Multi-frequency antenna radiation unit device with decoupling function

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-frequency antenna radiation unit device with a decoupling function, and belongs to the field of mobile communication antennas. The high-frequency radiation unit comprises a balun electrically connected with the reflecting plate and a radiation arm connected to the balun; the low-frequency radiation unit is positioned on the periphery of the high-frequency radiation unit and is arranged on the reflecting plate; the capacitor loading assembly comprises a coupling patch connected with the radiation arm and a capacitor branch connected to the balun, the capacitor branch is located on the side, close to the reflecting plate, of the balun, the coupling patch and the capacitor branch form an additional capacitor connected with the high-frequency radiation unit in parallel, and the total equivalent capacitance of the high-frequency radiation unit is changed through the additional capacitor; therefore, the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit is shifted out of the low-frequency working frequency band, common-mode resonance generated when the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are adjacently arranged is eliminated, the standing-wave ratio of a low-frequency port is improved, the working bandwidth is widened, distortion of a low-frequency radiation pattern is eliminated, and the coverage quality of a base station is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communication antenna technology, and more specifically to a multi-frequency antenna with decoupled radiating element device. Background Technology

[0002] In the current process of mobile communication networks evolving towards 5G and beyond, multi-frequency common-aperture base station antennas have become core equipment for achieving multi-standard compatibility and efficient spectrum utilization. To reduce deployment costs and simplify installation, the industry generally adopts the design of "high-frequency and low-frequency radiating units with a common reflector", which means that low-frequency and high-frequency radiating unit arrays are closely arranged on the same metal reflector. However, there are inherent parasitic inductance (L) and parasitic capacitance (C) between the metal components of the high-frequency radiating units, which will form an internal resonant circuit. When the high-frequency radiating units are arranged close to the low-frequency radiating units, the strong electromagnetic coupling between the two will excite low-frequency common-mode resonance, deteriorate the low-frequency port VSWR, shrink the operating bandwidth, and cause low-frequency radiation pattern distortion, affecting the base station coverage quality.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies have proposed various suppression schemes, such as adding choke slots, short-circuit stubs, decoupling metal sheets, or introducing lumped elements. However, these schemes often require disrupting the original structure of the high-frequency radiation unit or adding complex components, which can affect the transmission path of high-frequency signals, lead to loss of gain, and increase manufacturing costs and assembly difficulty. It is difficult to simultaneously achieve both suppression effect and high-frequency performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a multi-frequency antenna with decoupled radiating element device, which aims to solve the problems of the above-mentioned existing solutions, which destroy the high-frequency structure or add components, resulting in loss of gain, high cost, and difficulty in balancing suppression effect and high-frequency performance.

[0005] This invention provides a multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device, comprising: Reflector; A high-frequency radiating unit includes a balun electrically connected to a reflector and a radiating arm connected to the balun; A low-frequency radiation unit is located around the high-frequency radiation unit and disposed on the reflector plate; The capacitor loading assembly includes a coupling patch connected to the radiating arm and a capacitor stub connected to the balun. The capacitor stub is located on the side of the balun closer to the reflector. The coupling patch and the capacitor stub form an additional capacitor in parallel with the high-frequency radiating unit. The additional capacitor changes the total equivalent capacitance of the high-frequency radiating unit, thereby shifting the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit out of the low-frequency operating band.

[0006] Preferably, the coupling patch and the capacitor branch at least partially overlap in the horizontal direction of their orthogonal projections, and the overlapping area constitutes the additional capacitor.

[0007] Preferably, the area of ​​the overlapping region is positively correlated with the capacitance value of the additional capacitor. By adjusting the area of ​​the overlapping region, the capacitance value of the additional capacitor can be changed, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit to outside the required operating frequency band.

[0008] Preferably, the high-frequency radiation unit is any one of a single-polarization radiation unit, a dual-polarization radiation unit, or a multi-polarization radiation unit.

