Intelligent detection device for three-dimensional form of soil shear band based on optical fiber

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slip band soil sample treatment, in particular to an optical fiber-based soil shear band three-dimensional shape intelligent detection device, which comprises an intelligent direct shear box and an automatic insertion mechanical arm, the intelligent direct shear box is composed of an upper box and a lower box, and the upper box is connected with a linear ball guide rail of the lower box through a ball slide block to form a sample forming area; a bottom plate of the lower box is an intelligent bottom plate, and embedded follow-up light source modules are arranged on the intelligent bottom plate in a matrix mode. The automatic inserting mechanical arm is installed on the upper edge of the side wall of the upper box and comprises a linear motor module, an electric cylinder and a multifunctional end effector, and the multifunctional end effector is integrated with a double-station rotating clamping jaw and a laser ranging probe. The light source module is pre-embedded in the bottom plate of the lower box and forms stable physical light path connection with the optical fiber inserted into the upper box before the test, so that the continuity and stability of optical signal transmission in the whole shearing stroke are ensured, and the three-dimensional fine structure of the slip band in the whole shearing failure process of the slip band soil can be dynamically and visually observed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slip zone soil sample processing technology, and in particular to an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides are among the most destructive geological hazards globally, with their stability directly controlled by the internal slip zone (slip surface). The slip zone soil, as the core medium for landslide deformation and failure, has physical and mechanical properties such as shear strength parameters, dilatation / contraction characteristics, and strain softening behavior. These properties are crucial for determining landslide stability, assessing its reactivation risk, and designing prevention and control projects. Therefore, accurate measurement of the mechanical properties of slip zone soil and a deep understanding of its failure mechanisms are the foundation and core of almost all landslide research.

[0003] However, current research and testing methods for the mechanical behavior of slip zone soils have significant limitations: First, undisturbed samples of slip zone soils are extremely difficult to obtain. The process of in-situ drilling inevitably causes structural damage to the weak and easily disturbed slip zone soil, resulting in samples used in laboratory tests that cannot fully represent its true structure and mechanical state in a landslide. Second, traditional laboratory direct shear tests have fundamental flaws. As the primary means of determining the shear strength of slip zone soils, this test can only provide macroscopic shear stress-displacement curves and peak / residual strength parameters, but it completely fails to reveal the evolution of the internal microstructure of the slip zone soil during shearing, the formation process of shear localization (i.e., the primary slip surface), and the final three-dimensional spatial morphology of the slip surface. In fact, the slip zone is not an ideal geometric plane; its thickness, undulation, internal debris orientation, and the bifurcation network of primary and secondary slip surfaces, among other microstructural characteristics, precisely dominate the overall mechanical behavior and progressive failure process of the landslide. Third, some existing advanced observation technologies (such as CT scanning and transparent soil technology) are difficult to apply to the study of real slip zone soil mechanical behavior because they cannot be synchronized with the loading process or because the materials are not representative.

