A dual-loop management method and system for rockburst disaster risk

Abstract

This invention discloses a dual-loop management method and system for rockburst disaster risk, relating to the field of coal mine safety engineering technology. The management method includes the following steps: conducting a rockburst hazard assessment, delineating rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; real-time collection of multi-source monitoring data underground; identifying risk types, calling preset mitigation schemes for regional and / or risk management, and completing the inner-loop known risk management once the risk is eliminated; for risks of uncertain hazard types or risks that cannot be eliminated by the above-mentioned preset mitigation schemes, supplementing with large-scale mining environment disaster-inducing structure analysis; deploying active or passive detection and monitoring systems to achieve dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards; implementing precise rockburst prevention and control measures and verifying the prevention and control effects; and inputting the verified and effective mitigation schemes and their corresponding risk characteristics into the aforementioned risk characteristic and measure database, integrating the accident causal chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete the dual closed-loop management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety engineering technology, and in particular to a dual-loop control method and system for rockburst disaster risk. Background Technology

[0002] Rockburst is a typical dynamic disaster faced in deep coal mining. Its occurrence is characterized by suddenness and high destructiveness, causing not only roadway collapses and equipment damage, but also, in severe cases, casualties among underground workers, seriously threatening mine safety. Currently, the industry generally adopts a closed-loop management method centered on "monitoring-early warning-remediation-effectiveness verification" to control rockburst risks. This method mainly targets known rockburst risk types with clear mechanisms, establishing corresponding characteristic databases and standard remediation scheme databases, which can efficiently handle these recurring rockburst risks. However, with the continuous increase in mining depth and the expansion of mining scale, large-scale mining structures have been formed under conditions of large mining height, large span, and complex geology. The impact range of mining-induced stress fields is wider, the energy released by the fracture of high-level hard roof is greater, the transfer path of stress concentration zones is more complex, the disaster evolution mechanism is unclear, and prevention and remediation are more difficult. Faced with these unknown types of risks, traditional assessment methods struggle to address the unclear mechanisms and broader scope of disaster-prone environments, failing to accurately delineate hazard sources and evolution paths. Traditional experience-based mitigation solutions (such as conventional borehole decompression) are often ineffective in managing large-scale, deep stress concentrations, resulting in the inability to eliminate risks. Furthermore, the existing closed-loop system is static, unable to feed new knowledge and solutions gained from handling unknown risks into the knowledge base, causing the system's response capabilities to stagnate.

[0003] A search of existing technologies revealed a Chinese patent, CN120493068A, published on August 15, 2025, entitled "A Method, Device, Equipment, and Medium for Early Warning and Prevention of Rockburst in Mines." This patent application is based on a high-precision positioning method to acquire multi-source monitoring data; it extracts features from the multi-source monitoring data to obtain deep-level feature data; it constructs a network prediction model, trains the network prediction model using the deep-level feature data, and obtains a trained network prediction model; it constructs a three-dimensional cellular automaton model of the coal and rock mass fracturing process, and uses this model to simulate prevention and control strategies to obtain the final prevention and control strategy. Its shortcomings are: although this invention constructs a technological closed loop through multi-source data and intelligent modeling, it does not achieve deep integration of technology and management, lacks comprehensive coverage of "known-unknown" risks, and has deficiencies in spatial scale identification, active and passive detection, and management process support, affecting overall control effectiveness. Chinese patent publication number CN120525465A, publication date August 22, 2025, patent title: A method, system, electronic device and storage medium for active prevention and control of rockburst. This patent application obtains microstructure parameters of coal and rock mass and predicts rockburst parameters based on the microstructure parameters; determines the control parameter combination and control target corresponding to the rockburst parameters based on the three-dimensional mapping relationship between the microstructure state, control target and control parameter combination; controls the coal and rock mass according to the control parameter combination to obtain the control result, and adjusts the control parameter combination if the control result does not meet the control target until the control result meets the control target. Its shortcomings are as follows: While this invention achieves a technical closed loop from monitoring and prediction to intelligent control by constructing a quantitative model of microstructural parameters and rockbursts, it lacks deep integration with risk management mechanisms and fails to form a comprehensive management closed loop covering risk identification, assessment, early warning, and process management. Furthermore, its model heavily relies on historical data, making it difficult to address unknown types of risks with unclear disaster-causing mechanisms. Moreover, its monitoring and control measures are mostly limited to microscopic and localized areas, failing to solve the problem of dynamic identification of hazards and precise prevention and control across a larger spatial scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent control method and system that can effectively manage both known and unknown risks simultaneously, and can continuously learn and improve from practice to achieve dynamic control of rockburst disaster risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This solution addresses the issues and needs raised above by proposing a dual-loop management method and system for rockburst disaster risk. The above technical objectives are achieved by adopting the following technical features, and several other technical benefits are also brought about.

