Rapid separation equipment and process for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, in particular to coal pyrolysis oily ammonia water rapid separation equipment which comprises a coal pyrolyzing furnace, a Venturi tube primary cooling tower, a transverse tube cooler, an electrical tar precipitator, a coal gas fan, an ammonia water sediment tank, an ammonia water underground tank, a liquid inlet pump, an oily ammonia water rapid separation device, a middle water tank and a coke quenching water tank. Raw gas generated in the coal pyrolyzing furnace enters the venturi primary cooling tower after being sprayed, quenched and cooled through the ascending pipe and the bridge pipe. According to the invention, the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation process is respectively applied to the direct-cooling oil-containing ammonia water treatment process and the indirect-cooling oil-containing ammonia water treatment process, so that the problems of the oil-containing ammonia water treatment process in the coal pyrolysis purification process are solved; the problems that the settling separation load of an oily ammonia water circulating large tank is high, the emulsification degree of a system is increased and oil and water are not separated due to the fact that direct cooling oily ammonia water is mixed with oily ammonia water collected by a transverse pipe cooler intercooling and electrical tar precipitator are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal chemical technology, specifically to a rapid separation device and process for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] Oily ammonia water is wastewater produced during the pyrolysis of coal at medium and low temperatures (550-650℃). It contains high concentrations of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as coal tar, phenols, and ammonia, making it difficult to treat.

[0003] Currently, the oil-containing ammonia water generated during the coal pyrolysis (upgrading) purification process comes from different sources. After the oil-containing ammonia water from various sources is mixed, it enters the ammonia water circulation tank. The process of "separating tar and ammonia water by static sedimentation in the ammonia water circulation tank" is adopted. However, this process has a series of technical drawbacks.

[0004] 1. Conventional oil-water separation processes cannot effectively separate and remove coal tar from oil-containing ammonia water, resulting in difficult and ineffective oil-water separation. The reasons are as follows: ① Directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water has a higher temperature, while indirectly cooled oil-containing ammonia water has a lower temperature. After mixing, the system contains a more complex emulsion with diverse oil phase composition and coal dust types, further increasing the difficulty of oil-water separation; ② Relying on the natural settling and static separation in the ammonia water circulation tank cannot effectively separate coal tar and ammonia water. Light oil volatilization at the tank top and the inability to recover small-particle tar lead to resource waste, and on-site oil recovery operations pose significant safety hazards; ③ The oil-containing ammonia water processed by conventional oil-water separation processes is used as quenching water, which cannot guarantee the normal and stable operation of the quenching process.

[0005] 2. The properties of oil-containing ammonia water differ significantly from those of conventional oily wastewater. The density of light tar in oil-containing ammonia water is 0.96-0.99 g / cm³. 3 The density of heavy tar is between 1.02 and 1.05 g / cm³. 3 Between, and the density of water (1g / cm³) 3 When the density difference is small, conventional oil-water separation processes can separate larger oil droplets relatively quickly, but smaller oil droplets (such as dispersed oil and some emulsified oil) cannot be effectively separated, making oil-water separation difficult. The design of equipment structure, selection of packing and process combination in conventional oil-water separation processes are only suitable for oils with large density differences between oil and water. They are not specific for use in the separation of oil-containing ammonia water, have poor applicability, and have poor treatment effect. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art by proposing a rapid separation device for oil and ammonia water in coal pyrolysis.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis includes a coal pyrolysis furnace, a venturi tube primary cooling tower, a horizontal tube cooler, an electrostatic precipitator for tar, a gas blower, an ammonia water sedimentation tank, an underground ammonia water tank, an inlet pump, a rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water, an intermediate water tank, and a quenching water tank. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace is rapidly cooled by spraying through riser pipes and bridge pipes before entering the interior of the venturi tube primary cooling tower. The venturi tube primary cooling tower is fixedly connected to the horizontal tube cooler, and the horizontal tube cooler is connected to the electrostatic precipitator for tar. The tar precipitators are fixedly connected to each other, and the electrostatic tar precipitator is fixedly connected to the gas blower. The oil-containing ammonia water generated by spraying in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower enters the ammonia water settling tank. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank is separated by the settling tank, the ammonia water enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device through the inlet pump. The oil-containing ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler and the electrostatic tar precipitator is not mixed with the directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank and enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device separately through the inlet pump. The rapid oil-containing ammonia water separation device includes a fixed tank, a separation tank is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tank, and a separation mechanism is provided inside the separation tank.

