An anti-seismic and long-term power supply installation structure of a converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor

Abstract

This invention discloses a seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for a sensor used in monitoring underground pipelines of a converter station. Belonging to the field of sensor installation and fixing technology, it includes a first sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the pipeline and a second sensor fixing assembly for fixing to a manhole cover. The first sensor fixing assembly includes a first housing, a temperature sensor disposed within the first housing, a heat-conducting medium, and a first fixing device. This invention employs a dual mechanical fixing structure of clamp insertion and nylon cable ties, combined with a composite vibration-resistant design of screw fastening and epoxy resin adhesive bonding of the second sensor fixing assembly. These structures are suitable for both pipeline and manhole cover installation scenarios, effectively resisting the risk of loosening caused by converter station equipment vibration, ensuring long-term stable contact between the sensor and the measured object, avoiding installation failure due to vibration, and the cable ties effectively preventing misalignment, further improving installation stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sensor installation and fixing technology, and in particular to a seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for sensors used in monitoring underground pipelines in converter stations. Background Technology

[0002] As a core hub of the power system, the safe and stable operation of underground pipelines (such as cables and fire-fighting pipes) in converter stations directly affects the reliable power supply of the power grid. To monitor the status of underground pipelines, it is usually necessary to install monitoring equipment such as temperature sensors and tilt sensors at the pipelines and manhole covers to obtain key data such as temperature and displacement in real time.

[0003] Currently, the installation of sensors in underground pipelines is relatively simple: temperature sensors are often directly tied to cables with cable ties; tilt sensors are fixed to the back of manhole covers with screws or glue. However, during the operation of converter stations, vibrations generated by equipment such as transformers and circuit breakers are continuously transmitted to underground pipelines and manhole covers. Simple binding or gluing methods are prone to causing sensors to loosen and fall off due to long-term vibration, resulting in poor contact between the sensor and the measured object. This not only leads to inaccurate temperature monitoring and tilt monitoring failure but may also cause safety hazards. In addition, the existing installation structure does not fully consider the convenience of maintenance, especially for sensors with built-in long-life batteries. After the battery is depleted, the disassembly and reinstallation process is cumbersome and the maintenance cost is high.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN117212714B discloses a monitoring node component and a wireless monitoring system for fire-fighting pipelines in converter stations. This system uses an installation body, a joystick, and an electromagnetic drive to form a sampling flow path, introducing water from inside the pipeline into a sampling chamber. Sensors detect changes in water temperature and pressure caused by leaks. This solution is suitable for embedded installation at branch interfaces of fire-fighting pipelines, but its complex structure does not address the reliability design of sensor fixation under vibration environments, failing to solve the problems of sensor detachment, inaccurate temperature measurement, and inconvenient maintenance in underground pipelines of converter stations. Another prior art technology, Chinese patent document CN217467199U, discloses a pipeline probe that uses ultrasonic principles for pipeline detection. Although it includes a buffer device, this is only used to prevent probe breakage and does not address the design of a fixed structure for the monitoring sensor, pipeline, or manhole cover. Similarly, it cannot meet the vibration environment requirements of converter stations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for underground pipeline monitoring sensors in converter stations. It aims to solve the problems of sensor not being securely fixed, easily loosening, inaccurate temperature / tilt monitoring, inconvenient sensor maintenance and replacement, and insufficient power supply in the vibration environment of converter stations.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention proposes a seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for a monitoring sensor for underground pipelines in a converter station, comprising a first sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the pipeline and a second sensor fixing assembly for fixing to a manhole cover. The first sensor fixing assembly includes a first housing, a temperature sensor disposed within the first housing, a thermally conductive medium, and a first fixing device; The first housing forms a first receiving cavity for accommodating the temperature sensor; The bottom of the first housing is provided with an adapter groove for fitting against the outer wall of the pipeline, and the inner wall of the adapter groove is provided with an anti-slip structure. The thermally conductive medium is filled between the fitting groove and the pipeline; The first fixing device includes a clamp and a cable tie. The first housing has sockets on both sides for inserting the ends of the clamps. The cable ties are tied between the first housing and the clamps. The second sensor fixing assembly includes a second housing, a tilt sensor disposed within the second housing, and a second fixing device; The second housing consists of a detachably connected second bottom shell and a second top cover, forming a second receiving cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor; The second fixing device includes self-tapping screws and an adhesive layer; The second housing has a fixing lug with a mounting hole on its edge, and the self-tapping screw passes through the mounting hole and is threaded to the manhole cover; the bottom edge of the second housing has a roughened chamfer, and the adhesive layer is disposed between the chamfer and the manhole cover.

[0007] Optionally, the first housing consists of a first bottom shell (101) and a first top cover (102), and the first bottom shell and the first top cover are detachably connected by a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0008] Optionally, the curvature of the adapting groove is adapted to the curvature of the pipeline, and the anti-slip structure is anti-slip protrusions distributed on the inner wall of the adapting groove.

[0009] Optionally, the thermally conductive medium is thermally conductive silicone filled between the adapter groove and the pipeline, and its thermal conductivity is not less than 1.5 W / (m·K).

[0010] Optionally, the upper surface of the first cover and the outer surface of the clamp are respectively provided with a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove, the width of the cable tie matches the width of the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove, and the cable tie is embedded in the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove.

[0011] Optionally, the cable ties are made of nylon material.

[0012] Optionally, the fixing ears are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the second housing and are integrally formed with the second housing.

[0013] Optionally, the second housing consists of a second bottom shell (201) and a second top cover (202), the second bottom shell and the second top cover being made of metal and being fixedly connected by bolts.

[0014] Optionally, battery compartments are provided on the inner sides of both the first bottom shell and the second bottom shell.

[0015] Optionally, the battery compartment in the first bottom shell is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, and the battery compartment in the second bottom shell is electrically connected to the tilt sensor.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The anti-vibration and long-term power supply installation structure of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the present invention, by setting up a first sensor fixing component, adopts a double mechanical fixing structure of clamp insertion and nylon cable tie binding, combined with the second sensor fixing component of screw fastening and epoxy resin adhesive bonding composite anti-vibration design, is adapted to the installation scenarios of pipelines and manhole covers respectively, can effectively resist the risk of loosening caused by the vibration of converter station equipment, ensure that the sensor is stably attached to the measured body for a long time, and avoid installation failure due to vibration.

[0017] 2. The anti-seismic and long-term power supply installation structure of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the present invention, by providing a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove, allows the cable tie to be embedded in the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove, which can effectively prevent the cable tie from deviating and further improve the installation stability.

[0018] 3. The anti-vibration and long-term power supply installation structure of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the present invention precisely matches the curvature of the pipeline with the matching groove of the first bottom shell. The inner wall is provided with thermally conductive silicone, and the high thermal conductivity silicone fully covers the inner side of the matching groove, which not only ensures the tightness of physical contact, but also improves the temperature conduction efficiency, improves the temperature monitoring accuracy, and solves the problem of inaccurate temperature measurement in traditional installation.

