High-precision central control target scoring system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement and signal processing, and discloses a high-precision center control target scoring system which comprises a laser phase shift interference array, a high-speed phase demodulation unit and a center control processing unit. According to the system, a laser phase shift interference array is used for forming a laser sensing surface behind a target surface, and the laser sensing surface is used for detecting air refractive index change caused in a transient wake of a projectile after the projectile penetrates through the target in a non-contact manner and converting the change into an instantaneous phase shift signal. And the central control processing unit accurately calculates the coordinates of the impact point through a weighted centroid algorithm based on the peak value of the signal. In addition, the system also constructs a phase disturbance characteristic vector by extracting a plurality of characteristic parameters of the phase signal, and performs mode matching with an expert knowledge base to realize synchronous diagnosis of the flight state of the projectile. The method does not depend on a special target plate, is high in anti-interference capability, not only realizes high-precision target scoring, but also provides an additional ballistic analysis function, and has the characteristics of high stability and low operation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical measurement and signal processing technology, specifically a high-precision central control target reporting system. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic target reporting systems are key equipment in modern shooting training and weapons testing. They aim to report the bullet impact point in real time and accurately through automated technology, replacing the traditional manual target reporting method, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and testing accuracy.

[0003] In existing technologies, one type of automatic target reporting system relies on a specially designed target plate, such as a target surface made of conductive materials or pressure-sensitive elements. When a projectile passes through or impacts the target surface, it triggers changes in the physical or electrical properties of the target surface, and the system determines the coordinates of the impact point by detecting these changes. However, such target plates are consumables, and each shot causes physical damage to them, resulting in a limited service life and high operating and maintenance costs.

[0004] To overcome these shortcomings, the industry has developed various non-contact target reporting technologies. For example, acoustic target reporting systems use an array of acoustic sensors deployed in the target range area to capture the shock wave signals generated by the projectile's flight and calculate the point of impact. Other solutions employ optical principles, such as using an infrared light curtain or a sensing surface composed of a laser array to detect the position of the projectile, or using image acquisition and processing technology to identify new bullet holes on the target paper.

[0005] While these non-contact technologies reduce reliance on target consumables to some extent, they often face new technical challenges in practical applications. Specifically, the measurement accuracy of acoustic target reporting systems is highly susceptible to interference from background noise, muzzle explosions, and sound wave reflections and reverberation in the shooting range environment. Optical target reporting systems based on light curtain obstruction or image recognition, on the other hand, are highly dependent on ambient lighting conditions and are easily affected by environmental factors such as muzzle smoke, flashes, dust, and even weather changes, all of which can lead to misjudgments or decreased accuracy.

[0006] Therefore, existing technical solutions often fail to meet the key technical requirements of high precision, high stability, and low operating costs simultaneously. There is an urgent need for a new high-precision target reporting technology that can work stably in complex target range environments and does not rely on special consumables. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-precision central control target reporting system, which solves the problem that existing target reporting technologies, due to their reliance on specialized consumables or susceptibility to environmental interference, struggle to achieve both high precision, high stability, and low operating costs.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-precision central control target reporting system, comprising: To solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a high-precision central control target reporting system.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the high-precision central control target reporting system includes: The signal generation module is configured to form a laser sensing surface behind the target surface using a laser phase-shifting interferometer array. When the projectile passes through this laser sensing surface, the transient wake it generates causes a transient change in the local air refractive index, which in turn causes a change in the optical path of the laser beam passing through this region. The signal generation module generates a corresponding phase signal accordingly.

[0010] A phase demodulation module, which is connected to the signal generation module, is configured to demodulate the phase signal in real time at a preset high sampling frequency to obtain the instantaneous phase shift characterizing the transient wake.