[0008] Preferably, the separation mechanism includes a hollow rod that is rotatably connected through a sealing connection to the inner wall of the separation barrel. A spatial fiber mesh and a polymer organic composite membrane are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation barrel. A spiral conveying blade is fixedly connected to the side wall of the hollow rod. The spiral conveying blade is made of a superoleophilic and hydrophobic coalesced fiber material.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed bucket is located at the inner top of the space fiber mesh and the polymer organic composite membrane and is connected to the oil suction pipe. The fixed bucket is connected to the lower inner wall of the polymer organic composite membrane and is connected to the water outlet pipe. The spiral conveying blade is located away from the polymer organic composite membrane.

[0010] Preferably, the fixed barrel is provided with a gas conveying mechanism, which includes an L-shaped plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed barrel. A rotary joint is fixedly connected through the side wall of the L-shaped plate. One end of the hollow rod is fixedly connected to one end of the rotary joint, and the other end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe. The hollow rod has multiple air outlet holes on its inner wall inside the separation barrel. Each of the multiple air outlet holes is equipped with a one-way valve that only allows gas to flow out from the hollow rod.

[0011] Preferably, a servo motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate, and a first gear is fixedly connected to both the side wall of the servo motor output shaft and the side wall of the hollow rod, with the two first gears meshing with each other.

[0012] Preferably, the fixed bucket is provided with a layering mechanism, which includes two fixed rings fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed bucket. The side walls of the two fixed rings that are close to each other are provided with annular grooves. The inner walls of the two annular grooves are sealed and slidably connected with rotating rings. The outer wall of the fixed bucket is sealed and slidably connected with a rotating ring. The outer wall of the rotating ring is symmetrically fixedly connected with two liquid storage tanks. The side walls of the two rings that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the side walls of the two liquid storage tanks.

[0013] Preferably, the inner walls of the two lower annular grooves are provided with grooves, one groove is fixedly connected to an inlet pipe, and the other groove is fixedly connected to a dosing pipe. The inner wall of the storage tank near the inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a first pipe communicating with the side wall of the annulus, and the inner wall of the storage tank near the dosing pipe is fixedly connected to a second pipe communicating with the side wall of the annulus. The inner walls of the two storage tanks near the fixed barrel are both fixedly connected to outlet pipes communicating with the inner wall of the rotating ring. The top of the separation barrel is fixedly connected to a drain pipe communicating with the outer wall of the fixed barrel. The drain pipe and the outlet pipe cooperate with each other.

[0014] Preferably, a self-locking motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate, a second gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the output shaft of the self-locking motor, and a gear ring is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of one of the rings, with the second gear and the gear ring meshing with each other.

[0015] A rapid separation process for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis includes the following steps: S1. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace is cooled down by spraying through the riser pipe and bridge pipe and then enters the interior of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower. The spraying in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower generates directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water, which enters the ammonia water settling tank. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank is separated by the settling tank, the ammonia water enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device through the liquid inlet pump. S2. The raw coal gas in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower flows out through the horizontal tube cooler, the electrostatic tar precipitator and the gas blower. Subsequently, the oily ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler and the electrostatic tar precipitator does not mix with the direct-cooled oily ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank and enters the oily ammonia water rapid separation device separately through the liquid inlet pump. S3. After the oil-containing ammonia water enters the separation tank, the hollow rod rotates, which drives the spiral conveyor blade to rotate slowly to convey the oil-containing ammonia water. At this time, the spiral conveyor blade is a coalescing material with super oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. It uses wetting coalescence and collision coalescence to enhance the coalescence effect of tar in the oil-containing ammonia water. At the same time, the spatial fiber network promotes the coalescence of oil droplets. The high-molecular organic composite membrane can effectively treat the emulsified oil in the oil-containing ammonia water. S4. The separated tar can be extracted through the oil suction pipe, and the separated ammonia water can flow out through the water outlet pipe.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: 1. The rapid separation process of oil-containing ammonia water was applied to the treatment processes of direct-cooling and indirect-cooling oil-containing ammonia water to solve the problems existing in the treatment process of oil-containing ammonia water generated during coal pyrolysis purification. The rapid separation process of oil-containing ammonia water solved the problems of high settling and separation load in the oil-containing ammonia water circulation tank and the increased emulsification and non-separation of oil and water caused by the mixing of direct-cooling oil-containing ammonia water with indirect-cooling oil-containing ammonia water collected by horizontal tube cooler and electrostatic precipitator.