[0009] Preferably, the low-frequency radiation unit is any one of a cross-shaped oscillator, a ring oscillator, or a dipole oscillator.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, it has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a multi-frequency antenna with decoupled radiating element device. By setting a coupling patch electrically connected to the radiating arm and setting a capacitor stub on the balun, an additional capacitor is generated between the coupling patch and the capacitor stub, which is connected in parallel with the high-frequency radiating element. Without destroying the original structure and signal transmission path of the high-frequency radiating element, the low-frequency common-mode resonance excited by electromagnetic coupling when the high-frequency radiating element and the low-frequency radiating element are arranged adjacent to each other is eliminated. This improves the standing wave ratio of the low-frequency port, widens the operating bandwidth, and eliminates the distortion of the low-frequency radiation pattern, thus ensuring the coverage quality of the base station. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating unit device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the balun and capacitor stub structure of a multi-frequency antenna with decoupled radiating element device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling patch structure of a multi-frequency antenna with decoupled radiating element device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] In the figure, 1 is the reflector; 2 is the high-frequency radiation unit; 22 is the balun; 23 is the radiation arm; 3 is the capacitor loading assembly; 31 is the coupling patch; and 32 is the capacitor branch. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To better understand the structure, functional features, and advantages of the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the figures: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device, including: a reflector 1, a high-frequency radiating element 2, a low-frequency radiating element (not shown), and a capacitor loading assembly 3. The high-frequency radiating element 2 includes a balun 22 electrically connected to the reflector 1 and a radiating arm 23 connected to the balun 22. The low-frequency radiating element is located around the high-frequency radiating element 2 and disposed on the reflector 1. The capacitor loading assembly 3 includes a coupling patch 31 connected to the radiating arm 23 and a capacitor branch 32 connected to the balun 22. The capacitor branch 32 is located on the side of the balun 22 closer to the reflector 1. The coupling patch 31 and the capacitor branch 32 form an additional capacitor connected in parallel with the high-frequency radiating element 2. By changing the total equivalent capacitance of the high-frequency radiating element 2 through the additional capacitor, the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating element 2 is shifted out of the low-frequency operating frequency band.

[0015] According to the embodiment of the present invention, this device is used to suppress low-frequency common-mode resonance caused by electromagnetic coupling when the high-frequency radiating unit 2 and the low-frequency radiating unit are arranged adjacently in the antenna of a multi-frequency common-aperture base station, while maintaining the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiating unit 2. In the working state, the inherent parasitic inductance and parasitic capacitance of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 will form an internal resonant circuit. When arranged adjacently with the low-frequency radiating unit, the electromagnetic coupling between the two will excite low-frequency common-mode resonance, affecting the performance of the low-frequency port. The additional capacitor introduced by the capacitor loading component 3 is connected in parallel with the high-frequency radiating unit 2, thereby changing the total equivalent capacitance of the high-frequency radiating unit 2. According to the relationship between the resonant frequency and the inductance and capacitance, the change in the total equivalent capacitance causes the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 to shift, eliminating the low-frequency common-mode resonance caused by the coupling between the high-frequency radiating unit 2 and the low-frequency radiating unit, thereby improving the standing wave ratio of the low-frequency port, widening the operating bandwidth, and eliminating the distortion of the low-frequency radiation pattern.

[0016] In addition, the capacitor branch 32 is located on the side of the reflector and is connected to the reflector. The capacitor branch 32 is equivalent to an extension of the reflector 1. That is, the capacitance generated by the coupling patch 31 and the reflector 1 can also achieve the same effect.

[0017] Both the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor stub 32 are located on the existing structure of the high-frequency radiating unit 2, without occupying additional space, making them easy to manufacture and assemble. Furthermore, the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor stub 32 work in a non-contact coupling manner, without damaging the original structure of the high-frequency radiating unit 2, and without adding complex choke slots, short-circuit stubs, or lumped elements, thus avoiding interference with the high-frequency signal transmission path. While maintaining the original structure and radiation performance of the high-frequency radiating unit 2, it suppresses low-frequency common-mode resonance when arranged adjacent to the low-frequency radiating unit, improves the overall performance of the multi-frequency common-aperture base station antenna, and simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs.

[0018] According to the principle of this invention, let the inherent parasitic inductance of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 be L1 and the parasitic capacitance be C1. Therefore, the resonant frequency can be derived as follows: (L1·C1) By adding an additional capacitor C2, the new resonant frequency can be obtained as follows: (L1·(C1+C2)) Since f2 is less than f1, the new resonant frequency leaves the original operating frequency band and can be shifted to the preset operating frequency band.