[0011] The processing module, connected to the phase demodulation module, is configured to perform the following operations: in response to the instantaneous phase shift, determine the occurrence of a disturbance event; calculate the coordinates of the impact point of the projectile passing through the laser sensing surface based on the instantaneous phase shift; and output the coordinates of the impact point.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the processing module compares the absolute value of the instantaneous phase shift with a preset phase shift trigger threshold Φ. thresh A comparison is made to determine the occurrence of the disturbance event.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the processing module calculates the impact point coordinates by: first, determining the peak phase shifts of multiple channels in the laser phase-shifting interferometer array; then, using a weighted centroid positioning algorithm, calculating the impact point coordinates based on the peak phase shifts of the multiple channels and their known physical positions in the laser sensing surface.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operations: extracting multiple feature parameters characterizing the physical properties of the transient wake based on the instantaneous phase offset, and combining the multiple feature parameters to construct a phase perturbation feature vector.

[0015] Specifically, the plurality of characteristic parameters may include at least two of the following: peak amplitude, disturbance duration, waveform skewness, signal energy, and spatial distribution.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to perform the following operations: perform pattern matching between the phase perturbation feature vector and reference feature vectors stored in an expert knowledge base that correspond to known projectile flight states; and diagnose the projectile flight state of this firing based on the result of the pattern matching. The known projectile flight state may include: stable flight state, unstable tumbling state, and projectile fragmentation state.

[0017] Specifically, the processing module is configured to perform pattern matching using Mahalanobis distance, and its calculation method is limited to: in: V is the phase perturbation feature vector of the current shooting event; C m Known projectile flight states in the expert knowledge base; V ref,m To match the known projectile flight state C m Corresponding reference feature vector; S m To match the known projectile flight state C m The corresponding feature covariance matrix; T represents the matrix transpose operation; The inverse matrix represents the characteristic covariance matrix.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a high-precision central-control target reporting method.

[0019] The method includes the following steps: S1: A laser sensing surface is formed behind the target surface by a laser phase-shifting interferometer array, and a corresponding phase signal is generated when the projectile passes through the laser sensing surface. S2: Demodulate the phase signal in real time to obtain the instantaneous phase shift characterizing the transient wake of the projectile; S3: In response to the instantaneous phase shift, determine the occurrence of a disturbance event; S4: Based on the instantaneous phase shift, calculate the coordinates of the impact point of the projectile as it passes through the laser sensing surface; S5: Output the coordinates of the impact point.

[0020] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention achieves positioning by constructing a laser phase-shifting interferometer array and detecting the optical phase change caused by the transient wake formed by the projectile after penetrating the target in the air medium. Since the object of detection is the change in the physical properties of the air medium, rather than the projectile itself or acoustic signals, it can effectively avoid the influence of common interference sources in the target range environment such as acoustic noise, muzzle smoke and changes in ambient light, thus possessing high stability and environmental adaptability. 2. This invention employs a non-contact optical measurement method, deploying the laser sensing surface behind the target surface. This eliminates the need to integrate any sensors or special materials onto the target plate itself. Therefore, this invention has no special requirements for the target plate and is compatible with ordinary target plates of any material. It avoids dependence on special high-cost consumables such as conductive targets or pressure-sensitive targets, significantly reducing the long-term use and maintenance costs of the system. 3. This invention performs in-depth analysis of instantaneous phase shift signals to extract multiple feature parameters, including peak amplitude, disturbance duration, and waveform skewness, to construct a phase disturbance feature vector. Furthermore, by performing pattern matching with an expert knowledge base, it achieves real-time diagnosis of projectile flight status. This function expands the capabilities of the target reporting system from simple impact point localization to multi-dimensional ballistic parameter analysis, providing additional data support for shooting training, weapon performance evaluation, and ballistic research that is unavailable in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0023] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a high-precision central control target reporting system, comprising: The signal generation module is configured to form a laser sensing surface behind the target surface using a laser phase-shifting interferometer array, and generate a corresponding phase signal when the projectile passes through the laser sensing surface due to the change in air refractive index caused by its transient wake. In this embodiment, the high-precision central control target reporting signal generation module serves as the basis for non-contact detection in this high-precision central control target reporting system. Its core function is to construct a sensing area that can sensitively perceive the transient wake of the projectile and stably convert the physical characteristics of the wake into an electrical signal, i.e., a phase signal, that can be processed subsequently.