[0005] One objective of this invention is to propose a dual-loop management method for rockburst-induced disaster risks, comprising the following steps: S10: Collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; S20: Deploy microseismic monitoring systems, acoustic and electrical monitoring systems, and stress monitoring systems in the impact hazard zone to collect downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time; S30: Based on the collected multi-source monitoring data and the preset risk characteristics and measures library, identify the risk type, call the preset governance plan to carry out regional and / or risk disposal, and complete the control of known risks in the inner ring when the risk is eliminated; S40: For risks that cannot be determined or that cannot be eliminated by the above-mentioned pre-set treatment plan, a large-scale analysis of the disaster-prone structure of the mining environment should be conducted based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action to determine the potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths of the far-field dangerous areas of the large mining structure. S50: Conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards; S60: Further implement precise prevention and control measures for rockbursts, and verify the prevention and control effect through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring through the detection and monitoring system until the risk of rockbursts can be tolerated, and complete the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. S70: Verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics are fed back and entered into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, integrating the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

[0006] In addition, the dual-loop control method and system for rockburst disaster risk according to the present invention may also have the following technical features: In one example of the present invention, step S10 specifically includes the following steps: S11: Based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, determine the study area, obtain various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate the corresponding scores according to the standards. S12: The actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Impact Risk Comprehensive Index The expression is: S13: Comprehensive Impact Hazard Index calculated based on And an index-based classification standard is used to determine the hazard level of rockbursts.

[0007] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, a preset treatment plan is invoked to handle regional and / or local risks, including: implementing regional control measures such as mining protective layer and coal seam water injection, and verifying the regional control effect; and / or implementing local control measures such as borehole depressurization and blasting depressurization, and verifying the local area control effect.

[0008] In one example of the present invention, step S40 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Based on the stress wave propagation and control equation, analyze the superimposed influence of dynamic load sources such as high-level hard roof fracture and fault activation on the mining structure. S42: Supplement the collection of data on high-level, thick, and hard roofs, activation of large fault structures, and long-distance disturbances in mining areas and even large-scale areas of mining areas, to determine potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field dangerous areas of large mining structures.

[0009] In one example of the present invention, in step S41, the governing equation specifically includes the following: (1) The expression for the dynamic stress wave displacement field generated by tensile fracture of a hard top plate is: In the formula, Represents the dynamic displacement field of the stress wave generated by the fracture of the top plate, indicated by the superscript R. and Corresponding to the P-wave, SH-wave, and SV-wave components of stress waves, respectively, the subscripts are... This indicates a tensile fracture of the top plate. and λ is a mechanical constant of coal and rock mass, and it is related to compressive strength. Related to shear strength; The angle between the observation direction and the vertical axis; The azimuth angle of the observation direction in the horizontal plane; For density, and For the P-wave and S-wave velocities of coal and rock mass, Let r be the coordinates of the fracture point of the coal and rock mass. The distance to observation point x, This indicates the crack propagation rate during the top plate fracture process; (2) The stress fluctuation energy transfer coefficient is: In the formula, n is the total number of terms taken in the Fourier sine series expansion; This represents the energy density of the incident stress wave; This represents the energy density of the transmitted wave after passing through the rock strata interface. The duration of the stress wave; Represents the time function of the incident stress wave; Indicates incident stress wave After Fourier series expansion, the first... One harmonic component; The equivalent wave impedance of the stress wave passing through the k-layer interface; This represents the stress transmission coefficient when a stress wave passes through the interface of multiple rock layers; (3) Criteria for rockburst occurrence and failure index H: In the formula, For static load on surrounding rock, To reach the dynamic stress wave intensity of the surrounding rock, The dynamic compressive strength of the surrounding rock. For dynamic stress; Static destruction pressure; The impact kinetic energy per unit area; This refers to the energy consumption during plastic deformation.

[0010] In one example of the present invention, step S50 specifically includes the following steps: S51: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for rockburst hazard, including three primary factors: rockburst tendency, geological factors, and mining technology conditions, and their corresponding 28 secondary indicators. , ; S52: Rockburst hazard is classified into K ordered levels, denoted as... ; S53: Construct a measurement function that represents the measured value of the index. Belongs to the evaluation level The degree; S54: Calculate the weight vector of each indicator using an improved analytic hierarchy process. ; S55: Obtain the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator of the evaluation object. Then, the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator were... Substitute it into its corresponding unknown measure function This yields its measurement values ​​for each hazard level. To form a single-index measurement and evaluation matrix Its expression is: S56: Transfer the indicator weight vector With single-index measurement evaluation matrix Multiplying these results in a comprehensive measure vector reflecting the overall risk of the evaluated object X. ,Right now ,in, In the formula, ; indicates that the evaluated object X belongs to the hazard level. The comprehensive measure value; S57: Given that the evaluation level C is ordered, the confidence level identification criterion is used to determine the hazard level; where, let λ be the confidence level, and let... The final assessment of the rockburst hazard level of the evaluated object was: ; S58: Obtain risk level and zoning results, deploy a network of parallel electrical resistivity or seismic CT detection systems in the risk area, and combine them with microseismic, acoustic-electric, and stress monitoring systems to detect / monitor the distribution and evolution of stress field and structural field in real time, and obtain the spatiotemporal characteristics of disaster risk, so as to realize the dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazard on a larger scale and in a larger spatial range.

