Organic fertilizer for white ginger planting and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for white ginger planting and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is composed of a basic fermentation material and a microbial functional complex. The microbial functional complex is prepared by performing liquid state fermentation on a complex microbial inoculant consisting of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and photosynthetic bacteria and leftovers of Chinese herbal medicines such as liquorice, astragalus membranaceus and the like to obtain functional fermentation liquor, and loading the functional fermentation liquor on porous biochar. Through the synergistic effect of the composite flora, the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation product and the charcoal carrier, a'microbial antagonism-plant immune induction 'disease prevention and control system is constructed, and soil-borne diseases such as ginger blast and the like can be efficiently inhibited; the content of gingerol in the white ginger can be remarkably increased by a Chinese herbal medicine fermentation product; meanwhile, the biochar can effectively adsorb and passivate heavy metals in the soil, and the enrichment of the heavy metals in the ginger blocks is reduced. The problems that in the prior art, organic fertilizer is poor in disease prevention effect, the quality cannot be improved, and the heavy metal pollution risk cannot be solved are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer for white ginger planting and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] White ginger, as an important economic crop and a plant with medicinal and edible properties, is widely favored by the market due to its unique flavor and various health benefits. In the pursuit of green and non-polluted agricultural products, the use of organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer has become an inevitable trend in white ginger planting. Organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive and lasting nutrition for white ginger and improve soil structure, which is in line with the concept of sustainable agriculture.

[0003] However, intensive planting of white ginger faces two major challenges: First, soil-borne diseases occur frequently, especially ginger wilt (bacterial wilt) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which is devastating and is the primary bottleneck restricting the development of the white ginger industry. Traditional organic fertilizers (such as farmyard manure) may carry pathogenic bacteria and lack the ability to inhibit harmful soil bacteria. Some existing biological organic fertilizers add a single microbial agent (such as Bacillus subtilis), but due to the complexity and antagonism of the soil microecosystem, a single strain is difficult to stabilize colonization and exert efficient biocontrol effects, resulting in unstable control effects.

[0004] Second, a potential risk that is often overlooked but objectively exists is soil heavy metal pollution. Long-term improper use of agricultural inputs can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil. These heavy metals can be absorbed by the white ginger root system, not only affecting the growth and quality of white ginger, but also posing a serious threat to human health through the food chain. Most existing organic fertilizer products focus on nutrient supply, and there are few technical solutions that can simultaneously address the problems of disease control and heavy metal pollution.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of organic fertilizer that not only provides balanced nutrition but also efficiently inhibits soil-borne diseases through multi-mechanism synergy, while also passivating soil heavy metals and reducing their enrichment in white ginger, thereby achieving safe, high-quality, and high-yield white ginger, which has great practical significance for ensuring food safety and promoting the high-quality development of the white ginger industry. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to solve the technical problems of existing organic fertilizers for white ginger planting, which have insufficient ability to inhibit soil-borne diseases, unstable effects, and cannot solve the risk of soil heavy metal pollution. The present application provides an organic fertilizer for white ginger planting that integrates nutrient supply, disease control, quality improvement, and heavy metal passivation, as well as a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions. An organic fertilizer for white ginger planting is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: Basic fermentation material 85-95 parts; Microbial functional complex 5-15 parts.

[0008] Further, the basic fermentation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: Poultry manure 30-50 parts; Plant cake 10-20 parts; Crop straw powder 25-35 parts; Mushroom residue 10-20 parts.

[0009] Further, the microbial functional complex is composed of biochar, compound microbial agent and Chinese herbal medicine waste, and the preparation raw materials include, in parts by mass: Biochar 20-40 parts; Chinese herbal medicine waste 8-15 parts; Compound microbial agent 0.2-0.5 parts; Water 50-70 parts.

[0010] Further, the poultry manure is one or both of fermented chicken manure and fermented cow manure.

[0011] Further, the plant cake is rapeseed cake or peanut cake.

[0012] Further, the crop straw powder is corn straw powder or rice husk powder.

[0013] Further, the mushroom residue is Pleurotus eryngii residue or Flammulina velutipes residue.

[0014] Further, the biochar is bamboo charcoal or rice husk charcoal, with a particle size of 1-5 mm, a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2 / g, and a pH value of 7.5-9.0.

