Methods and systems for workpiece alignment during intermediate stages of bogie welding

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of rail vehicle technology. It proposes a method and system for adjusting the alignment of workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding. Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scaling requirements, key dimensions are selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model. Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point. A 3D scan of the actual bogie workpiece during the intermediate welding stage is performed to acquire point cloud data. Feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point. By comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point, the deviation of each feature point is obtained. For the key dimensions of the bogie workpiece, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priorities to each key dimension. Based on the deviation of each feature point and the weight priorities, the position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted. This invention achieves a closed-loop process from model adaptation and data comparison to baseline adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and in particular to a method and system for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding. Background Technology

[0002] The application of 3D inspection and scanning technologies in the mechanical manufacturing field is becoming increasingly widespread. The accuracy of 3D inspection equipment can now meet the production inspection needs of most parts. As an efficient data acquisition method, 3D scanning typically transmits the acquired inspection data to a corresponding brand's 3D model generator for preliminary processing before importing it into professional data processing software for point cloud and 3D model comparison. This type of data processing software has developed various point cloud and model registration methods, including: best fitting based on the iterative nearest point algorithm; datum registration using specified reference planes, reference axes, or reference points; feature registration selecting specific geometric features of the part; the 3-2-1 positioning method following machining or assembly tolerance requirements; rigid registration suitable for rigid structural parts; surface registration for free-form surface parts; reference point registration suitable for on-site assembly or large part inspection; and dynamic registration for monitoring dynamic environmental changes. These registration methods each correspond to different application scenarios and play an important role in the inspection and analysis of various parts.

[0003] In the bogie manufacturing process, the welding process is an intermediate stage. Due to the characteristics of the manufacturing process, the workpieces at this stage exhibit dimensional uncertainties, leading to discrepancies between their dimensions and the design 3D model. This makes it difficult for conventional data processing software's registration methods to meet the inspection requirements of bogie welded components. In actual production, to reduce subsequent adjustments, it's necessary to assign appropriate weights based on the importance of different dimensions and adjust the baseline position accordingly. This operation, known as "alignment," is a crucial step in ensuring machining accuracy during bogie production. However, existing systems lack a dedicated alignment function designed for bogie component manufacturing. This results in existing automated marking technology failing to meet the actual needs of bogie production, hindering accurate inspection and marking requirements and restricting the smooth progress of the production process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding. This method solves the problem that the workpieces in the intermediate stage of bogie welding cannot achieve precise repositioning due to differences between the process characteristics and the design 3D model. It realizes a closed-loop process from model adaptation and data comparison to benchmark adjustment, improving the adaptability and accuracy of the repositioning operation, and providing reliable benchmark support for subsequent automated marking, thus meeting the actual needs of bogie production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding.

[0006] A method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding includes the following steps: Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scale-up requirements, key dimensions were selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model; Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding is 3D scanned to obtain point cloud data, and feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point; the deviation of each feature point is obtained by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. For the critical dimensions of bogie workpieces, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priority to each critical dimension. The position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0007] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, when constructing the virtual intermediate model, only the core dimensions in the design 3D model that affect subsequent processing or assembly are directly scaled and adjusted without changing the overall structure and geometric relationship of the design 3D model, and the virtual intermediate model only retains the geometric features corresponding to the key dimensions. Key dimensions include the positioning arm height of the bogie workpiece, the allowable machining allowance, the symmetry of the component, the overall length and the overall width. Key feature surfaces are flat, abrupt, and reflectable local surfaces on the bogie workpiece. Feature points are evenly distributed on the key feature surfaces in an array.