[0011] In one example of the present invention, in step S53, the construction expression of the measure function specifically includes the following: For extremely large metrics, the measurement function is: For extremely small metrics, the measurement function is: In the formula, , The grading standards for this indicator are respectively , , , The critical value between levels; These are the measured values ​​of the secondary indicators; For the selected qualitative indicators, a tiered standard quantification method is used for quantification. When assigning values ​​to the indicators in segments using the tiered standard quantification method, values ​​are assigned according to 1-3-5-7. The quantitative calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first i The first in the class j The value of a qualitative indicator after quantification; Indicates the first i Class 1 j A description of the original state of each qualitative indicator; , , and These represent descriptions of the original state under different assignments; The measurement function for this type of indicator is: .

[0012] In one example of the present invention, step S60 further implements precise control measures for rockburst, specifically including: using a directional drilling rig to construct ultra-long directional boreholes and cooperating with segmented hydraulic fracturing to achieve precise weakening of the high-level hard roof in a large area; or using high-pressure water jet rotation expansion hole technology in the coal seam to reduce the load and release energy of the local static load of the coal seam.

[0013] Another objective of this invention is to propose a dual-loop management system for rockburst disaster risk, comprising: The hazard assessment module is configured to collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; The data acquisition module is configured to acquire downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time through a microseismic monitoring system, an acoustic-electrical monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system deployed in the impact hazard area; The inner ring risk management module is configured to identify risk types based on collected multi-source monitoring data and a preset risk characteristics and measures library, call preset governance plans to handle regional and / or risk disposal, and complete the management of known risks in the inner ring once the risk is eliminated. The potential hazard identification module is configured to supplement the large-scale mining environment disaster-prone structure analysis based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action, for risks that cannot be identified or that have not been eliminated by the above-mentioned preset treatment schemes, in order to identify potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field hazard areas of the large mining structure. The hazard identification and assessment module is configured to conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards. The outer ring risk management module is configured to further implement precise prevention and control measures for rockbursts, and to verify the prevention and control effect through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring by the detection and monitoring system until the rockburst risk can be tolerated, thus completing the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. The dual closed-loop management module is configured to input verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, and integrate the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

[0014] In one example of the present invention, the hazard assessment module includes: The hazard indicator acquisition unit is configured to determine the study area based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, acquire various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate corresponding scores according to standards. The comprehensive index acquisition unit is configured to obtain the actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Impact Risk Comprehensive Index The expression is: The hazard level determination unit is configured based on the calculated comprehensive impact hazard index. And an index-based classification standard is used to determine the hazard level of rockbursts.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention innovatively divides rockburst risk management into an inner and outer ring through a dual-ring control model. The inner ring efficiently handles known risks, while the outer ring iteratively explores and resolves unknown risks, thus achieving hierarchical and graded precise control of complex risks.

[0016] This invention provides an effective methodology for analyzing, evaluating, and managing unknown types of risks associated with large-scale rockbursts through an iterative process involving the analysis of the stress wave action mechanism of rockbursts, the assessment of the impact risk of unknown measurements, and targeted and precise prevention and control measures. This solves the problem of managing unknown risks and fills a gap in existing technologies.

[0017] This invention uses a knowledge feedback mechanism to solidify the successful results of outer-loop exploration into the inner-loop knowledge base, enabling the system to continuously learn from practice. Future unknown risks can be transformed into known risks, realizing the system's self-learning and evolution, and fundamentally improving the system's long-term adaptability and intelligence level.

[0018] The enhanced detection (such as seismic wave CT detection) and targeted precision control measures (such as kilometer-level directional drilling technology and coal seam high-pressure water jet technology) adopted in the outer loop process of this invention can proactively address potential disaster sources in large mining structures and far-field areas, significantly improving the proactiveness and reliability of rockburst control measures.

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working face hazard assessment results according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S10: Collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; S20: Deploy microseismic monitoring systems, acoustic and electrical monitoring systems, and stress monitoring systems in the impact hazard zone to collect downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time; S30: Based on the collected multi-source monitoring data and the preset risk characteristics and measures library, identify the risk type, call the preset governance plan to carry out regional and / or risk disposal, and complete the control of known risks in the inner ring when the risk is eliminated; S40: For risks that cannot be determined or that cannot be eliminated by the above-mentioned pre-set treatment plan, a large-scale analysis of the disaster-prone structure of the mining environment should be conducted based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action to determine the potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths of the far-field dangerous areas of the large mining structure. S50: Conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards over a larger area and on a larger spatial scale. S60: Further implement more targeted and precise prevention and control measures for rockbursts that cover a wider range and larger spatial scale, and verify the prevention and control effect through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring through the detection and monitoring system until the risk of rockbursts can be tolerated and complete the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. S70: Verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics are fed back and entered into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, integrating the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

[0025] This control method innovatively divides rockburst risk control into an inner and outer loop through a dual-loop control model. The inner loop efficiently handles known risks, while the outer loop iteratively explores and resolves unknown risks, thus achieving layered and graded precise control of complex risks.

[0026] This management method provides an effective methodology for analyzing, evaluating, and managing unknown types of risks associated with large-scale rockbursts through an iterative process involving the analysis of rockburst stress wave action mechanism, assessment of unknown measurement impact risks, and targeted and precise prevention and control measures. It solves the problem of managing unknown risks and fills the gap in existing technologies.