[0019] 4. The anti-vibration and long-term power supply installation structure of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the present invention provides a long-term stable power supply to the sensor by building independent battery compartments in the bottom shells of the two sensors and directly connecting them to the corresponding sensors through wires. This eliminates the need to rely on external power supplies or frequently replace external power supplies, meeting the power supply requirements for long-term monitoring of underground pipelines in converter stations. Furthermore, the first sensor housing is connected by snap-fit ​​for easy removal, and the second sensor housing is fixed by bolts. The clamp is designed as a quick-release structure, allowing for sensor disassembly and battery replacement without complicated tools, greatly simplifying the maintenance process and reducing the total life cycle maintenance cost. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first sensor fixing component in the seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor for the converter station, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second sensor fixing component in the seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor for the converter station, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the first sensor fixing component of the seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor in the converter station, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 4 An exploded view of a partial structure of the first sensor fixing component in the seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor for the converter station, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clamp structure for the installation of a seismic-resistant and long-term power supply sensor for monitoring underground pipelines in a converter station, as shown in the example. Figure 6 This is an exploded view of a partial structure of the second sensor fixing component in the seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor for the converter station, as shown in the embodiment.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. First bottom shell; 102. First top cover; 103. Adaptive groove; 104. Insertion port; 105. Clamp; 106. Cable tie; 107. Anti-slip protrusion; 108. Thermally conductive silicone; 201. Second bottom shell; 202. Second top cover; 203. Fixing ear; 204. Self-tapping screw; 3. Pipeline; 4. Manhole cover; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Tilt sensor; 7. First positioning groove; 8. Second positioning groove; 9. Battery compartment.

[0022] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In the converter station underground pipeline monitoring system, the continuous vibrations generated by the transformer and circuit breaker during operation are transmitted through the foundation to the underground pipelines and manhole covers, causing the sensor fixing structures, which are installed using cable ties or adhesive, to fail. Specifically, temperature sensors are directly fixed to the cable surface, and tilt sensors are fixed to the back of the manhole cover. Long-term vibration causes the fixing points to loosen, resulting in poor contact between the sensors and the measured objects, leading to inaccurate temperature monitoring data and failure of the tilt monitoring function. Furthermore, this problem directly affects the data reliability and operational stability of the monitoring system, increasing safety hazards. At the same time, the existing installation structure lacks optimized maintenance procedures; especially after the sensor's internal battery is depleted, disassembly and reinstallation are complex, reducing operational efficiency.

[0026] For example, in a converter station's cable trench, temperature sensors are fixed to the outer wall of the high-voltage cable with cable ties, while tilt sensors are glued to the inner surface of manhole covers. When the converter station is operating at full load, equipment vibration is transmitted to the underground structure, causing the cable ties to loosen and the glue's adhesive strength to weaken, leading to sensor displacement or detachment. Consequently, the temperature sensors cannot accurately obtain real-time cable temperatures, and the tilt sensors output abnormal angle data. The monitoring system misinterprets this as pipeline displacement or abnormal opening of the manhole cover, triggering invalid alarms. Furthermore, maintenance personnel must repeatedly interrupt normal monitoring for on-site resets, increasing the burden of daily maintenance and affecting the system's continuous operation capability.

[0027] In this regard, refer to Figures 1-6 The present invention provides an earthquake-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for a monitoring sensor for underground pipelines in a converter station, including a first sensor fixing assembly for fixing on the pipeline 3 and a second sensor fixing assembly for fixing on the manhole cover 4. The first sensor fixing assembly includes a first housing, a temperature sensor 5 disposed within the first housing, a heat-conducting medium, and a first fixing device; The first housing consists of a detachably connected first bottom shell 101 and a first top cover 102, forming a first receiving cavity for accommodating the temperature sensor 5; The bottom of the first bottom shell 101 is provided with an adapter groove 103 for fitting with the outer wall of the pipeline 3, and the inner wall of the adapter groove 103 is provided with an anti-slip structure. The heat-conducting medium is filled between the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3; The first fixing device includes a clamp 105 and a cable tie 106. The first bottom shell 101 has insertion ports 104 on both sides for inserting the end of the clamp 105. The cable tie 106 is tied between the first top cover 102 and the clamp 105. The second sensor fixing assembly includes a second housing, an tilt sensor 6 disposed within the second housing, and a second fixing device; The second housing consists of a detachably connected second bottom shell 201 and a second top cover 202, forming a second receiving cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor 6; The second fixing device includes a self-tapping screw 204 and an adhesive layer; The edge of the second bottom shell 201 is provided with a fixing lug 203 with a mounting hole, and the self-tapping screw 204 passes through the mounting hole and is threaded to the well cover 4; the bottom edge of the second bottom shell 201 is provided with a roughened chamfer, and the adhesive layer is provided between the chamfer and the well cover 4.

[0028] The mounting structure of this embodiment aims to solve the problems of sensors being prone to loosening and falling off in vibration environments and being inconvenient to maintain in the prior art.

[0029] The installation structure includes a first sensor fixing assembly for securing it to the pipeline 3 and a second sensor fixing assembly for securing it to the manhole cover 4. The first sensor fixing assembly can be fixed to the pipeline 3 in various ways, such as by directly adhering the assembly to the outer wall of the pipeline 3 with a simple adhesive, or by wrapping the assembly with universal strapping. Similarly, the second sensor fixing assembly can be fixed to the manhole cover 4 using adhesive or magnetic adsorption. These fixing methods can achieve initial sensor installation, but their reliability under long-term vibration environments has room for improvement.

[0030] The first sensor fixing assembly further includes a first housing, a temperature sensor 5 disposed within the first housing, a thermally conductive medium, and a first fixing device. The first housing can be made of plastic or metal and is assembled using bolts or clips to accommodate the temperature sensor 5. The temperature sensor 5 can be any commercially available temperature sensing element, such as a thermistor or thermocouple, which is placed inside the first housing. The thermally conductive medium can be common thermal grease or thermal pads, applied manually or placed in place. The first fixing device can be a simple metal clamp or universal cable ties. This combination of components enables the encapsulation and initial fixing of the temperature sensor 5, but improvements in thermal conductivity and fixing stability are still possible.

[0031] The first housing has an internal cavity for accommodating the temperature sensor 5. This cavity can be integrally formed by a mold or formed by joining two half-housing halves together. The cavity is designed to provide a protected space for the temperature sensor 5 and ensure its position within the housing.

[0032] The bottom of the first housing is provided with a fitting groove 103 for conforming to the outer wall of the pipeline 3, and the inner wall of the fitting groove 103 is provided with an anti-slip structure. The fitting groove 103 can be designed as a simple V-shaped or U-shaped groove, formed by machining or molding. The anti-slip structure can be formed on the inner wall of the fitting groove 103 by etching or embossing to create straight lines or dotted protrusions. This design allows the first housing to initially match the shape of the pipeline 3 and provides a certain degree of anti-slip capability.

[0033] The thermally conductive medium is filled between the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3. The filling of the thermally conductive medium can be done manually by squeezing or spreading to ensure a thermally conductive path exists between the first housing and the pipeline 3. This filling process aims to improve the response speed of the temperature sensor 5 to temperature changes in the pipeline 3.

[0034] The first fixing device includes a clamp 105 and a cable tie 106. The first housing has insertion ports 104 on both sides for the ends of the clamp 105 to be inserted. The cable tie 106 is secured between the first housing and the clamp 105. The clamp 105 can be made of metal or plastic and is connected by bolts or buckles. The cable tie 106 can be ordinary plastic or metal cable ties, secured manually. The insertion ports 104 can have simple rectangular or circular holes pre-drilled on the side wall of the first housing. This combined fixing method aims to provide a stronger fixing force than a single binding.