[0008] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, when collecting reference values, the position and number of feature points corresponding to the reference values ​​are completely consistent with the feature points corresponding to the actual values, and the total number of feature points of the reference values ​​does not exceed the total number of feature points of the actual values. When processing point cloud data to obtain actual values, first remove the point abrupt change values ​​in the point cloud data, and then take the average of the remaining valid feature points as the actual value of the corresponding feature point. The actual value collection point coverage area is greater than or equal to N% of the area of ​​the corresponding key feature surface, where N is greater than or equal to 80.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, in the scribing weight mechanism, the weight priority is set sequentially according to the requirements for ensuring the machining amount of the bogie workpiece in terms of critical dimensions, the requirements for assembly symmetry, and the tolerance for overall dimensional deviation. When adjusting the baseline position, the baseline is adjusted sequentially based on the feature point deviations corresponding to each key dimension, in descending order of weight priority. After adjustment, the deviations of each key dimension are verified to meet the requirements. If there are cross-effects that exceed the allowable range, a second fine-tuning is performed.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, when adjusting the position of the baseline, if any feature point corresponding to a certain critical dimension has a deviation where the actual value is less than the reference value, the baseline in the corresponding direction is adjusted in the direction that meets the processing amount requirement of the critical dimension, and the amount of movement is equal to the absolute value of the deviation. If multiple feature points corresponding to the same critical dimension show deviations where the actual value is less than the reference value, the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of the multiple deviations is used as the amount of movement of the baseline.

[0011] In one implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the virtual intermediate model and the corresponding scribing weight mechanism form a reusable combination. When adapting to bogie workpieces of different specifications, only the key dimension parameters of the virtual intermediate model and the weight allocation ratio in the scribing weight mechanism are adjusted.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece retraction system.

[0013] A bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece clearance system, comprising: The virtual intermediate model building unit is configured to: select key dimensions and adjust them to build a virtual intermediate model based on the design 3D model and process scale-up requirements of the bogie workpiece. The feature point deviation calculation unit is configured to: collect feature points on the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; perform three-dimensional scanning on the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding to obtain point cloud data; collect and process feature points on the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain actual values ​​for each feature point; and obtain the deviation of each feature point by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. The weight priority setting unit is configured to: introduce a scribing weight mechanism for the key dimensions of the bogie workpiece, and assign the weight priority corresponding to each key dimension; The baseline position adjustment unit is configured to adjust the position of the baseline of the key feature surface according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a processor and a computer-readable storage medium; A processor, adapted to execute computer programs; A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece relocation method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program adapted to be loaded by a processor and executed by a method for reeling in the intermediate stage of bogie welding according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece relocation method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention employs a complete process of "constructing a virtual intermediate model, collecting reference and actual values ​​and calculating the deviation, introducing a scribing weight mechanism, and adjusting the baseline according to the deviation and weight priority." This solves the problem of inaccurate alignment during the intermediate stage of bogie welding due to differences between the workpiece's process characteristics and the design 3D model. It overcomes the shortcomings of existing 3D data processing methods, such as registration methods being unsuitable for intermediate bogie welding parts and lacking targeted alignment logic. Through the coherent connection of each step, a closed-loop process from model adaptation and data comparison to baseline adjustment is achieved. This not only breaks down the barriers between 3D scanning data and actual production applications but also enables intelligent guidance in the alignment process, improving the adaptability and accuracy of the alignment operation. It provides reliable baseline support for subsequent automated scribing and meets the actual needs of bogie production.

[0018] This invention employs a virtual intermediate model construction method that directly scales only the core dimensions of the 3D design model without altering the overall structure and preserving key geometric features. It also clearly defines the selection criteria for key dimension types and key feature surfaces, as well as the feature point layout method. This solves the problems of cumbersome virtual intermediate model construction and the lack of a reliable basis for subsequent data comparison due to ambiguous definition of key features. By focusing on core dimensions and key features, it improves the efficiency and relevance of virtual intermediate model construction. Furthermore, the standardized feature point layout method ensures the standardization of data collection, providing a prerequisite for accurate comparison between reference and actual values, and further guaranteeing the reliability of subsequent deviation calculations and baseline adjustments.

[0019] This invention employs a scheme where the location and number of feature points for reference and actual values ​​are completely consistent, the number of reference value points does not exceed the number of actual value points, and the actual values ​​are averaged after removing abrupt changes to ensure the coverage area of ​​the data collection. This solves the problem of distorted deviation calculations caused by mismatched points, scanning noise interference, and insufficient coverage during data collection. By standardizing the correspondence between points and the data processing flow, the matching degree between reference and actual values ​​and the purity of actual values ​​are improved, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of deviation calculations. This provides accurate and reliable data support for subsequent baseline adjustments and avoids line results that do not meet production requirements due to data errors.

