Self-adaptive inspiration time adjusting device and ventilation supporting equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of breathing machines and anaesthesia machines, and relates to an inspiration time self-adaptive adjusting device and ventilation supporting equipment, and the inspiration time self-adaptive adjusting device comprises a monitoring judgment module which is used for monitoring gas pressure and flow speed signals in a breathing pipeline in real time, and judging whether a ventilation triggering type is autonomous triggering or machine triggering according to comparison between the gas pressure and a first threshold value; when autonomous triggering is judged and the gas flow rate is reduced to a second threshold value, a control signal is sent to the gas path control unit; otherwise, transferring to the data processing module; the data processing module is used for counting an autonomous triggering proportion within a set time length, taking the proportion as a dynamic adjusting parameter, calculating the inspiration time by combining the statistical magnitude and an ideal value of the inspiration time, and sending a control signal to the gas path control unit when the inspiration time is up; and the control module is used for converting the exhalation valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal so as to stop the inspiration phase and enter the expiration phase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of ventilators and anesthesia machines, and particularly relates to an adaptive inspiratory time adjustment device and a ventilation support device. Background Technology

[0002] In intensive care and respiratory therapy, inspiratory time (TI) is not merely a simple time parameter, but a powerful therapeutic tool that precisely controls the rhythm of gas delivery, directly impacting patient ventilation efficiency, comfort, and safety. An appropriate TI setting enables effective gas exchange, good patient comfort and patient-ventilator synchrony, and crucial lung protection strategies. Conversely, an inappropriate TI can lead to patient-ventilator asynchrony, air trapping, worsening lung injury, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for determining inspiratory time. One method, for patients with good spontaneous breathing, involves the ventilation support device monitoring the decline in peak inspiratory flow rate after the patient triggers inspiration. Inspiration is terminated when the flow rate drops to a certain threshold (e.g., 25% or 30% of the peak flow rate). This means that if the patient has a strong inspiratory effort, the inspiratory flow rate is high and declines slowly, resulting in a relatively long inspiratory time (Ti); conversely, if the patient has a weak inspiratory effort or wants to exhale, the peak flow rate drops rapidly, resulting in a relatively short Ti. This method can better match ventilation support with patient needs. The other method, for patients with relatively poor spontaneous breathing, typically uses controlled ventilation mode, usually setting a fixed inspiratory time (or IPR ratio) and respiratory rate, with the machine delivering air at a fixed rhythm. However, a patient's respiratory drive and respiratory mechanics are dynamic (e.g., pain, anxiety, secretions, improvement in condition, etc.). A fixed ventilator (Ti) cannot adapt to these changes, leading to persistent patient-ventilator asynchrony. This is the most direct problem: when the patient wants a longer inhalation, the fixed Ti terminates ventilation prematurely; when the patient wants to exhale, the fixed Ti continues to deliver air. To address patient-ventilator asynchrony, clinicians are often forced to increase sedative dosage, which prolongs ventilation time and ICU stay. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and to disclose an adaptive inhalation time adjustment device and a ventilation support device.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an adaptive inhalation time adjustment device, comprising a flow rate monitoring and judgment module, a data processing module, and a control module, wherein, The monitoring and judgment module is used to monitor the gas pressure and flow rate signals in the breathing circuit in real time, and determine whether the ventilation type is triggered by spontaneous triggering or machine triggering based on the comparison between the gas pressure and a first threshold. When it is determined to be spontaneous triggering, a control signal is sent to the gas circuit control unit when the gas flow rate drops to a second threshold; otherwise, it switches to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to statistically analyze the autonomous trigger ratio within a set time T (in seconds) as a dynamic adjustment parameter, and to calculate the inhalation time by combining the statistical data of the inhalation time with the ideal value of the inhalation time. When the inhalation time is reached, a control signal is sent to the airway control unit. The control module is used to switch the expiratory valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal, thereby terminating the inspiratory phase and entering the expiratory phase.

[0006] As an improvement to the above device, the determination of the trigger ventilation type includes: If the gas pressure drops by more than 1 cmH2O from the set PEEP value, it is determined to be automatically triggered; otherwise, it is machine triggered.

[0007] As an improvement to the aforementioned device The autonomous trigger ratio Satisfy the following formula:

[0008] in, To set the number of times the system can be automatically triggered within a set time period. This sets the number of times the machine can be triggered within a specified time period.