[0015] Further, the Chinese herbal medicine waste is selected from two of the residues after extraction and processing of liquorice, astragalus, scutellaria and sophora.

[0016] Further, the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing the following three kinds of microorganisms in a mass ratio of 1:1:1: Bacillus subtilis powder, with an effective viable count of ≥10×10 9 CFU / g; Trichoderma harzianum powder, with an effective viable count of ≥10×109 CFU / g; Photosynthetic bacteria (such as Rhodopseudomonas palustris) bacterial solution, effective viable count ≥1×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0017] The application further provides a preparation method of the white ginger planting organic fertilizer. S1: preparation of a basic fermentation material: uniformly mix the poultry manure, plant cake, crop straw powder and mushroom residue according to a proportion, add clean water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%-65%, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) to 25-35:1; pile the mixed material, and perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation, during which the pile temperature is kept at 60-70 DEG C for 5-7 days, and the pile is turned over regularly; the total fermentation time is 20-30 days, and when the material is completely decomposed, odorless, and black-brown and loose, the basic fermentation material is obtained; S2: preparation of a microbial functional complex: S2.1: preparation of a functional fermentation liquid: put the Chinese herbal medicine leftovers and water into a jacketed fermentation tank, sterilize at 121 DEG C for 30 minutes, and cool to 30-35 DEG C; inoculate the compound microbial inoculum according to a proportion, and perform liquid fermentation at 30-35 DEG C in the dark with intermittent stirring for 5-7 days, so that the functional fermentation liquid with a total viable count of not less than 2×10 8 CFU / mL is obtained; S2.2: adsorption and activation: put the biochar into a mixing device, and slowly and uniformly spray the functional fermentation liquid prepared in step S2.1 on the biochar under stirring, so that the solid-liquid mass ratio is 1:(2.5-3.5); continuously stir or turn at a low speed at 30-40 DEG C for 24-36 hours, so that the functional fermentation liquid is fully adsorbed by the biochar, and the microorganisms are activated and proliferated in the pore structure of the biochar, and the microbial functional complex is obtained; S3: compounding of a finished product: uniformly mix the basic fermentation material prepared in step S1 and the microbial functional complex prepared in step S2 in a mixing machine according to a proportion for 10-20 minutes, and the white ginger planting organic fertilizer finished product is obtained.

[0018] The application has the following beneficial effects: (1) A "four-in-one" synergistic disease control system was constructed, with outstanding disease prevention effect: This invention creatively constructs a composite defense system of "microbial antagonism-plant immune induction". Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and photosynthetic bacteria form a functionally complementary dominant bacterial community in the rhizosphere microenvironment, and synergistically inhibit pathogens through multiple pathways such as spatial site competition, secretion of antibacterial substances, parasitism of pathogens, and optimization of the soil environment. More importantly, the bioactive small molecules (such as glycyrrhizic acid and astragalus polysaccharides) in the fermentation products of traditional Chinese medicines such as licorice and astragalus act as natural biostimulants, which can induce systemic resistance in white ginger, fundamentally improving the plant's own disease resistance. This four-in-one synergistic effect is significantly better than single bacterial agents or simple compounding, and can effectively and persistently prevent soil-borne diseases such as ginger wilt.

[0019] (2) This invention unexpectedly achieves the dual benefits of quality improvement and heavy metal passivation, resulting in high product safety: This invention not only stimulates the secondary metabolism of white ginger through the fermentation products of traditional Chinese medicine, significantly increasing the content of gingerol, the core component determining its flavor and medicinal value, thus achieving a leap in quality. Simultaneously, this invention utilizes the large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of biochar, which, while acting as a microbial carrier, can strongly adsorb and passivate heavy metal ions such as cadmium and lead in the soil, fixing them in the soil and greatly reducing their bioavailability to migrate to the roots of white ginger. This technical effect solves the problem of heavy metal pollution in agricultural products that existing organic fertilizers have failed to address, significantly improving the safety of white ginger for consumption and achieving technological progress.