[0020] This invention prioritizes processing volume requirements, assembly symmetry requirements, and overall dimensional deviation tolerance, adjusting the baseline according to priority and verifying secondary fine-tuning. This solves the problem of lack of clear guidance and easy cross-influence when multiple critical dimensions have deviations at the same time. By clarifying the weight priorities, it ensures that the processing volume and assembly symmetry requirements, which are crucial to production, are met first. The verification and secondary fine-tuning mechanism after adjustment effectively avoids the cross-influence caused by single-dimensional adjustment, improves the rationality and comprehensiveness of baseline adjustment, and ensures that all critical dimensions can meet the assembly and processing requirements of bogie production.

[0021] When the actual value of a single feature point is less than the reference value, the present invention moves the baseline according to the absolute value of the deviation. When multiple feature points have the same deviation, the maximum absolute value is used for the movement. This solves the problem of the lack of clear standards and inadequate adjustment of the baseline when the machining amount of critical dimensions is insufficient. Through clear movement rules, it ensures that the machining amount requirement of each critical feature point can be met. In particular, when multiple deviations exist at the same time, the maximum absolute value is used as the basis for adjustment, which can fully cover all situations where the machining amount is insufficient.

[0022] The virtual intermediate model and the line marking weight mechanism of this invention form a reusable combination. When adapting to bogie workpieces of different specifications, only the key dimension parameters and weight allocation ratios need to be adjusted. This technical solution solves the problem of repeatedly designing line marking models for bogie workpieces of different specifications, resulting in low adaptation efficiency. Through modular reusable design, there is no need to rebuild a complete line marking model for each specification of workpiece. This not only improves the universality and adaptation efficiency of the line marking method, but also reduces the technical adaptation cost of producing bogies of different specifications. It also reduces the redundant work caused by repeated development, enabling the line marking technology to quickly respond to the production needs of different specifications of workpieces and improve the flexibility and efficiency of the overall production process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece retraction method provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the construction logic of a virtual intermediate model provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A simplified example diagram of a virtual intermediate model provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a virtual intermediate model of an actual complex workpiece provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of local surface size feature point extraction provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a rectangular array acquisition point structure provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a ring array acquisition point structure is provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the reference plane of the bogie side beam provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the positioning arm height dimensions is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the processing volume dimensions provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of symmetry dimensions is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of auxiliary key dimensions provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 A schematic diagram of an auxiliary key dimension two provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the clearance logic for the height direction of the side beam positioning arm provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece yielding system provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0026] This implementation proposes a method for workpiece alignment during the intermediate stage of bogie welding. It is applicable to intelligent alignment of workpieces during this stage, particularly for core components such as bogie side beams and frames. Through virtual intermediate model construction, distributed clustering feature comparison, the introduction of a scribing weight mechanism, and the execution of alignment logic, it achieves precise adaptation between 3D scanning data and the digital model. Specifically, as... Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following: S101: Virtual intermediate model construction.

[0027] Due to factors such as process ramp-up and welding deformation during the intermediate stage of bogie welding, the actual dimensions of the workpiece differ significantly from the design 3D model, making it impossible to directly compare with scanning data. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a virtual intermediate model, and the specific process is as follows: like Figure 2 The image shown is a schematic diagram illustrating the dimensional correspondence between the actual workpiece and the designed 3D model. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the construction logic of the virtual intermediate model, clearly demonstrating the transformation relationship from the design 3D model to the virtual intermediate model. Based on the design 3D model, only the dimensions of key parts are adjusted, without changing the overall structure and geometric constraints of the design 3D model. Specifically, the key dimensions of the bogie workpiece are first selected, including the positioning arm height, machining allowance, component symmetry, overall length, and overall width—core parameters that affect subsequent machining and assembly. Non-critical dimensions (such as non-assembly grooves and fillets on surfaces) remain unchanged from the original design 3D model.

[0028] like Figure 4 The diagram shows a virtual intermediate model of a complex workpiece, illustrating the virtual model form of a complex workpiece such as a bogie side beam. The model is incomplete, retaining only the geometric features corresponding to key dimensions (such as positioning arms, reference surfaces, key holes, etc.), while non-key features are simplified or omitted. This reduces the amount of data processing and accurately matches subsequent comparison requirements. After the model is built, a key dimension comparison table is generated to clarify the correspondence between design values, scale-up values, and virtual intermediate model values, ensuring that subsequent data comparisons are traceable.