[0024] Specifically, the high-precision central control target reporting signal generation module includes a laser phase-shifting interferometer array. This array is deployed within a pre-defined safe area behind the target surface, and its structure is carefully designed to ensure complete coverage of the target area and high spatial resolution detection capability.

[0025] Preferably, the high-precision central control target reporting laser phase-shifting interferometry array consists of two sets of orthogonally arranged optical components: a horizontal laser emitter-receiver unit and a vertical laser emitter-receiver unit. These two sets of units together construct an invisible, gridded laser sensing surface in space. This laser sensing surface is parallel to the target plane and covers the entire effective firing area. Each laser emitter-receiver unit constitutes an independent optical interferometry measurement channel.

[0026] In this embodiment, the working principle of each independent channel is based on optical interference. The laser beam emitted from the laser emitter is split into two paths: one is used as a measurement beam, passing through the high-precision central control target laser sensing surface; the other is used as a reference beam, propagating in a stable optical path. These two beams eventually converge at the corresponding phase detector, forming stable interference fringes. When the ambient air is static or quasi-static, the position of the interference fringes remains constant, and the phase detector outputs a stable reference phase signal φ. base .

[0027] A core technical concept of this invention lies in the fact that the target detected by the signal generation module is not the projectile itself, but rather the transient physical disturbance formed in the air behind the projectile when it flies at supersonic speeds, i.e., the transient wake. This transient wake is a region containing complex aerodynamic phenomena, in which the density, temperature, and pressure of the air change drastically on a timescale of microseconds to milliseconds.

[0028] Transient wakes are generated during supersonic projectile flight. This is because the shock waves produced by supersonic flight cause drastic and highly localized changes in the air's refractive index, resulting in the strongest phase shift signal with the highest signal-to-noise ratio. This signal detects any refractive index changes caused by the projectile's disturbance of the air medium. For subsonic projectiles, although they do not generate shock waves, they still form a turbulent wake during flight. This turbulent wake also contains fluctuations in air density, pressure, and temperature, inevitably causing localized changes in the air's refractive index Δn(x,y,t).

[0029] From a technical implementation perspective, the phase shift signal Δφ generated by the turbulent wake of a subsonic projectile differs in amplitude and waveform characteristics from that generated by a supersonic shock wave, typically exhibiting weaker signal strength. Therefore, the applicability of this invention depends on the system's sensitivity, specifically the phase shift trigger threshold φ specified in the specification. threshWhether it can be effectively triggered depends on the projectile's caliber, velocity, and the system's detection sensitivity. This can be achieved by selecting a high-sensitivity phase demodulation module and setting an appropriate trigger threshold.

[0030] According to the Lorentz-Lorentz equation in physics, the refractive index n of air has a definite functional relationship with its density ρ. Therefore, the instantaneous change Δρ(x,y,t) in local air density caused by the transient wake will directly lead to a corresponding instantaneous change Δn(x,y,t) in the air refractive index of that space region.

[0031] When the measuring beam passes through this region of changing refractive index formed by the transient wake, its optical path length will undergo a slight change. The change in optical path length Δ(OPL) is related to the integral of the change in refractive index along the optical path L. Accordingly, this change in optical path length will directly cause a phase shift in the measuring beam. The relationship between this instantaneous phase shift Δφ(t) and the change in optical path length can be characterized by the following equation: Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the high-precision central control target measurement beam.

[0032] Therefore, the high-precision central control target reporting signal generation module cleverly converts the invisible aerodynamic disturbances generated by the projectile's flight into precise phase signals that can be measured with high precision by the electrical system on each affected channel through this physical process. This phase signal serves as the raw input for subsequent phase demodulation module processing, and its waveform characteristics contain rich physical information such as the intensity, shape, and duration of the transient wake.