[0027] This control method, through a knowledge feedback mechanism, solidifies the successful results of outer-loop exploration into the inner-loop knowledge base, enabling the system to continuously learn from practice. Future unknown risks can be transformed into known risks, realizing the system's self-learning and evolution, and fundamentally improving the system's long-term adaptability and intelligence level.

[0028] The enhanced detection (such as seismic wave CT detection) and targeted precision control measures (such as kilometer-level directional drilling technology and coal seam high-pressure water jet technology) adopted in the outer loop process of this control method can proactively address potential disaster sources in large mining structures and far-field areas, significantly improving the proactiveness and reliability of rockburst control measures.

[0029] In one example of the present invention, step S10 specifically includes the following steps: S11: Based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, determine the study area, obtain various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate the corresponding scores according to the interval division standard in Table 1. Table 1 shows the index classification criteria in the comprehensive impact hazard index evaluation method. S12: The actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Impact Risk Comprehensive Index The expression is: S13: Comprehensive Impact Hazard Index calculated based on The risk level of rockburst was determined by comparing it with the index classification standard in Table 2.

[0030] Table 2 shows the criteria for determining impact hazard levels. In one example of the present invention, in step S30, a preset treatment plan is invoked to handle regional and / or local risks, including: implementing regional control measures such as mining protective layer and coal seam water injection, and verifying the regional control effect; and / or implementing local control measures such as borehole depressurization and blasting depressurization, and verifying the local area control effect.

[0031] In other words, after identifying the dangerous area and its degree of danger, regional prevention and control measures are adopted for the known risks, and the effectiveness of regional prevention and control is tested. If the risk is not eliminated, the regional prevention and control measures are returned to continue. If the risk is eliminated, local regional prevention and control measures are adopted, and the effectiveness of local regional prevention and control is tested. If the risk is determined to be eliminated, normal mining operations are carried out; otherwise, local regional prevention and control measures are returned to continue.

[0032] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, step S40 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Based on the stress wave propagation and control equation, analyze the superimposed influence of dynamic load sources such as high-level hard roof fracture and fault activation on the mining structure. S42: Supplement the collection of data on high-level, thick, and hard roofs, activation of large fault structures, and long-distance disturbances in mining areas and even large-scale areas of mining areas, to determine potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field dangerous areas of large mining structures.

[0033] In one example of the present invention, in step S41, the governing equation specifically includes the following: (1) The expression for the dynamic stress wave displacement field generated by tensile fracture of a hard top plate is: In the formula, Represents the dynamic displacement field of the stress wave generated by the fracture of the top plate, indicated by the superscript R. and Corresponding to the P-wave, SH-wave, and SV-wave components of stress waves, respectively, the subscripts are... This indicates a tensile fracture of the top plate. and λ is a mechanical constant of coal and rock mass, and it is related to compressive strength. Related to shear strength; The angle between the observation direction and the vertical axis; The azimuth angle of the observation direction in the horizontal plane; For density, and For the P-wave and S-wave velocities of coal and rock mass, Let r be the coordinates of the fracture point of the coal and rock mass. The distance to observation point x, This indicates the crack propagation rate during the top plate fracture process; (2) The stress fluctuation energy transfer coefficient is: In the formula, n is the total number of terms taken in the Fourier sine series expansion; This represents the energy density of the incident stress wave; This represents the energy density of the transmitted wave after passing through the rock strata interface. The duration of the stress wave; Represents the time function of the incident stress wave; Indicates incident stress wave After Fourier series expansion, the first... One harmonic component; The equivalent wave impedance of the stress wave passing through the k-layer interface; This represents the stress transmission coefficient when a stress wave passes through the interface of multiple rock layers; (3) Criteria for rockburst occurrence and failure index H: In the formula, For static load on surrounding rock, To reach the dynamic stress wave intensity of the surrounding rock, The dynamic compressive strength of the surrounding rock. For dynamic stress; Static destruction pressure; The impact kinetic energy per unit area; Energy consumption for plastic deformation; when Impact damage occurs at certain times, and can be specifically categorized as follows: When At that time, it is dominated by high static load; when When, it is a dynamic-static coupling type; when At that time, it is a dynamic load-dominated type.

[0034] In one example of the present invention, step S50 specifically includes the following steps: S51: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for rockburst hazard, as shown in Table 3, including three main categories of primary factors: rockburst tendency, geological factors, and mining technology conditions, and their corresponding 28 secondary indicators. , ; S52: Rockburst hazard is classified into K ordered levels, denoted as... For example, let K=4, There is no risk of impact. Risk of weak impact. Moderate impact risk. High risk of impact; S53: Construct a measurement function that represents the measured value of the index. Belongs to the evaluation level The degree to which it is required, for example, to satisfy "normality" and "additivity", that is, to satisfy and In terms of indicators of Taking level (weak hazard) as an example, its measure function can be constructed as follows: in, , , , In the grading standard for this indicator , , , The critical value of the level.