[0004] Currently, while macroscopic intensity can be measured, the microscopic causes and morphology of landslides cannot be explored, severely hindering the deepening of landslide mechanism research and affecting the development of stability evaluation models and engineering treatment technologies based on precise physical mechanisms. Therefore, the landslide field requires an innovative testing device capable of synchronously, dynamically, and visually observing the entire process of shear failure in the slip zone soil, in conjunction with standard mechanical tests. This is an innovation on existing geotechnical testing technologies and a crucial research direction with significant scientific and engineering value, directly addressing the national needs for major geological disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0005] Therefore, the field of landslides urgently needs a device that can synchronously, dynamically, and visually observe the entire process of shear failure in order to deepen the study of mechanisms and support disaster prevention and mitigation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an intelligent detection device for the three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers. This device aims to achieve dynamic and visual observation of the entire process of soil shear failure and the detailed three-dimensional structure of the slip zone. By automatically integrating a sensor network, synchronously acquiring multimodal data, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction, this device overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency, significant interference, and incomplete data associated with manual operation. It achieves a leap from measuring single macroscopic parameters in direct shear tests to three-dimensional visualization and quantitative analysis of the internal shear failure micromorphology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers, comprising: The intelligent straight shear box consists of an upper box and a lower box. The upper box is connected to the linear ball bearing guide rail of the lower box via a ball bearing slider to form a sample forming area. The bottom plate of the lower box is an intelligent bottom plate, on which embedded follow-up light source modules are arranged in a matrix. An automatic insertion robotic arm is installed on the upper edge of the side wall of the upper box via a quick-release clamp. It includes a linear motor module, an electric cylinder, and a multi-functional end effector. The multi-functional end effector integrates a dual-station rotary gripper and a laser ranging probe.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent direct shear box is a multi-layered composite structure, with the upper box being a fixed box and the lower box being a movable box, and the upper and lower boxes being fixed to form the sample forming area.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the bottom plate of the lower box is an intelligent bottom plate integrating matrix mounting units, each mounting unit having a pluggable embedded follow-up light source module, the light source modules being arranged in a matrix; the intelligent bottom plate has a PCB control circuit encapsulated inside.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the bottom plate of the lower box is provided with a plurality of equally spaced matrix mounting blind holes, and an embedded follower light source module is inserted into each of the mounting blind holes.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the light source module includes a cylindrical shell, an LED chip, a light guide fiber, and bottom electrical contacts. The top of the light source module is provided with a ceramic ferrule end face that is connected to the sensing fiber. The side wall of the light source module is provided with an elastic retaining spring, which is locked with the mounting blind hole. After the light source module is inserted into the mounting blind hole provided on the smart base plate, it is locked by the elastic retaining spring. The bottom electrical contacts of the light source module are electrically connected to the spring probe provided at the bottom of the mounting blind hole.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the ceramic ferrule end face of the light source module is covered with an annular sealing groove, and a precision ceramic sleeve is located below the annular sealing groove. An LED chip is installed under the ceramic ferrule end face inside the precision ceramic sleeve, and a gold-plated spring probe is installed below the LED chip.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent base plate is internally encapsulated with a multi-channel LED driver PCB board, the light source module is controlled by a driver chip through the LED driver PCB board, and all lines of the light source module are connected to the outside through a hub.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, a precision guide sleeve array corresponding one-to-one with the light source module matrix of the lower box is fixedly installed on the side wall of the upper box for guiding the insertion of the sensing optical fiber.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the automatic insertion robotic arm is a side-mounted follow-up precision insertion module, and the linear motor module at the bottom of the automatic insertion robotic arm is installed on the upper edge of the right side wall of the upper box.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the dual-position rotary gripper of the multifunctional end effector includes two independent electric rotary grippers, which are used to hold the graphite core and the sensing optical fiber respectively, and the laser ranging probe is used for non-contact measurement of soil surface height.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the linear motor module of the automatic insertion robotic arm is arranged along the Y-axis, and the electric cylinder is provided with a ball screw arranged along the Z-axis. The electric cylinder is connected to the dual-station rotary gripper through a piston rod and bearings. The end of the piston rod of the electric cylinder integrates a one-dimensional force sensor, which is used to sense the contact force when inserting the sensing element to realize a constant force or constant speed insertion mode.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention, the intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers also includes: The multimodal data acquisition and processing unit includes a graphite core, an optical power sensor, a distributed optical fiber demodulator, and a central controller. The sensing optical fiber is physically connected to the light source module and connected to the optical power sensor. The optical power sensor forms a multi-channel optical power meter array and is connected to the central controller. The graphite core is connected to the central controller through the distributed optical fiber demodulator. The central controller is connected to the control circuit of the intelligent base plate, the robotic arm control system, and the sensing equipment. The automatic insertion robotic arm is used to automatically insert the graphite core and the sensing optical fiber into the predetermined position in the soil during the sample preparation stage. The central controller is used to synchronously fuse the distributed optical fiber strain field, transmitted light intensity evolution data, macroscopic force-displacement curves, and graphite core deformation morphology to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the shear zone.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers provided by this invention has the following advantages: The present invention relates to an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers. This device ensures the continuity and stability of optical signal transmission throughout the entire shearing process by pre-embedding a light source module in the bottom plate of the lower housing and establishing a stable physical optical path connection with the optical fiber inserted in the upper housing before the test. This design eliminates the need for complex optical dynamic alignment mechanisms, significantly improving the system's engineering reliability and reducing costs.