[0033] To ensure the accuracy of the measurement reference, the signal generation module must perform a reference phase calibration in conjunction with subsequent modules after system startup or a significant, slow change in environmental conditions. During this process, in a static environment without firing events, the system acquires the phase output of all channels over a period of time and determines a stable reference phase φ for each independent channel i through time averaging and other processing methods. base (i). This calibration step provides a dynamically updated zero-point reference for subsequent accurate calculation of the instantaneous phase shift, thereby effectively suppressing measurement errors introduced by the slow drift of ambient temperature and air pressure.

[0034] The phase demodulation module is configured to demodulate the high-precision central control target reporting phase signal in real time to obtain the instantaneous phase shift characterizing the transient wake of the high-precision central control target reporting. In this embodiment, the high-precision central control target reporting phase demodulation module, as a key link connecting the front-end physical sensing and the back-end data processing, undertakes the core task of converting the original phase signal containing transient wake information generated by the signal generation module into a precise digital signal that can be quantitatively analyzed by the processing module.

[0035] Specifically, the input of the high-precision central control and target reporting phase demodulation module is connected to multiple phase detectors of the laser phase-shifting interferometry array in the high-precision central control and target reporting signal generation module. It is configured to receive phase signals from each independent optical interferometry channel in the high-precision central control and target reporting signal generation module in parallel and without interruption. Given that the projectile's transient wake is a physical phenomenon of extremely short duration, the high-precision central control and target reporting phase demodulation module is equipped with a preset high sampling frequency f... s The ability to acquire data ensures that the dynamic changes of phase signals are captured without distortion and with high fidelity.

[0036] In this embodiment, the function of the phase demodulation module is not merely data acquisition, but more importantly, real-time differential processing of the raw signal to extract the core measurement information, namely, the instantaneous phase shift. This module internally stores or receives from external sources the reference phase φ of each channel i, calibrated during the system initialization phase. base (i). This reference phase represents the stable phase reading that each channel should have when no disturbance events occur.

[0037] During system operation, the phase demodulation module continuously acquires the real-time phase value φ of each channel. rt (i,t). Subsequently, through the built-in computing unit, a subtraction operation is performed independently on each channel to demodulate the instantaneous phase shift Δφ(i,t) of that channel at time t. This demodulation process can be precisely characterized by the following equation: Δφ(i,t)=φ rt (i,t)-φ base (i); Δφ(i,t) is the core output of the high-precision central control target reporting phase demodulation module, which directly reflects the pure phase change relative to the static environmental background caused by the transient wake of the projectile. This signal is digitized to form a time-series data stream.

[0038] To achieve the above functions, preferably, the high-precision central control target reporting phase demodulation module can be composed of a high-speed data acquisition card, a field-programmable gate array, or a dedicated digital signal processor, or a combination of these components. This hardware architecture is adopted because it can provide the high parallel processing capability and low latency required to process multiple channels, ensuring that the entire process from receiving the raw phase signal to outputting the instantaneous phase offset data stream meets the real-time requirements of this invention.

[0039] Ultimately, the high-precision central control and target reporting phase demodulation module transmits the precisely demodulated and timestamped instantaneous phase offset data sequences from all channels to the high-precision central control and target reporting processing module in real time via a preset data interface. This data sequence forms the data foundation for all subsequent advanced algorithms, including impact point coordinate calculation and projectile status diagnosis. Therefore, the performance of the phase demodulation module directly determines the signal accuracy and time resolution that the entire system can sense.

[0040] The processing module is configured to: determine the occurrence of a disturbance event in response to the instantaneous phase shift of the high-precision central control target; calculate the impact point coordinates of the projectile passing through the laser sensing surface of the high-precision central control target based on the instantaneous phase shift of the high-precision central control target; and output the impact point coordinates of the high-precision central control target.