[0035] The second sensor mounting assembly includes a second housing, a tilt sensor 6 disposed within the second housing, and a second mounting device. The second housing can be made of plastic or metal and is assembled using bolts or adhesive to house the tilt sensor 6. The tilt sensor 6 can be any commercially available tilt measuring element, such as a MEMS tilt sensor, which is placed inside the second housing. The second mounting device can use simple screws or adhesive. This combination of components enables the encapsulation and initial fixation of the tilt sensor 6, but there is still room for improvement in terms of fixation stability and vibration resistance.

[0036] The second housing forms a second receiving cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor 6. This receiving cavity can be integrally formed by a mold or formed by joining two half-housing halves together. The receiving cavity is designed to provide a protected space for the tilt sensor 6 and ensure its position within the housing.

[0037] The second fixing device includes a self-tapping screw 204 and an adhesive layer. The self-tapping screw 204 can be a commercially available ordinary self-tapping screw, which is directly screwed into the manhole cover 4 using a power tool. The adhesive layer can be a common epoxy resin adhesive or silicone sealant, applied manually. This combined fixing method is designed to provide stronger fixing force than a single screw or adhesive.

[0038] The second housing has mounting lugs 203 with mounting holes on its edge. Self-tapping screws 204 pass through these mounting holes and are threaded onto the manhole cover 4. The bottom edge of the second housing has a roughened chamfer, and the adhesive layer is disposed between the chamfer and the manhole cover 4. The mounting lugs 203 can be individually machined from metal sheets and then connected to the edge of the second housing by welding or riveting, with mounting holes drilled in them. The roughened chamfer can be formed by hand grinding or sanding. This design aims to enhance the fixing strength between the second housing and the manhole cover 4 through a combination of mechanical connection and adhesive bonding.

[0039] For example, in a scenario where temperature monitoring is performed on an underground cable (pipeline 3) and displacement or tilt monitoring is performed on an adjacent maintenance manhole cover (manhole cover 4), the continuous vibration generated by the operating equipment of the converter station poses a challenge to the long-term stable operation of the sensor. Therefore, in this embodiment, the installation structure for temperature monitoring of pipeline 3 employs a first sensor fixing assembly. The bottom of the first housing of the assembly is designed with an adaptation groove 103, the shape of which matches the curvature of the outer wall of pipeline 3, allowing the first housing to fit tightly against pipeline 3. The inner wall of the adaptation groove 103 is also provided with an anti-slip structure, such as a series of protrusions, which increase the friction between the first housing and pipeline 3, effectively preventing the first housing from sliding along pipeline 3 under vibration. The gap between the first housing and pipeline 3 is filled with a heat-conducting medium to ensure that the temperature sensor 5 inside the first housing can efficiently and accurately sense temperature changes in pipeline 3. Subsequently, the first housing is fixed by a first fixing device. The fixing device includes a clamp 105 and a cable tie 106. The ends of the clamp 105 are inserted into the sockets 104 on both sides of the first housing, forming a ring-shaped fixation for the first housing and the pipeline 3. The cable ties 106 are further tied between the first housing and the clamp 105, providing additional fastening force, thereby forming a multi-layered and stable fixing structure that effectively resists the vibration generated by the operation of the converter station and ensures the long-term stable operation and temperature measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor 5.

[0040] For monitoring the displacement or tilt of the manhole cover 4, a second sensor fixing assembly is employed. The second housing of this assembly houses the tilt sensor 6. The edge of the second housing has fixing lugs 203 with pre-drilled mounting holes. Self-tapping screws 204 are threaded directly onto the manhole cover 4 through these mounting holes, forming a secure mechanical fixation. To further enhance the fixing effect and provide cushioning, the bottom edge of the second housing is designed with a roughened chamfer, and an adhesive layer is provided between the chamfer and the manhole cover 4. This adhesive layer not only provides additional adhesive force but also absorbs some vibration energy, reducing the impact of vibration on the tilt sensor 6. Through the mechanical connection of the self-tapping screws 204 and the auxiliary fixation of the adhesive layer, the second sensor fixing assembly can be reliably fixed to the manhole cover 4. Even under continuous vibration, the tilt sensor 6 can maintain a stable working state, providing accurate displacement or tilt data.

[0041] Therefore, the installation structure, through the synergistic action of the first and second sensor fixing components, achieves vibration-resistant fixation of the temperature sensor 5 and the tilt sensor 6 under vibration conditions. The first sensor fixing component utilizes the combination of the adapting groove 103, anti-slip structure, heat-conducting medium, and clamps 105 and cable ties 106 to ensure tight contact and stable fixation between the temperature sensor 5 and the pipeline 3. The second sensor fixing component, through the combination of fixing ears 203, self-tapping screws 204, roughened chamfers, and adhesive layers, ensures the secure installation and vibration resistance of the tilt sensor 6 on the manhole cover 4. The various technical features of the overall solution work together to solve the problems of sensor loosening, detachment, and inaccurate data monitoring under vibration conditions.

[0042] In existing technologies, temperature sensors are typically simply tied to pipelines with cable ties, while tilt sensors are fixed to the back of manhole covers with screws or glue. This rudimentary fixing method is highly susceptible to causing sensors to loosen or fall off in the continuous vibration environment of converter stations. This can lead to poor contact between the sensor and the measured object, resulting in inaccurate temperature monitoring data, failure of tilt monitoring function, and even potential safety hazards.

[0043] Based on this, this embodiment effectively overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by introducing multiple, synergistic fixing mechanisms. For example, in terms of temperature monitoring of pipeline 3, the first sensor fixing component not only provides a fitting groove 103 that fits tightly against the outer wall of pipeline 3, but its inner wall anti-slip structure also significantly enhances the friction between the fixing component and pipeline 3, effectively suppressing relative sliding. At the same time, the filling of the heat-conducting medium ensures efficient heat conduction between the temperature sensor 5 and pipeline 3, guaranteeing the accuracy of temperature measurement. More importantly, the first fixing device adopts a combination of clamp 105 and cable tie 106, and achieves precise insertion of clamp 105 and fastening of cable tie 106 through the insertion port 104 on the first housing, forming a vibration resistance and anti-loosening capability far exceeding that of a single cable tie binding.

[0044] Regarding the tilt angle monitoring of the manhole cover 4, the second sensor fixing assembly provides a robust initial fixation through a mechanical threaded connection between the fixing lug 203 and the self-tapping screw 204. Furthermore, the adhesive layer between the roughened chamfer at the bottom edge of the second housing and the manhole cover 4 not only increases the bonding area and strength but also provides additional buffering and damping effects, further enhancing the stability of the tilt sensor 6 under vibration. This combination of mechanical fixing and auxiliary adhesive bonding is significantly superior to the existing single screw or glue fixing scheme, effectively preventing the sensor from loosening or falling off due to vibration, thus ensuring the long-term reliability of tilt angle monitoring.

[0045] In summary, the seismic and long-term power supply installation structure of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor in this embodiment, through its ingenious structural design and multiple fixing mechanisms, improves the sensor's fixing reliability, monitoring accuracy, and system stability in complex vibration environments, providing a more reliable solution for the long-term safety monitoring of converter station underground pipelines and manhole covers.

