Artificial lorenus kettle electric field sensor and preparation and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial lorenus kettle electric field sensor and a preparation and application method thereof.The artificial lorenus kettle electric field sensor comprises an upper electrode, a lorenus kettle array, a lower electrode and a metal current collector, and the lorenus kettle array comprises a filling body and a plurality of lorenus kettles in the filling body; each lorenus kettle comprises a kettle tube and a kettle belly which are communicated with each other as well as a lower electrode and a metal current collector which are positioned at the bottom of the kettle belly, the kettle tube and the kettle belly are filled with conductive gel, and the conductive gel is electronegative so as to be used for attracting and gathering positive ions in seawater and transferring and transporting the positive ions to the lower electrode; and the lower electrode and the cations are subjected to pseudocapacitance reaction, so that the output capacitance value is changed to respond to the change of an external electric field. The invention aims to realize underwater weak electric field sensing, solve the difficulty in improving the resolution of the existing mobile electric field sensor, endow an underwater mobile platform with nV / m electric field sensing capability, and provide key technical support for supporting and constructing large-range mobile ocean weak electric field continuous detection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of underwater electric field sensing, and particularly relates to an artificial Lawrence flask electric field sensor and a preparation and application method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The underwater electric field sensor can be carried on an underwater mobile platform such as an unmanned underwater vehicle, has the advantages of strong maneuverability and wide detection range, and has important application value in the fields of marine oil and gas exploration, seabed mineral exploration, underwater target detection and the like. At present, the underwater mobile electric field sensor is usually divided into reversible electrodes and inert electrodes according to the electrode material. Among them, the reversible electrodes include Hg / Hg2Cl2, Pb / PbCl2 and Ag / AgCl electrodes, which mainly rely on the reversible oxidation-reduction reaction between the electrode and seawater to cause the potential of the electrode to change. The inert electrode is generally carbon fiber, which converts the change of the external electric field into the potential difference between the electrode pairs by using the double electric layer on the surface to adsorb the charged ions in the external environment. Both of the above two types of sensors need to establish an electrochemical balance with seawater, which makes it difficult to establish an electrochemical balance when the sensor moves relative to seawater, resulting in an increase in dynamic noise, electrode difference and other indicators, and affecting the resolution of the sensor. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present application aims to provide an artificial Lawrence flask electric field sensor and a preparation and application method thereof, and to realize underwater weak electric field sensing, solve the problem of improving the resolution of the existing mobile electric field sensor, and endow the underwater mobile platform with nV / m electric field sensing capability, thereby providing key technical support for supporting the construction of large-scale, mobile ocean weak electric field continuous detection.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: An artificial Lawrence flask electric field sensor, comprising an upper electrode, a Lawrence flask array, a lower electrode and a metal current collector, the Lawrence flask array comprises a filling body and a plurality of Lawrence flasks located inside the filling body, each Lawrence flask comprises a flask tube and a flask abdomen which are in communication with each other, and a lower electrode and a metal current collector located at the bottom of the flask abdomen, the upper electrode is arranged at the top of the flask tube, the lower electrode is made of a pseudo-capacitance material and is coated on the metal current collector to electrically connect and conduct with the metal current collector, the inside of the flask tube and the flask abdomen is filled with conductive gel, the conductive gel is negatively charged to attract and transfer cations in seawater to the lower electrode, so that the lower electrode and the cations have a pseudo-capacitance reaction to cause the output capacitance value to change in response to the change of the external electric field.

[0005] Optionally, the upper electrode is activated carbon cloth or hydrophobic carbon cloth.

[0006] Optionally, the filling body of the Lawrence flask array is silica gel or resin material.

[0007] Optionally, the conductive gel is a high proton conductivity conductive gel, and the high proton conductivity conductive gel includes part or all of chondroitin sulfate-based gel, glycosaminoglycan-based gel, and lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide-based gel.

[0008] Optionally, the pseudo-capacitive material includes part or all of MXene and molybdenum sulfide.

[0009] Optionally, the Lawrence cup array is mounted in a package, a bottom of the package is provided with a detection circuit, and metal current collectors of all the Lawrence cups in the Lawrence cup array are respectively electrically connected to the detection circuit.