[0041] In this embodiment, the high-precision central control target reporting processing module, as the core of the calculation and decision-making of this high-precision central control target reporting system, is configured to receive and parse the high-resolution instantaneous phase offset data sequence provided by the high-precision central control target reporting phase demodulation module, and perform a series of orderly data processing and analysis operations accordingly, and finally output accurate projectile status diagnostic information with accurate impact point coordinates and depth.

[0042] Specifically, the primary responsibility of the high-precision central control target reporting processing module is to accurately identify the valid signal triggered by the projectile penetration event from the continuous data stream. To this end, the processing module is configured to monitor the instantaneous phase offset Δφ(i,t) of each received channel in real time. When the absolute value of the instantaneous phase offset |Δφ(i,t)| of any channel first exceeds a preset phase offset trigger threshold Φ... thresh When a disturbance event occurs, the processing module determines that a disturbance event has occurred. The threshold is set to distinguish valid projectile wake signals from background noise or weak environmental fluctuations, ensuring the validity and reliability of subsequent calculations.

[0043] Upon confirming a disturbance event, the processing module immediately calculates the impact point coordinates. In this embodiment, to obtain high-precision positioning results, the processing module employs a weighted centroid positioning algorithm. This algorithm first iterates through the instantaneous phase offset data of all channels within the effective time window to determine the peak phase offset A of each channel i. peak(i). Subsequently, based on these peak values, the horizontal coordinate X of the projectile passing through the laser sensing surface was calculated. p and vertical coordinate Y p The calculation process is represented by the following formula: Where j and k are the indices of the vertical and horizontal laser beams, respectively; x j and y k , where are the known physical positions of each laser beam in the sensing surface coordinate system; W(·) is a preset weighting function, which assigns higher weights to channels with larger peak phase shifts, thereby making the coordinate calculation results more inclined towards the region with the strongest signal.

[0044] Building upon this, the technical solution of this invention goes beyond simply providing positioning information. The high-precision central control target reporting processing module is further configured to perform deep feature mining on the instantaneous phase shift signal to diagnose the projectile's flight state. To this end, the processing module is configured to construct a phase perturbation feature vector V. The construction process of this vector includes extracting a series of feature parameters that can characterize the physical properties of the transient wake from different dimensions.

[0045] Preferably, the high-precision central control target reporting characteristic parameters include: Peak Amplitude (A) p ): Reflects the maximum value of the disturbance intensity.

[0046] Duration of disturbance (T) d ): Reflects the duration of the disturbance over time.

[0047] Waveform skewness (S) k ): Reflects the asymmetry of the phase disturbance waveform and is related to the morphology of the shock wave surface.

[0048] Signal energy (E) s ): Reflects the total energy carried by the disturbance.

[0049] Spatial Display (W) s ): Reflects the number of channels affected by the disturbance, characterizing the spatial extent of the disturbance.

[0050] These feature parameters are combined into a multidimensional vector v = [A p ,T d ,S k E s W s ] T .

[0051] To diagnose the projectile's condition, the processing module stores or has access to an expert knowledge base. This knowledge base pre-stores standard reference feature vectors V corresponding to various known projectile flight states.ref,m and the corresponding statistical model parameters.

[0052] The processing module performs pattern matching between the real-time extracted phase perturbation feature vector V and each reference feature vector in the knowledge base. In this embodiment, Mahalanobis distance is used as the criterion for measuring similarity because it can effectively consider the correlation between various feature parameters. The matching process is performed by the following formula: Where V is the phase perturbation feature vector of the current shooting event; C m Given the known flight state of a projectile; V ref,m S is the reference feature vector corresponding to this state; m This is the feature covariance matrix corresponding to this state; First, the feature covariance matrix C used to calculate the Mahalanobis distance is not dynamically generated from a small number of real-time firing samples, but is pre-constructed as part of an expert knowledge base during the offline calibration phase before system deployment. This calibration process collects a large amount of diverse projectile sample data with known flight states (such as stable, tumbling, etc.). Since the number of samples is much larger than the dimension of the feature vector (i.e., the number of parameters such as peak amplitude and disturbance duration in the specification), the calculated covariance matrix is ​​statistically full-rank and non-singular, thus fundamentally avoiding the singularity problem caused by insufficient samples.