[0035] S54: Calculate the weight vectors of each indicator using an improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). ; S55: Obtain the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator of the evaluation object. Then, the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator were... Substitute it into its corresponding unknown measure function This yields its measurement values ​​for each hazard level. To form a single-index measurement and evaluation matrix Its expression is: S56: Transfer the indicator weight vector With single-index measurement evaluation matrix Multiplying these results in a comprehensive measure vector reflecting the overall risk of the evaluated object X. ,Right now ,in, In the formula, ; indicates that the evaluated object X belongs to the hazard level. The comprehensive measure value; S57: Given that evaluation grade C is ordered ( The hazard level is determined using a confidence level identification criterion; where λ (λ≥0.5, generally λ=0.6 or 0.7) is the confidence level, and let... The final assessment of the rockburst hazard level of the evaluated object was: ; S58: Based on the above analysis, risk levels and zoning results are obtained. A network of parallel electrical resistivity tomography or seismic wave CT detection systems is deployed in the risk area. These systems are combined with microseismic, acoustic-electric, and stress monitoring systems to detect / monitor the distribution and evolution of stress and structural fields in a precise and real-time manner. The spatiotemporal characteristics of disaster risks are obtained, enabling dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards over a larger area and on a larger spatial scale.

[0036] Table 3 shows the comprehensive evaluation index system for rockburst hazard based on the unknown measure theory. In one example of the present invention, in step S53, the construction expression of the measure function specifically includes the following: For extremely large metrics, the measurement function is: For extremely small metrics, the measurement function is: In the formula, , The grading standards for this indicator are respectively , , , The critical value between levels; These are the measured values ​​of the secondary indicators.

[0037] It should be noted that among the evaluation indicators selected in this invention, some indicators have higher disaster risk as their values ​​increase; these indicators are called extremely large indicators. Other indicators have lower disaster risk as their values ​​increase; these indicators are called extremely small indicators.

[0038] For the selected qualitative indicators, a tiered standard quantification method is used for quantification. When assigning values ​​to the indicators in segments using the tiered standard quantification method, values ​​are assigned according to 1-3-5-7. The quantitative calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first i The first in the class j The value of a qualitative indicator after quantification; Indicates the first i Class 1 j A description of the original state of each qualitative indicator; , , and These represent descriptions of the original state under different assignments, such as "simple" and "complex". The measurement function for this type of indicator is: .

[0039] In one example of the present invention, step S60 further implements precise control measures for rockburst, specifically including: using a directional drilling rig to construct ultra-long directional boreholes and cooperating with segmented hydraulic fracturing to achieve precise weakening of the high-level hard roof in a large area; or using high-pressure water jet rotation expansion hole technology in the coal seam to reduce the load and release energy of the local static load of the coal seam.

[0040] For example, by using a kilometer-long directional drilling rig to construct ultra-long directional boreholes (reaching depths of over 1500 meters) and combining them with segmented hydraulic fracturing, precise weakening of the high-altitude, hard roof in large areas can be achieved; and by using high-pressure water jet rotary borehole expansion technology in coal seams to strongly relieve pressure and prevent erosion, the local static load of coal seams can be reduced and energy released.

[0041] When implementing precise rockburst prevention and control measures, the effectiveness of the prevention and control is verified through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring in step S50. When verifying the effectiveness of the outer ring, if the risk is eliminated, the operation returns to the inner ring for normal mining operations. If the risk is not eliminated, the operation returns to the outer ring for a larger-scale analysis.

[0042] In one example of the present invention, step S70 involves feeding back the verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics to the risk characteristics and measures database, integrating the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management, specifically including the following steps: S71: The verified and effective targeted governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics are fed back and entered into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, and the risk characteristics and measures database information is updated. S72: For key aspects of the dual-loop management system, including risk identification, risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and targeted prevention measures, strict technical approvals, improved accountability systems, and guaranteed safety investments are implemented. Simultaneously, regarding the intersection of human and material trajectories, employee work behavior is standardized (e.g., prohibiting entry into warning zones), and equipment and engineering inspections and maintenance are strengthened to prevent accidents caused by overlapping of people and materials in dangerous situations. Furthermore, in accordance with the dual-prevention mechanism requirements, identified hazards are strictly rectified according to the "five-fixed" principle (personnel, time, responsibility, standards, and measures) to achieve closed-loop management. When a warning threshold is triggered, the corresponding level of emergency response procedures are immediately activated to achieve effective in-process control and risk prevention.

[0043] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a dual-loop control system for rockburst disaster risk includes: The hazard assessment module is configured to collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; The data acquisition module is configured to acquire downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time through a microseismic monitoring system, an acoustic-electrical monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system deployed in the impact hazard area; The inner ring risk management module is configured to identify risk types based on collected multi-source monitoring data and a preset risk characteristics and measures library, call preset governance plans to handle regional and / or risk disposal, and complete the management of known risks in the inner ring once the risk is eliminated. The potential hazard identification module is configured to supplement the large-scale mining environment disaster-prone structure analysis based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action, for risks that cannot be identified or that have not been eliminated by the above-mentioned preset treatment schemes, in order to identify potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field hazard areas of the large mining structure. The hazard identification and assessment module is configured to conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards over a larger area and on a larger spatial scale. The outer ring risk management module is configured to further implement more targeted and precise rockburst prevention and control measures covering a wider range and a larger spatial scale. The module also uses a detection and monitoring system to detect and monitor the prevention and control effects in real time and dynamically until the rockburst risk can be tolerated, thus completing the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. The dual closed-loop management module is configured to input verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, and integrate the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

[0044] In one example of the present invention, the hazard assessment module includes: The hazard indicator acquisition unit is configured to determine the study area based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, acquire various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate corresponding scores according to standards. The comprehensive index acquisition unit is configured to obtain the actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Impact Risk Comprehensive Index The expression is: The hazard level determination unit is configured based on the calculated comprehensive impact hazard index. And an index-based classification standard is used to determine the hazard level of rockbursts.

