Cultivation management method for promoting growth of fructus amomi

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation management method for promoting growth of fructus amomi, and relates to the technical field of fructus amomi planting.The cultivation management method includes the steps that decomposed manure, broad bean vine fermentation materials, biochar, completely gelatinized starch, verticillium lecanii leavening agents, calcium superphosphate, urea and the like are adopted for preparing solid fertilizer, and fertilization management is conducted in spring and autumn. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the growth of the stems of the fructus amomi is effectively guaranteed, early flowering and fruiting of the fructus amomi are further promoted, and the economic value of artificial planting of the fructus amomi is comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cardamom cultivation technology, specifically to a cultivation and management method for promoting cardamom growth. Background Technology

[0002] Amomum villosum is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Amomum in the ginger family. It is one of the "Four Great Southern Chinese Herbs" and a primary medicine in traditional Chinese medicine for "resolving dampness and invigorating the spleen." It has a history of being used as both food and medicine in my country for over 1300 years. It is a raw material for many traditional Chinese medicines and health products, with wide applications and high market demand. Currently, most Amomum villosum on the market is artificially cultivated.

[0003] Amomum villosum is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It can be cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces of my country. Amomum villosum prefers to grow in well-shaded and humid environments, typically planted under evergreen broad-leaved forests. It is a typical subtropical understory economic crop. The specific ecological requirements, narrow suitable growing environment, and lack of scientific management techniques severely restrict the increase in yield per unit area and the improvement of quality. Amomum villosum generally flowers and bears fruit in the third year after planting. Although two-year-old Amomum villosum plants do flower and bear fruit, the overall yield is low, generally less than 0.5 kg per clump. Therefore, how to scientifically and rationally cultivate and manage Amomum villosum to promote its growth and ensure early flowering and fruiting is an important research direction at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a cultivation and management method that promotes the growth of Amomum villosum, effectively ensuring the growth of Amomum villosum stems and further promoting early flowering and fruiting, thereby comprehensively enhancing the economic value of artificially cultivated Amomum villosum.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A cultivation and management method for promoting the growth of Amomum villosum, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Density Management: After the Amomum villosum is planted, weeding should be carried out in spring and autumn, and weak plants with poor development should be removed in time. At the same time, the density of each Amomum villosum clump should be controlled to 3-5 plants. S2. Prepare solid fertilizer according to the following weight parts: 40-50 parts of well-rotted manure, 10-15 parts of fermented broad bean vine material, 2-4 parts of biochar, 2-4 parts of fully gelatinized starch, 0.8-1.2 parts of Verticillium leucopsis fermentation agent, 2-4 parts of superphosphate, and 3-5 parts of urea. The fermented broad bean vine material is prepared by soaking the mature broad bean vines in an ethanol solution, then pressing and filtering them. The filter residue is fermented with yeast and Bacillus subtilis. The *Verticillium praecox* fermentation agent is obtained by inoculating *Verticillium praecox* into a PDA liquid culture medium containing crushed oak leaves, culturing for 5-7 days, filtering, and then freeze-drying the filtrate.

[0006] S3. Fertilizer application: Apply solid fertilizer to the cardamom once each in spring and autumn, and water it once after applying the solid fertilizer. S4. Shading rate management: Control the shading rate to 60%-80% according to the planting time of Amomum villosum.

[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the solid fertilizer includes the following steps: S1-1. Add the Verticillium praecox fermentation agent to 20-40 times the volume of water, then add biochar, stir at 1200-1400 r / min for 15-20 min, then add fully gelatinized starch, stir evenly at 200-600 r / min, then dry at 35-45℃ and pulverize to obtain the mixture. S1-2. After thoroughly mixing the mixture with well-rotted manure, fermented broad bean vines, superphosphate, and urea, extrude and granulate to obtain solid fertilizer.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented broad bean vine material includes the following steps: S2-1. Wash the fresh broad bean vines and cut them into sections. Place them in a steamer and steam them at 102-105℃ for 20-30 minutes. The cooked material is then removed and set aside. S2-2. Soak the matured material in a 75% ethanol solution at a water bath temperature of 50-60℃ for 30-40 minutes, then press and filter. Rinse the filter residue with clean water and grind it into a slurry to obtain the slurry for later use. S2-3. Inoculate the slurry with yeast and treat it under aerobic conditions for 2-4 hours. Then adjust to an anaerobic environment and continue fermentation for 6-8 hours to obtain the first fermented material for later use. S2-4. Inoculate the first fermentation material with Bacillus subtilis, adjust the aerobic environment and continue fermentation for 12-16 hours to obtain the second fermentation material. S2-5. After drying the second fermentation material, crush it to obtain broad bean vine fermentation material.

