A metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a system and method for monitoring the hydrogen damage state of metals, comprising: a hydrogen charging device for electrochemically charging a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal that has not undergone hydrogen damage; a hydrogen permeation measuring device for converting hydrogen atoms permeating into the sample into hydrogen ions during the hydrogen charging process and measuring the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve; and an ultrasonic measuring device for emitting ultrasonic guided waves to the sample during the hydrogen charging process and receiving the nonlinear response signal generated by the guided waves exciting ultrasonic waves inside the sample, and then performing cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined, and then the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state inside the metal. This invention can monitor and evaluate the degree of hydrogen damage inside metals in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal nondestructive testing technology, and in particular relates to a metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a zero-carbon and highly efficient new energy source, boasts advantages such as high cleanliness, high energy conversion rate, and wide application scenarios. Currently, large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen still face certain technical challenges, such as material compatibility issues in hydrogen environments. If metallic materials are exposed to hydrogen for extended periods, hydrogen molecules will adsorb onto the material surface and penetrate into the material's interior in the form of hydrogen atoms. Subsequently, hydrogen traps such as dislocations and grain boundaries within the material capture and enrich these infiltrated hydrogen atoms, causing crack nucleation and propagation, thereby accelerating material failure. Macroscopically, metallic materials undergo plastic deformation, with an increase in internal and surface microcracks, a significant decrease in toughness, plasticity, and fatigue strength, and a substantial deterioration in mechanical properties. Various forms of damage may occur, including hydrogen blistering, hydrogen-induced cracking, and reduced ductility. Given the flammable and explosive nature of hydrogen and its wide combustion range, the aforementioned damage poses a serious threat to the safe operation of equipment made from metallic materials. Therefore, research on hydrogen embrittlement resistance, damage monitoring, and assessment of hydrogen-exposed metallic materials is of great significance.

[0003] To simulate material damage behavior under in-situ hydrogen conditions, studies on the hydrogen compatibility of metallic materials must be conducted in a gas-phase hydrogen-filled environment. However, gas-phase hydrogen filling is time-consuming, and hydrogen atoms have difficulty penetrating into the material's interior. Currently, over 95% of research is conducted in a liquid environment during electrochemical hydrogen filling. Electrochemical hydrogen filling offers convenient control of conditions, stable measurement, and high reproducibility, and has become an internationally standard testing method. Furthermore, utilizing the cathode effect of the electrolysis process to allow hydrogen to enter the metal interior accelerates hydrogen atom penetration, enabling the material to achieve a high hydrogen concentration within a short time. However, during electrochemical hydrogen filling, the hydrogen diffusion flux can only be calculated by monitoring the steady-state anodic current. If the sample is removed for testing, some diffused hydrogen may escape into the air. Therefore, there is currently a lack of means to directly monitor damage in real time during hydrogen filling, making it difficult to directly establish a relationship between the monitoring signal and the degree of hydrogen filling.

[0004] Furthermore, in terms of monitoring technology, nonlinear ultrasound has higher detection sensitivity compared to traditional linear ultrasound. The principle is based on the nonlinear interaction generated by the damage itself, which distorts the detection signal. By monitoring features such as higher harmonics and difference frequencies, it can effectively characterize early hydrogen damage in materials and minute defects in metals. The drawback of this method is its high sensitivity to coupling conditions and system noise. Differences in factors such as the contact force between the probe and the sample, and surface roughness, can significantly affect the monitoring results, resulting in poor repeatability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system, comprising: a hydrogen charging device for electrochemically charging a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal that has not undergone hydrogen damage; a hydrogen permeation measuring device for converting hydrogen atoms permeating into the sample into hydrogen ions during the hydrogen charging process and measuring the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time; and an ultrasonic measuring device for emitting ultrasonic guided waves to the sample during the hydrogen charging process and receiving the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample, and then performing cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined, and then the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

[0006] Preferably, the hydrogen charging device comprises: a regulated power supply connected to the first platinum electrode and the sample end face, which is used to provide the direct current required for the hydrogen charging process; an electrolytic cell, which is used to contain the electrolytic cell solution required for the hydrogen charging process; and the first platinum electrode inserted into the electrolytic cell solution, which is used as the hydrogen charging anode.

[0007] Preferably, the hydrogen permeation measuring device comprises: an electrochemical measuring instrument connected to the second platinum electrode and the sample end face, which is used to acquire the real-time current value of the current, generate a current curve of the current value changing with time, and output it as the hydrogen permeation curve; an escape hydrogen cell, which is used to contain the escape hydrogen cell solution required for the conversion process, wherein the sample is embedded in the common sidewall between the electrolytic cell and the escape hydrogen cell, and the first sample end face and the second sample end face are respectively inserted into the electrolytic cell solution and the escape hydrogen cell solution, and the second sample end face becomes part of the common sidewall, wherein the sample in the electrolytic cell solution is completely below the liquid surface of the electrolytic cell solution; and the second platinum electrode inserted in the escape hydrogen cell solution, which is used as the escape hydrogen cathode.

[0008] Preferably, the electrolytic cell solution is obtained by uniformly mixing sulfuric acid solution of a specified concentration, thiourea and distilled water.

[0009] Preferably, the electrolytic cell includes an observation window disposed on the side wall of the electrolytic cell for observing the hydrogen damage state of the sample, wherein the observation window is made of plexiglass.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrogen efflux pool solution is a sodium hydroxide solution of a specified concentration.