[0045] This control system innovatively divides rockburst risk management into an inner and outer loop through a dual-loop control model. The inner loop efficiently handles known risks, while the outer loop iteratively explores and resolves unknown risks, thus achieving layered and graded precise control of complex risks.

[0046] This control system provides an effective methodology for analyzing, evaluating, and managing unknown types of risks associated with large-scale rockbursts through an iterative process involving the analysis of rockburst stress wave action mechanisms, assessment of unknown measurement impact risks, and targeted and precise prevention and control measures. It solves the problem of managing unknown risks and fills a gap in existing technologies.

[0047] This control system uses a knowledge feedback mechanism to solidify the successful results of the outer loop exploration into the inner loop knowledge base, enabling the system to continuously learn from practice. Future unknown risks can be transformed into known risks, realizing the system's self-learning and evolution, and fundamentally improving the system's long-term adaptability and intelligence level.

[0048] The enhanced detection (such as seismic wave CT detection) and targeted precision control measures (such as kilometer-long directional drilling technology and coal seam high-pressure water jet technology) adopted in the outer loop process of the control system can proactively address potential disaster sources in large mining structures and far-field areas, significantly improving the proactiveness and reliability of rockburst control measures.

[0049] Specific examples: A specific example of the dual closed-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk in large mining areas according to the present invention is as follows: A sample working face in a deep mine has reached a mining depth of over 560 meters, employing blasting and top coal caving techniques. The working face has a strike length of 365 meters, an dip length of 71 meters, a coal seam thickness of 12-15 meters, and a dip angle of 10-11°. The immediate roof is a 12-meter-thick coal seam, the main roof is a 50-60-meter-thick grayish-white medium sandstone, and the floor is a 2.5-3.0-meter-thick gray medium-fine sandstone. The geological structure is complex, with fault structures present in the area. The working face is a typical isolated working face, with adjacent areas already mined out and retaining section coal pillars. Based on the comprehensive index evaluation method of the "Interim Measures for the Identification of Rockburst Mines," the comprehensive rockburst hazard index (...) is calculated. According to the classification standards, the working face was determined to be at a medium impact hazard level.

[0050] Within the designated hazardous areas, a multi-source monitoring system is deployed: microseismic monitoring uses three-component sensors arranged in a 50×50m grid, with a monitoring frequency of 50~2000Hz and a sampling rate of 5000Hz; stress monitoring uses vibrating wire stress gauges drilled and installed in the roadway sides and coal face, with a hole depth of 8~12m and a point spacing of 20~30m; integrated acoustic and electro-optical monitoring uses a YDD16 portable monitoring instrument and a KJ796(A) online system, with a set of monitoring points every 100m. All data is transmitted in real time through a monitoring network composed of gigabit industrial Ethernet, forming a comprehensive multi-source data acquisition system.

[0051] Monitoring data showed that the electromagnetic radiation intensity surged from 46mV to 64mV and remained high, with a significant increase in acoustic emission frequency. Combined with stress concentration, the system identified this as a known impact risk type. Automatic matching and execution of regional control measures were implemented: coal seam water injection was carried out, with boreholes of 75mm diameter, spacing of 15-20m, and a depth ≥40m, at an injection pressure of 8-12MPa, increasing the coal seam moisture content by 1%-2%; simultaneously, local pressure relief was implemented using large-diameter boreholes (100-150mm diameter, 20-25m depth, spacing of 2-3m) and blasting pressure relief (42mm diameter, 10-15m depth, 3kg charge per hole, sealing length ≥5m). After treatment, stress decreased by over 30%, micro-vibration energy decreased by over 50%, the risk was initially eliminated, and the known risk control within the inner ring was completed.

[0052] In some areas, monitoring data after remediation still showed anomalies, with drastic fluctuations in electromagnetic radiation intensity and frequent microseismic events, indicating that the risks had not been completely eliminated. The focus shifted to managing unknown risks in the outer ring. Based on the mechanism of rockburst stress waves, supplementary large-scale analysis of the disaster-prone structure of the mining environment was conducted: Based on the stress wave propagation and control equations, the superimposed effects of dynamic load sources such as high-level hard roof fracture and fault activation on the mining structure were analyzed, identifying potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field hazardous areas, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent precise prevention and control.

[0053] For the entire working face, an evaluation based on the unknown measure theory was conducted. During the evaluation process, the measured values ​​of each indicator were input into the unknown measure model to determine the impact hazard level of the working face, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Based on this, a network-parallel electrical resistivity and seismic wave CT detection system is deployed, combined with microseismic, acoustic-electric, and stress monitoring, to achieve full-time and spatial dynamic identification of stress and structural fields.