[0029] S102: Comparison of distributed clustering features.

[0030] The core of distributed clustering feature comparison is to obtain the precise deviation between the actual workpiece and the virtual intermediate model by collecting and comparing local surface feature points. The specific implementation steps are as follows: S102-1: Selection of key feature surfaces and placement of feature points.

[0031] like Figure 5The diagram shows a partial surface dimension feature point extraction, illustrating the selection criteria for key feature surfaces. Flat, non-abrupt local surfaces on the bogie workpiece that can reflect key dimensions (such as the plane of the side beam cover plate, the end face of the positioning arm, the cylindrical surface of the reference hole, etc.) are selected. The multiple independent areas marked in the figure are the selected key feature surfaces, and each feature surface is marked with a unique identifier to distinguish it.

[0032] For each key feature surface, feature points are arranged in an array. Refer to [reference needed] for the specific arrangement. Figure 6 and Figure 7 ,in Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rectangular array of acquisition points, with feature points distributed in a grid pattern with equal spacing. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a ring array of data acquisition points, suitable for curved features such as cylindrical surfaces and circular holes. Both acquisition methods require at least 20 feature points per feature surface to ensure data representativeness. The spacing between acquisition points is set according to the size of the feature surface, typically 5cm x 5cm, but can be adjusted based on workpiece precision requirements.

[0033] S102-2: Reference and actual value collection.

[0034] Reference value acquisition: Using the virtual intermediate model as the object, coordinate values ​​are collected on each key feature surface as reference values. During acquisition, the location and number of feature points corresponding to the reference values ​​are completely consistent with the feature points collected for the subsequent actual values. For example, if the actual value collects 25 points on a certain feature surface, the reference value also collects 25 points at the same location. However, the total number of points collected for the reference values ​​can be less than the total number of points for the actual values, only needing to cover the core comparison points, thus reducing the amount of computation.

[0035] Actual value acquisition: The workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding is scanned using a 3D laser scanning device to obtain point cloud data. Feature points are extracted from the corresponding key feature surfaces of this point cloud data. During the extraction process, abrupt changes in point values ​​must first be removed (using the 3σ principle, points exceeding the mean ± 3 times the standard deviation are identified as abrupt changes and removed). Then, the average coordinates of the remaining valid feature points are taken as the actual value of the feature point. The coverage area of ​​the actual value acquisition points is not less than 80% of the area of ​​the corresponding key feature surface (other values ​​greater than 80% can also be selected), and the number of individual points acquired and the coverage area are at least 1 / 2 of the reference value acquisition points to ensure that the data density meets the comparison requirements.

[0036] S102-3: Deviation Calculation.

[0037] Grouping by key feature surfaces, the reference value and actual value of each feature point are compared one by one, and the size deviation of each feature point is calculated. The deviation results are used for subsequent line yielding logic judgment.

[0038] S103: Setting the line weighting mechanism.

[0039] The line weighting mechanism is used to clarify the priority of different critical dimensions, ensuring that line adjustments prioritize meeting core production requirements, such as... Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic of the bogie side beam reference plane. The plane marked in the diagram is the core reference plane of the side beam (upper cover plate plane), which serves as the basis for subsequent critical dimension measurements and weight allocation. The critical dimensions of the bogie workpiece include the positioning arm height, machining allowance, symmetry, overall length, and overall width. The corresponding dimensional diagrams are shown below. Figures 9-13 As shown: Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning arm height dimensions (points 2-9 in the diagram are feature points in the positioning arm height direction). Figures 10-13 The diagrams show the machining quantity, symmetry, and other auxiliary key dimensions, clearly indicating the measurement area and judgment criteria for each key dimension.

[0040] The weight priority is set according to the degree of impact of the key dimensions on production: the height of the positioning arm has the highest weight (directly related to whether the processing volume is sufficient), followed by the processing volume reserve size and the symmetry of the parts, while the overall length and overall width have relatively low weights. The weight parameters of each key dimension are bound to the virtual intermediate model to form a reusable weight configuration mechanism.