[0020] (3) Long-term soil improvement and increased fertilizer utilization: The porous structure of biochar serves as a "home" for microorganisms, protecting the activity of beneficial bacteria and extending their duration of action in the soil. Simultaneously, biochar itself improves soil aggregate structure, increasing soil permeability, water retention, and fertilizer retention capacity. Biochar loaded with nutrient fermentation liquid forms a "nutrient-microorganism" slow-release medium, capable of steadily releasing nutrients and beneficial bacteria according to crop needs, reducing nutrient loss, resulting in higher fertilizer utilization and a healthier soil with continued use.

[0021] (4) Raw materials are readily available, turning waste into treasure, and the process is feasible: The raw materials used in this invention, such as poultry and livestock manure, straw, by-products of traditional Chinese medicine, and biochar, are all inexpensive materials that can be purchased in large quantities or obtained on the market, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural and industrial waste. The preparation process is simple, the equipment is universal, and it is easy to realize industrial production, which is in line with the development direction of green circular agriculture. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, or devices used in the following embodiments can be obtained from conventional commercial channels or by existing known methods.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] An organic fertilizer for white ginger cultivation is made from 90 kg of basic fermented material and 10 kg of microbial functional complex.

[0025] (1) Preparation of basic fermentation material: Take 40 kg of fermented chicken manure, 15 kg of rapeseed cake, 30 kg of corn stalk powder, and 15 kg of king oyster mushroom residue. Mix these materials thoroughly in a horizontal mixer, spray with water to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and test and adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 30:1. Pile the mixture into windrows 1.8 meters wide and 1.2 meters high in the fermentation workshop, turning them once daily using a turning machine. On the third day of fermentation, the pile temperature rises to 65℃ and is maintained at this temperature for 5 days. Afterward, the pile temperature gradually decreases. After a total of 25 days of fermentation, the pile temperature stabilizes at around 45℃. The material is loose, dark brown, and has no ammonia odor, yielding approximately 90 kg of mature fermented material (dry matter).

[0026] (2) Preparation of microbial functional complexes: A. Preparation of Functional Fermentation Broth: Take 5 kg of residue from licorice extraction and 5 kg of residue from astragalus extraction, add 60 kg of water, place in a 100 L fermenter, and sterilize at 121℃ for 30 minutes. After cooling to 30℃, inoculate with a compound microbial agent containing: 100 g of Bacillus subtilis powder, 100 g of Trichoderma harzianum powder, and 100 g of photosynthetic bacteria solution (Rhodopseudomonas palustris, effective viable count 1×10⁻⁶). 9 (CFU / mL). Fermentation was carried out at 30℃ in the dark with intermittent stirring for 7 days to obtain a functional fermentation broth, with a total viable count of not less than 2×10⁻⁶ CFU / mL. 8 CFU / mL.

[0027] B. Adsorption-activation: Take 30 kg of commercially available bamboo charcoal with a particle size of 1-3 mm (specific surface area 260 m²). 2The biochar (70 kg, pH 8.5) was placed in a small drum mixer and slowly sprayed into it, resulting in a solid-liquid ratio of approximately 1:3. The mixture was continuously and slowly rolled at 35°C for 36 hours to allow the biochar to fully adsorb the fermentation broth and activate and proliferate the microorganisms within the pores. The final product was a microbial functional complex, weighing approximately 10 kg (dry matter).