[0017] 2. Employing a multi-stage synergistic separation structure of super-oleophilic and hydrophobic spiral conveying blades, spatial fiber network, and high-molecular organic composite membrane, it can quickly achieve efficient separation of tar and ammonia water through multiple actions such as wetting and coalescence, collision coalescence, demulsification separation, and air flotation adsorption. It is particularly effective in treating emulsified oil and fine oil droplets, solving the problems of slow and incomplete separation in traditional static sedimentation separation.

[0018] 3. The oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device replaces the traditional ammonia water circulation tank, eliminating the need for multiple large settling tanks and supporting facilities. The equipment has a high degree of integration and small size, significantly reducing the civil engineering investment and site occupation of the coking coal pyrolysis site, while shortening the process flow. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid oil-ammonia-water separation device for coal pyrolysis proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rapid oil-ammonia-water separation device in a rapid oil-ammonia-water separation equipment for coal pyrolysis proposed in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vertical sectional structure; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure after the fixed ring and the circular ring are separated; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Coal pyrolysis furnace; 2. Venturi tube primary cooler; 3. Horizontal tube cooler; 4. Electrostatic precipitator for tar; 5. Gas blower; 6. Ammonia water settling tank; 7. Ammonia water underground tank; 8. Inlet pump; 9. Oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device; 10. Intermediate water tank; 11. Coke quenching water tank; 12. Fixed tank; 13. Separation tank; 14. Hollow rod; 15. Spatial fiber mesh; 16. Polymer organic composite membrane; 17. Spiral conveyor blade; 18. Oil suction pipe; 19. 20. Water outlet pipe; 21. L-shaped plate; 22. Rotary joint; 23. Air inlet pipe; 24. Air outlet; 25. Servo motor; 26. First gear; 27. Fixed ring; 28. Annular groove; 29. ​​Circular ring; 30. Rotating ring; 31. Liquid storage tank; 32. Groove; 33. Liquid inlet pipe; 34. Dosing pipe; 35. First pipe; 36. Second pipe; 37. Drain pipe; 38. Liquid outlet pipe; 39. Self-locking motor; 40. Second gear; 51. Gear ring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-7 A rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis includes a coal pyrolysis furnace 1, a venturi tube primary cooler 2, a horizontal tube cooler 3, an electrostatic precipitator 4, a gas blower 5, an ammonia water sedimentation tank 6, an underground ammonia water tank 7, an inlet pump 8, a rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water 9, an intermediate water tank 10, and a quenching water tank 11. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace 1 is rapidly cooled by spraying through riser pipes and bridge pipes before entering the interior of the venturi tube primary cooler 2. The venturi tube primary cooler 2 is fixedly connected to the horizontal tube cooler 3, the horizontal tube cooler 3 is fixedly connected to the electrostatic precipitator 4, and the electrostatic precipitator 4 is fixedly connected to the gas blower 5 (the outlet of the gas blower 5 is dry and clean coal gas). (For use in raw material gas and fuel gas) The direct-cooled oily ammonia water generated by the spray in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2 enters the ammonia water settling tank 6. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank 6 is separated by the sludge, the ammonia water enters the oily ammonia water rapid separation device 9 through the liquid inlet pump 8 (the separated ammonia water goes to the intermediate water tank 10 and the coke quenching water tank 11 or to the bridge pipe and the primary cooling tower spray gas for cooling, and the separated tar is recycled and sold). The oily ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler 3 and the electrostatic precipitator 4 is not mixed with the direct-cooled oily ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank 7 and enters the oily ammonia water rapid separation device 9 separately through the liquid inlet pump 8 (the separated ammonia water goes to the downstream water treatment system, and the separated tar goes to the tar storage tank).

[0023] Furthermore, the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device 9 completely replaces the existing ammonia water circulation tank. The ammonia water after settling in the slag tank enters the ammonia water rapid separation device, and the tar is separated and sent to the tar storage tank. The separated ammonia water can be used for coke quenching or gas spray washing and cooling.