[0046] In some embodiments, the seismic and long-term power supply installation structure for the underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the converter station includes a first sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the pipeline 3 and a second sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the manhole cover 4. The first sensor fixing assembly includes a first housing, a temperature sensor 5 disposed within the first housing, a heat-conducting medium, and a first fixing device. The first housing forms a first receiving cavity for accommodating the temperature sensor 5, and its bottom has an adapter groove 103 for fitting against the outer wall of the pipeline 3. The inner wall of the adapter groove 103 has an anti-slip structure. The heat-conducting medium fills the space between the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3. The first fixing device includes a clamp 105 and a cable tie 106. The first housing has insertion ports 104 on both sides for inserting the ends of the clamp 105, and the cable tie 106 is used to secure the first housing to the clamp 105. The second sensor fixing assembly includes a second housing, a tilt sensor 6 disposed within the second housing, and a second fixing device. The second housing forms a second receiving cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor 6. The second fixing device includes a self-tapping screw 204 and an adhesive layer. The edge of the second housing is provided with a fixing lug 203 with a mounting hole, and a self-tapping screw 204 passes through the mounting hole and is threaded to the manhole cover 4; the bottom edge of the second housing is provided with a roughened chamfer, and an adhesive layer is provided between the chamfer and the manhole cover 4.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first housing consists of a first bottom shell 101 and a first top cover 102, which are detachably connected by a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0048] Specifically, the first bottom shell 101 and the first top cover 102 are the two main components constituting the first housing. They are combined together through a specific connection method to form a closed space to accommodate the temperature sensor 5. This split design means that the first housing is no longer a single cast or molded structure, but can be opened and closed. For example, the first bottom shell 101 can be a box-shaped structure with a bottom and side walls, while the first top cover 102 is a flat plate or a cover with edges, used to cover the opening of the first bottom shell 101; or, the first bottom shell 101 and the first top cover 102 can also be two symmetrical or asymmetrical half-shells connected by their edges to jointly enclose the internal space. A snap-fit ​​structure is a common mechanical connection method that achieves quick, detachable connection between components through elastic deformation and geometric interference. It typically consists of one or more protrusions (hooks) and one or more grooves (slots). When a protrusion is inserted into a groove, the elastic deformation of the material generates a locking force, thereby fixing the two components together. For example, the snap-fit ​​structure can be designed with a slot on the edge of the first bottom shell 101 and a corresponding hook on the edge of the first top cover 102, or vice versa; it can also consist of multiple independent snap-fit ​​components, such as spring snaps or rotary snaps, installed at corresponding positions on the first bottom shell 101 and the first top cover 102, which are locked and unlocked manually. A detachable connection refers to a connection method that allows for easy separation and reassembly without damaging the connecting components. This connection method allows access to, maintenance of, replacement of, or upgrade of internal components without damaging the external structure. Detachable connections achieved through snap-fit ​​structures typically only require the application of appropriate external force (such as pressing, pulling, or rotating) to unlock and separate the first bottom shell 101 and the first top cover 102.

[0049] This embodiment optimizes the internal access and maintenance mechanism of the first sensor fixing assembly by designing the first housing as consisting of a first bottom shell 101 and a first top cover 102, and employing a snap-fit ​​structure to achieve a detachable connection between the two. When it is necessary to inspect, calibrate, or replace the temperature sensor 5 inside the first housing, or to replace or charge the power module that may be located inside, the operator does not need to use special tools or perform destructive disassembly. Simply by releasing the snap-fit ​​structure, the first top cover 102 can be separated from the first bottom shell 101, thereby exposing the temperature sensor 5 and other internal components in the first receiving cavity. After the maintenance operation is completed, the first top cover 102 is reattached to the first bottom shell 101, and the snap-fit ​​structure will lock again, restoring the first housing to its closed state and continuing to protect the internal sensor. This combination of a split design and a detachable connection allows the first sensor fixing assembly to maintain good protection and fixing function for the temperature sensor 5 while greatly improving its maintainability and ease of operation. Compared to a one-piece housing, this structure avoids the risk of housing damage due to maintenance, reduces maintenance costs and time, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system.

[0050] Specifically, the first housing can be composed of a first bottom shell 101 and a first top cover 102, both injection-molded. The top edge of the first bottom shell 101 can be integrally formed with multiple outwardly protruding elastic hooks, while the bottom edge of the first top cover 102 has correspondingly provided slots that engage with the hooks. When the first top cover 102 is pressed down onto the first bottom shell 101, the elastic hooks bend inward under pressure. When they align with the slots, the elastic hooks spring back and engage in the slots, thus achieving a secure connection between the first bottom shell 101 and the first top cover 102. For disassembly, simply apply appropriate outward force to the hooks to disengage them from the slots, and the first top cover 102 can be removed. This design allows the first housing to be easily encapsulated after the temperature sensor 5 is installed, and in subsequent maintenance, it can be quickly opened and closed without the need for screwdrivers or other tools, greatly improving the efficiency of on-site operations.

[0051] Through the above embodiments, the first housing is designed to consist of a first bottom shell 101 and a first top cover 102, and is detachably connected by a snap-fit ​​structure. This allows the first sensor fixing assembly to be quickly and non-destructively disassembled and reassembled when the internal temperature sensor 5 needs maintenance, replacement, or internal power supply needs to be repaired. This reduces the complexity and time required for maintenance operations, avoids the risk of housing damage or sensor failure that may result from the difficulty of disassembling the integrated housing, effectively reduces the operation and maintenance costs of the monitoring system, improves the maintainability of the sensor and the overall reliability of the system, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the underground pipeline monitoring sensor in the converter station.

[0052] In some embodiments, the curvature of the adapting groove 103 is adapted to the curvature of the pipeline 3, and the anti-slip structure is an anti-slip protrusion 107 distributed on the inner wall of the adapting groove 103.

[0053] The curvature of the fitting groove 103 matches the curvature of the pipeline 3, meaning that the inner surface shape of the fitting groove 103 and the outer surface shape of the pipeline 3 are geometrically highly consistent. This fit can be achieved in several ways. For example, a mold for the fitting groove 103 can be precisely designed and manufactured based on the known standard diameter of the pipeline 3 or diameter data obtained through actual measurement, thereby ensuring that its curvature is consistent with the curvature of the pipeline 3. Alternatively, the fitting groove 103 can be manufactured using a material with a certain degree of flexibility, allowing it to adaptively conform to the curvature of the pipeline 3 during installation to achieve optimal contact.

[0054] The anti-slip structure consists of anti-slip protrusions 107 distributed on the inner wall of the adapter groove 103. This refers to a raised structure on the inner surface of the adapter groove 103 to increase friction with the outer surface of the pipeline 3 or to create a mechanical lock. These anti-slip protrusions 107 can be designed in various forms; for example, they can be a series of strip-shaped protrusions arranged axially or circumferentially along the adapter groove 103, or they can be dot-like, grid-like, or irregularly shaped textures. These protrusions can be formed on the inner wall of the adapter groove 103 through processes such as injection molding, compression molding, or surface etching.

[0055] This embodiment ensures a tight and large-area contact between the first sensor fixing assembly and the pipeline 3 by precisely matching the curvature of the adapter groove 103 with the curvature of the pipeline 3. This tight fit not only provides excellent structural stability for the first sensor fixing assembly but also lays the foundation for establishing a uniform and efficient heat transfer path between the heat-conducting medium and the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3, thereby enabling the temperature sensor 5 to accurately sense the temperature of the pipeline 3. Simultaneously, the anti-slip protrusions 107 distributed on the inner wall of the adapter groove 103 generate additional friction or mechanical locking force with the outer surface of the pipeline 3 when the first sensor fixing assembly is fastened to the pipeline 3 by the clamp 105 and cable ties 106. This effectively prevents the first sensor fixing assembly from sliding or rotating relative to the pipeline 3 when subjected to external impacts, vibrations, or minor displacements of the pipeline 3 itself, thus ensuring the long-term stable positioning and measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor 5 and enhancing the seismic resistance of the entire installation structure.