[0019] The following detailed description uses specific examples: In some embodiments, the horizontal projections of the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor branch 32 at least partially overlap, and the overlapping region constitutes an additional capacitor. The area of ​​the overlapping region is positively correlated with the capacitance value of the additional capacitor. By adjusting the area of ​​the overlapping region, the capacitance value of the additional capacitor can be changed to adjust the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 to outside the desired operating frequency band.

[0020] When the horizontal projections of the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor branch 32 overlap, since the coupling patch 31 is electrically connected to the radiating arm 23 and the capacitor branch 32 is disposed on the balun 22, there is a potential difference between the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor branch 32. Electric field coupling is formed in the overlapping area, forming an additional capacitor in parallel with the high-frequency radiating unit 2. The larger the area of ​​the overlapping region, the larger the area of ​​electric field coupling between the coupling patch 31 and the capacitor branch 32, and the larger the capacitance value of the additional capacitor. Conversely, the smaller the area of ​​the overlapping region, the smaller the capacitance value of the additional capacitor. As the area of ​​the overlapping region changes, the capacitance value of the additional capacitor changes accordingly, thereby changing the total equivalent capacitance in parallel with the high-frequency radiating unit 2. According to the above resonant frequency formula, the change in the total equivalent capacitance will cause the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 to shift. Therefore, by adjusting the area of ​​the overlapping region, the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit 2 can be shifted to the required operating frequency band.

[0021] In some embodiments, the high-frequency radiation unit 2 is any one of a single-polarized radiation unit, a dual-polarized radiation unit, or a multi-polarized radiation unit. The low-frequency radiation unit is any one of a cross-shaped oscillator, a ring oscillator, or a dipole oscillator.

[0022] Single-polarization radiating units have a simple structure and are suitable for communication scenarios requiring a single polarization method. Dual-polarization radiating units can simultaneously transmit and receive signals with two orthogonal polarizations, achieving polarization diversity, improving channel capacity and resistance to multipath fading. Multi-polarization radiating units are suitable for polarization multiplexing scenarios. Regardless of the polarization method used, the capacitor loading component 3 of this invention is unaffected by the polarization method. Cross-shaped oscillators have good symmetry and high cross-polarization discrimination. Ring oscillators have a compact structure and wide bandwidth. Dipole oscillators have a simple structure and low cost. Regardless of the oscillator form used, low-frequency radiating units are distributed around the high-frequency radiating unit 2 and electrically connected to the radiating arm 23, arranged adjacent to the high-frequency radiating unit 2. By introducing parallel additional capacitors, low-frequency common-mode resonance caused by the adjacent layout is suppressed, and multiple low-frequency radiating unit forms can be compatible.

[0023] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technology of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device, characterized in that, include: Reflector (1); The high-frequency radiation unit (2) includes a balun (22) electrically connected to the reflector (1) and a radiation arm (23) connected to the balun (22). The low-frequency radiation unit is located around the high-frequency radiation unit (2) and is disposed on the reflector (1); The capacitor loading assembly (3) includes a coupling patch (31) connected to the radiating arm (23) and a capacitor stub (32) connected to the balun (22). The capacitor stub (32) is located on the side of the balun (22) closer to the reflector (1). The coupling patch (31) and the capacitor stub (32) form an additional capacitor connected in parallel with the high-frequency radiating unit (2). The total equivalent capacitance of the high-frequency radiating unit (2) is changed by the additional capacitor, thereby shifting the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit (2) out of the low-frequency operating frequency band.

2. The multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling patch (31) and the capacitor branch (32) at least partially overlap in the horizontal direction, and the overlapping area constitutes the additional capacitor.

3. The multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The area of ​​the overlapping region is positively correlated with the capacitance value of the additional capacitor. By adjusting the area of ​​the overlapping region, the capacitance value of the additional capacitor can be changed, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit (2) to outside the required operating frequency band.

4. The multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency radiation unit (2) is any one of a single-polarization radiation unit, a dual-polarization radiation unit, or a multi-polarization radiation unit.

5. A multi-frequency antenna with decoupling radiating element device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiation unit is any one of a cross-shaped oscillator, a ring oscillator, or a dipole oscillator.

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