[0010] Optionally, the package is mounted on a detection carrier, and the detection carrier is an underwater mobile device, an underwater fixed object, or a floating object. The package is directly mounted on the detection carrier or is mounted on the detection carrier through a connecting component, and the connecting component is a connecting rod, a connecting frame, or a connecting rope.

[0011] A preparation method of the artificial Lawrence cup electric field sensor, including the following steps: preparing a filling body of the Lawrence cup array to realize the shaping of each Lawrence cup; filling the conductive gel into the Lawrence cup; fixing the upper electrode on the Lawrence cup array by using a hot press forming process; coating the pseudo-capacitive material on the metal current collector of each Lawrence cup to make the lower electrode; electrically connecting the metal current collectors of all the Lawrence cups to the detection circuit; assembling the Lawrence cup, the detection circuit, and the package and performing waterproof and pressure-resistant treatment, so as to obtain the prepared artificial Lawrence cup electric field sensor.

[0012] An application method of the artificial Lawrence cup electric field sensor, including the following steps: S101, acquiring the detection signal of each Lawrence cup in the artificial Lawrence cup electric field sensor; S102, inputting the normalized detection signal of each Lawrence cup into a pre-trained machine learning model, so as to obtain the device type, the direction, and the distance of the underwater target device; the machine learning model is pre-trained to establish the mapping relationship between the normalized detection signal of each Lawrence cup and the device type, the direction, and the distance of the underwater target device.

[0013] The detection signal of each Lawrence cup in step S101 includes part or all of the capacitance change amount, the signal frequency, the three-dimensional coordinates of the Lawrence cup, and the signal acquisition timestamp, and the device type of the underwater target device includes an underwater mobile target, a seabed static target, and an ocean environment electric field anomaly source.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application mainly has the following beneficial effects: the Lorenz's pot electric receptor is a special electric field receptor organ of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks and skates, and is the highest resolution electric field sensitive organ in nature. In the 1-20 Hz frequency band, it has an ultra-high electric field resolution of nV / m level, and can sensitively sense the muscle electric potential changes of prey several kilometers away. The Lorenz's pot electric receptor is distributed in the head and local snout of sharks and skates, and is composed of many Lorenz's pots with a length of only about 250 μm. 2 Inspired by the Lorenz's pot electric receptor, the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor of the present application can sense underwater weak electric field by utilizing the local electric field distortion of the Lorenz's pot structure and the cation aggregation of the high-proton conductivity conductive gel in the pot, can solve the problem of resolution improvement of the existing mobile electric field sensor, endows the underwater mobile platform with nV / m electric field sensing capability, can be used in seabed array, carried on floating or underwater mobile platform, has the advantages of high resolution and low noise, and can provide key technical support for supporting the construction of large-scale and mobile ocean weak electric field continuous detection. The artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor of the present application is convenient to store and transport, and has no special requirements for the environment. The physical and chemical properties of the sensor are stable, and the sensor is not consumed in use. Theoretically, there is no upper limit to the use time. The sensor has good stability, and after being put into use, the stable time is extremely short, the difference between the static and dynamic drift amounts is small, the static and dynamic noises are low, and the resolution is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional partial cross-sectional structure of the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor in the embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the Lorenz's pot in the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the Lorenz's pot in the embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the first detection carrier of the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor in the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second detection carrier of the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor in the embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the third detection carrier of the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor in the embodiment of the present application.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional partial cross-sectional structure of the artificial Lorenz's pot electric field sensor in the embodiment of the present application. 1, upper electrode; 2, pot tube; 3, pot abdomen; 4, lower electrode; 5, metal current collector; 6, packaging body; 7, detection circuit; 9, detection carrier. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor in this embodiment includes an upper electrode 1, a Lawrence pot array, a lower electrode 4, and a metal current collector 5. The Lawrence pot array includes a filling body and multiple Lawrence pots located inside the filling body for acquiring weak electric field signals in the ocean. Each Lawrence pot includes an interconnected pot tube 2 and a pot belly 3, and a lower electrode 4 and a metal current collector 5 located at the bottom of the pot belly 3. The upper electrode 1 is arranged at the top of the pot tube 2, and the lower electrode 4 is made of pseudocapacitive material and coated on the metal current collector 5 for electrical connection and conduction. The pot tube 2 and the pot belly 3 are filled with conductive gel. Figure 3 As shown, the conductive gel is negatively charged to specifically attract and aggregate H+ in seawater. + Na + The isocations are transferred and transported to the lower electrode 4, so that the lower electrode 4 is in contact with H+. + Na + The pseudocapacitive reaction of cations causes a change in the output capacitance value in response to changes in the external electric field. When the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor senses weak underwater electric field signals, the underwater electric field is often accompanied by the regular movement of surrounding seawater ions. The spatial occupancy of the pot tube 2 and the pot belly 3 alters the original electric field line distribution, causing distortion of the surrounding local electric field and producing a certain degree of electric field amplification. The high proton conductivity conductive gel filling the Lawrence pot specifically adsorbs H₂ from seawater. + Na + The ampulla 3 is enriched with positive ions by using cations; the pseudocapacitive electrode material reacts with the high concentration of cations in the ampulla 3 via a pseudocapacitive reaction, enabling a sensitive response to weak underwater electric field signals. The conductive gel is negatively charged and can accumulate positively charged ions in the ampulla 3. The lower electrode 4 is located at the bottom of the ampulla, efficiently adsorbing the positively charged ions accumulated in the ampulla 3 and generating a pseudocapacitive reaction, which are then discharged using the metal current collector 5 below.