[0053] Secondly, in a preferred embodiment, the system employs regularization techniques to ensure numerical stability before calculating the inverse of the covariance matrix. Specifically, the system adds a small positive number ε to the diagonal elements of the original covariance matrix C. This process ensures that the inversion operation can be performed stably even when the matrix is ​​close to singular, thus guaranteeing the robustness of the Mahalanobis distance calculation.

[0054] Finally, the processing module will determine the projectile flight state C corresponding to the reference vector with the smallest Mahalanobis distance from the current vector V. m As a diagnostic result of this firing exercise, the high-precision central control target reporting module will calculate the bullet impact point coordinates (X... p ,Y p This is integrated with the diagnostic results and output to a display terminal or data recording system.

[0055] Preferably, the high-precision central control target reporting processing module can be implemented by a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a combination thereof, to provide the computing power required to execute the aforementioned complex algorithms.

[0056] Please see the appendix Figure 2 A high-precision central control target reporting method includes the following steps: S1. A laser sensing surface is formed behind the target using a laser phase-shifting interferometer array, and a corresponding phase signal is generated when the projectile passes through this laser sensing surface. This step is the foundation for data acquisition in the entire target reporting method. First, a laser phase-shifting interferometer array is deployed at a predetermined safe distance behind the target plate. Preferably, this array consists of a set of horizontally arranged and a set of vertically arranged optical components. These two sets of components are orthogonally arranged, and the laser beams emitted by them interweave in space to form an invisible gridded laser sensing surface covering the entire effective firing area.

[0057] The core of this step lies in utilizing the physical effects generated during the supersonic flight of the projectile. When the projectile passes through the laser sensing surface, its tail forms a transient wake composed of shock waves and turbulence. Within this wake region, the air density, temperature, and pressure undergo drastic and transient changes. According to the optical properties of air, its refractive index *n* is closely related to its density *ρ*. Therefore, the instantaneous change in air density Δρ(x,y,t) caused by the transient wake directly induces a corresponding instantaneous change in the air refractive index Δn(x,y,t) in that local spatial region.

[0058] The optical path of the measurement beam passing through this perturbed region will change, resulting in an instantaneous phase shift Δφ(t) relative to the undisturbed reference beam. This phase shift, in relation to the change in refractive index, can be characterized by the following equation: Where λ is the laser wavelength and L is the path of the beam through the perturbed region. Finally, the phase detector in the laser phase-shifting interferometer array converts this dynamic change in optical phase into a continuous, raw phase signal that can be acquired by the electrical system, serving as input for subsequent processing.

[0059] S2. Real-time demodulation of the phase signal to obtain the instantaneous phase shift characterizing the projectile's transient wake. This step aims to accurately extract the pure disturbance information caused by the projectile's transient wake from the original phase signal. Since the duration of the projectile's penetration event is extremely short, this step utilizes a high-speed data acquisition system at a preset high sampling frequency f. s The raw phase signal φ from each independent channel of the laser phase-shifting interferometer array is acquired in parallel and in real time. rt (i,t).

[0060] To eliminate slow drift caused by factors such as ambient temperature and air pressure, the system needs to perform reference phase calibration before demodulation to obtain a stable reference phase φ for each channel i under static conditions. base (i).

[0061] During real-time demodulation, the real-time phase value φ acquired for each channel is... rtFor (i,t), perform a difference operation, that is, subtract its corresponding static reference phase φ. base (i). This process can be represented by the following formula: Δφ(i,t)=φ rt (i,t)-φ base (i); This step ultimately yields a time-synchronized, multi-channel instantaneous phase shift Δφ(i,t) data sequence. This data sequence filters out the static and slowly varying background of the system, accurately characterizing the dynamic evolution of the projectile's transient wake in both time and space dimensions.