[0024] Furthermore, a major problem with coal gas purification and desulfurization processes, including traditional wet oxidation desulfurization, is that light oil in the raw coal gas from coal pyrolysis (upgrading) cannot be removed. While electrostatic precipitator can remove some light oil, a large amount remains and enters the desulfurization liquid, causing contamination, hindering gas-liquid mass transfer, impeding sulfur foam formation, and affecting absorption efficiency. In this invention, a rapid oil-containing ammonia-water separation device 9 is used to fully recover the surface light oil in the ammonia-water settling tank 6, preventing light oil from circulating within the tank and being continuously carried into the bridge pipe and primary cooling tower to spray the raw coal gas. This meets the requirements of processes like wet oxidation desulfurization, improves desulfurization efficiency, and ensures the normal operation of the wet desulfurization unit.

[0025] The rapid oil-containing ammonia water separation device 9 includes a fixed tank 12, a separation tank 13 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tank 12, and a separation mechanism is provided inside the separation tank 13.

[0026] The separation mechanism includes a hollow rod 14 that is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the separation barrel 13 through a seal. A spatial fiber mesh 15 and a polymer organic composite membrane 16 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation barrel 13. A spiral conveying blade 17 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the hollow rod 14. The spiral conveying blade 17 is made of super oleophilic and hydrophobic coalesced fiber material.

[0027] The spiral conveyor blade 17 is made of super-oleophilic and hydrophobic coalescing fiber material, which enhances the coalescence effect of tar in oily ammonia water by utilizing wetting coalescence and collision coalescence. The spatial fiber mesh 15 promotes the coalescence of oil droplets. The polymer organic composite membrane 16 is made of polymer organic composite membrane material, which is an organic combination of super-hydrophilic modified composite fiber membrane and super-hydrophobic modified composite fiber membrane to form an asymmetric super-wetting composite fiber membrane. It has a multi-level structure and high porosity, large specific surface area, and is not easily contaminated by oil. It can effectively treat the emulsified oil in oily ammonia water, recover some coal tar, and generate economic benefits. Through the organic combination of these three materials, combined with the slow spiral conveying design of the spiral conveyor blade 17, the residence time of oily ammonia water in the equipment is increased, and the oil-water separation effect of oily ammonia water is enhanced.

[0028] The fixed barrel 12 is located between the spatial fiber mesh 15 and the polymer organic composite membrane 16. The oil suction pipe 18 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed barrel 12. The water outlet pipe 19 is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the fixed barrel 12 near the polymer organic composite membrane 16. The spiral conveying blade 17 is set away from the polymer organic composite membrane 16.

[0029] Furthermore, the suction pipe 18 is connected to an external oil pump, which can remove the tar that has been separated and is floating above the ammonia water, while the water outlet pipe 19 can discharge the separated ammonia water.

[0030] The fixed barrel 12 is equipped with a gas supply mechanism, which includes an L-shaped plate 20 fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed barrel 12. A rotary joint 21 is fixedly connected through the side wall of the L-shaped plate 20. One end of the hollow rod 14 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotary joint 21, and the other end of the rotary joint 21 is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe 22. The hollow rod 14 is located in the inner wall of the separation barrel 13 and has multiple air outlet holes 23. Each of the multiple air outlet holes 23 is equipped with a one-way valve that only allows gas to flow out from the hollow rod 14.

[0031] A servo motor 24 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate 20. The output shaft side wall of the servo motor 24 and the side wall of the hollow rod 14 are both fixedly connected to the first gear 25, and the two first gears 25 mesh with each other.

[0032] The air inlet pipe 22 is connected to an external air pump. Gas can be delivered into the separation tank 13 through the air inlet pipe 22, rotary joint 21, hollow rod 14 and multiple air outlets 23, so that microbubbles are generated in the ammonia water, which adsorb the fine oil droplets (especially emulsified oil) in the ammonia water and carry them to the surface. The servo motor 24 is driven to rotate, which drives the hollow rod 14 to rotate through the two first gears 25, which drives the spiral conveyor blade 17 to rotate slowly, accelerating the adsorption of fine oil droplets in the ammonia water by the bubbles.