[0009] Preferably, the amount of yeast inoculated in steps S2-3 is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the slurry.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of Bacillus subtilis inoculated in steps S2-4 is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the slurry.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the *Verticillium chrysogenum* fermentation agent includes the following steps: (1) Add 10-15 g / L of oak leaf powder to PDA liquid culture medium, then sterilize to obtain sterilized culture medium for later use; (2) After the activated liquid of Verticillium vesicatoria is inoculated into sterile culture medium, it is cultured on a shaker for 5-7 days, then filtered, and the filtrate is freeze-dried to obtain Verticillium vesicatoria fermentation agent.

[0012] Preferably, the oak leaf powder is obtained by microwaving oak leaves and then crushing them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the *Verticillium clavatum* activation solution is prepared by inoculating *Verticillium clavatum* into PDA liquid culture medium and activating it to a bacterial count of 10. 8 -10 10 The concentration was g / L, and then inoculated into sterile culture medium at an inoculation rate of 1 mL / 100 mL. The medium was then cultured in the dark on a shaker at 120 r / min at 25 °C.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the amount of solid fertilizer applied in spring is 500-800 kg / mu, and the amount of solid fertilizer applied in autumn is 300-380 kg / mu.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the shading rate is controlled at 70%-80% when the cardamom is in the seedling stage and at 60%-70% when the cardamom is in the flowering and fruiting stage.

[0016] This invention provides a cultivation and management method for promoting the growth of Amomum villosum, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: Solid fertilizers prepared using decomposed manure, fermented broad bean vines, biochar, fully gelatinized starch, Verticillium chrysogenum fermentation agent, superphosphate, and urea effectively promote the early growth of Amomum villosum, enabling two-year-old Amomum villosum to flower and bear fruit with a certain yield. At the same time, it prevents excessive vegetative growth of Amomum villosum, promotes the accumulation of biomass while ensuring a certain height of Amomum villosum, increases stem diameter, effectively achieves flowering and fruiting of Amomum villosum, promotes high yield, and improves the economic benefits of artificial cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the flowering of Amomum villosum planted in Group 1 in May 2024, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the flowering of Amomum villosum planted in Group 1 in May 2025, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the stem growth of each group of Amomum villosum planted in April 2024 in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the stem growth of each group of Amomum villosum planted in April 2025 in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The yeast used below was purchased from Wuhan Ruichen Standardization Technology Co., Ltd. (live count 10). 10 (pieces / g) Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Shanghai Huzheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (live count 10). 9 (pieces / g) Verticillium wax scale was purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (live count: 10). 9 (Cells / g), before use, inoculate *Verticillium clade* into PDA liquid medium and culture until the bacterial count in the medium reaches 10. 9 g / L, to obtain the activated solution of Verticillium wax scale; Fully gelatinized starch is obtained by mixing corn starch with water, treating it at 80°C for 1 hour, and then drying it. The biochar was 80-mesh rice husk biochar, purchased from Henan Yetan Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd. Well-rotted manure refers to well-rotted chicken manure from farmhouses; The oak leaf powder is made by microwave drying oak leaves to a constant weight and then pulverizing them through an 80-mesh sieve. The method for preparing PDA liquid culture medium is as follows: boil 200g of peeled potatoes in water until soft, filter, add 20g of glucose to the filtrate, then add water to make up to 1L, and sterilize at 121℃ for 20 minutes. The sterile culture medium was prepared by adding 12g of crushed oak leaves to 1L of PDA liquid culture medium and then sterilizing it at 121℃ for 20 minutes.

[0020] Preparation of experimental materials: 1. Preparation of fermentation material: 1.1 Preparation of Fermentation Material 1: (1) Wash the fresh broad bean vines and cut them into sections (2-3cm). Place them in a steamer and steam them at 102℃ for 30 minutes. Then take out the cooked material for later use. (2) Soak the matured material in a 75% ethanol solution at a water bath temperature of 55℃ for 35 minutes, then press and filter it. Rinse the filter residue with water and grind it into a slurry to obtain the slurry for later use. (3) Inoculate the slurry with 0.2% of the total mass of yeast and treat it under aerobic conditions for 3 hours. Then adjust to an anaerobic environment and continue fermentation for 7 hours to obtain the first fermented material for later use. (4) Inoculate the first fermentation material with 0.3% of the total mass of Bacillus subtilis, adjust the aerobic environment and continue fermentation for 15 hours to obtain the second fermentation material; (5) Dry the second fermentation material and then crush it to obtain fermentation material 1.