[0020] This invention achieves full automation and standardization of the embedding process of graphite cores and fiber optic array sensor networks by integrating a side-mounted, follow-up precision robotic arm. The robotic arm combines visual positioning, force feedback, and optical alignment technologies to ensure precise implantation of sensor elements at predetermined three-dimensional coordinates with minimal soil disturbance during insertion. This completely solves the problems of low efficiency, poor consistency, and significant interference with soil samples associated with manual embedding. This not only reduces sample preparation time from several hours to tens of minutes but also greatly improves the comparability and repeatability of experimental data, providing high-quality standardized samples for scientific research.

[0021] This invention marks the first time that simultaneous acquisition and deep fusion of multimodal data has been achieved in a direct shear test. The system can simultaneously acquire the dynamic strain field of the distributed optical fiber, the evolution of transmitted light intensity, and the macroscopic force-displacement curve, and obtain the precise deformation morphology of the graphite core array after the test. Through a proprietary fusion algorithm, the above spatiotemporal data are combined with the precise coordinates of the sensing elements to ultimately quantitatively reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial morphology and evolution process of the shear band, including its thickness, undulation, and bifurcation characteristics, achieving a cognitive leap from "macroscopic mechanical curves" to "microscopic failure mechanisms."

[0022] This invention constructs a highly integrated and intelligent complete experimental system. The system seamlessly combines sophisticated mechanical structures, automatic control, photoelectric sensing, and data processing software, allowing operators to complete the entire process of "automatic sample preparation - automatic testing - automatic analysis" simply by setting parameters. Modular design features such as pluggable light source modules and quick-release robotic arms simplify system maintenance and upgrades. The system is directly compatible with or can be modified from existing direct shear apparatuses, and the density and type of the sensor network can be flexibly configured as needed, such as using optical fibers or graphite cores alone, combining cutting-edge scientific research capabilities with practical engineering applications.

[0023] These or other aspects of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the graphite core and sensing optical fiber in an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate in an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers, according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the light source module in an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers, according to the present invention, which automatically inserts a robotic arm.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional end effector in a three-dimensional soil shear zone intelligent detection device based on optical fiber according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure label: 1-Linear motor module, 2-Electric cylinder, 3-Dual-position rotary gripper, 4-Light source module, 5-Upper box, 6-Lower box, 7-Bearing, 8-Piston rod, 9-Intelligent base plate, 10-Ceramic ferrule end face, 11-Elastic snap ring, 12-Precision ceramic sleeve, 13-Spring probe, 14-Annular sealing groove, 15-Mounting blind hole, 16-Driver chip, 17-LED driver PCB board, 18-LED chip, 19-Cable hub, 20-Laser ranging probe, 21-Multifunctional end effector, 22-Graphite core, 23-Sensing fiber optic cable, 231-One-dimensional force sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] The technical solutions in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described exemplary embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Specifically, the embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] See Figures 1 to 6 As shown, embodiments of this application also provide an intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear bands based on optical fiber, including an intelligent direct shear box, an automatic insertion robotic arm, and a multimodal data acquisition and processing unit. The intelligent direct shear box consists of an upper box 5 and a lower box 6. The upper box 5 is connected to the lower box 6 via a ball bearing slider to form a sample forming area. The intelligent direct shear box is a multi-layered composite structure, with the upper box 5 being a fixed box and the lower box 6 being a movable box. The upper box 5 and lower box 6 are fixed to form the sample forming area. The base plate of the lower box 6 is an intelligent base plate 9 integrating matrix mounting units. Embedded, follow-up light source modules 4 are arranged in a matrix on the intelligent base plate 9, with each mounting unit containing a pluggable embedded, follow-up light source module 4. The light source modules 4 are arranged in a matrix. A PCB control circuit is encapsulated inside the intelligent base plate 9. Several equally spaced, matrix-patterned blind mounting holes 15 are machined on the base plate of the lower box 6.

[0035] In one embodiment, the bottom plate of the lower box 6 is an intelligent bottom plate 9 integrating a matrix mounting unit, on which 25 mounting blind holes 15 are matrix-processed at a spacing of 50mm×50mm, and an embedded follow-up light source module 4 is inserted into each mounting blind hole 15.

[0036] In this embodiment, the light source module 4 includes a cylindrical shell, an LED chip 18, a light guide fiber, and a bottom electrical contact. The LED chip 18 is connected to the light guide fiber and installed inside the cylindrical shell. The bottom electrical contact is located in the cylindrical shell and is connected to the LED chip 18 through the light guide fiber. The top of the light source module 4 is provided with a ceramic ferrule end face 10 that mates with the sensing fiber 23. The side wall of the light source module 4 is provided with an elastic retaining spring 11, which is locked with the mounting blind hole 15. After the light source module 4 is inserted into the mounting blind hole 15 on the smart base plate 9, it is locked by the elastic retaining spring 11. The bottom electrical contact of the light source module 4 is electrically connected to the spring probe 13 provided at the bottom of the mounting blind hole 15.