[0056] For example, when manufacturing the first sensor mounting assembly, the typical outer diameter of the target pipeline 3 can be measured or its standard specifications can be consulted first. For instance, if pipeline 3 is a DN100 steel pipe, its outer diameter is approximately 114 mm. Based on this, the curvature of the adapter groove 103 can be precisely designed as an inwardly concave arc surface that matches the surface of a cylinder with a diameter of 114 mm. On the inner wall of the adapter groove 103, a series of evenly spaced annular anti-slip protrusions 107 with a height of approximately 0.5 mm can be integrally formed using an injection molding process. When the first sensor mounting assembly is fastened to the pipeline 3 by the clamp 105 and cable tie 106, these anti-slip protrusions 107 can embed into the minor unevenness of the pipeline 3 surface, or generate sufficient friction through their own elastic deformation, thereby effectively preventing the first sensor mounting assembly from undergoing axial or circumferential displacement on the pipeline 3.

[0057] Through the above embodiments, the curvature of the adapting groove 103 matches the curvature of the pipeline 3, greatly increasing the contact area between the first sensor fixing component and the pipeline 3, making the fixation more secure, and optimizing the heat conduction efficiency between the temperature sensor 5 and the pipeline 3, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature measurement. Simultaneously, the anti-slip protrusions 107 distributed on the inner wall of the adapting groove 103 provide additional mechanical locking and friction when the first sensor fixing component is tightened, effectively suppressing the sensor's sliding or rotation on the pipeline 3. This significantly enhances the seismic resistance and long-term stability of the entire installation structure under complex underground environments (such as vibration and impact), ensuring the reliability of the monitoring data.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thermally conductive medium is thermally conductive silicone 108 filled between the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3, and its thermal conductivity is not less than 1.5 W / (m·K).

[0059] Thermally conductive silicone 108 is an elastic material with good thermal conductivity, made from silicone rubber as the base material and with the addition of thermally conductive fillers. Its main function is to provide an efficient heat conduction path between two contact surfaces, while simultaneously filling tiny gaps to reduce thermal resistance. Thermally conductive silicone 108 typically exhibits excellent high and low temperature resistance, weather resistance, electrical insulation, and good flexibility, making it suitable for the complexities and long-term stability requirements of underground pipeline monitoring environments. Besides thermally conductive silicone, other thermally conductive media include thermally conductive paste, thermally conductive pads, or phase change thermally conductive materials. However, thermally conductive silicone, due to its good filling properties, elasticity, and long-term stability, has advantages in scenarios requiring the filling of irregular gaps while maintaining stable thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is an important physical parameter for measuring a material's thermal conductivity, representing the amount of heat passing through a unit area and unit thickness of material per unit time. Here, the thermal conductivity of thermally conductive silicone 108 is specified to be no less than 1.5 W / (m·K) to ensure sufficient thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium. A higher thermal conductivity means that heat can be transferred from pipeline 3 to temperature sensor 5 more quickly and efficiently, thus ensuring that temperature sensor 5 can accurately and in real time reflect the temperature changes of pipeline 3. This parameter is a key indicator for ensuring the response speed and data accuracy of the monitoring system.

[0060] In this embodiment, by specifically defining the thermally conductive medium as thermally conductive silicone 108 and setting its thermal conductivity to a lower limit of not less than 1.5 W / (m·K), the efficiency and stability of heat transfer between the temperature sensor 5 and the pipeline 3 are ensured. When the bottom of the first housing has a matching groove 103 that fits against the outer wall of the pipeline 3, microscopic unevenness may exist on the contact surface, forming air gaps. Air is a poor conductor of heat and will severely hinder heat transfer. As an elastic material with good flowability and filling properties, thermally conductive silicone 108 can fully fill the tiny gaps between the matching groove 103 and the pipeline 3, expelling air and thus establishing a continuous and low thermal resistance heat conduction path. At the same time, its thermal conductivity of not less than 1.5 W / (m·K) ensures that heat can be transferred quickly and efficiently from the pipeline 3 to the temperature sensor 5, enabling the temperature sensor 5 to detect temperature changes in the pipeline 3 in a timely manner. This design enables temperature sensor 5 to accurately acquire temperature information of pipeline 3, providing a reliable basis for subsequent data analysis and early warning, and effectively solving the problems of insufficient thermal conductivity or poor stability that may exist in traditional heat transfer media.

[0061] Specifically, the thermally conductive silicone 108 can be a commercially available thermally conductive potting compound or thermally conductive gel. For example, a two-component silicone thermally conductive potting compound, which retains a certain elasticity after curing, can effectively absorb minor vibrations that may exist in the pipeline 3, while its thermal conductivity can reach 2.0 W / (m·K) or even higher, meeting the requirement of not less than 1.5 W / (m·K). During installation, the pre-mixed liquid thermally conductive silicone 108 can be injected into the adapter groove 103, and then the part of the bottom of the first housing with the adapter groove 103 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the pipeline 3, so that the thermally conductive silicone 108 fully fills all the gaps between the adapter groove 103 and the pipeline 3. After the thermally conductive silicone 108 cures, a stable and efficient heat conduction layer is formed, ensuring that the temperature sensor 5 can continuously and accurately monitor the temperature of the pipeline 3.

[0062] Through the above embodiments, the heat-conducting medium is specifically defined as thermally conductive silicone 108 with a specific thermal conductivity, which significantly improves the heat transfer efficiency and stability between the temperature sensor 5 and the pipeline 3. This allows the temperature sensor 5 to respond more quickly and accurately to temperature changes in the pipeline 3, effectively avoiding measurement lag and errors caused by poor thermal conductivity, thereby improving the reliability and real-time performance of underground pipeline temperature monitoring data. This optimization is of great significance for timely detection of abnormal pipeline temperatures and ensuring the safe operation of underground pipelines in converter stations.

[0063] In some embodiments, a first positioning groove 7 and a second positioning groove 8 are respectively provided on the upper surface of the first cover 102 and the outer surface of the clamp 105. The width of the cable tie 106 matches the width of the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8, and the cable tie 106 is embedded in the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8.

[0064] The upper surface of the first cover 102 and the outer surface of the clamp 105 are respectively provided with a first positioning groove 7 and a second positioning groove 8. A positioning groove is a recessed structure used to guide and restrict the position of other components. Its function is to provide a clear path and constraint for the cable tie 106, preventing lateral displacement during fixing or long-term use. Specifically, these positioning grooves can be formed on the surfaces of the first cover 102 and the clamp 105 through molding, milling, or other methods. The shape of the positioning groove can be designed as a rectangular groove, a U-shaped groove, or a V-shaped groove to adapt to the geometry of the cable tie 106 and ensure that the cable tie 106 can be securely embedded within it. The width of the cable tie 106 matches the width of the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8. Matching refers to the coordination of their dimensions or shapes, aiming to ensure that the cable tie 106 can be tightly embedded in the positioning groove, maximizing the restrictive effect of the positioning groove. This matching can be achieved by accurately measuring the width of the cable tie 106 and designing the width of the positioning groove accordingly, so that a suitable tolerance fit is formed between the two. Alternatively, a positioning groove design slightly smaller than the width of the cable tie 106 can be used to form a slight interference fit, thereby further increasing the tightness of the cable tie 106. The cable tie 106 is embedded in the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8. Embedding refers to one component being inserted into the groove or hole of another component. This is the final state of the synergistic action of the positioning groove and the cable tie 106, ensuring that the cable tie 106 is firmly restrained in the predetermined position, preventing it from sliding or shifting. During installation, when the cable tie 106 passes through the insertion port 104 of the clamp 105 and tightens, its main body is guided and pressed into the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8. To facilitate the insertion and engagement of the cable tie 106, the edges of the positioning grooves can be designed with a slight chamfer.