[0028] (3) Compound preparation and finished product: Take 90 kg of the basic fermentation material obtained in step 1 and 10 kg of the microbial functional complex obtained in step 2, and mix them in a horizontal ribbon mixer for 15 minutes to ensure uniform distribution, thus obtaining the finished organic fertilizer for white ginger planting in this embodiment.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] The process is essentially the same as in Example 1, except that the basic fermentation material consists of 50 kg of fermented cow dung, 20 kg of peanut cake, 25 kg of rice husk powder, and 15 kg of king oyster mushroom residue. The by-products of the traditional Chinese medicine in the microbial functional complex are 8 kg of Scutellaria baicalensis residue and 4 kg of Sophora flavescens residue. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] The process is essentially the same as in Example 1, except that the organic fertilizer is composed of 85 kg of basic fermentation material and 15 kg of microbial functional complex. In the preparation of the microbial functional complex, the amount of biochar is 40 parts, the amount of herbal waste is 15 parts, the amount of compound microbial agent is 0.5 parts, and the amount of water is 70 parts (all relative mass parts). The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 Instead of using the fertilizer of this invention, commercially available organic fertilizer (mainly composed of well-rotted cow manure and straw, with a total nutrient content of 5% and organic matter of 45%, without added functional microbial agents or biochar) is used.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 The fertilizer uses only the basic fermented material prepared in step 1 of Example 1, without adding any microbial functional complexes.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that in the preparation of the microbial functional complex, only 200g of Bacillus subtilis powder was used as the inoculated agent (to ensure that the initial total inoculation amount was similar to that in Example 1), and Trichoderma harzianum and photosynthetic bacteria were not used. The other steps were exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that in the preparation of the microbial functional complex, no by-products of traditional Chinese medicine are added to the fermentation broth; instead, 10 kg of brown sugar with an equal carbon content is used as the carbon source for fermentation. All other steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that, in the preparation of the microbial functional complex, biochar was not used as the carrier; instead, an equal mass of vermiculite (a common microbial carrier, but with weak heavy metal adsorption capacity) was used. All other steps were exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Test Example 1 Field trials were conducted to verify the effects of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5. The field trial process is as follows, and the results of the effects of each treatment on the growth of white ginger and soil indicators are shown in Table 1: (1) Experimental Design: A. Test site: Ginger planting base of Tongling State-owned Forest Farm. The previous crop of this plot had a slight history of ginger wilt disease, and the soil background test showed slight cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution.

[0039] B. Experimental treatment: Eight treatments were set up, namely Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. Each treatment had 3 replicate cells with a cell area of ​​30m², arranged in a randomized block design.

[0040] C. Fertilization method: All treatments were applied as base fertilizer in a single application via furrow application, at a rate of 1500 kg / mu (dry weight equivalent). Apart from the fertilizer, field management (irrigation, weeding, etc.) was completely consistent across all plots, and no chemical pesticides or fungicides were used throughout the entire growth period.

[0041] (2) Test items and methods: A. Ginger wilt disease incidence rate (%): During the peak disease period when white ginger grows to the "three-forked" stage, 100 fixed white ginger plants were randomly selected from each plot. The number of plants exhibiting typical ginger wilt disease symptoms (plant wilting, bacterial ooze on the rhizome) was continuously observed and recorded. Incidence rate (%) = (number of diseased plants / total number of plants surveyed) × 100%.

[0042] B. Yield per mu (kg / mu): During the harvest season of white ginger, a 5m² quadrat is marked at the center of each plot. All the white ginger in the quadrat is dug out completely, the mud is removed, and the weight is calculated as the yield per mu.

[0043] C. Total gingerol content (mg / g): 2kg samples were randomly selected from the white ginger harvested from each plot, washed, dried and crushed, and then the samples were determined by a third-party testing institution using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in accordance with GB / T 22250-2008.

[0044] D. Soil organic matter growth rate (%): Soil samples from the 0–20 cm topsoil layer were collected at five points in each plot before fertilization and after harvest. The samples were mixed and the organic matter content was determined (potassium dichromate titration method). Growth rate (%) = ((post-harvest content - pre-fertilization content) / pre-fertilization content) × 100%.

[0045] E. Heavy metal content of ginger (mg / kg): Samples were taken from white ginger harvested from various plots. After digestion with nitric acid-perchloric acid, the contents of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS).

[0046] (3) Test Results and Analysis: The performance test results for each process are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1. Effects of each treatment on the growth of white ginger and soil indices.

[0048] Analysis of the data in Table 1: (1) Disease control effect analysis: The incidence rate of Examples 1, 2, and 3 was controlled below 5%, showing significant effects. Comparative Example 1 (ordinary organic fertilizer) and Comparative Example 2 (basic material only) had the highest incidence rates, basically lacking disease suppression capabilities. The incidence rate of Comparative Example 3 (single strain) (13.6%) was much higher than that of the Example groups, proving that the synergistic antagonistic effect of the compound microbial community in this invention is the key to achieving efficient disease suppression. Although the incidence rate of Comparative Example 4 (without traditional Chinese medicine) (5.1%) was lower, it was slightly higher than that of Example 1, indicating that the systemic resistance induced by the fermentation products of traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in enhancing disease control. The "four-in-one" synergistic control system of this invention has significant effects.