[0011] Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring device comprises: an ultrasonic measuring host, which is connected to a transmitting probe and a receiving probe respectively, for generating a high-energy pulsed electrical signal and transmitting it to the transmitting probe, and for performing cepstral analysis of the nonlinear response signal; the transmitting probe, which is used to convert the high-energy pulsed electrical signal into high-frequency vibration, generate an ultrasonic guided wave, and emit it to the side of the sample; and the receiving probe, which is used to receive the nonlinear response signal corresponding to the ultrasonic guided wave, and convert the received signal into a corresponding electrical signal and transmit it to the ultrasonic measuring host.

[0012] Preferably, the ultrasonic measurement host is further configured to first perform a fast Fourier transform on the received signal to calculate the power spectral density function, and then sequentially perform logarithmic calculation and inverse Fourier transform to calculate the amplitude cepstrum, thereby obtaining the cepstrum analysis result, wherein...

[0013] The received signal is represented by the following expression:

[0014] w(t) = x(t) * z(t)

[0015] The power spectral density function is calculated using the following expression:

[0016] G w (f)=G x (f)G z (f)

[0017] Logarithmic calculations can be performed using the following expression:

[0018] logG w (f) = logG x (f)+logG z (f)

[0019] The amplitude cepstrum is calculated using the following expression:

[0020] F(logG w (f))=F(logG x (f))+F(logG z (f))

[0021] Where t represents time, w represents the nonlinear response signal, x represents the periodic signal of the sound source, z represents the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, and G w (f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the nonlinear response signal, G x (f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the periodic signal from the sound source, G z (f) represents the Fast Fourier Transform result of the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, log represents the logarithmic function, and F represents the inverse Fourier transform.

[0022] Preferably, the ultrasonic measurement host is further configured to separate higher harmonics from the cepstral analysis results, and then extract the amplitudes corresponding to consecutive harmonic orders sequentially from the higher harmonics until the amplitude corresponding to a harmonic order is less than 1 / 50 of the amplitude of the second harmonic signal, and then calculate the nonlinear coefficient using all the extracted amplitudes, wherein the nonlinear coefficient is calculated using the following expression:

[0023]

[0024] Where β represents the nonlinear coefficient, C represents the signal amplitude, and n represents the harmonic order at which extraction stops.

[0025] Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring device further comprises: an attenuator disposed between the ultrasonic measuring host and the transmitting probe, which is used to attenuate the high-energy pulse electrical signal and transmit the attenuated high-energy pulse electrical signal to the transmitting probe for conversion; and a filter disposed between the ultrasonic measuring host and the receiving probe, which is used to filter the received signal and transmit the filtered received signal to the ultrasonic measuring host for analysis.

[0026] Preferably, the metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system further includes: a probe adjustment device for adjusting the position and attitude of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, and for fixing each probe. The probe adjustment device comprises: a three-dimensional guide rail welded to the opening of the electrolytic cell, forming an integrated structure with the electrolytic cell; a gantry bracket forming a ball screw structure with the three-dimensional guide rail, used to adjust the positional relationship between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe and the sample; and a probe clamp connected to the gantry bracket, used to clamp and fix the transmitting probe and the receiving probe respectively using different jaw combinations, and to adjust the focusing angle between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the rotational degrees of freedom of each jaw combination. The probe clamp is also used to perform linked clamping and self-locking of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe by linking the different jaw combinations.

[0027] Preferably, the probe clamp is also used to clamp and self-lock the transmitting probe and the receiving probe by means of linkage control of the different gripper combinations.

[0028] Preferably, the gripper assembly includes a rubber material, wherein the rubber material is located at the contact position between each gripper and the corresponding probe in the gripper assembly, for buffering and vibration isolation of the probe.

[0029] Preferably, the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system further includes: an electrode clamp connected to the three-dimensional guide rail, used to adjust the positional relationship between the first platinum electrode and the electrolytic cell solution, and the positional relationship between the second platinum electrode and the hydrogen efflux cell solution.

[0030] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring the hydrogen damage state of a metal. This method utilizes a hydrogen damage state monitoring system to monitor the hydrogen damage state of the metal. The method includes: electrochemically charging a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal, which has not undergone hydrogen damage, with a hydrogen charging device; during the hydrogen charging process, converting hydrogen atoms penetrating into the sample into hydrogen ions using a hydrogen permeation measuring device, and measuring the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time; during the hydrogen charging process, emitting ultrasonic guided waves to the sample using an ultrasonic measuring device and receiving the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample, and then performing cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods; based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, determining the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage; and then substituting the nonlinear response signal of the target metal into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0032] This invention proposes a system and method for monitoring the hydrogen damage state of metals. The system first simulates the formation and evolution of hydrogen damage in metals by electrochemically charging the sample with hydrogen. Then, a hydrogen permeation device converts hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample during the charging process into hydrogen ions. The system obtains a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change in internal hydrogen content of the metal over time by acquiring the real-time current value generated during the conversion process. Next, during the charging process, ultrasonic guided waves are emitted to the sample, and the nonlinear response signal generated by the guided waves exciting ultrasonic waves inside the sample is received. Cepstral analysis is then performed on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time points. By combining the hydrogen permeation curve with the nonlinear coefficients, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. Finally, the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation, and the nonlinear coefficient value obtained through nonlinear testing is used to assess the degree of hydrogen permeation inside the metal, thereby obtaining the hydrogen damage state. This invention, based on real-time monitoring of the evolution and expansion state of hydrogen damage in the sample, obtains the correlation between the degree of internal hydrogen damage and monitoring characteristic parameters, realizing real-time monitoring and assessment of the degree of internal hydrogen damage in metals, and providing a basis for assessing the hydrogen embrittlement risk and remaining life of in-service hydrogen-contaminated facilities.