[0024] The upper electrode 1 can be activated carbon cloth or hydrophobic carbon cloth.

[0025] The filler of the Lawrence pot array is made of silicone or resin material.

[0026] The conductive gel is a high proton conductivity conductive gel, which includes some or all of the following: chondroitin sulfate-based gel, glycosaminoglycan-based gel, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-based gel.

[0027] The pseudocapacitive materials include some or all of MXene and molybdenum sulfide.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the Lawrence kettle array is installed in the encapsulation body 6. A detection circuit 7 is located at the bottom of the encapsulation body 6. The encapsulation body 6 provides waterproof and pressure-resistant protection for the Lawrence kettles and the detection circuit 7. The metal current collectors 5 of each Lawrence kettle in the array are electrically connected to the detection circuit 7. The encapsulation body 6 can be made of polylactic acid (PLA) material using a 3D printing method, resulting in good waterproof and pressure-resistant capabilities and avoiding the influence of weak external electric fields.

[0029] As an optional implementation, the detection circuit 7 includes a signal amplification and acquisition module and a data processing and analysis module. The signal amplification and acquisition module amplifies, conditions, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the received electric field signal before transmitting it to the data processing and analysis module. The data processing and analysis module analyzes the received electric field signal using intelligent algorithms to determine the equipment type, orientation, and distance of the underwater target device, and stores the original electric field data and processing results. Alternatively, the detection circuit 7 can also employ a signal amplification and acquisition module and a transmitter to send the electric field signal to a backend for processing and storage.