[0037] In this embodiment, the ceramic ferrule end face 10 of the light source module 4 is fitted with an annular sealing groove 14. Below the annular sealing groove 14 is a precision ceramic sleeve 12. An LED chip 18 is installed under the ceramic ferrule end face 10 inside the precision ceramic sleeve 12, and a gold-plated spring probe 13 is installed below the LED chip 18. The intelligent base plate 9 internally encapsulates a multi-channel LED driver PCB board 17. The light source module 4 is controlled by a driver chip 16 through the LED driver PCB board 17, and all lines of the light source module 4 are connected to the outside world through a hub 19.

[0038] In one embodiment, a precision guide sleeve array corresponding one-to-one with the light source module 4 matrix of the lower box 6 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the upper box 5 to guide the insertion of the sensing optical fiber 23.

[0039] The automatic insertion robotic arm is mounted on the upper edge of the side wall of the upper box 5 via a quick-release clamp. In one embodiment, the automatic insertion robotic arm is a side-mounted follow-up precision insertion module, and the linear motor module 1 at the bottom of the automatic insertion robotic arm is mounted on the upper edge of the right side wall of the upper box 5. In this embodiment, the automatic insertion robotic arm includes a linear motor module 1, an electric cylinder 2, and a multi-functional end effector 21. The multi-functional end effector 21 integrates a dual-station rotary gripper 3 and a laser ranging probe 20. The linear motor module 1 of the automatic insertion robotic arm is arranged along the Y-axis, and the electric cylinder 2 is equipped with a ball screw arranged along the Z-axis. The electric cylinder 2 is connected to the dual-station rotary gripper 3 through a piston rod 8 and a bearing 7. The end of the piston rod 8 of the electric cylinder 2 integrates a one-dimensional force sensor 231, which is used to sense the contact force when inserting the sensing element to achieve a constant force or constant speed insertion mode.

[0040] The dual-station rotary gripper 3 of the multi-functional end effector 21 includes two independent electric rotary grippers, which are used to hold the graphite core 22 and the sensing fiber 23 respectively. The laser ranging probe 20 is used for non-contact measurement of soil surface height.

[0041] In this embodiment, the multimodal data acquisition and processing unit includes a graphite core, an optical power sensor, a distributed optical fiber demodulator, and a central controller. The sensing optical fiber 23 is physically connected to the light source module 4 and connected to the optical power sensor. The optical power sensor forms a multi-channel optical power meter array and is connected to the central controller. The graphite core is connected to the central controller through the distributed optical fiber demodulator. The central controller is connected to the control circuit of the intelligent base plate 9, the robotic arm control system, and the sensing equipment. The automatic insertion robotic arm is used to automatically insert the graphite core and the sensing optical fiber into the predetermined position in the soil during the sample preparation stage. The central controller is used to synchronously fuse the distributed optical fiber strain field, transmitted light intensity evolution data, macroscopic force-displacement curve, and graphite core 22 deformation morphology to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the shear band.

[0042] In the initial state, the intelligent shear box is first assembled, which mainly includes the assembly of the lower box 6 and the upper box 5. Lower box 6 assembly: The processed lower box body is taken, its core being the intelligent base plate 9. 25 embedded follow-up light source modules 4 are sequentially inserted into the matrix-style mounting blind holes 15 of the intelligent base plate 9 until a "click" sound is heard, indicating that the elastic springs on the side walls of the light source modules 4 have been locked, and the electrical contacts at the bottom of the light source modules 4 have formed a stable electrical connection with the spring probes 13 inside the mounting blind holes 15. Upper box 5 assembly: The aluminum alloy main frame of the upper box 5 is taken and assembled.

[0043] Lower Box 6 Sample Preparation: Place the assembled lower box 6 on a stable platform. Inside its cavity, according to the test design, such as dry density and moisture content, fill the soil sample in three layers, compacting each layer to the predetermined height using a light compactor or static pressure method. After compaction, level the soil surface. Upper Box 5 Sample Preparation: Fix the upper box 5 separately to the support platform at the sample preparation station. Inside the upper box 5, similarly fill and compact the lower soil layer in three layers, ensuring the soil surface reaches the top of the upper shear box after compaction.