[0033] The fixed bucket 12 is provided with a layering mechanism, which includes two fixed rings 26 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed bucket 12. The side walls of the two fixed rings 26 that are close to each other are provided with annular grooves 27. The inner walls of the two annular grooves 27 are sealed and slidably connected with rotating rings 28. The outer wall of the fixed bucket 12 is sealed and slidably connected with a rotating ring 29. The outer wall of the rotating ring 29 is symmetrically fixedly connected with two liquid storage tanks 30. The side walls of the two rings 28 that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the side walls of the two liquid storage tanks 30.

[0034] The inner walls of the two annular grooves 27 located below are each provided with a groove 31. The inner wall of one groove 31 is fixedly connected to an inlet pipe 32, and the inner wall of the other groove 31 is fixedly connected to a dosing pipe 33. The inner wall of the storage tank 30 near the inlet pipe 32 is fixedly connected to a first pipe 34 that communicates with the side wall of the annulus 28. The inner wall of the storage tank 30 near the dosing pipe 33 is fixedly connected to a second pipe 35 that communicates with the side wall of the annulus 28. The inner walls of the two storage tanks 30 near the fixed barrel 12 are both fixedly connected to outlet pipes 37 that communicate with the inner side wall of the rotating ring 29. The top of the separation barrel 13 is fixedly connected to a drain pipe 36 that communicates with the outer side wall of the fixed barrel 12. The drain pipe 36 and the outlet pipe 37 cooperate with each other.

[0035] The oil-containing ammonia water enters the corresponding first pipe 34 through the inlet pipe 32 and groove 31, and then enters the storage tank 30 located below. The dosing pipe 33 is connected to an external dosing pump. Tar ammonia water separator can be added to the storage tank 30 located below through the dosing pipe 33, groove 31 and second pipe 35 to neutralize the surface charge of solid particles, destroy the emulsion film, and cause small oil droplets to coalesce into large oil droplets, accelerating sedimentation or floating. At the same time, it can improve the tar dehydration effect and reduce the oil content of ammonia water. At this time, the oil-containing ammonia water in the storage tank 30 located below will not flow out. The oily ammonia water in the upper storage tank 30 will flow out through the drain pipe 36 which is directly opposite the outlet pipe 37. At this time, the first pipe 34 and the second pipe 35 are far away from the groove 31 respectively. At the same time, the openings of the first pipe 34 and the second pipe 35 are sealed and fitted with the inner wall of the annular groove 27, so that the oily ammonia water will not flow out.

[0036] A self-locking motor 38 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate 20. A second gear 39 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the output shaft of the self-locking motor 38. A toothed ring 40 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of one of the rings 28. The second gear 39 and the toothed ring 40 mesh with each other.

[0037] The self-locking motor 38 is driven to rotate, which in turn drives one of the rings 28 to rotate through the second gear 39 and the gear ring 40. This allows the two liquid storage tanks 30 to rotate half a turn and then switch positions, so that the lower liquid storage tank 30 can always remain stationary and effectively separate the tar inside it. Meanwhile, the upper liquid storage tank 30 can be filled with oily ammonia water into the separation tank 13 without affecting its separation efficiency.

[0038] A rapid separation process for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis includes the following steps: S1. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace 1 is cooled down by spraying through the riser pipe and bridge pipe and then enters the interior of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2. The spraying in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2 generates directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water, which enters the ammonia water settling tank 6. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank 6 is separated by the settling tank, the ammonia water enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device 9 through the liquid inlet pump 8. S2. The raw coal gas in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2 flows out through the horizontal tube cooler 3, the electrostatic precipitator 4 and the coal gas fan 5. Then, the oily ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler 3 and the electrostatic precipitator 4 does not mix with the direct-cooled oily ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank 7 and enters the oily ammonia water rapid separation device 9 separately through the liquid inlet pump 8. S3. After the oil-containing ammonia water enters the separation tank 13, the hollow rod 14 rotates, driving the spiral conveyor blade 17 to rotate slowly to convey the oil-containing ammonia water. At this time, the spiral conveyor blade 17 is a super oleophilic and hydrophobic coalescing material. It uses wetting coalescing and collision coalescing to enhance the coalescing effect of tar in the oil-containing ammonia water. At the same time, the spatial fiber mesh 15 promotes the coalescing of oil droplets. The polymer organic composite membrane 16 can effectively treat the emulsified oil in the oil-containing ammonia water. S4. The separated tar can be extracted through the oil suction pipe 18, and the separated ammonia water flows out through the water outlet pipe 19.