[0030] The encapsulation body 6 is mounted on the detection carrier 9, which can be an underwater mobile device, a fixed underwater object, or a floating object. The encapsulation body 6 is directly mounted on the detection carrier 9 or mounted on the detection carrier 9 via connecting components, such as connecting rods, connecting frames, or connecting ropes. This embodiment of the artificial Lawrence kettle electric field sensor has a wide range of applications, including scenarios requiring dynamic detection of underwater electric field signals, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the detection carrier 9 can be an underwater mobile device. The artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor of this embodiment is attached to the surface of the underwater mobile device, responding to weak underwater electric fields during movement, achieving large-scale, high-precision underwater electric field detection. This artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor can be flexibly attached to the surface of mobile platforms such as underwater vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles, or ships, moving with the platform. During movement, the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor can continuously and in real-time capture and respond to weak underwater electric field signals, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional static point measurement ranges. Through the path coverage of the moving platform, the system can perform scanning detection of the electric field distribution in a wide area of ​​water, achieving large-scale spatial coverage while maintaining high sensitivity and high-precision measurement of weak signals, thus significantly improving the efficiency and capability of underwater dynamic electric field detection.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the detection carrier 9 can be a fixed underwater object, such as in nearshore or port areas. The artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor of this embodiment can be deployed on the seabed to form a detection array, enabling long-term, continuous monitoring of weak electric fields within a specific area. In the seabed environment, the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor of this embodiment can be deployed in a distributed manner to construct a high-density, gridded sensor array on the seabed. Each node of this sensor array continuously collects and senses weak underwater electric field signals within the designated area. This static, long-term deployment mode is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring continuous monitoring of specific key areas.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, the detection carrier 9 can be a floating object. For example, in open sea areas, the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor of this embodiment can be mounted on a floating platform to form a distributed monitoring network for continuous and extensive observation of electric field changes in the target sea area. In scenarios involving large-scale monitoring in open sea areas, the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor of this embodiment can be integrated onto multiple ocean buoys, drifting platforms, or dedicated monitoring floats to construct a distributed, mobile monitoring network covering a wide area. Each node can drift with ocean currents or be semi-fixed through mooring, forming observation coverage of the target sea area, thereby achieving wide-area, synchronous, and long-term monitoring of the marine environmental electric field background and anomalous signals.

[0033] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a method for fabricating the aforementioned artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor, comprising the following steps: The filling material for the Lawrence pot array is prepared to form each Lawrence pot; conductive gel is filled into the interior of the Lawrence pot; the upper electrode 1 is fixed to the Lawrence pot array using a hot pressing process; pseudocapacitive material is coated on the metal current collector 5 of each Lawrence pot to make the lower electrode 4; the metal current collector 5 at the bottom of all Lawrence pots is electrically connected to the detection circuit 7; the Lawrence pot, the detection circuit 7 and the encapsulation body 6 are assembled and waterproofed and pressure-resistant to obtain the prepared artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor. Specifically, for example, in this embodiment, the filler of the Lawrence pot array is prepared by high-precision 3D printing using photocurable resin to achieve the shaping of each Lawrence pot. High proton conductivity conductive gel is filled into the Lawrence pot using ultrasonic-driven injection. The upper electrode 1 is fixed to the Lawrence pot using a thermoforming process. The surface of the metal current collector 5 is coated with the lower electrode 4 and aligned with the belly of the Lawrence pot. The upper electrode 1 and lower electrode 4 of the Lawrence pot are connected to the detection circuit 7. The encapsulation body 6 is made of PLA material using a 3D printing process. The encapsulation body 6 is assembled with the Lawrence pot and the detection circuit 7 and waterproofed and pressure-resistant, thereby obtaining the prepared artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor.

[0034] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a method for applying the aforementioned artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor, including the following steps: S101, acquire the detection signals of each Lawrence pot in the artificial Lawrence pot electric field sensor; S102, after normalizing the detection signals of each Lawrence pot, input them into the pre-trained machine learning model to obtain the device type, orientation, and distance of the underwater target device; the machine learning model is pre-trained to establish the mapping relationship between the normalized detection signals of each Lawrence pot and the device type, orientation, and distance of the underwater target device.

[0035] The detection signals of each Lawrence pot in step S101 include: the capacitance change of each Lawrence pot, the signal frequency, the three-dimensional coordinates of the Lawrence pot, part or all of the signal acquisition timestamp, the normalized detection signals of each Lawrence pot, and the detection principle of the mapping relationship between the underwater target device type, orientation, and distance is as follows: the capacitance change and spatial coordinates are mapped to the target orientation and distance through the spatial attenuation characteristics of the electric field, the signal frequency and amplitude are distinguished by the target electric field generation mechanism, and the timestamp helps to correct the positioning accuracy of the moving target.

[0036] As an optional implementation, the equipment types of underwater target devices include underwater moving targets, seabed static targets, and sources of abnormal electric fields in the marine environment.