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic measurement device of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the probe adjustment device of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the probe holder of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of the fitting curve of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a step diagram of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] In this application, all drawings are schematic and are used only to illustrate the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale.

[0042] The list of reference numerals in the attached figures is as follows:

[0043] 10: Hydrogen charging device

[0044] 101: Regulated Power Supply

[0045] 102: First platinum electrode

[0046] 103: Electrolytic Cell

[0047] 20: Hydrogen permeation measurement device

[0048] 201: Electrochemical Measuring Instrument

[0049] 202: Second platinum electrode

[0050] 203: Hydrogen escape pool

[0051] 30: Ultrasonic measuring device

[0052] 301: Ultrasonic measuring unit

[0053] 302: Transmitting probe

[0054] 303: Receiver Probe

[0055] 304: Attenuator

[0056] 305: Filter

[0057] 306: Oscilloscope

[0058] 40: Probe adjustment device

[0059] 401: 3D guide rail

[0060] 402: Gantry support

[0061] 403: Electrode clamps

[0062] 4031: Gripper

[0063] 4032: Rubber Materials

[0064] 404: Probe clamp Detailed Implementation

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the process of how the present invention uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments and features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] Furthermore, the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0067] Hydrogen, as a zero-carbon and highly efficient new energy source, boasts advantages such as high cleanliness, high energy conversion rate, and wide application scenarios. Currently, large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen still face certain technical challenges, such as material compatibility issues in hydrogen environments. If metallic materials are exposed to hydrogen for extended periods, hydrogen molecules will adsorb onto the material surface and penetrate into the material's interior in the form of hydrogen atoms. Subsequently, hydrogen traps such as dislocations and grain boundaries within the material capture and enrich these infiltrated hydrogen atoms, causing crack nucleation and propagation, thereby accelerating material failure. Macroscopically, metallic materials undergo plastic deformation, with an increase in internal and surface microcracks, a significant decrease in toughness, plasticity, and fatigue strength, and a substantial deterioration in mechanical properties. Various forms of damage may occur, including hydrogen blistering, hydrogen-induced cracking, and reduced ductility. Given the flammable and explosive nature of hydrogen and its wide combustion range, the aforementioned damage poses a serious threat to the safe operation of equipment made from metallic materials. Therefore, research on hydrogen embrittlement resistance, damage monitoring, and assessment of hydrogen-exposed metallic materials is of great significance.

[0068] To simulate material damage behavior under in-situ hydrogen conditions, studies on the hydrogen compatibility of metallic materials must be conducted in a gas-phase hydrogen-filled environment. However, gas-phase hydrogen filling is time-consuming, and hydrogen atoms have difficulty penetrating into the material's interior. Currently, over 95% of research is conducted in a liquid environment during electrochemical hydrogen filling. Electrochemical hydrogen filling offers convenient control of conditions, stable measurement, and high reproducibility, and has become an internationally standard testing method. Furthermore, utilizing the cathode effect of the electrolysis process to allow hydrogen to enter the metal interior accelerates hydrogen atom penetration, enabling the material to achieve a high hydrogen concentration within a short time. However, during electrochemical hydrogen filling, the hydrogen diffusion flux can only be calculated by monitoring the steady-state anodic current. If the sample is removed for testing, some diffused hydrogen may escape into the air. Therefore, there is currently a lack of means to directly monitor damage in real time during hydrogen filling, making it difficult to directly establish a relationship between the monitoring signal and the degree of hydrogen filling.

[0069] Furthermore, in terms of monitoring technology, nonlinear ultrasound has higher detection sensitivity than traditional linear ultrasound. The principle is based on the nonlinear interaction generated by the damage itself, which distorts the detection signal. Therefore, by monitoring high-order harmonics and difference frequencies, it can effectively characterize early hydrogen damage and minute defects in metals. The drawback of this method is its high sensitivity to coupling conditions and system noise. Differences in the contact force between the probe and the sample, surface roughness, and other factors can significantly affect the monitoring results, resulting in poor repeatability.

[0070] Therefore, to address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system and method. This system first simulates the formation and evolution of metal hydrogen damage by electrochemically charging the sample with hydrogen. Then, a hydrogen permeation device converts hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample during the charging process into hydrogen ions. By acquiring the real-time current value generated during the conversion process, a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time is obtained. Next, during the charging process, ultrasonic guided waves are emitted into the sample, and the nonlinear response signal generated by the guided waves exciting ultrasonic waves inside the sample is received. Cepstral analysis is then performed on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time points. By combining the hydrogen permeation curve with the nonlinear coefficients, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. Finally, the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation, and the nonlinear coefficient value obtained through nonlinear testing is used to evaluate the degree of hydrogen permeation inside the metal, thereby obtaining the hydrogen damage state. This invention, based on real-time monitoring of the evolution and propagation of hydrogen damage in samples, obtains the correlation between the degree of hydrogen damage inside the metal and the monitoring characteristic parameters, realizing real-time monitoring and assessment of the degree of hydrogen damage inside the metal, and providing a basis for assessing the hydrogen embrittlement risk and remaining life of in-service hydrogen-contaminated facilities.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 The structure of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system described in this invention will be described in detail.