[0049] (2) Yield and quality analysis: The yield per acre and gingerol content of the Example group were significantly higher than those of all comparative examples. The yield of Example 1 increased by 38.5% compared with that of Comparative Example 1, and the gingerol content increased by 41.3%. In particular, compared with Comparative Example 4, the incidence rates of the two were similar, but the gingerol content of Example 1 (8.65 mg / g) was much higher than that of Comparative Example 4 (6.88 mg / g). This proves that the fermentation products of Chinese herbal medicine by-products, as biostimulants, can significantly promote the synthesis and accumulation of gingerol, which determines the quality of white ginger.

[0050] (3) Analysis of Heavy Metal Passivation Effect (Unexpected Technical Effect): Under the treatments of Examples 1, 2, and 3, the Cd and Pb contents of ginger rhizomes were extremely low, far below the national food safety standards. In contrast, all comparative examples (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) that did not use biochar showed significantly higher heavy metal contents in their ginger rhizomes. Especially comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 (using vermiculite instead of biochar), both showed similar effects in disease prevention, yield increase, and quality improvement, but the Cd and Pb contents of ginger rhizomes in Example 1 were reduced by 72% and 67.6%, respectively, compared to Comparative Example 5. This demonstrates that biochar played a crucial role in passivating and fixing heavy metals in the soil in this invention, significantly reducing the absorption of heavy metals by white ginger and addressing potential risks to agricultural product safety.

[0051] (4) Soil improvement effect analysis: The soil organic matter growth rate of the example group containing biochar and the comparative example 4 was significantly higher than that of the comparative examples 1, 2, 3 and 5 without biochar, which confirms the advantages of the technical solution of the present invention in long-term soil improvement and soil fertility enhancement.

[0052] In summary, the organic fertilizer for white ginger cultivation and its preparation method provided by this invention, through the organic combination of basic fermentation material and microbial functional complex, especially through the synergistic effect of "complex microbial community - fermentation products of traditional Chinese medicine - biochar", not only effectively solves the pain point of frequent soil-borne diseases in white ginger cultivation, but also unexpectedly solves the potential risk of heavy metal pollution in agricultural products. At the same time, it significantly improves the yield and core quality of white ginger and can improve the soil in a long-term manner.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer for planting white ginger, characterized in that, It is made from the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of basic fermentation material; 5–15 portions of microbial functional complex; The basic fermentation material is fermented from poultry and livestock manure, plant cake, crop straw powder and mushroom residue; the microbial functional complex is composed of biochar, compound microbial agents and fermentation products of Chinese herbal medicine by-products.

2. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic fermentation material, by weight, is fermented from the following raw materials: 30-50 portions of poultry and livestock manure; 10-20 parts of plant oilseed cake; 25-35 parts of crop straw powder; 10-20 portions of mushroom residue.

3. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial functional complex is prepared from the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of biochar; 8-15 portions of Chinese herbal medicine by-products; 0.2–0.5 parts of compound microbial inoculant; 50-70 parts water.

4. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The biochar is bamboo charcoal or rice husk charcoal, and has a particle size of 1-5 mm and a specific surface area of greater than 200 m 2 / g.

5. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The herbal by-products are selected from two of the residues after extraction and processing of licorice, astragalus, scutellaria, and sophora flavescens.

6. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma harzianum powder, and photosynthetic bacteria liquid.

7. The organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma harzianum powder, and photosynthetic bacteria liquid is 1:1:

1.

8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Preparation of basic fermentation material: Mix poultry and livestock manure, plant cake, crop straw powder and mushroom residue according to the ratio, adjust the moisture content to 55% to 65%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25 to 35:1, carry out high temperature aerobic fermentation until the material is fully decomposed to obtain basic fermentation material; S2: Preparation of microbial functional complex: Mix Chinese herbal medicine waste with water, sterilize, and then inoculate with a compound microbial agent for liquid fermentation to obtain a functional fermentation broth; then spray the functional fermentation broth onto biochar and activate it to obtain a microbial functional complex; S3: Compound finished product: The basic fermentation material obtained in step S1 and the microbial functional complex obtained in step S2 are mixed evenly according to the ratio.

9. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for white ginger planting according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the temperature of the liquid fermentation is 30-35°C, and the time is 5-7 days.

10. The method for preparing organic fertilizer for white ginger cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the functional fermentation broth is sprayed onto the biochar and then activated at 30–40°C for 24–36 hours.

Images