[0065] In this embodiment, a first positioning groove 7 and a second positioning groove 8 are respectively formed on the upper surface of the first cover 102 and the outer surface of the clamp 105. These positioning grooves precisely match the width of the cable tie 106. During installation, after the cable tie 106 passes through the insertion port 104 of the clamp 105, its body is guided and tightly embedded in the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8. This embedding structure ensures that after the cable tie 106 is tightened, its position is firmly restricted by the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8, effectively preventing the cable tie 106 from sliding or shifting laterally or longitudinally when subjected to vibration, temperature changes, or external stress. By fixing the cable tie 106 in the preset grooves, not only is the initial installation position of the cable tie 106 accurate, but more importantly, it maintains a continuous fastening force on the first sensor fixing assembly during long-term operation, thereby significantly improving the vibration resistance and long-term stability of the entire fixing structure.

[0066] Specifically, the first top cover 102 can be made of high-strength engineering plastic (such as polycarbonate or nylon) using injection molding, with a first positioning groove 7 integrally formed on its upper surface. The clamp 105 can be stamped from stainless steel sheet, and a second positioning groove 8 can be formed on its outer surface through a mold or subsequent processing. Both the first positioning groove 7 and the second positioning groove 8 can be designed as rectangular grooves with a width of 5 mm to precisely fit the commonly available 5 mm wide nylon cable ties 106. During installation, the first sensor fixing assembly is placed on the pipeline 3, and both ends of the clamp 105 are inserted into the sockets 104 on both sides of the first housing. Then, the nylon cable tie 106 is passed through the clamp 105 and tightened. At this time, the main body of the cable tie 106 is guided and tightly snapped into the first positioning groove 7 of the first top cover 102 and the second positioning groove 8 of the clamp 105. This structure ensures that the cable tie 106 will not slide or shift on the surfaces of the first top cover 102 and the clamp 105 after tightening, thus providing a stable and reliable fixing effect.

[0067] Through the above embodiments, a first positioning groove 7 and a second positioning groove 8 are respectively formed on the upper surface of the first cover 102 and the outer surface of the clamp 105, and the width of the cable tie 106 is matched with the width of these positioning grooves. The cable tie 106 is embedded in the positioning grooves, effectively solving the problem of displacement and loosening of the cable tie 106 under long-term use or vibration environment. This structural design significantly enhances the fixing reliability and vibration resistance between the first sensor fixing assembly and the pipeline 3, ensuring that the temperature sensor 5 can maintain its preset position stably for a long time, thereby ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the temperature monitoring data of the pipeline 3, and avoiding the risk of measurement error or sensor detachment due to loose fixing.

[0068] In some embodiments, the cable tie 106 is made of nylon, a synthetic polyamide fiber known for its excellent mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance. The application of nylon in the manufacture of the cable tie 106 aims to significantly improve its long-term reliability and stability in complex underground environments. Various types of nylon materials are available, such as nylon 6, nylon 66, or nylon 12, each with its own strength, flexibility, temperature resistance, and chemical resistance, allowing selection based on the specific application requirements. Furthermore, nylon materials can be further enhanced with modifiers such as UV stabilizers, flame retardants, or toughening agents to adapt to more demanding operating conditions.

[0069] The first sensor mounting assembly is secured to the pipeline 3 using clamps 105 and cable ties 106. Cable ties 106 tightly bind the first housing to the clamps 105, ensuring the entire assembly is firmly attached to the pipeline 3. By using nylon for the cable ties 106, the overall structural integrity and long-term performance are significantly enhanced. Nylon, a high-performance engineering plastic, possesses excellent tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and chemical stability. When used in the manufacture of the cable ties 106, it ensures that the binding force between the first housing and the clamps 105 remains strong and consistent over extended periods, effectively resisting degradation even in harsh underground environments such as those with humidity, temperature fluctuations, or corrosive substances. This allows the first sensor mounting assembly to be continuously and stably fixed to the pipeline 3, thereby guaranteeing the continuous and accurate operation of the temperature sensor 5 within the first housing. This material choice for the cable ties 106 directly addresses the challenge of maintaining long-term fixation stability in harsh environments, which is crucial for the overall seismic-resistant and long-lasting power supply installation structure.

[0070] Specifically, the cable tie 106 can be made of nylon 66. Nylon 66 offers a good balance between mechanical strength, heat resistance, and chemical resistance, making it ideal for underground applications. The cable tie 106 can be manufactured using injection molding or extrusion molding processes to ensure uniform material properties and dimensional accuracy. The surface of the nylon cable tie 106 can be textured to further enhance its grip and prevent slippage during fastening. The cable tie 106 passes through the slot 104 on the first housing and wraps around the clamp 105, then is fastened by the inherent self-locking mechanism of the cable tie 106 itself, thus forming a tight and reliable connection.

[0071] Through the above embodiments, the cable tie 106 is made of nylon material, which significantly improves its mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance. This enables the first sensor fixing assembly to effectively resist the adverse effects of moisture, temperature changes, and soil corrosion in long-term underground environments, preventing the cable tie 106 from loosening or breaking due to material aging. Therefore, it ensures a firm and reliable binding between the first housing and the clamp 105, maintains the long-term stable fixation of the pipeline 3 by the first sensor fixing assembly, greatly extends the service life and reliability of the entire monitoring installation structure, and guarantees the continuous and accurate monitoring of the temperature sensor 5.

[0072] In some embodiments, the fixing ears 203 are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the second housing and are integrally formed with the second housing.

[0073] Specifically, the fixing ears 203 are symmetrically distributed along the edge of the second housing, meaning they are arranged evenly or balancedly on the outer periphery of the second housing. For example, one fixing ear 203 can be provided on each of the opposite sides of the second housing, or one fixing ear 203 can be provided at each of the four corners or the midpoints of the four sides of the second housing. This symmetrical distribution aims to ensure that the tightening force applied by the self-tapping screws 204 is evenly transmitted to the second housing during installation, avoiding localized stress concentration and thus improving overall installation stability and resistance to deformation. Furthermore, the fixing ears 203 are integrally formed with the second housing during manufacturing, as a single component, rather than being assembled through subsequent welding, bonding, riveting, or bolting. This integral forming method eliminates the connection interface between different components, avoiding connection failure due to insufficient interface strength or long-term service, and significantly improving the structural integrity and mechanical strength of the connection between the fixing ears 203 and the second housing. One-piece molding can be achieved through various processes. For example, for a second shell made of plastic, the fixing ear 203 and the second shell can be molded together in one step by injection molding. For a second shell made of metal, it can be manufactured as a single piece through processes such as die casting, forging or integral machining.