[0054] Based on the evaluation results, large-scale precise prevention and control measures were implemented for the high-risk areas: ultra-long directional boreholes (depths exceeding 1500m) were drilled using a kilometer-long directional drilling rig, combined with segmented hydraulic fracturing, to weaken the high-level hard roof; high-pressure water jet rotary borehole expansion technology was adopted to achieve local static load reduction and energy release. During the prevention and control process, real-time data verification through parallel electrical resistivity methods and acoustic-electrical monitoring showed that the apparent resistivity value in the stress relief zone decreased from 9000 Ω·m to 3500 Ω·m, the apparent resistivity in the stress concentration zone increased from 1000 Ω·m to the normal level, the microseismic energy decreased significantly, and the risk gradually decreased to an acceptable level, completing the outer-ring iterative control.

[0055] The validated kilometer-long directional drilling rig segmented fracturing scheme, along with its corresponding high-level roof energy index, stress concentration characteristics, and other risk indicators, were fed back and entered into the risk characteristics and measures database. Simultaneously, based on the theory of accident causal chains and trajectory intersections, the anti-impact responsibility system was improved, employee work behavior was standardized, equipment maintenance was strengthened, and the spatial and temporal isolation of risks between people and equipment was achieved. Hidden dangers were rectified according to the "five-fixed" principle, forming a complete management closed loop and enhancing the system's risk resistance capabilities.

[0056] The foregoing description, with reference to preferred embodiments, details an exemplary implementation of the dual-loop management method and system for rockburst disaster risk proposed in this invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of this invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in this invention without exceeding the protection scope of this invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dual-loop management method for rockburst disaster risk, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; S20: Deploy microseismic monitoring systems, acoustic and electrical monitoring systems, and stress monitoring systems in the impact hazard zone to collect downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time; S30: Based on the collected multi-source monitoring data and the preset risk characteristics and measures library, identify the risk type, call the preset governance plan to deal with regional and / or local risks, and complete the control of known risks in the inner ring when the risk is eliminated; S40: For risks that cannot be determined or that cannot be eliminated by the above-mentioned pre-set treatment plan, a large-scale analysis of the disaster-prone structure of the mining environment should be conducted based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action to determine the potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths of the far-field dangerous areas of the large mining structure. S50: Conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards; S60: Further implement precise prevention and control measures for rockbursts, and verify the prevention and control effect through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring through the detection and monitoring system until the risk of rockbursts can be tolerated, and complete the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. S70: Verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics are fed back and entered into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, integrating the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

2. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S10 specifically includes the following steps: S11: Based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, determine the study area, obtain various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate the corresponding scores according to the standards. S12: The actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Among them, the comprehensive impact risk index The expression is: In the formula, i represents different evaluation indicators; S13: Comprehensive Impact Hazard Index calculated based on And an index-based classification standard is used to determine the hazard level of rockbursts.

3. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, a preset treatment plan is invoked to handle regional and / or local risks, including: implementing regional control measures such as mining protective layer and coal seam water injection, and verifying the regional control effect; and / or implementing local control measures such as borehole decompression and blasting decompression, and verifying the local area control effect.

4. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S40 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Based on the stress wave propagation and control equation, analyze the superimposed influence of dynamic load sources such as high-level hard roof fracture and fault activation on the mining structure. S42: Supplement the collection of data on high-level, thick, and hard roofs, activation of large fault structures, and long-distance disturbances in mining areas and even large-scale areas of mining areas, to determine potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field dangerous areas of large mining structures.

5. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S41, the governing equations specifically include the following: (1) The expression for the dynamic stress wave displacement field generated by tensile fracture of a hard top plate is: In the formula, Represents the dynamic displacement field of the stress wave generated by the fracture of the top plate, indicated by the superscript R. and Corresponding to the P-wave, SH-wave, and SV-wave components of stress waves, respectively, the subscripts are... This indicates a tensile fracture of the top plate. and λ is a mechanical constant of coal and rock mass, and it is related to compressive strength. Related to shear strength; The angle between the observation direction and the vertical axis; The azimuth angle of the observation direction in the horizontal plane; For density, and For the P-wave and S-wave velocities of coal and rock mass, Here are the coordinates of the fracture point in the coal and rock mass, where r is the fracture point. The distance to observation point x, This indicates the crack propagation rate during the top plate fracture process; (2) Stress fluctuation energy transfer coefficient for: In the formula, n is the total number of terms taken in the Fourier sine series expansion; This represents the energy density of the incident stress wave; This represents the energy density of the transmitted wave after passing through the rock strata interface. The duration of the stress wave; Represents the time function of the incident stress wave; Indicates incident stress wave After Fourier series expansion, the first... One harmonic component; The equivalent wave impedance of the stress wave passing through the k-layer interface; This represents the stress transmission coefficient when a stress wave passes through the interface of multiple rock layers; (3) Criteria for rockburst occurrence and failure index H: In the formula, For static load on surrounding rock, To reach the dynamic stress wave intensity of the surrounding rock, The dynamic compressive strength of the surrounding rock. For dynamic stress; Static destruction pressure; The impact kinetic energy per unit area; This refers to the energy consumption during plastic deformation.

6. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S50 specifically includes the following steps: S51: Establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for rockburst hazard, including three primary factors: rockburst tendency, geological factors, and mining technology conditions, and their corresponding 28 secondary indicators. , ; S52: Rockburst hazard is classified into K ordered levels, denoted as... ; S53: Construct a measurement function that represents the measured value of the index. Belongs to the evaluation level The degree; S54: Calculate the weight vector of each indicator using an improved analytic hierarchy process. ; S55: Obtain the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator of the evaluation object. Then, the measured values ​​of each secondary indicator were... Substitute it into its corresponding unknown measure function This yields its measurement values ​​for each hazard level. To form a single-index measurement and evaluation matrix Its expression is: S56: Transfer the indicator weight vector With single-index measurement evaluation matrix Multiplying these results in a comprehensive measure vector reflecting the overall risk of the evaluated object X. ,Right now ,in, In the formula, ; indicates that the evaluated object X belongs to the hazard level. The comprehensive measure value; S57: Given that the evaluation level C is ordered, the confidence level identification criterion is used to determine the hazard level; where, let λ be the confidence level, and let... The final assessment of the rockburst hazard level of the evaluated object was: ; S58: Obtain risk level and zoning results, deploy a network of parallel electrical resistivity or seismic CT detection systems in the risk area, and combine them with microseismic, acoustic-electric, and stress monitoring systems to detect / monitor the distribution and evolution of stress field and structural field in real time, and obtain the spatiotemporal characteristics of disaster risk, so as to realize the dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazard on a larger scale and in a larger spatial range.

7. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S53, the construction of the measure function expression specifically includes the following: For extremely large metrics, their measurement function for: For extremely small metrics, its measurement function for: In the formula, , The grading standards for this indicator are respectively , , , The critical value between levels; These are the measured values ​​of the secondary indicators; For the selected qualitative indicators, a tiered standard quantification method is used for quantification. When assigning values ​​to the indicators in segments using the tiered standard quantification method, values ​​are assigned according to 1-3-5-7. The quantitative calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first i The first in the class j The value of a qualitative indicator after quantification; Indicates the first i Class 1 j A description of the original state of each qualitative indicator; , , and These represent descriptions of the original state under different assignments; The measurement function for this type of indicator is: 。 8. The dual-loop control method for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S60, further implementation of precise rockburst control measures specifically includes: using a directional drilling rig to construct ultra-long directional boreholes and cooperating with segmented hydraulic fracturing to achieve precise weakening of the high-level hard roof in a large area; or using high-pressure water jet rotation expansion hole technology in the coal seam to reduce the load and release energy of the local static load of the coal seam.

9. A dual-loop control system for rockburst disaster risk, characterized in that, include: The hazard assessment module is configured to collect geological information and mining production data to obtain the impact evolution process, conduct rockburst hazard assessment, and delineate rockburst hazard areas and hazard levels; The data acquisition module is configured to acquire downhole multi-source monitoring data in real time through a microseismic monitoring system, an acoustic-electrical monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system deployed in the impact hazard area; The inner ring risk management module is configured to identify risk types based on collected multi-source monitoring data and a preset risk characteristics and measures library, call preset governance plans to handle regional and / or local risks, and complete the management of known risks in the inner ring once the risk is eliminated. The potential hazard identification module is configured to supplement the large-scale mining environment disaster-prone structure analysis based on the mechanism of rockburst stress wave action, for risks that cannot be identified or that have not been eliminated by the above-mentioned preset treatment schemes, in order to identify potential disaster sources and risk evolution paths in the far-field hazard areas of the large mining structure. The hazard identification and assessment module is configured to conduct rockburst hazard assessment based on the theory of unknown measure, deploy active or passive detection and monitoring systems, and realize dynamic identification and assessment of rockburst hazards. The outer ring risk management module is configured to further implement precise prevention and control measures for rockbursts, and to verify the prevention and control effect through real-time and dynamic detection and monitoring by the detection and monitoring system until the rockburst risk can be tolerated, thus completing the iterative management and control of unknown risks in the outer ring. The dual closed-loop management module is configured to input verified and effective governance solutions and their corresponding risk characteristics into the aforementioned risk characteristics and measures database, and integrate the accident causation chain and trajectory intersection theory to complete dual closed-loop management.

10. The dual-loop control system for rockburst disaster risk according to claim 9, characterized in that, The hazard assessment module includes: The hazard indicator acquisition unit is configured to determine the study area based on geological information, mining production data and field measurement data, acquire various indicators affecting the risk of rockburst, and calculate corresponding scores according to standards. The comprehensive index acquisition unit is configured to obtain the actual risk index values ​​of each indicator. Add them together and divide by the maximum possible risk index value of each indicator. The sum of these factors is used to calculate the comprehensive impact risk index. Impact Risk Comprehensive Index The expression is: In the formula, i represents different evaluation indicators; The hazard level determination unit is configured based on the calculated comprehensive impact hazard index. And an index-based classification standard is used to determine the hazard level of rockbursts.

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