[0041] S104: Execute the line logic.

[0042] S104-1: Datum plane and deviation marking.

[0043] like Figure 14 The diagram shows the logical alignment of the side beam positioning arm in the height direction. In the diagram, "1" represents the plane of the reference side beam cover plate in the virtual intermediate model, and its height from the positioning arm is a known reference value; "1'" represents the actual cover surface obtained by fitting actual scan data. 1~ 4 represents the dimensional deviation (i.e. the difference between the actual value and the reference value) of the four core points (selected from feature points 2-9 in the height direction of the positioning arm). The direction of the deviation is indicated by arrows, which intuitively reflects the dimensional difference between the actual workpiece and the virtual model.

[0044] S104-2: Allow line adjustment rules to be executed.

[0045] Single Deviation Adjustment: If the actual value at a certain core point is less than the reference value (i.e., If x≤0), it means that the processing volume at this point is insufficient. The baseline of the positioning arm height direction needs to be adjusted in the direction that meets the processing volume requirements (upper part of the figure). The adjustment amount should be equal to the absolute value of the deviation to ensure that the processing volume at this point meets the standard after adjustment.

[0046] Multiple deviation adjustments: If 1~ In four cases, multiple points showed deviations where the actual values ​​were less than the reference values. The maximum absolute value among these deviations, Max, was taken. x| serves as the movement amount of the baseline, ensuring that the processing amount of all core points meets the requirements, and avoiding subsequent adjustments due to incomplete local adjustments.

[0047] Multi-factor coordination and adjustment: For line allowance requirements involving multiple dimensions such as positioning arm height, symmetry, and overall length, the baselines in each direction are adjusted sequentially from highest to lowest weight priority. After adjustment, the deviations of each critical dimension are recalculated to verify whether there are any cross-effects (such as the symmetry deviation exceeding the allowable range due to height adjustment). If so, a second fine-tuning is performed to ensure that all critical dimensions meet production requirements.

[0048] S104-3: Model reuse adaptation.

[0049] When adapting to bogie workpieces of different specifications, there is no need to redesign the overall line-setting scheme. Only the key dimensional parameters of the virtual intermediate model (such as the reference values ​​of the positioning arm height and overall length) and the weight distribution ratio in the line-setting weight mechanism need to be adjusted to achieve rapid adaptation of the line-setting function and greatly improve production efficiency.

[0050] Through the above steps, intelligent alignment of workpieces in the intermediate stage of bogie welding was completed, providing a precise benchmark for subsequent automated marking, effectively reducing manual adjustments and meeting the needs of bogie production; it can realize usable marking functions, save more than half of the working area, and improve the efficiency of personnel.

[0051] Figure 15 A bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece retraction system is shown, comprising: The virtual intermediate model construction unit 1501 is configured to: select key dimensions and adjust them to construct a virtual intermediate model based on the design 3D model and process scale-up requirements of the bogie workpiece. The feature point deviation calculation unit 1502 is configured to: collect feature points on the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; perform three-dimensional scanning on the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding to obtain point cloud data; collect and process feature points on the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain actual values ​​for each feature point; and obtain the deviation of each feature point by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. The weight priority setting unit 1503 is configured to: introduce a scribing weight mechanism for the key dimensions of the bogie workpiece, and assign the weight priority corresponding to each key dimension. The baseline position adjustment unit 1504 is configured to adjust the position of the baseline of the key feature surface according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0052] It is understood that the aforementioned units can be individually or entirely merged into one or more other units, or some of the units can be further divided into multiple functionally smaller units. This achieves the same operation without affecting the technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned units are based on logical functional division. In practical applications, the function of one unit can be implemented by multiple units, or the function of multiple units can be implemented by one unit. In other embodiments of the present invention, the system may also include other units. In practical applications, these functions can also be implemented with the assistance of other units, and can be implemented collaboratively by multiple units.

[0053] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the system of this embodiment can be constructed by running a computer program (including program code) capable of performing the steps involved in the corresponding method of the present invention on a general-purpose computing device, such as a computer, which includes processing elements and storage elements such as a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM). The computer program can be recorded on, for example, a computer-readable recording medium, loaded into the aforementioned computing device through the computer-readable recording medium, and run therein.