[0044] The automatic insertion robotic arm is installed by inserting it into the linear motor module 1, which is then rigidly mounted to the upper edge of the side wall of the upper box 5 via its quick-release clamps. The power and control cables for the robotic arm are connected. The system is turned on, and the robotic arm performs self-testing and visual calibration. A tray containing standard graphite cores 22 and sensing optical fibers 23 is placed in the designated area of ​​the workstation. The operator imports or designs the insertion point map of the sensor network in the software, either all 25 points or a custom sparse matrix. The software automatically plans the optimal movement path for the robotic arm.

[0045] Material Retrieval: The robotic arm, following the program, retrieves the graphite core 22 and sensing fiber optic cable 23 from the tray using the multi-functional end effector 21. Based on the dot matrix coordinates, the robotic arm moves to a position above the target insertion point. The laser ranging probe 20 accurately calculates the hole's center position through image recognition and drives the robotic arm for compensation positioning, ensuring accurate positioning of the held graphite core 22 relative to the selected insertion point, and accurate positioning of the sensing fiber optic cable 23 relative to the light source module 4.

[0046] Z-axis electric cylinder 2 begins to descend at a low speed. Laser ranging probe 20 non-contactly measures the soil surface height to establish a depth reference. When the tip of graphite core 22 contacts the soil surface, the one-dimensional force sensor 231 at the end of the Z-axis senses the contact force, and the system records this point as the "surface zero point." Subsequently, the Z-axis inserts the graphite core 22 to a preset depth (30mm into the lower soil sample) using constant force or constant speed mode. After completion, the dual-station rotary gripper 3 releases, the Z-axis of electric cylinder 2 rises, and the robotic arm moves to the fiber optic hopper. Another dedicated gripper picks up a fiber optic cable, and the positioning steps are repeated. The Z-axis of electric cylinder 2 then descends again. When the lower end of the sensing fiber optic cable 23 contacts the intelligent base plate 9, the light emitted by the laser source couples into the fiber optic cable through tiny process holes on the base plate. The optical power sensor connected to the other end of the fiber optic cable detects a sudden increase in light intensity, indicating that the fiber optic end face is perfectly aligned with a light source. This process ensures a very high success rate of physical docking between the fiber optic cable and the lower box light source module in subsequent real-world tests.

[0047] The robotic arm automatically cycles through the sampling and insertion steps until all planned points of graphite core 22 and sensing optical fiber 23 are implanted. The upper leads of all optical fibers are systematically guided to the cable management hub 19 at the top of the upper box 5, and finally converged and fixed on the cluster connector. After the sensor network is implanted, the robotic arm module is removed, the upload board is installed, and the preparation of the entire upper box 5 sample is completed.

[0048] The prepared upper box 5 sample is hoisted onto the prepared lower box 6, so that the slider of the upper box 5 engages with the guide rail of the lower box 6. At this time, the lower ends of all optical fibers will automatically make physical contact with the corresponding light source modules 4 in the lower box 6. Connect the upper box 5 bundle connector to the external demodulator and optical power meter array, and the standard direct shear test can be started, while all sensor data are collected simultaneously.

[0049] The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers of the present invention ensures the continuity and stability of optical signal transmission throughout the entire shearing stroke by pre-embedding the light source module 4 in the bottom plate of the lower box 6 and forming a stable physical optical path connection with the optical fiber inserted in the upper box 5 before the test. This design eliminates the need for complex optical dynamic alignment mechanisms, significantly improving the engineering reliability of the system and reducing costs.

[0050] This invention achieves full automation and standardization of the sensor network embedding process of graphite core 22 and fiber optic array by integrating a side-mounted, follow-up precision robotic arm. The robotic arm combines visual positioning, force feedback, and optical alignment technologies to ensure precise implantation of the sensing elements at predetermined three-dimensional coordinates, with minimal disturbance to the soil during insertion. This completely solves the problems of low efficiency, poor consistency, and significant interference with soil samples caused by manual embedding. This not only reduces sample preparation time from several hours to tens of minutes but also greatly improves the comparability and repeatability of experimental data, providing high-quality standardized samples for scientific research.