[0074] This embodiment constructs a highly integrated and robust second sensor mounting assembly by symmetrically distributing the fixing ears 203 along the edge of the second housing and integrally molding them with the second housing. When the self-tapping screws 204 pass through the mounting holes of the fixing ears 203 and are threaded onto the manhole cover 4, the symmetrical distribution of the fixing ears 203 ensures that the tightening force is evenly distributed across the second housing, effectively dispersing installation stress and preventing local deformation or damage to the second housing under long-term stress or vibration. Simultaneously, the integral molding design of the fixing ears 203 and the second housing fundamentally eliminates potential weak points in traditional split structures, such as stress concentration areas around welds, adhesive surfaces, or bolt holes. This seamless connection structure makes the fixing ears 203 and the second housing form a robust whole, better resisting external impacts, vibrations, and deformation caused by temperature changes. This ensures that the tilt sensor 6 is stably fixed to the manhole cover 4 in harsh underground environments for a long time, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of monitoring data and the reliability of the system. This design not only simplifies the assembly process, but more importantly, it significantly improves the seismic resistance and durability of the entire second sensor mounting assembly, meeting the high reliability requirements of the sensor installation structure for underground pipeline monitoring in converter stations.

[0075] Specifically, the second housing can be made of high-strength engineering plastics, such as polycarbonate (PC) or glass fiber reinforced nylon (PA+GF), manufactured through precision injection molding. During injection molding, the fixing ears 203 and the second housing are molded in the same mold in one step, ensuring material continuity and structural uniformity. For example, a fixing ear 203 can be provided on each side of the long side of the second housing, or a fixing ear 203 can be provided at each of the four corners of the second housing to achieve symmetrical distribution. Each fixing ear 203 has a precisely sized mounting hole pre-drilled inside for the self-tapping screw 204 to pass through. This one-piece molded and symmetrically distributed fixing ears 203 enable the second housing to withstand uniform fastening force when installed on the manhole cover 4 and effectively resist various mechanical stresses in the underground environment, providing an extremely stable mounting platform for the tilt sensor 6.

[0076] Through the above embodiments, the fixing ears 203 are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the second housing and integrally formed with the second housing, significantly enhancing the connection strength and stability between the second sensor fixing assembly and the manhole cover 4. This integrated, symmetrical structural design effectively avoids problems such as loosening, detachment, or fatigue failure that may exist in traditional split connections. Especially in application scenarios such as converter station underground pipeline monitoring, which requires long-term stable operation and may be subject to vibration and impact, it can ensure that the installation position of the tilt sensor 6 is accurate and not easily damaged. This not only improves the measurement accuracy and reliability of the sensor, but also greatly extends the service life of the entire monitoring system, reduces maintenance costs, and thus achieves excellent seismic performance and long-term operational assurance.

[0077] In some embodiments, the second housing comprises a second bottom shell 201 and a second top cover 202, both made of metal and bolted together. The second housing is designed as two separable main parts, the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202. This modular design allows the second housing to be opened and closed, facilitating the installation or removal of the tilt sensor 6. For example, the second bottom shell 201 can serve as the main body housing the tilt sensor 6, while the second top cover 202 acts as a cover plate, protecting the internal components. This structure simplifies the manufacturing and assembly process and greatly facilitates subsequent maintenance, repair, or sensor replacement, avoiding destructive disassembly of the entire fixed assembly. Furthermore, the selection of metal as the material for the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202 provides excellent mechanical strength, rigidity, and impact resistance, effectively resisting physical impacts and vibrations encountered in underground environments. In addition, metal typically has good corrosion resistance (especially after proper treatment), resisting corrosion in humid environments, thereby extending the service life of the second housing. For example, materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or cast iron can be selected. Aluminum alloy is lightweight and high-strength, stainless steel is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, and cast iron provides extremely high rigidity and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202 are fixedly connected by bolts, a reliable and repeatedly disassembleable mechanical connection. By firmly securing the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202 together with bolts, it is ensured that the second shell will not loosen or separate under external vibration or impact, thus providing stable protection for the internal tilt sensor 6. At the same time, when maintenance or replacement of the tilt sensor 6 is required, the second shell can be easily opened simply by unscrewing the bolts without damaging the shell itself. This significantly improves the maintainability of the structure compared to permanent connections such as welding or gluing.

[0078] This embodiment designs the second housing as consisting of a second bottom shell 201 and a second top cover 202, both made of metal and fixedly connected by bolts, thus constructing a robust, maintainable, and highly protective sensor mounting structure. Specifically, the tilt sensor 6 is housed within the second receiving cavity formed by the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202. Since both the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202 are made of metal, the entire second housing possesses excellent mechanical strength, impact resistance, and corrosion resistance, effectively resisting common physical impacts, vibrations, and moisture erosion in underground environments, thereby providing a reliable physical barrier and environmental protection for the sensitive tilt sensor 6. Simultaneously, the bolted connection between the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202 not only ensures the structural stability of the second housing under long-term operation and vibration conditions, preventing component loosening, but also allows for convenient and non-destructive disassembly and reassembly when necessary. This detachable connection method greatly simplifies the installation, testing, maintenance, and replacement process of the tilt sensor 6, avoiding damage to the housing during maintenance, thereby significantly improving the long-term reliability and service life of the entire sensor mounting assembly. Through the above structural combination, the second sensor mounting assembly can better adapt to the harsh environment of underground pipeline monitoring, ensuring the stable and accurate operation of the tilt sensor 6.

[0079] Specifically, the second bottom shell 201 can be made of die-cast aluminum alloy, with an internal cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor 6 and pre-drilled threaded holes. The second top cover 202 can be made of stainless steel sheet by stamping, with through holes on its edges corresponding to the threaded holes in the second bottom shell 201. During assembly, the tilt sensor 6 is placed inside the second bottom shell 201, and then the second top cover 202 is placed on top of the second bottom shell 201. Multiple stainless steel bolts are passed through the through holes in the second top cover 202 and screwed into the threaded holes in the second bottom shell 201 to secure the two tightly. To further enhance the sealing, a silicone sealing ring can be provided on the mating surface of the second bottom shell 201 and the second top cover 202. This structure gives the second shell excellent dust and water resistance, while the metal material provides robust physical protection, and the bolted connection ensures ease of maintenance.

[0080] Through the above embodiments, the second housing adopts a split design, consisting of a second bottom shell 201 and a second top cover 202, and is made of metal. It is fixedly connected by bolts, significantly improving the overall performance of the second sensor mounting assembly. This structural design makes the installation, maintenance, and replacement of the tilt sensor 6 extremely convenient, eliminating the need for destructive operations on the entire assembly, thereby reducing maintenance costs and time. The use of metal material gives the second housing excellent mechanical strength, impact resistance, and corrosion resistance, effectively protecting the internal tilt sensor 6 from damage caused by harsh conditions in the underground environment (such as physical impact, vibration, humidity, and temperature changes), greatly extending the sensor's service life and operational stability. The bolted connection ensures the structural integrity and sealing of the second housing under long-term operation and vibration conditions, preventing component loosening or environmental intrusion, further guaranteeing the data acquisition accuracy and reliability of the tilt sensor 6. Therefore, this solution effectively solves the problems of insufficient sensor protection and inconvenient maintenance in complex underground environments, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system.

[0081] In some embodiments, the seismic and long-term power supply installation structure for the underground pipeline monitoring sensor of the converter station includes a battery compartment 9 on the inner side of both the first bottom shell 101 and the second bottom shell 201.

[0082] Battery compartment 9 is the internal space or structure used to house the batteries. Its main function is to provide a stable power supply to the sensors, ensuring their long-term continuous operation in unattended underground environments. Battery compartment 9 can be designed as a recess integrally formed with the housing, or as a modular structure manufactured separately and then embedded inside the housing. To adapt to different power requirements and environmental conditions, battery compartment 9 can accommodate various types of batteries; for example, it can accommodate disposable lithium batteries for extended lifespan, or rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for replacement or charging when needed. Furthermore, battery compartment 9 is typically designed with a sealed structure to prevent the intrusion of moisture, dust, and other contaminants from the underground environment, thereby protecting the batteries and extending their lifespan.