[0009] As an improvement to the above device, the statistical measure of inhalation time is: to count the autonomous inhalation time within the most recent set number of autonomous trigger cycles, and calculate the median or average value, which is recorded as the statistical measure of inhalation time. .

[0010] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the ideal value of the inhalation time for: If the user is an adult, calculate according to the following formula:

[0011] If the user is a child, the calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0012] in, To set the number of times the system can be automatically triggered within a duration T, This sets the number of times the machine will be triggered within a specified duration T.

[0013] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the inhalation time The initial value is: if the user is an adult, The duration is 1.5 seconds, if the user is a child. It takes 1.0 second; The inspiratory time is then obtained using a weighted fusion method. The following equation is satisfied: .

[0014] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the inhalation time The calculations include: when Then Set as ,in, All are constants. , ; when and Then Reduce fixed value And ensure the reduction Not less than ; when and Then Increase fixed value And ensure the improvement Not greater than .

[0015] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the inhalation time The following safety conditions must be met: If the user is an adult, The unit is seconds; For users who are children, The unit is seconds; If calculated If the range exceeds the upper limit, then Set to the upper limit of the corresponding range, if the calculated value is... If it is below the lower limit of the range, then Set to the lower limit of the corresponding range.

[0016] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the device further includes a buffer module for storing the gas pressure, flow rate signal and trigger ventilation type for each time.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention provides a ventilation support device, including the above-mentioned adaptive inspiratory time adjustment device, wherein the ventilation support device is a ventilator or anesthesia machine.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes an independent proportioning method. and median spontaneous inhalation time It learns the user's breathing rhythm and integrates it into the control of ventilation support device ventilation. The inhalation time of each trigger is tailored to the individual, achieving personalized matching, significantly improving human-machine synchronization, and reducing human-machine aggression. 2. Closed-loop control reduces manual intervention, takes into account the differences in breathing between adults and children, and has a safe range, making it safer and more reliable for users; 3. It innovatively integrates the advantages of "flow rate switching" (for spontaneous breathing) and "adaptive time switching" (for machine-controlled breathing), covering the entire life cycle of users from no spontaneous breathing to fully spontaneous breathing. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the adaptive inhalation time adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 2 These are existing airway pressure-time diagrams and corresponding flow rate-time diagrams; Figure 3 These are airway pressure-time diagrams and corresponding esophageal pressure-time diagrams obtained using the method of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive inhalation time adjustment device, including a flow rate monitoring and judgment module, a data processing module, and a control module.

[0021] The monitoring and judgment module is used to monitor the gas pressure and flow rate signals in the breathing circuit in real time, and determine whether the ventilation type is spontaneous or machine-triggered based on the comparison between the gas pressure and the first threshold. When it is determined to be spontaneous, a control signal is sent to the gas circuit control unit when the gas flow rate drops to the second threshold; otherwise, it switches to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to statistically analyze the autonomous trigger ratio within a set time T (in seconds) as a dynamic adjustment parameter. It also combines the statistical data of inhalation time with the ideal value of inhalation time to calculate the inhalation time. When the inhalation time is reached, a control signal is sent to the airway control unit. The processing in this part differs between Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0022] The control module is used to switch the expiratory valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal, thereby terminating the inspiratory phase and entering the expiratory phase.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive inhalation time adjustment device, the device comprising: The monitoring and judgment module is used to monitor the gas pressure and flow rate signals in the breathing circuit in real time, and determine whether the ventilation type is spontaneous or machine-triggered based on the comparison of the gas pressure with a first threshold. Specifically, the method for determining the type of ventilation is as follows: if the gas pressure drops by more than 1 cmH2O (centimeter water column, a unit used to measure pressure, especially in medicine and physiology) from the set PEEP value, it is determined to be spontaneously triggered; otherwise, it is machine-triggered. Different switching mechanisms are used for spontaneously triggered ventilation and machine-triggered ventilation.

[0025] When the system is determined to be autonomously triggered, a control signal is sent to the gas path control unit when the gas flow rate drops to the second threshold; otherwise, the system switches to the control module; in one embodiment, the system switches to the data processing module. The second threshold is 25% of the peak flow rate.