[0062] S3. In response to the instantaneous phase shift, determine the occurrence of a disturbance event. This step serves as an event triggering mechanism to accurately identify valid shooting events from the continuous data stream and initiate subsequent calculation processes.

[0063] This step continuously monitors the instantaneous phase offset data sequence of all channels output by S2. The system has a preset phase offset trigger threshold Φ. thresh The threshold is set based on the system's signal-to-noise ratio characteristics, aiming to effectively distinguish the real projectile wake signal from background electrical noise or weak environmental airflow disturbances.

[0064] During the monitoring process, once the absolute value of the instantaneous phase shift of any channel i, |Δφ(i,t)|, exceeds the preset threshold Φ for the first time... thresh Once this determination is made, the system determines that a valid disturbance event has occurred. This determination marks the beginning of a valid data window, and the system will extract a segment of data containing the complete disturbance process around the trigger time for subsequent analysis.

[0065] S4. Based on the instantaneous phase shift, calculate the coordinates of the impact point where the projectile passes through the laser sensing surface. Once the disturbance event is confirmed, this step is executed immediately to calculate the precise spatial location of the impact point. To achieve high-precision positioning, this step employs a weighted centroid positioning algorithm.

[0066] First, within the effective data time window determined by S3, the instantaneous phase offset data of all affected channels are traversed, and the corresponding peak phase offset A is found for each channel i. peak (i). This peak reflects the maximum intensity of the impact of the projectile's wake on the channel.

[0067] Subsequently, using the peak phase shifts of all channels and their known physical spatial locations, the horizontal coordinate X of the projectile passing through the laser sensing surface was calculated. p and vertical coordinate Y p This calculation is defined by the following formula: Where j and k are the channel indices of the vertical and horizontal laser beams, respectively, and M and N are the total number of channels in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. j and y k W(·) represents the pre-calibrated physical position of each laser beam in the sensing surface coordinate system. W(·) is a preset weighting function that gives a greater weight to the channel with stronger signal response (i.e., larger peak phase shift) in the centroid calculation, thereby making the positioning result more accurately close to the energy center.

[0068] The function maps the physical measurement value (peak phase shift) to a weighting coefficient that reflects the importance of the measurement value. In essence, it is a monotonically increasing function that is positively correlated with the input signal strength.

[0069] In one of the most straightforward implementations, the weighting function can be linearly weighted, i.e., W(A) = A. In this mode, the weight of each channel is directly proportional to the magnitude of its contribution's peak phase shift. This approach aligns with the physical intuition that stronger signals and closer proximity should result in a greater contribution, and it is also the simplest to implement.

[0070] To further improve positioning accuracy, especially in suppressing weak signals or background noise interference from distant locations, this invention preferably employs a nonlinear weighting function. For example, a power function weighting can be used, such as W(A) = A k (where the power exponent k>1). By choosing an appropriate exponent k, the weight of the strong signal channel can be significantly amplified, while the contribution of the weak signal channel can be effectively suppressed, so that the calculated centroid position can converge more accurately to the actual energy center.

[0071] The specific form of the weighting function (e.g., whether to choose a linear or power function, and the specific value of the exponent k) can be ultimately determined during the calibration phase before the system leaves the factory, through fitting and optimization using a large amount of experimental data. The goal of calibration is to minimize the positioning error under various preset projectile types and target penetration positions.

[0072] S5. Output the coordinates of the impact point. This step is the final execution step of this target reporting method. The two-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, C) of the impact point are calculated in S4. p ,Y p After that, the system formats the coordinate data.