[0021] 1.2 Preparation of Fermentation Material 2: (1) Wash the fresh broad bean vines and grind them into a paste to obtain a paste for later use; (2) Inoculate the slurry with 0.2% of the total mass of yeast and treat it under aerobic conditions for 3 hours. Then adjust to an anaerobic environment and continue fermentation for 7 hours to obtain the first fermented material for later use. (3) Inoculate the first fermentation material with 0.3% of the total mass of Bacillus subtilis, adjust the aerobic environment and continue fermentation for 15 hours to obtain the second fermentation material; (4) The second fermentation material is dried and then crushed to obtain fermentation material 2.

[0022] 1.3 Preparation of Fermentation Material 3: (1) Wash the fresh pea vines and cut them into sections (2-3cm). Place them in a steamer and steam at 102℃ for 30 minutes. Then take out the cooked material for later use. (2) Soak the matured material in a 75% ethanol solution at a water bath temperature of 55℃ for 35 minutes, then press and filter it. Rinse the filter residue with water and grind it into a slurry to obtain the slurry for later use. (3) Inoculate the slurry with 0.2% of the total mass of yeast and treat it under aerobic conditions for 3 hours. Then adjust to an anaerobic environment and continue fermentation for 7 hours to obtain the first fermented material for later use. (4) Inoculate the first fermentation material with 0.3% of the total mass of Bacillus subtilis, adjust the aerobic environment and continue fermentation for 15 hours to obtain the second fermentation material; (5) Dry the second fermentation material and then crush it to obtain fermentation material 3.

[0023] 2. Preparation of Verticillium wax scale fermentation agent: 2.1 Preparation of Fermentation Agent 1: The activated filtrate of Verticillium leuciscus was inoculated into sterile culture medium at an inoculation rate of 1 mL / 100 mL. The medium was then cultured in the dark at 25°C on a shaker at 120 r / min for 7 days. After filtration, the filtrate was freeze-dried to obtain fermentation agent 1.

[0024] 2.2 Preparation of Fermentation Agent 2: The activated filtrate of Verticillium chrysogenum was inoculated into PDA liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 1 mL / 100 mL. The medium was then cultured in the dark at 25°C on a shaker at 120 r / min for 7 days. After filtration, the filtrate was freeze-dried to obtain fermentation agent 2. Example 1:

[0025] Preparation of solid fertilizers: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight parts: 40 parts of well-rotted manure, 10 parts of fermented material, 2 parts of biochar, 2 parts of fully gelatinized starch, 0.8 parts of fermentation agent, 2 parts of superphosphate, and 3 parts of urea; (2) Add the fermentation agent to 30 times the volume of water, then add biochar, stir at 1200 r / min for 20 min, then add fully gelatinized starch, stir evenly at 400 r / min, then dry at 40℃ and pulverize to obtain the mixture; (3) After thoroughly mixing the mixture with composted manure, fermented material, superphosphate and urea, the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain solid fertilizer.

[0026] Following the above preparation method, different solid fertilizers were prepared according to the selection of fermentation material and fermentation agent in Table 1 below: Table 1 Example 2:

[0027] Preparation of solid fertilizers: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight parts: 50 parts of well-rotted manure, 15 parts of fermented material, 4 parts of biochar, 4 parts of fully gelatinized starch, 1.2 parts of fermentation agent, 4 parts of superphosphate, and 5 parts of urea. (2) Add the fermentation agent to 30 times the volume of water, then add biochar, stir at 1200 r / min for 20 min, then add fully gelatinized starch, stir evenly at 400 r / min, then dry at 40℃ and pulverize to obtain the mixture; (3) After thoroughly mixing the mixture with the decomposed manure, fermented material, superphosphate and urea, the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain fertilizer 5.