[0039] This invention applies a rapid separation process for oil-containing ammonia water to both direct-cooling and indirect-cooling oil-containing ammonia water treatment processes, addressing problems inherent in the treatment of oil-containing ammonia water generated during coal pyrolysis (upgrading) purification. The rapid separation process resolves issues such as high settling and separation loads in the large circulating tank for oil-containing ammonia water, and the increased emulsification and lack of oil-water separation caused by the mixing of directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water with oil-containing ammonia water collected by the horizontal tube cooler 3, indirect cooler, and electrostatic precipitator 4. It also replaces the large circulating tank for ammonia water, reducing the number of large separation tanks required for oil-water separation in the large circulating tank. This invention addresses the problems of large equipment footprint and poor separation efficiency in conventional oil-water separation processes. It solves the resource waste caused by the volatilization of light components and the inability to recover small-particle tar due to static settling in large ammonia water circulation tanks, as well as the safety issues associated with oil collection in the upper tank. It achieves rapid oil removal and purification of ammonia water, ensuring the stable and normal operation of the quenching process. It also solves the problems of difficult oil-water separation and low oil-water separation efficiency caused by the small density difference between light and heavy tar and water in oily ammonia water. Furthermore, it addresses the issues of unspecific equipment structure, packing selection, and process combination design in conventional oil-water separation processes, which result in poor applicability and ineffective treatment of oily ammonia water.

[0040] The raw coal gas coming out from the top of the coal pyrolysis furnace 1 is cooled down to about 70°C by ammonia spraying through the riser pipe and bridge pipe. It then enters the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2. The upper part of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower (2) is equipped with an ammonia spraying device. The ammonia water is used to further wash and cool the raw coal gas from the coal pyrolysis to about 65°C. The tar and ammonia water mixture after washing flows from the bottom of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2 into the ammonia water sediment tank 6. The raw coal gas coming out from the bottom of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower 2 and cooled to about 65°C enters the horizontal tube cooler 3. After separating the large particles of tar and ammonia water, the temperature drops to about 25°C and enters the electrostatic precipitator 4. Tar, impurities, and dust in the raw coal gas are further removed, and most of the tar is condensed. The removed condensate and oil mixture are separately fed into the underground ammonia tank 7, and then sent to the oil-containing ammonia rapid separation device 9 via the inlet pump 8. Through the synergistic effect of the spatial fiber mesh 15, the polymer organic composite membrane 16, and the super-oleophilic and hydrophobic coalescing fiber material, the coalescence of oil droplets is promoted, and the emulsified oil in the oil-containing ammonia water is effectively treated. Combined with the slow spiral conveying design of the spiral conveyor blade 17, the oil-water separation effect of the oil-containing ammonia water is enhanced, and some coal tar is recovered, generating economic benefits. The separated tar is sent to the oil storage tank for tar sale, and the separated ammonia water is sent to the sewage treatment plant for treatment, without mixing with the direct cooling condensate. The oil-containing ammonia water in the ammonia water sedimentation tank 6 is directly cooled and sent to the oil-containing ammonia rapid separation device 9 via the inlet pump 8 for tar recovery. The separated ammonia water is fed into the bridge pipe and the top circulating spray of the venturi tube primary cooling tower for coke quenching.

[0041] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis, characterized in that, The system includes a coal pyrolysis furnace, a venturi tube primary cooler, a horizontal tube cooler, an electrostatic precipitator, a gas blower, an ammonia water sedimentation tank, an ammonia water underground tank, an inlet pump, an oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device, an intermediate water tank, and a quenching water tank. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace is rapidly cooled by spraying through riser pipes and bridge pipes before entering the venturi tube primary cooler. The venturi tube primary cooler is fixedly connected to the horizontal tube cooler, and the horizontal tube cooler is fixedly connected to the electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator is fixedly connected to the gas blower. The oil-containing ammonia water generated by spraying in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower enters the ammonia water settling tank. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank is separated by the settling tank, the ammonia water enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device through the inlet pump. The oil-containing ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler and the electrostatic precipitator is not mixed with the directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank and enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device separately through the inlet pump. The rapid oil-containing ammonia water separation device includes a fixed tank, a separation tank is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tank, and a separation mechanism is provided inside the separation tank.

2. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation mechanism includes a hollow rod that is rotatably connected through a sealed connection to the inner wall of the separation barrel. A spatial fiber mesh and a polymer organic composite membrane are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation barrel. A spiral conveying blade is fixedly connected to the side wall of the hollow rod. The spiral conveying blade is made of superoleophilic and hydrophobic coalesced fiber material.

3. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed barrel is located between the spatial fiber mesh and the polymer organic composite membrane, with an oil suction pipe fixedly connected to its inner top. The fixed barrel is also fixedly connected to a water outlet pipe near the lower inner wall of the polymer organic composite membrane. The spiral conveying blade is positioned away from the polymer organic composite membrane.

4. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed barrel is equipped with a gas conveying mechanism, which includes an L-shaped plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed barrel. A rotary joint is fixedly connected through the side wall of the L-shaped plate. One end of the hollow rod is fixedly connected to one end of the rotary joint, and the other end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected to an air inlet pipe. The hollow rod has multiple air outlet holes on its inner wall inside the separation barrel. Each of the multiple air outlet holes is equipped with a one-way valve that only allows gas to flow out from the hollow rod.

5. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that, A servo motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate. A first gear is fixedly connected to both the side wall of the servo motor output shaft and the side wall of the hollow rod, and the two first gears mesh with each other.

6. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed bucket is provided with a layering mechanism, which includes two fixed rings fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed bucket. The side walls of the two fixed rings that are close to each other are provided with annular grooves. The inner walls of the two annular grooves are sealed and slidably connected with rotating rings. The outer wall of the fixed bucket is sealed and slidably connected with a rotating ring. The outer wall of the rotating ring is symmetrically fixedly connected with two liquid storage tanks. The side walls of the two rings that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the side walls of the two liquid storage tanks.

7. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner walls of the two annular grooves located below are each provided with a groove. One groove is fixedly connected to an inlet pipe, and the other groove is fixedly connected to a dosing pipe. The inner wall of the storage tank near the inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a first pipe that communicates with the side wall of the annulus. The inner wall of the storage tank near the dosing pipe is fixedly connected to a second pipe that communicates with the side wall of the annulus. The inner walls of both storage tanks near the fixed barrel are fixedly connected to outlet pipes that communicate with the inner wall of the rotating ring. The top of the separation barrel is fixedly connected to a drain pipe that communicates with the outer wall of the fixed barrel. The drain pipe and the outlet pipe cooperate with each other.

8. The rapid separation equipment for oil-containing ammonia water in coal pyrolysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, A self-locking motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the L-shaped plate, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the output shaft of the self-locking motor. A gear ring is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of one of the rings, and the second gear and the gear ring mesh with each other.

9. A rapid separation process for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis, comprising a rapid separation device for oil-containing ammonia water from coal pyrolysis as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S1. The raw coal gas generated in the coal pyrolysis furnace is cooled down by spraying through the riser pipe and bridge pipe and then enters the interior of the Venturi tube primary cooling tower. The spraying in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower generates directly cooled oil-containing ammonia water, which enters the ammonia water settling tank. After the tar ammonia water in the ammonia water settling tank is separated by the settling tank, the ammonia water enters the oil-containing ammonia water rapid separation device through the liquid inlet pump. S2. The raw coal gas in the Venturi tube primary cooling tower flows out through the horizontal tube cooler, the electrostatic tar precipitator and the gas blower. Subsequently, the oily ammonia water produced by the horizontal tube cooler and the electrostatic tar precipitator does not mix with the direct-cooled oily ammonia water. It enters the ammonia water underground tank and enters the oily ammonia water rapid separation device separately through the liquid inlet pump. S3. After the oil-containing ammonia water enters the separation tank, the hollow rod rotates, which drives the spiral conveyor blade to rotate slowly to convey the oil-containing ammonia water. At this time, the spiral conveyor blade is a coalescing material with super oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. It uses wetting coalescence and collision coalescence to enhance the coalescence effect of tar in the oil-containing ammonia water. At the same time, the spatial fiber network promotes the coalescence of oil droplets. The high-molecular organic composite membrane can effectively treat the emulsified oil in the oil-containing ammonia water. S4. The separated tar can be extracted through the oil suction pipe, and the separated ammonia water can flow out through the water outlet pipe.

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