[0083] This embodiment provides independent, built-in power supplies for the temperature sensor 5 in the first sensor mounting assembly and the tilt sensor 6 in the second sensor mounting assembly by providing battery compartments 9 on the inner sides of both the first bottom shell 101 and the second bottom shell 201. Specifically, when the first sensor mounting assembly is installed on the pipeline 3, the battery compartment 9 in its first bottom shell 101 can provide continuous power to the temperature sensor 5. Similarly, when the second sensor mounting assembly is installed on the manhole cover 4, the battery compartment 9 in its second bottom shell 201 can provide stable power to the tilt sensor 6. This design eliminates the need for external power cables after the sensor unit is installed, greatly simplifying on-site wiring and avoiding power outages caused by aging, damage, or poor connection of external power cables. By integrating the battery compartment 9 into the sensor housing, not only is the battery protected from the harsh underground environment, but the entire sensor mounting structure is also more compact and integrated, ensuring long-term, reliable, and autonomous power supply for the sensor in underground pipeline monitoring applications, effectively solving the problem of long-term stable power supply for sensors in underground environments.

[0084] Specifically, a rectangular or cylindrical battery compartment 9 can be provided on the inner side of both the first bottom shell 101 and the second bottom shell 201. The battery compartment 9 can be integrally manufactured with the bottom shell by injection molding, or formed inside the bottom shell by machining. For example, the battery compartment 9 can be designed to accommodate two or more AA or CR123A type lithium batteries, which are electrically connected to the sensor's power interface via spring contacts or welding. To ensure battery stability under vibration or impact, a battery limiting structure, such as elastic clips or foam pads, can be provided inside the battery compartment 9. Furthermore, the opening of the battery compartment 9 can be sealed with a sealing ring and threaded cover to achieve an IP68 level of waterproof and dustproof performance, effectively protecting the internal batteries from corrosion by underground humid environments.

[0085] In the above embodiments, battery compartments 9 are provided inside both the first bottom shell 101 and the second bottom shell 201, providing independent, built-in power supplies for the sensors. This effectively solves the problem of ensuring stable power supply for underground pipeline monitoring sensors in harsh underground environments over long periods. This built-in power supply method avoids complex external wiring, reduces installation and maintenance difficulty, and improves the overall reliability and anti-interference capability of the system. The sensors can operate autonomously for extended periods using their own power supplies, ensuring the continuity and integrity of monitoring data, thereby significantly improving the operating efficiency and monitoring accuracy of the converter station underground pipeline monitoring system.

[0086] In some embodiments, the battery compartment 9 in the first bottom shell 101 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 5, and the battery compartment 9 in the second bottom shell 201 is electrically connected to the tilt sensor 6.

[0087] Specifically, battery compartment 9 is the physical space for accommodating the battery. Its design can be a recess that matches the shape of the battery and has internal contacts for electrical connection; or it can be a separate chamber with a removable cover to facilitate battery installation, replacement, and maintenance. Temperature sensor 5 is an electronic component for measuring ambient temperature, and its implementation can include, but is not limited to, thermistors, thermocouples, or semiconductor temperature sensors. Tilt sensor 6 is an electronic component for measuring the tilt angle of an object relative to a horizontal plane, and its implementation can include, but is not limited to, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers, electrolyte tilt sensors, or capacitive tilt sensors. Electrical connection refers to establishing an electrical path through wires, flexible circuit boards, connectors, or direct soldering, enabling the battery in battery compartment 9 to provide the power required for the corresponding sensor to operate and potentially support the sensor's data transmission function.

[0088] This embodiment achieves independent power supply for each sensor module by directly connecting the battery compartment 9 in the first bottom shell 101 to the temperature sensor 5, and directly connecting the battery compartment 9 in the second bottom shell 201 to the tilt sensor 6. This design allows the temperature sensor 5 to obtain a stable power supply from the battery compartment 9 in the first bottom shell 101 to continuously monitor the temperature changes of the pipeline 3; simultaneously, the tilt sensor 6 can also obtain a stable power supply from the battery compartment 9 in the second bottom shell 201 to continuously monitor the tilt state of the manhole cover 4. This localized and dedicated power supply method effectively avoids complex long-distance wiring between sensors, simplifies the installation process, and enhances the modularity and independence of each monitoring unit. Combined with the earthquake-resistant and fixing structure of the first and second sensor fixing components, this direct electrical connection ensures that the sensors can obtain a continuous and stable power supply in harsh underground environments, thereby guaranteeing the long-term reliable operation of the entire monitoring system and the accuracy of data acquisition.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for a converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor, characterized in that, It includes a first sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the pipeline (3) and a second sensor fixing assembly for fixing to the manhole cover (4); The first sensor fixing assembly includes a first housing, a temperature sensor (5) disposed within the first housing, a thermally conductive medium, and a first fixing device; The first housing forms a first receiving cavity for accommodating the temperature sensor (5); The bottom of the first housing is provided with an adapter groove (103) for fitting with the outer wall of the pipeline (3), and the inner wall of the adapter groove (103) is provided with an anti-slip structure; The heat-conducting medium is filled between the adapter groove (103) and the pipeline (3); The first fixing device includes a clamp (105) and a cable tie (106). The first housing has a socket (104) on both sides for inserting the end of the clamp (105). The cable tie (106) is tied between the first housing and the clamp (105). The second sensor fixing assembly includes a second housing, an angle sensor (6) disposed within the second housing, and a second fixing device; The second housing forms a second receiving cavity for accommodating the tilt sensor (6); The second fixing device includes a self-tapping screw (204) and an adhesive layer; The edge of the second housing is provided with a fixing lug (203) with a mounting hole, and the self-tapping screw (204) passes through the mounting hole and is threaded to the well cover (4); the bottom edge of the second housing is provided with a roughened chamfer, and the adhesive layer is provided between the chamfer and the well cover (4).

2. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first housing consists of a first bottom shell (101) and a first top cover (102), which are detachably connected by a snap-fit ​​structure.

3. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curvature of the adapter groove (103) is adapted to the curvature of the pipeline (3), and the anti-slip structure is an anti-slip protrusion (107) distributed on the inner wall of the adapter groove (103).

4. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermally conductive medium is thermally conductive silicone (108) filled between the adapter groove (103) and the pipeline (3), and its thermal conductivity is not less than 1.5 W / (m·K).

5. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper surface of the first cover (102) and the outer surface of the clamp (105) are respectively provided with a first positioning groove (7) and a second positioning groove (8). The width of the cable tie (106) matches the width of the first positioning groove (7) and the second positioning groove (8), and the cable tie (106) is embedded in the first positioning groove (7) and the second positioning groove (8).

6. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable tie (106) is made of nylon material.

7. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing ears (203) are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the second housing and are integrally formed with the second housing.

8. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second housing consists of a second bottom shell (201) and a second top cover (202). The second bottom shell (201) and the second top cover (202) are made of metal and are fixedly connected by bolts.

9. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 2 or 8, characterized in that, Battery compartments (9) are provided on the inner sides of both the first bottom shell (101) and the second bottom shell (201).

10. The seismic-resistant and long-term power supply installation structure for the converter station underground pipeline monitoring sensor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The battery compartment (9) inside the first bottom shell (101) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor (5), and the battery compartment (9) inside the second bottom shell (201) is electrically connected to the tilt sensor (6).

Images