[0026] The data processing module employs a time-switching mechanism for machine triggering. It uses the proportion of autonomous triggering within a set duration T (in seconds) as a dynamic adjustment parameter, and combines this with statistical data and the ideal value of inhalation time to calculate a weighted inhalation time. When the inhalation time is reached, a control signal is sent to the airway control unit. The specific processing procedure of the data processing module is as follows: 1. Ti is not a fixed setting by the user, but is adaptively adjusted by the system. The initial setting is Ti=1.5s for adults and Ti=1.0s for children, and the subsequent adjustment rules are as follows.

[0027] 2. Calculate the number of autonomous triggers (Ns) and machine triggers (Nm) within the set time period T, and then calculate the autonomous trigger ratio: In one embodiment, the set duration is the past 30 seconds. The set duration T can also be 60 seconds, 120 seconds, etc.

[0028] 3. Calculate the spontaneous inhalation time of the most recent N spontaneous trigger cycles and the median Tm. In one embodiment, N=5 is used.

[0029] The median can also be calculated using the mean.

[0030] 4. Based on experimental data and field experience, the following formula is derived to calculate the ideal inspiratory time. : If the user is an adult, calculate according to the following formula:

[0031] If the user is a child, the calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0032] 5. The inspiratory time was obtained using a weighted fusion method. This serves as the intake time for the current machine trigger cycle.

[0033]

[0034] And guarantee Within a certain safe range, the time should be 0.5 to 3 seconds for adults and 0.2 to 2 seconds for children.

[0035] If calculated If the range exceeds the upper limit, then Set to the upper limit of the corresponding range, if the calculated value is... If it is below the lower limit of the range, then Set to the lower limit of the corresponding range.

[0036] The control module is used to switch the expiratory valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal, thereby terminating the inspiratory phase and entering the expiratory phase.

[0037] Example 2 Embodiment 2 of the present invention proposes an adaptive inspiratory time adjustment device. This device differs from Embodiment 1 in that the method for adjusting the inspiratory time setting in the data processing module is different. The device includes: The monitoring and judgment module is used to monitor the gas pressure and flow rate signals in the breathing circuit in real time, and determine whether the ventilation type is spontaneous or machine-triggered based on the comparison of the gas pressure with a first threshold. Specifically, the method for determining the type of ventilation is: if the gas pressure drops by more than 1 cmH2O from the set PEEP value, it is determined to be spontaneous; otherwise, it is machine-triggered. Different switching mechanisms are used for spontaneous and machine-triggered ventilation.

[0038] When the system is determined to be autonomously triggered, and the gas flow rate drops to the second threshold, a control signal is sent to the gas path control unit, and the system switches to the control module; otherwise, the system switches to the data processing module. In one embodiment, the second threshold is 25% of the peak flow rate.

[0039] The data processing module employs a time-switching mechanism for machine triggering. It uses the percentage of autonomous triggering within a set time period T (in seconds) as a dynamic adjustment parameter, and combines this with statistical data on inhalation time and the ideal value to calculate the inhalation time. When the inhalation time is reached, a control signal is sent to the airway control unit. The specific processing procedure of the data processing module is as follows: 1. Ti is not a fixed setting by the user, but is adaptively adjusted by the system. The initial setting is Ti=1.5s for adults and Ti=1.0s for children, and the subsequent adjustment rules are as follows.

[0040] 2. Within a set time period T, count the number of autonomous triggers (Ns) and the number of machine triggers (Nm), and calculate the autonomous trigger ratio:

[0041] In one embodiment, the duration T is the past 30 seconds, but the duration can also be set to 30 seconds, 120 seconds, etc.

[0042] 3. If Then, the spontaneous inhalation time of the most recent N (e.g., N=6) spontaneous trigger cycles is counted and its average value Tm is calculated. Set as The inhalation time is used as the trigger cycle for the current machine. This is determined based on experimental data. Take a value of 0.25~0.8. Take values ​​from 0.8 to 1.2, for example, k1=0.5, k2=1.

[0043] if The ideal inhalation time can be calculated using the following formula. : If the user is an adult, calculate according to the following formula:

[0044] If the user is a child, the calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0045] 4. If currently Then Reduce fixed value (In one embodiment) (0.1) seconds and not less than If currently , then will Increase fixed value (In one embodiment) (0.2) seconds and not exceeding .

[0046] 5. During the adjustment process in steps 3 and 4, it is important to ensure... Within a certain safe range, the time should be 0.5-3 seconds for adults and 0.2-2 seconds for children. If the calculated... If the range exceeds the upper limit, then Set to the upper limit of the corresponding range, if the calculated value is... If it is below the lower limit of the range, then Set to the lower limit of the corresponding range.