[0028] The above-mentioned fermentation material is selected as fermentation material 1, and the fermentation agent is selected as fermentation agent 1. Comparative Example 1:

[0029] Preparation of solid fertilizers: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight parts: 65 parts of well-rotted manure, 4 parts of biochar, 4 parts of fully gelatinized starch, 1.2 parts of fermentation agent, 4 parts of superphosphate, and 5 parts of urea; (2) Add the fermentation agent to 30 times the volume of water, then add biochar, stir at 1200 r / min for 20 min, then add fully gelatinized starch, stir evenly at 400 r / min, then dry at 40℃ and pulverize to obtain the mixture; (3) After thoroughly mixing the mixture with well-rotted manure, superphosphate and urea, the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain fertilizer 6.

[0030] The above-mentioned fermentation agent is selected as fermentation agent 1. Comparative Example 2:

[0031] Preparation of solid fertilizers: (1) Prepare the materials according to the following weight parts: 75 parts of well-rotted manure, 4 parts of superphosphate, and 5 parts of urea; (3) After thoroughly mixing the decomposed manure, superphosphate and urea, the mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain fertilizer 7. Experimental testing:

[0032] The Wenshan Prefecture Amomum villosum planting base was selected as the experimental site, and seven planting areas were divided into: (1) On March 20, 2023, new seedlings of Amomum villosum were planted in each planting area, and weeding was carried out in spring and autumn each year. Weeds were removed in time, and weak plants with poor development were removed. At the same time, the number of Amomum villosum plants per clump was controlled to be 3-5. (2) Apply solid fertilizer to Amomum villosum once each spring and autumn. The amount of fertilizer applied in spring is 650 kg / mu and the amount of fertilizer applied in autumn is 350 kg / mu. Water once after applying solid fertilizer. (3) During the seedling stage of Amomum villosum, the shading rate should be controlled at 70%-80%, and during the flowering and fruiting stage of Amomum villosum, the shading rate should be controlled at 60%-70%; (4) Pest and disease control: Adopt the "prevention first, comprehensive control" approach, with physical and biological control as the main methods.

[0033] Leaf spot disease: Remove and burn diseased leaves to reduce the source of infection. Treat with 25% carbendazim wettable powder at a dilution of 800-1000 times, once every 7 days for 4 consecutive times. Damping-off disease: Spray with 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture and irrigate for prevention and control; Stem rot and fruit rot: Apply a mixture of lime and wood ash (1 part lime: 3 parts wood ash) once in March and once in October-November, at a rate of 15-20 kg per mu; during the flowering and fruiting period, spray the fruit or stolons with 1% formalin or potassium permanganate solution (60 kg per mu), and after each spraying, apply a 1:4 mixture of slaked lime and wood ash; alternately spray the diseased plants with 1000 times dilution of carbendazim and Bordeaux mixture.

[0034] The annual fertilization dates for each planting area are April 20, 2023; September 26, 2023; March 27, 2024; September 15, 2024; and March 22, 2025. The types of solid fertilizers used in each planting area are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0035] 1. The flowering status of each planting area was statistically analyzed on May 10, 2024 and May 16, 2025 (5 clumps of Amomum villosum were randomly selected from each group, and the average number of flowers per clump was calculated). The harvest yield of each planting area was statistically analyzed on August 30, 2024 and August 27, 2025 (5 clumps were randomly selected from each group, and the average yield per clump was calculated). The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0036] As shown in Table 3 above, fertilizers 1 and 5 in groups 1 and 5 effectively promoted the flowering and fruiting of Amomum villosum and increased yield. However, the use of fertilizer 2 in group 2 not only failed to promote fruiting but also inhibited it to some extent (compared to the control group 7). The main difference between the two is that the broad bean vines in fertilizers 1 and 5 were cooked and treated with ethanol before fermentation, while the broad bean vines in fertilizer 2 were directly fermented. This indicates that directly fermented broad bean vines contain substances that inhibit the growth of Amomum villosum. Early cooking and ethanol treatment can remove these substances to some extent, thus greatly promoting the yield of Amomum villosum. In addition, the fermented pea vine material in group 3 also had a certain effect on increasing the yield of Amomum villosum, but the overall effect was much worse than that of fermented broad bean vine material 1. The flowering situation of group 1 in 2024 and 2025 is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0037] 2. On April 2, 2024 and April 10, 2025, the stem length and stem diameter of Amomum villosum plants in each planting area were statistically analyzed (10 plants were randomly selected from each group, and the average value was calculated). The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0038] As shown in the table above, fertilizers 1 and 5 used in groups 1 and 5 effectively promoted the stem growth of Amomum villosum, increasing stem diameter while ensuring growth height, thus further ensuring biomass accumulation. Fertilizer 2 used in group 2 had a smaller impact on stem length and diameter (compared to the control group 7). Furthermore, the fermentation agent 2 in fertilizer 4 used in group 4, which did not contain leaf powder in the culture medium, significantly reduced its effect on stem growth. The stem growth of each group in 2024 and 2025 is shown in the table below. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation and management method for promoting the growth of Amomum villosum, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Density Management: After the Amomum villosum is planted, weeding should be carried out in spring and autumn, and weak plants with poor development should be removed in time. At the same time, the density of each Amomum villosum clump should be controlled to 3-5 plants. S2. Prepare solid fertilizer according to the following weight parts: 40-50 parts of well-rotted manure, 10-15 parts of fermented broad bean vine material, 2-4 parts of biochar, 2-4 parts of fully gelatinized starch, 0.8-1.2 parts of Verticillium leucopsis fermentation agent, 2-4 parts of superphosphate, and 3-5 parts of urea. The fermented broad bean vine material is prepared by soaking the mature broad bean vines in an ethanol solution, then pressing and filtering them. The filter residue is fermented with yeast and Bacillus subtilis. The *Verticillium praecox* fermentation agent is obtained by inoculating *Verticillium praecox* into a PDA liquid culture medium containing crushed oak leaves, culturing for 5-7 days, filtering, and then freeze-drying the filtrate. S3. Fertilizer application: Apply solid fertilizer to the cardamom once each in spring and autumn, and water it once after applying the solid fertilizer. S4. Shading rate management: Control the shading rate to 60%-80% according to the planting time of Amomum villosum.