[0073] In this embodiment, the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system includes at least: a hydrogen charging device 10, a hydrogen permeation measuring device 20, and an ultrasonic measuring device 30. Specifically, the hydrogen charging device 10 electrochemically charges a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal that has not undergone hydrogen damage. During the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen charging device 10, the hydrogen permeation measuring device 20 converts hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample into hydrogen ions and measures the current generated by the free electrons generated during the conversion process in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time. During the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen charging device 10, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 emits ultrasonic guided waves to the sample and receives the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. Then, it performs cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve obtained by the hydrogen permeation measuring device 20, it determines the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage, and then substitutes the nonlinear response signal of the target metal into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

[0074] The hydrogen charging device 10 electrochemically charges a plate-shaped sample, identical to the target metal and undamaged by hydrogen. To accurately obtain the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage, in this embodiment, the metal material, identical to the target metal and undamaged by hydrogen, is first made into a plate-shaped sample with a regular shape. After connecting the plate-shaped sample to the hydrogen charging device 10, the hydrogen charging device 10 starts the electrochemical hydrogen charging process for the plate-shaped sample and terminates the hydrogen charging when the hydrogen charging time reaches a preset time (e.g., 72 hours).

[0075] The hydrogen charging device 10 includes a regulated power supply 101, an electrolytic cell 103, and a first platinum electrode 102. Specifically, the hydrogen charging device 10 achieves hydrogen charging based on an electrochemical reaction. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The positive terminal of the regulated power supply 101 is connected to the first platinum electrode 102, and the negative terminal is connected to the sample end face. The regulated power supply 101 provides the DC current required for the hydrogen charging process, and the electrolytic cell 103 contains the electrolytic solution required for the hydrogen charging process. At this time, the first platinum electrode 102 is inserted into the electrolytic solution as the hydrogen charging anode, and the sample is also inserted into the electrolytic solution as the hydrogen charging cathode. After the electrochemical hydrogen charging process is started, under the cathode effect of the electrochemical reaction (or electrolysis process), hydrogen atoms can enter the sample to complete the hydrogen charging.

[0076] The electrolytic cell solution is obtained by uniformly mixing a sulfuric acid solution of a specified concentration, thiourea, and distilled water. In one specific embodiment of this application, the sulfuric acid solution of the specified concentration is preferably a 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, and the thiourea solution of the specified concentration is preferably a 400 mg / L thiourea solution.

[0077] The electrolytic cell 103 is equipped with an observation window. Specifically, the observation window is located on the side wall of the electrolytic cell 103 and is used to observe the hydrogen damage state of the sample. Thus, direct observation helps verify the hydrogen damage state of the sample obtained based on instrument measurements, ensuring the reliability of the final obtained hydrogen damage state. In one specific embodiment of this application, the observation window is made of plexiglass.

[0078] Furthermore, the hydrogen permeation measuring device 20 converts hydrogen atoms that permeate into the sample into hydrogen ions during the hydrogen charging process, and measures the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time. Specifically, during the conversion of hydrogen atoms into hydrogen ions (i.e., the oxidation of hydrogen atoms into hydrogen ions), free electrons are generated. As these free electrons move, a corresponding current is formed, which can then be used to characterize the hydrogen content inside the metal. Accordingly, the hydrogen permeation measuring device 20 of this embodiment converts hydrogen atoms that permeate into the sample into hydrogen ions during the hydrogen charging process and measures the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process in real time, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time.

[0079] The hydrogen permeation measuring device 20 includes: an electrochemical measuring instrument 201, a hydrogen escape cell 203, and a second platinum electrode 202. For details, please refer to... Figure 1 The electrochemical measuring instrument is connected to the second platinum electrode 202 and the sample end face. The electrochemical measuring instrument 201 monitors the free electrons generated during the conversion process in real time, thereby obtaining the real-time current value, and then generating a current curve (anodic current-time relationship curve) showing the change of current value over time, which is then output as a hydrogen permeation curve. The hydrogen efflux cell 203 contains the hydrogen efflux solution required for the conversion process. The sample is embedded in the common sidewall between the electrolytic cell 103 and the hydrogen efflux cell 203, and the first sample end face and the second sample end face are respectively inserted into the electrolytic cell solution and the hydrogen efflux solution, and the second sample end face becomes part of the common sidewall. That is to say, the sample is embedded in the common sidewall between the electrolytic cell 103 and the hydrogen efflux cell 203. The second sample end face makes the electrolytic cell 103 and the hydrogen efflux cell 203 not communicate with each other. The electrolytic cell solution in the electrolytic cell 103 cannot enter the hydrogen efflux cell 203, and the hydrogen efflux solution in the hydrogen efflux cell 203 also cannot enter the electrolytic cell 103. The main body of the sample is inserted into the electrolytic cell 103, and only the second sample end face (B side) is inserted into the hydrogen efflux solution. At this time, in the hydrogen permeation measuring device 20, the second platinum electrode 202 is inserted into the hydrogen permeation cell solution as the hydrogen efflux cathode, and the sample is used as the hydrogen efflux anode. Essentially, the second sample end face (B side) is used as the hydrogen efflux anode. Simultaneously, in the hydrogen charging device 10, the sample also serves as the hydrogen charging cathode, essentially the first sample end face (A side) is used as the hydrogen charging cathode. In this embodiment, the sample in the electrolytic cell solution is entirely below the surface of the solution, so that the electrolytic cell solution can be used as the coupling medium for ultrasonic signal transmission (hereinafter referred to as ultrasonic testing). This solves the problem of difficult-to-control coupling factors in traditional contact ultrasonic testing, effectively reducing the influence of coupling factors and ensuring the stability of the ultrasonic guided waves transmitted and received to the sample. This provides basic data for accurately obtaining the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage. Therefore, this invention achieves simultaneous flaw detection of the sample during electrochemical hydrogen charging, effectively improving the efficiency of obtaining correlations. Furthermore, by using the electrolytic cell solution as the coupling medium for signal transmission (hereinafter referred to as ultrasonic testing), the reliability of the flaw detection results is ensured.