[0037] The machine learning model can be chosen as needed, such as a neural network model. For example, as an optional implementation, a lightweight neural network structure can be used, including an input layer, a feature extraction unit, and an output layer. The input layer is used to input the normalized detection signals of each Lawrence pot (capacitance change, signal frequency, 3D coordinates of the Lawrence pot, and signal acquisition timestamp). The feature extraction unit uses cascaded multi-level deep separable convolutions. The output layer includes multiple branches, one classification branch for predicting the type of underwater target equipment, and two regression branches for predicting the location and distance of the underwater target equipment, respectively.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor, characterized by, The artificial Lawrence's pot electric field sensor comprises an upper electrode (1), a Lawrence's pot array, a lower electrode (4) and a metal current collector (5), the Lawrence's pot array comprises a filling body and a plurality of Lawrence's pots arranged in the filling body, each Lawrence's pot comprises a pot tube (2) and a pot belly (3) in communication with each other, and the lower electrode (4) and the metal current collector (5) are arranged at the bottom of the pot belly (3), the upper electrode (1) is arranged at the top of the pot tube (2), the lower electrode (4) is made of a pseudo-capacitance material and is coated on the metal current collector (5) to be electrically connected with the metal current collector (5), the pot tube (2) and the pot belly (3) are filled with a conductive gel, the conductive gel is negatively charged to attract and transfer cations in seawater to the lower electrode (4), so that the lower electrode (4) and the cations have a pseudo-capacitance reaction to change the output capacitance value to respond to the change of the external electric field.

2. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein, The upper electrode (1) is activated carbon cloth or hydrophobic carbon cloth.

3. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein, The filling body of the Lawrence's pot array is a silica gel or a resin material.

4. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein, The conductive gel is a high-proton conductivity conductive gel, and the high-proton conductivity conductive gel comprises part or all of chondroitin sulfate-based gel, glycosaminoglycan-based gel and lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide-based gel.

5. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein, The pseudo-capacitance material comprises part or all of MXene and molybdenum sulfide.

6. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 1, wherein, The Lawrence's pot array is installed in a packaging body (6), the bottom of the packaging body (6) is provided with a detection circuit (7), and the metal current collectors (5) of all the Lawrence's pots in the Lawrence's pot array are respectively electrically connected with the detection circuit (7).

7. The artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor of claim 6, wherein, The packaging body (6) is installed on a detection carrier (9), the detection carrier (9) is an underwater mobile device, an underwater fixed object or a floating object, and the packaging body (6) is directly installed on the detection carrier (9) or is installed on the detection carrier (9) through a connecting component, and the connecting component is a connecting rod, a connecting frame or a connecting rope.

8. A method of making an artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised by, The artificial Lawrence's pot electric field sensor comprises the following steps: preparing a filling body of a Lawrence's pot array to realize the shaping of each Lawrence's pot; filling a conductive gel into the Lawrence's pot; fixing an upper electrode (1) on the Lawrence's pot array by using a hot press forming process; coating a pseudo-capacitance material on the metal current collector (5) of each Lawrence's pot to make a lower electrode (4); electrically connecting the metal current collectors (5) of all the Lawrence's pots with a detection circuit (7) respectively; assembling the Lawrence's pots, the detection circuit (7) and the packaging body (6) and performing waterproof and pressure-resistant treatment, so as to obtain a prepared artificial Lawrence's pot electric field sensor.

9. A method of using the artificial Lawrence's flask electric field sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The artificial Lawrence's pot electric field sensor comprises the following steps: S101, acquiring detection signals of each Lawrence's pot in the artificial Lawrence's pot electric field sensor; S102, inputting the detection signals of each Lawrence's pot into a pre-trained machine learning model after normalization, so as to obtain the device type, direction and distance of the underwater target device; The machine learning model is pre-trained to establish the mapping relationship between the detection signals of each Lawrence's pot after normalization, the device type, direction and distance of the underwater target device.

10. The method of using a Lawrence Nolly artificial electric field sensor according to claim 9, wherein, The detection signal of each Lawrence kettle in step S101 includes part or all of the following: the capacitance change amount of each Lawrence kettle, the signal frequency, the three-dimensional coordinates of the Lawrence kettle, and the signal collection timestamp. The device type of the underwater target device includes underwater moving targets, seabed static targets, and marine environmental electric field anomaly sources.

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