[0051] This invention marks the first time that simultaneous acquisition and deep fusion of multimodal data has been achieved in a direct shear test. The system can simultaneously acquire the dynamic strain field of the distributed optical fiber, the evolution of transmitted light intensity, and the macroscopic force-displacement curve, and obtain the precise deformation morphology of the graphite core array after the test. Through a proprietary fusion algorithm, the above spatiotemporal data are combined with the precise coordinates of the sensing elements to ultimately quantitatively reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial morphology and evolution process of the shear band, including its thickness, undulation, and bifurcation characteristics, achieving a cognitive leap from "macroscopic mechanical curves" to "microscopic failure mechanisms."

[0052] This invention constructs a highly integrated and intelligent complete experimental system. The system seamlessly combines sophisticated mechanical structures, automatic control, photoelectric sensing, and data processing software, allowing operators to complete the entire process of "automatic sample preparation - automatic testing - automatic analysis" simply by setting parameters. Modular design features such as pluggable light source modules and quick-release robotic arms simplify system maintenance and upgrades. The system is directly compatible with or can be modified from existing direct shear apparatuses, and the density and type of the sensor network can be flexibly configured as needed, such as using optical fibers or graphite cores alone, combining cutting-edge scientific research capabilities with practical engineering applications.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber, characterized in that, include: The intelligent straight shear box consists of an upper box and a lower box. The upper box is connected to the linear ball bearing guide rail of the lower box via a ball bearing slider to form a sample forming area. The bottom plate of the lower box is an intelligent bottom plate, on which embedded follow-up light source modules are arranged in a matrix. An automatic insertion robotic arm is installed on the upper edge of the side wall of the upper box via a quick-release clamp. It includes a linear motor module, an electric cylinder, and a multi-functional end effector. The multi-functional end effector integrates a dual-station rotary gripper and a laser ranging probe.

2. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent direct shear box is a multi-layered composite design. The upper box of the intelligent direct shear box is a fixed box, and the lower box is a movable box. The upper and lower boxes are fixed to form the sample forming area.

3. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The base plate of the lower box is an intelligent base plate that integrates matrix mounting units. Each mounting unit has a pluggable embedded follow-up light source module, and the light source modules are arranged in a matrix. The intelligent base plate has a PCB control circuit encapsulated inside.

4. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom plate of the lower box is machined with a number of equally spaced matrix mounting blind holes, and an embedded follow-up light source module is inserted into each mounting blind hole.

5. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The light source module includes a cylindrical shell, an LED chip, a light guide fiber, and bottom electrical contacts. The top of the light source module is provided with a ceramic ferrule end face that connects to the sensing fiber. The side wall of the light source module is provided with an elastic retaining spring, which is locked with the mounting blind hole. After the light source module is inserted into the mounting blind hole provided on the smart base plate, it is locked by the elastic retaining spring. The bottom electrical contacts of the light source module are electrically connected to the spring probe provided at the bottom of the mounting blind hole.

6. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The intelligent base plate is internally encapsulated with a multi-channel LED driver PCB board. The light source module is controlled by a driver chip through the LED driver PCB board. All lines of the light source module are connected to the outside world through a hub.

7. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The ceramic ferrule end face of the light source module is covered with an annular sealing groove, and below the annular sealing groove is a precision ceramic sleeve. An LED chip is installed under the ceramic ferrule end face inside the precision ceramic sleeve, and a gold-plated spring probe is installed below the LED chip.

8. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The upper box has a precision guide sleeve array that corresponds one-to-one with the light source module matrix of the lower box, which is used to guide the insertion of the sensing optical fiber.

9. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic insertion robotic arm is a side-mounted follow-up precision insertion module. The linear motor module at the bottom of the automatic insertion robotic arm is installed on the upper edge of the right side wall of the upper box. The dual-station rotary gripper of the multi-functional end effector includes two independent electric rotary grippers, which are used to hold the graphite core and the sensing optical fiber, respectively. The laser ranging probe is used for non-contact measurement of soil surface height.

10. The intelligent detection device for three-dimensional morphology of soil shear zones based on optical fibers as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The linear motor module of the automatic insertion robotic arm is set along the Y-axis, and the electric cylinder is equipped with a ball screw set along the Z-axis. The electric cylinder is connected to the dual-station rotary gripper through a piston rod and bearings. A one-dimensional force sensor is integrated at the end of the piston rod of the electric cylinder.

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