[0080] The hydrogen efflux pool solution is a sodium hydroxide solution of a specified concentration. In one specific embodiment of this application, a 0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is preferred.

[0081] In one specific embodiment of this application, the electrolytic cell 103 is preferably 50cm × 30cm × 20cm in size. An observation window is located at the center of the side wall of the electrolytic cell 103, and its size is preferably 20cm × 10cm. The hydrogen efflux cell 203 is preferably 30cm × 30cm × 20cm in size.

[0082] Furthermore, during the hydrogen charging process, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 emits ultrasonic guided waves to the sample and receives the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. Then, it performs cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, it determines the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage. Then, it substitutes the nonlinear response signal of the target metal into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

[0083] During hydrogen charging, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 emits ultrasonic guided waves (sound waves) to the sample. The nonlinear effect generated by the interaction between the finite-amplitude ultrasonic guided waves and defects in the sample during propagation significantly increases with damage accumulation or microstructural changes. Combined with the advantage that ultrasonic guided waves can propagate throughout the entire thickness of the sample, resulting in a wider inspection coverage, the ultrasonic measuring device 30's operation of emitting ultrasonic guided waves (sound waves) to the sample during hydrogen charging enables comprehensive flaw detection. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 emits ultrasonic guided waves to the sample during hydrogen charging and receives the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. This nonlinear response signal is used to monitor the formation and evolution of hydrogen damage in the sample during hydrogen charging. The nonlinear response signal is a nonlinear parameter. After receiving the nonlinear response signal, this embodiment performs cepstral analysis on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time points, thereby avoiding interference from fluctuations and noise signals caused by various devices in the metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system. Finally, a second-order polynomial fitting was performed on the hydrogen permeation coefficient on the hydrogen permeation curve and the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods to determine the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage. After determining the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage, ultrasonic guided waves were emitted to the target metal in the same manner as emitting ultrasonic guided waves to the sample. The nonlinear response signal for the current time period was obtained and the corresponding nonlinear coefficient was calculated. Substituting the calculated nonlinear coefficients into the aforementioned correlation relationship, the real-time acquisition of the hydrogen damage state of the target metal can be achieved.

[0084] In one specific embodiment of this application, the duration of each time period is preferably 30 minutes.

[0085] The ultrasonic measuring device 30 includes: an ultrasonic measuring main unit 301, a transmitting probe 302, and a receiving probe 303. For details, please refer to... Figure 1The ultrasonic measuring host 301 is connected to the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303. With the sample in the electrolytic cell solution completely below the solution surface, the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303 also remain below the solution surface to further ensure the stability of the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic guided wave emitted to the sample and the received guided wave exciting ultrasound within the sample. Under computer control, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 generates high-energy pulse electrical signals with various waveforms such as sinusoidal and modulated waves and transmits them to the transmitting probe 302. Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric element, the transmitting probe 302 converts the high-energy pulse electrical signal into high-frequency vibration, generating ultrasonic guided waves and emitting them to the side (C-side) of the sample. The receiving probe 303 receives the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic guided wave exciting ultrasound within the sample and, based on the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric element, converts the received signal (vibration signal) into a corresponding electrical signal and transmits it to the ultrasonic measuring host 301. The ultrasonic measuring host 301 collects the electrical signal converted from the received signal and performs cepstral analysis of the nonlinear response signal.

[0086] Traditional nonlinear coefficients are obtained by performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the acquired time-domain signal to obtain its spectral information. The traditional nonlinear coefficients are calculated using the following expression:

[0087]

[0088] Where β0 represents the traditional nonlinear coefficient, k represents the wave number, x represents the wave propagation distance, A1 represents the fundamental frequency signal amplitude, and A2 represents the second harmonic signal amplitude.

[0089] Traditional nonlinear coefficients can be simplified to However, due to the attenuation of metal materials and the nonlinear effects of fluctuations and noise signals caused by various devices in the metal hydrogen damage monitoring system, the uncertainty of calculating the nonlinear coefficient by only taking the amplitude of the fundamental frequency signal (e.g., 2MHz) and the amplitude of the second harmonic signal (e.g., 4MHz) is high. Moreover, the higher harmonic components obtained by fast Fourier transform are too weak and highly susceptible to external interference factors, resulting in poor processing capability for non-stationary signals.

[0090] In summary, the ultrasonic measurement host 301 of this invention first performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the received signal to calculate the power spectral density function, and then sequentially performs logarithmic calculation and inverse Fourier transform to calculate the amplitude cepstrum, thereby obtaining the cepstrum analysis result. Specifically, this embodiment improves the traditional nonlinear coefficient calculation method by first constructing an expression for the received signal, and then performing a FFT on both sides of the expression to calculate the power spectral density function. At this time, it is impossible to distinguish the interference signals in the received signal (i.e., fluctuations and noise signals caused by various devices in the metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system). Therefore, the logarithm of both sides of the power spectral density function is taken first, and then an inverse Fourier transform is performed on the logarithmized power spectral density function to calculate the amplitude cepstrum. This invention optimizes the traditional nonlinear coefficient calculation formula based on cepstral analysis, effectively distinguishing interference signals in the received signal, highlighting the periodic component of the signal, and simplifying the complex spectral waveform. This provides technical support for separating useful fundamental frequency, second harmonic, third harmonic, and other higher harmonic information. By accurately extracting the fundamental frequency and higher harmonic signals, it is possible to accurately obtain cepstral analysis results, that is, to obtain nonlinear coefficients that conform to reality.