[0047] The control module is used to switch the expiratory valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal, thereby terminating the inspiratory phase and entering the expiratory phase.

[0048] Example 3 Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a ventilation support device, including an adaptive inspiratory time adjustment device as in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the ventilation support device is a ventilator or an anesthesia machine.

[0049] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the above system, the modules included are divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional module are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Effect verification: Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is based on real data collected from clinical trials.

[0051] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the airway pressure-time plot and corresponding flow rate-time plot without the method proposed in this invention. This plot depicts the changes in airway pressure and flow rate over time during ventilation; that is, the machine triggering cycle is controlled according to a fixed setting Ti. It can be observed that human-machine asynchrony issues occur multiple times. Among these, Figure 2 ④ and ⑤ have good synchronization. ① and ⑥ are manually set to Ti=0.5s, resulting in double triggering. ②, ③ and ⑦ are manually set to Ti=1.2s, resulting in a pressure rise at the end of inhalation.

[0052] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the airway pressure-time plot and the corresponding esophageal pressure-time plot using the method of this invention. This plot depicts the changes in airway and esophageal pressure over time during ventilation. Specifically, the inspiratory time of the machine trigger cycle is adaptively adjusted. It can be observed that no human-machine asynchrony occurred, and synchronization was greatly improved. Figure 3 In the diagram, ②④⑥ represent the autonomous triggering cycle, while ①③⑤⑦ represent the machine triggering cycle. The inhalation time gradually shortens automatically and eventually stabilizes.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive inhalation time adjustment device, characterized in that, It includes a flow rate monitoring and judgment module, a data processing module, and a control module, among which, The monitoring and judgment module is used to monitor the gas pressure and flow rate signals in the breathing circuit in real time, and determine whether the ventilation type is triggered by spontaneous triggering or machine triggering based on the comparison between the gas pressure and a first threshold. When it is determined to be spontaneous triggering, a control signal is sent to the gas circuit control unit when the gas flow rate drops to a second threshold; otherwise, it switches to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to statistically analyze the autonomous trigger ratio within a set time period as a dynamic adjustment parameter, and to calculate the inhalation time by combining the statistical data of the inhalation time with the ideal value of the inhalation time. When the inhalation time is reached, a control signal is sent to the airway control unit. The control module is used to switch the expiratory valve from the closed state to the open state according to the received control signal, thereby terminating the inspiratory phase and entering the expiratory phase.

2. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the type of ventilation trigger includes: If the gas pressure drops by more than 1 cmH2O from the set PEEP value, it is determined to be automatically triggered; otherwise, it is machine triggered.

3. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The autonomous trigger ratio Satisfy the following formula: in, To set the number of times the system can be automatically triggered within a set time period. This sets the number of times the machine can be triggered within a specified time period.

4. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The statistical measure of inhalation time is as follows: the voluntary inhalation time within the most recent set number of voluntary trigger cycles is counted, and the median or average value is calculated and recorded as the statistical measure of inhalation time. .

5. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal value of the inhalation time for: If the user is an adult, calculate according to the following formula: If the user is a child, the calculation is performed according to the following formula: in, To set the number of times the system can be automatically triggered within a duration T, This sets the number of machine triggers within a specified duration T, where T is in seconds.

6. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inhalation time The initial value is: if the user is an adult, The duration is 1.5 seconds, if the user is a child. It takes 1.0 second; The inspiratory time is then obtained using a weighted fusion method. The following equation is satisfied: 。 7. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inhalation time The calculations include: when Then Set as ,in, All are constants. , ; when and Then Reduce fixed value And ensure the reduction Not less than ; when and Then Increase fixed value And ensure the improvement Not greater than .

8. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The inhalation time The following safety conditions must be met: If the user is an adult, The unit is seconds; For users who are children, The unit is seconds; If calculated If the range exceeds the upper limit, then Set to the upper limit of the corresponding range, if the calculated value is... If it is below the lower limit of the range, then Set to the lower limit of the corresponding range.

9. The adaptive inhalation time adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a buffer module for storing the gas pressure, flow rate signal and trigger ventilation type for each instance.

10. A ventilation support device, characterized in that, Includes the inspiratory time adaptive adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the ventilation support device is a ventilator or an anesthesia machine.

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