[0073] Subsequently, the formatted bullet impact point coordinates are sent to an external device via a standard data communication interface, such as a serial port, Ethernet, or wireless communication module. This external device can be a graphical user interface terminal for real-time on-site display, a central data recording system for data storage and subsequent analysis, or an integrated shooting training management platform. This step completes the entire closed loop from the perception of physical phenomena to the presentation of the final result.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the method may further include a diagnostic step for the projectile's flight state after step S4. This step extracts multiple feature parameters, such as peak amplitude and disturbance duration, from instantaneous phase shift data to form a feature vector. Then, by performing pattern matching (e.g., calculating Mahalanobis distance) with a reference model in an expert knowledge base, the projectile's flight state (e.g., stable, tumbling) is diagnosed, and this diagnostic result is output along with the impact point coordinates, thereby providing richer firing information.

Claims

1. A high precision central control target reporting system, characterized in that, The application comprises: a signal generation module configured to form a laser sensing plane behind a target surface by means of a laser phase-shift interference array, and to generate a corresponding phase signal caused by air refractive index change triggered by a transient wake of a projectile when the projectile passes through the laser sensing plane; a phase demodulation module configured to demodulate the phase signal in real time to obtain an instantaneous phase shift representing the transient wake of the projectile; a processing module configured to determine occurrence of a disturbance event in response to the instantaneous phase shift, to calculate a point of impact coordinate of the projectile passing through the laser sensing plane based on the instantaneous phase shift, and to output the point of impact coordinate.

2. The high precision central control target reporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing module is configured to calculate the point of impact coordinate by: determining peak phase shifts of multiple channels in the laser phase-shift interference array; adopting a weighted centroid positioning algorithm to calculate the point of impact coordinate based on the peak phase shifts of the multiple channels and their physical positions in the laser sensing plane.

3. The high precision central control target reporting system according to claim 2, wherein, The processing module further comprises: extracting multiple characteristic parameters representing physical characteristics of the transient wake based on the instantaneous phase shift; combining the multiple characteristic parameters to construct a phase disturbance characteristic vector.

4. The high precision centralized control target reporting system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multiple characteristic parameters comprise at least two of peak amplitude, disturbance duration, waveform skewness, signal energy, and spatial spread.

5. The high precision centralized control target reporting system according to claim 3, wherein, The processing module further comprises: performing pattern matching between the phase disturbance characteristic vector and a reference characteristic vector corresponding to a known projectile flight state stored in an expert knowledge base; diagnosing a projectile flight state of the current shot based on a result of the pattern matching.

6. The high precision central control target reporting system according to claim 5, wherein, The processing module is configured to perform the pattern matching by adopting Mahalanobis distance, and the calculation method is limited to: wherein, V represents the phase disturbance characteristic vector; C m is a known projectile flight state; V ref,m a reference feature vector corresponding to the known projectile flight state C m ; S m For the known projectile flight state C m The corresponding feature covariance matrix; T represents a matrix transposition operation; representing the inverse of the feature covariance matrix.

7. The high precision centralized control target reporting system according to claim 5, wherein, The known projectile flight states stored in the expert knowledge base comprise a stable flight state, an unstable tumbling state, and a warhead breaking state.

8. The high precision central control target reporting system according to claim 1, wherein, The processing module determines the occurrence of the disturbance event by comparing the absolute value of the instantaneous phase shift with a preset phase shift trigger threshold Φ thresh to determine the occurrence of the disturbance event.

9. The high precision central control target reporting system according to claim 1, wherein, The laser phase-shift interference array in the signal generation module comprises a set of horizontal laser beams and a set of vertical laser beams, which are arranged orthogonally to form the laser sensing plane.

10. A high precision central control target reporting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The application comprises the following steps: S1: forming a laser sensing plane behind a target surface by means of a laser phase-shift interference array, and generating a corresponding phase signal when a projectile passes through the laser sensing plane; S2: demodulating the phase signal in real time to obtain an instantaneous phase shift representing a transient wake of the projectile; S3: determining occurrence of a disturbance event in response to the instantaneous phase shift; S4: calculating a point of impact coordinate of the projectile passing through the laser sensing plane based on the instantaneous phase shift; S5: outputting the point of impact coordinate.

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