[0091] The received signal is represented by the following expression:

[0092] w(t)=x(t)*z(t) (2)

[0093] The power spectral density function is calculated using the following expression:

[0094] G w (f)=G x (f)G z (f) (3)

[0095] Logarithmic calculations can be performed using the following expression:

[0096] logG w (f) = logG x (f)+logG z (f) (4)

[0097] The amplitude cepstrum is calculated using the following expression:

[0098] F(logG w (f))=F(logG x (f))+F(logG z (f)) (5)

[0099] Where t represents time, w represents the nonlinear response signal, x represents the periodic signal of the sound source, z represents the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, and G w(f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the nonlinear response signal, G x (f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the periodic signal from the sound source, G z (f) represents the Fast Fourier Transform result of the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, log represents the logarithmic function, and F represents the inverse Fourier transform.

[0100] Furthermore, the ultrasonic measurement host 301 separates higher harmonics from the cepstral analysis results, and then sequentially extracts the amplitudes corresponding to consecutive harmonic orders from the higher harmonics until the amplitude corresponding to a harmonic order is less than 1 / 50 of the amplitude of the second harmonic signal. The extraction stops at this point, and all extracted amplitudes are used to calculate the nonlinear coefficients. Specifically, the ultrasonic measurement host 301 separates higher harmonics from the cepstral analysis results, and then sequentially extracts the amplitudes of the fundamental frequency signal (e.g., 2MHz), the second harmonic signal (e.g., 4MHz), the third harmonic signal (e.g., 6MHz), ..., until the amplitude of the nth harmonic signal is less than 1 / 50 of the amplitude of the second harmonic signal (e.g., 4MHz). The extraction stops at this point, and the extracted n signal amplitudes are used to calculate the nonlinear coefficients.

[0101] In this embodiment, the nonlinear coefficients are calculated using the following expression:

[0102]

[0103] Where β represents the nonlinear coefficient, C represents the signal amplitude, and n represents the harmonic order at which extraction stops.

[0104] Furthermore, the ultrasonic measuring device 30 also includes an attenuator 304 and a filter 305. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic measuring device of the metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, attenuator 304 is disposed between the ultrasonic measurement host 301 and the transmitting probe 302 to attenuate the high-energy pulse electrical signal and transmit the attenuated high-energy pulse electrical signal to the transmitting probe 302 for conversion, thus preventing the high-energy pulse electrical signal power from being too high and damaging the receiving probe 303 due to excessive power in the received signal. Attenuator 304 is preferably a 40dB adjustable attenuator. Filter 305 is disposed between the ultrasonic measurement host 301 and the receiving probe 303 to filter the received signal and transmit the filtered received signal to the ultrasonic measurement host 301 for analysis, thus preventing irrelevant noise signals from interfering with the cepstral analysis results.

[0105] In one specific embodiment of this application, the filtered received signal is transmitted to the ultrasonic measurement host 301 for analysis, and is also transmitted to the oscilloscope 306 for display in waveform form, and simultaneously transmitted to the computer for storage, analysis and other operations.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] Based on the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system disclosed in Embodiment 1, in a specific embodiment of this application, the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system further includes a probe adjustment device 40. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the probe adjustment device of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 2 and Figure 3 The probe adjustment device 40 is used to adjust the position and attitude of the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303, and to fix each probe, thereby realizing the adjustment of the probe's focusing angle and position. Furthermore, it ensures the probe remains stable during adjustment, reduces vibration, and avoids noise. In a specific embodiment of this application, a computer and a motion controller are also connected to the metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system. The computer sends control commands to the motion controller, and the motion controller responds to the control commands by stepping the probe adjustment device 40 to achieve automated adjustment of the probe's focusing angle and position.

[0108] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The probe adjustment device 40 includes a three-dimensional guide rail 401, a gantry bracket 402, and a probe clamp 404. In one specific embodiment of this application, the three-dimensional guide rail 401 is welded to the opening of the electrolytic cell 103, with an effective travel distance of 45 cm, forming an integrated structure with the electrolytic cell 103. The gantry bracket 402 and the three-dimensional guide rail 401 form a ball screw structure. The rotation of the screw drives the slider of the gantry bracket 402 to move linearly, thereby adjusting the positional relationship between the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303 and the sample, achieving higher positioning accuracy. The probe clamp 404 is connected to the gantry bracket 402 and slides on the gantry bracket 402 to adjust the positional relationship between the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the probe holder of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the probe clamp 404 that holds each probe has a clamping jaw assembly containing three jaws 4031. The transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303 are clamped and fixed by different jaw assemblies, ensuring the stability of the probe. Each jaw assembly is equipped with a rotational degree of freedom. Based on its rotational degree of freedom, each jaw assembly adjusts the focusing angle between the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303.

[0109] Furthermore, rubber material 4032 is attached to the contact points between the gripper 4031 and each probe to buffer and isolate vibration, effectively preventing damage to the probe caused by excessive clamping force.

[0110] Furthermore, the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system of the present invention also includes an electrode clamp 403. The electrode clamp 403 is connected to a three-dimensional guide rail 401, and the positional relationship between the first platinum electrode 102 and the electrolytic cell solution, and the positional relationship between the second platinum electrode 202 and the hydrogen efflux cell solution are adjusted by sliding on the three-dimensional guide rail 401.