2. The cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the solid fertilizer includes the following steps: S1-1. Add the Verticillium praecox fermentation agent to 20-40 times the volume of water, then add biochar, stir at 1200-1400 r / min for 15-20 min, then add fully gelatinized starch, stir evenly at 200-600 r / min, then dry at 35-45℃ and pulverize to obtain the mixture. S1-2. After thoroughly mixing the mixture with well-rotted manure, fermented broad bean vines, superphosphate, and urea, extrude and granulate to obtain solid fertilizer.

3. The cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermented broad bean vine material includes the following steps: S2-1. Wash the fresh broad bean vines and cut them into sections. Place them in a steamer and steam them at 102-105℃ for 20-30 minutes. The cooked material is then removed and set aside. S2-2. Soak the matured material in a 75% ethanol solution at a water bath temperature of 50-60℃ for 30-40 minutes, then press and filter. Rinse the filter residue with clean water and grind it into a slurry to obtain the slurry for later use. S2-3. Inoculate the slurry with yeast and treat it under aerobic conditions for 2-4 hours. Then adjust to an anaerobic environment and continue fermentation for 6-8 hours to obtain the first fermented material for later use. S2-4. Inoculate the first fermentation material with Bacillus subtilis, adjust the aerobic environment and continue fermentation for 12-16 hours to obtain the second fermentation material. S2-5. After drying the second fermentation material, crush it to obtain broad bean vine fermentation material.

4. The cultivation and management method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In steps S2-3, the amount of yeast inoculated is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the slurry.

5. The cultivation and management method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In steps S2-4, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the slurry.

6. The cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the *Verticillium clavatum* fermentation agent includes the following steps: (1) Add 10-15 g / L of oak leaf powder to PDA liquid culture medium, then sterilize to obtain sterilized culture medium for later use; (2) After the activated liquid of Verticillium vesicatoria is inoculated into sterile culture medium, it is cultured on a shaker for 5-7 days, then filtered, and the filtrate is freeze-dried to obtain Verticillium vesicatoria fermentation agent.

7. The cultivation and management method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oak leaf powder is obtained by microwaving oak leaves and then crushing them through an 80-mesh sieve.

8. The cultivation and management method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the *Verticillium clavatum* activation solution is obtained by inoculating *Verticillium clavatum* into PDA liquid culture medium and activating it to a bacterial count of 10. 8 -10 10 The concentration was g / L, and then inoculated into sterile culture medium at an inoculation rate of 1 mL / 100 mL. The medium was then cultured in the dark on a shaker at 120 r / min at 25 °C.

9. The cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of solid fertilizer applied in spring is 500-800 kg / mu, and the amount of solid fertilizer applied in autumn is 300-380 kg / mu.

10. The cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the shading rate is controlled at 70%-80% when the cardamom is in the seedling stage, and at 60%-70% when the cardamom is in the flowering and fruiting stage.

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