[0111] Example 3

[0112] Based on the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system disclosed in Embodiment 2, in a specific embodiment of this application, the probe clamp 404 also performs linkage control on different combinations of grippers to clamp and self-lock the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303. That is, operating one handle can clamp the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303 simultaneously, ensuring that the coupling preload of the transmitting probe 302 and the receiving probe 303 remains consistent during each monitoring process.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] In one specific embodiment of this application, X52 steel is used as the target metal for monitoring the hydrogen damage state. The plate-shaped sample has dimensions of 200mm × 50mm × 10mm, and the hydrogen charging current density is 10mA / cm². 2 The hydrogen charging time was 12 hours, the transmission signal frequency was 2 MHz, the modulation method was Hanning window modulation, the transmission signal amplitude was 10 V, the number of cycles was 20, the oscilloscope sampling frequency was 625 kHz, and the oscilloscope sampling time was 200 ms. The hydrogen permeability coefficient and nonlinear coefficient β on the hydrogen permeation curve were calculated every 30 minutes, and the hydrogen permeability coefficient was normalized to obtain the coefficient values ​​shown in Table 1.

[0115] Table 1. Coefficient Values

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Figure 5 This is an example graph showing the fitting curve of the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 5 Using the coefficient values ​​shown in Table 1, the relationship between the hydrogen permeability coefficient and the nonlinear coefficient was fitted, with the nonlinear coefficient as the independent variable and the hydrogen permeability coefficient as the dependent variable. A second-order polynomial fitting method was used to obtain the following results: Figure 5 The fitted curve shown (i.e., the hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside X52 steel over time) determines the correlation between the current nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage in X52 steel. This fitted curve is expressed using the following expression:

[0119] y=-0.39556+0.24112x-0.01069x 2 (7)

[0120] Where y represents the hydrogen permeability coefficient and x represents the nonlinear coefficient.

[0121] Finally, ultrasonic guided waves are emitted to in-service hydrogen supply equipment such as hydrogen pipelines made of X52 steel in the same manner as ultrasonic guided waves are emitted to plate-shaped samples made of X52 steel, and the nonlinear coefficient of the in-service hydrogen supply equipment is obtained. Then, the nonlinear coefficient is substituted into the aforementioned fitting curve, and the corresponding hydrogen permeability coefficient of the in-service hydrogen supply equipment can be calculated, so as to realize the monitoring and evaluation of the hydrogen damage status of the in-service hydrogen supply equipment.

[0122] Example 5

[0123] On the other hand, based on the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system described in Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment of the invention also proposes a metal hydrogen damage state monitoring method, which utilizes the aforementioned metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system to effectively monitor metal hydrogen damage.

[0124] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for monitoring the damage state of metallic hydrogen according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the method for monitoring the hydrogen damage state of metals according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step S610: Electrochemically charging a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal and which has not undergone hydrogen damage using a hydrogen charging device; Step S620: During the hydrogen charging process in Step S610, hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample are converted into hydrogen ions using a hydrogen permeation measuring device, and the current generated by the free electrons generated during the conversion process is measured in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time; Step S630: During the hydrogen charging process in Step S610, an ultrasonic measuring device is used to emit ultrasonic guided waves to the sample and receive the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. The received signal is then subjected to cepstral analysis to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve in Step S620, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. The nonlinear response signal of the target metal is then substituted into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

[0125] This invention proposes a system and method for monitoring the hydrogen damage state of metals. The system first simulates the formation and evolution of hydrogen damage in metals by electrochemically charging the sample with hydrogen. Then, a hydrogen permeation device converts hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample during the charging process into hydrogen ions. The system obtains a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change in internal hydrogen content of the metal over time by acquiring the real-time current value generated during the conversion process. Next, during the charging process, ultrasonic guided waves are emitted to the sample, and the nonlinear response signal generated by the guided waves exciting ultrasonic waves inside the sample is received. Cepstral analysis is then performed on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time points. By combining the hydrogen permeation curve with the nonlinear coefficients, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. Finally, the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation, and the nonlinear coefficient value obtained through nonlinear testing is used to assess the degree of hydrogen permeation inside the metal, thereby obtaining the hydrogen damage state. This invention, based on real-time monitoring of the evolution and expansion state of hydrogen damage in the sample, obtains the correlation between the degree of internal hydrogen damage and monitoring characteristic parameters, realizing real-time monitoring and assessment of the degree of internal hydrogen damage in metals, and providing a basis for assessing the hydrogen embrittlement risk and remaining life of in-service hydrogen-contaminated facilities.

[0126] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0127] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0128] The phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" used in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0129] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection of this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system, characterized in that, include: Hydrogen charging device, used for electrochemical hydrogen charging of plate-shaped samples that are identical to the target metal and have not suffered hydrogen damage; A hydrogen permeation measuring device is used to convert hydrogen atoms that permeate into a sample into hydrogen ions during the hydrogen charging process, and to measure the current formed by the free electrons generated during the conversion process in real time, so as to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve representing the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time. An ultrasonic measuring device is used to emit ultrasonic guided waves to the sample during hydrogen charging and receive the nonlinear response signal formed by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. The received signal is then subjected to cepstral analysis to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. The nonlinear response signal of the target metal is then substituted into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

2. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen charging device includes: A regulated power supply connected to the first platinum electrode and the sample end face is used to provide the direct current required for the hydrogen charging process. An electrolytic cell, which is used to hold the electrolytic cell solution required for the hydrogen charging process; The first platinum electrode, inserted into the electrolytic cell solution, serves as the hydrogen-filling anode.

3. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen permeation measuring device includes: An electrochemical measuring instrument connected to the second platinum electrode and the sample end face is used to acquire the real-time current value of the current, generate a current curve of the current value changing over time, and output it as the hydrogen permeation curve. The hydrogen efflux cell is used to contain the hydrogen efflux cell solution required for the conversion process. The sample is embedded in the common sidewall between the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen efflux cell, and the first sample end face and the second sample end face are respectively inserted into the electrolytic cell solution and the hydrogen efflux cell solution, and the second sample end face becomes part of the common sidewall. The sample in the electrolytic cell solution is completely below the liquid surface of the electrolytic cell solution. The second platinum electrode, inserted into the hydrogen efflux pool solution, serves as the hydrogen efflux cathode.

4. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell solution is obtained by uniformly mixing sulfuric acid solution of a specified concentration, thiourea and distilled water.

5. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell comprises: An observation window is provided on the side wall of the electrolytic cell for observing the hydrogen damage state of the sample. The observation window is made of plexiglass.

6. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen efflux pool solution is a sodium hydroxide solution of a specified concentration.

7. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that, The ultrasonic measuring device includes: An ultrasonic measurement host, which is connected to a transmitting probe and a receiving probe respectively, is used to generate high-energy pulse electrical signals and transmit them to the transmitting probe, as well as to perform cepstral analysis on the nonlinear response signal; The transmitting probe is used to convert the high-energy pulsed electrical signal into high-frequency vibration, generate ultrasonic guided waves, and emit them to the side of the sample. The receiving probe is used to receive the nonlinear response signal corresponding to the ultrasonic guided wave and convert the received signal into a corresponding electrical signal for transmission to the ultrasonic measurement host.

8. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ultrasonic measurement host is further configured to first perform a fast Fourier transform on the received signal to calculate the power spectral density function, and then sequentially perform logarithmic calculation and inverse Fourier transform to calculate the amplitude cepstrum, thereby obtaining the cepstrum analysis results. The received signal is represented by the following expression: w(t) = x(t) * z(t) The power spectral density function is calculated using the following expression: G w (f)=G x (f)G z (f) Logarithmic calculations can be performed using the following expression: log w (f)=logG x (f)+logG z (f) The amplitude cepstrum is calculated using the following expression: F(logG w (f))=F(logG x (f))+F(logG z (f)) Where t represents time, w represents the nonlinear response signal, x represents the periodic signal of the sound source, z represents the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, and G w (f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the nonlinear response signal, G x (f) represents the result of the Fast Fourier Transform of the periodic signal from the sound source, G z (f) represents the Fast Fourier Transform result of the fluctuation and noise signals caused by each device, log represents the logarithmic function, and F represents the inverse Fourier transform.

9. The metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ultrasonic measurement host is further configured to separate higher harmonics from the cepstral analysis results, and then extract the amplitudes corresponding to consecutive harmonic orders from the higher harmonics sequentially until the amplitude corresponding to a harmonic order is less than 1 / 50 of the amplitude of the second harmonic signal. The nonlinear coefficient is then calculated using all extracted amplitudes, wherein the nonlinear coefficient is calculated using the following expression: Where β represents the nonlinear coefficient, C represents the signal amplitude, and n represents the harmonic order at which extraction stops.

10. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The ultrasonic measuring device also includes: An attenuator is installed between the ultrasonic measuring host and the transmitting probe to attenuate the high-energy pulse electrical signal and transmit the attenuated high-energy pulse electrical signal to the transmitting probe for conversion. A filter is installed between the ultrasonic measurement host and the receiving probe to filter the received signal and transmit the filtered received signal to the ultrasonic measurement host for analysis.

11. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system also includes: A probe adjustment device is used to adjust the position and attitude of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, and to fix each probe. The probe adjustment device comprises: A three-dimensional guide rail is welded to the opening of the electrolytic cell, forming an integrated structure with the electrolytic cell; A gantry support, which forms a ball screw structure with the three-dimensional guide rail, is used to adjust the positional relationship between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe and the sample. The probe clamp, connected to the gantry bracket, is used to clamp and fix the transmitting probe and the receiving probe respectively through different combinations of grippers, and to adjust the focusing angle between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the rotational degrees of freedom of each gripper combination.

12. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The probe clamp is also used to clamp and self-lock the transmitting probe and the receiving probe by means of linkage control of the different gripper combinations.

13. The metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The gripper assembly includes a rubber material, wherein the rubber material is located at the contact position between each gripper and the corresponding probe, and is used to buffer and isolate the probe.

14. The metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The metallic hydrogen damage state monitoring system also includes: An electrode clamp, connected to the three-dimensional guide rail, is used to adjust the positional relationship between the first platinum electrode and the electrolytic cell solution, and the positional relationship between the second platinum electrode and the hydrogen efflux cell solution.

15. A method for monitoring the damage state of metallic hydrogen, characterized in that, The method for monitoring the metal hydrogen damage state is implemented using the metal hydrogen damage state monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the method for monitoring the metal hydrogen damage state includes: Electrochemical hydrogen charging was performed on a plate-shaped sample of the same metal as the target metal that had not been damaged by hydrogen using a hydrogen charging device. During the hydrogen charging process, hydrogen atoms that have permeated into the sample are converted into hydrogen ions using a hydrogen permeation measuring device, and the current generated by the free electrons produced during the conversion process is measured in real time to obtain a hydrogen permeation curve that represents the change of hydrogen content inside the metal over time. During hydrogen charging, an ultrasonic measuring device emits ultrasonic guided waves to the sample and receives the nonlinear response signal generated by the ultrasonic waves excited inside the sample. Then, cepstral analysis is performed on the received signal to obtain the nonlinear coefficients at different time periods. Based on this, combined with the hydrogen permeation curve, the correlation between the nonlinear response signal and the degree of hydrogen damage is determined. Then, the nonlinear response signal of the target metal is substituted into the correlation to obtain the hydrogen damage state.

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