[0054] Figure 16 A computer device is shown, which includes a processor 1601, a communication interface 1602, and a computer-readable storage medium 1603. The processor 1601, communication interface 1602, and computer-readable storage medium 1603 can be connected via a bus or other means.

[0055] The communication interface 1602 is used to receive and send data. The computer-readable storage medium 1603 can be stored in the memory of the electronic device. The computer-readable storage medium 1603 is used to store computer programs, which include program instructions. The processor 1601 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium 1603.

[0056] The processor 1601 is the computing and control core of an electronic device. It is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve corresponding method flows or corresponding functions.

[0057] Processor 1601 is configured to perform the following procedure: Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scale-up requirements, key dimensions were selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model; Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding is 3D scanned to obtain point cloud data, and feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point; the deviation of each feature point is obtained by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. For the critical dimensions of bogie workpieces, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priority to each critical dimension. The position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0058] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is a memory device in an electronic device for storing programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here may include both built-in storage media in the electronic device and extended storage media supported by the electronic device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space for storing the processing system of the electronic device.

[0059] Furthermore, this storage space also contains one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by the processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory; alternatively, it can also be at least one computer-readable storage medium located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0060] In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium stores one or more instructions; the processor loads and executes the one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to perform the following process: Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scale-up requirements, key dimensions were selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model; Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding is 3D scanned to obtain point cloud data, and feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point; the deviation of each feature point is obtained by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. For the critical dimensions of bogie workpieces, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priority to each critical dimension. The position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0061] The present invention also provides a computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the following process: Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scale-up requirements, key dimensions were selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model; Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding is 3D scanned to obtain point cloud data, and feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point; the deviation of each feature point is obtained by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. For the critical dimensions of bogie workpieces, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priority to each critical dimension. The position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted according to the deviation and weight priority of each feature point.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functions using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0063] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of the present invention is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital cable) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data processing device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive), etc.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding, characterized in that, The process includes the following: Based on the design 3D model of the bogie workpiece and the process scale-up requirements, key dimensions were selected and adjusted to construct a virtual intermediate model; Feature points are collected from the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; a three-dimensional scan is performed on the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding to obtain point cloud data; feature points are collected and processed from the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain the actual values ​​of each feature point; the deviation of each feature point is obtained by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. For the critical dimensions of bogie workpieces, a scribing weight mechanism is introduced to assign weight priority to each critical dimension. The position of the baseline of the key feature surface is adjusted according to the deviation of each feature point and the weight priority.

2. The method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When constructing a virtual intermediate model, only the core dimensions in the design 3D model that affect subsequent processing or assembly are directly scaled and adjusted without changing the overall structure and geometric relationship of the design 3D model, and the virtual intermediate model only retains the geometric features corresponding to the key dimensions; The key dimensions include the positioning arm height, machining allowance, component symmetry, overall length, and overall width of the bogie workpiece. The key feature surface is a flat, abrupt local surface on the bogie workpiece that reflects the key dimensions. Feature points are evenly distributed on the key feature surface in an array.

3. The method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When collecting reference values, the location and number of feature points corresponding to the reference values ​​are completely consistent with the feature points corresponding to the actual values, and the total number of feature points of the reference values ​​does not exceed the total number of feature points of the actual values. When processing point cloud data to obtain actual values, first remove the point abrupt change values ​​in the point cloud data, and then take the average of the remaining valid feature points as the actual value of the corresponding feature point. The actual value collection point coverage area is greater than or equal to N% of the area of ​​the corresponding key feature surface, where N is greater than or equal to 80.

4. The method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the line marking weighting mechanism, the weight priority is set in the order of ensuring the machining amount of bogie workpieces for critical dimensions, assembly symmetry requirements, and overall dimensional deviation tolerance. When adjusting the baseline position, the baseline is adjusted sequentially based on the feature point deviations corresponding to each key dimension, in descending order of weight priority. After adjustment, the deviations of each key dimension are verified to meet the requirements. If there are cross-effects that exceed the allowable range, a second fine-tuning is performed.

5. The method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When adjusting the baseline position, if the actual value of any feature point corresponding to a certain critical dimension is less than the reference value, the baseline in the corresponding direction is adjusted to meet the processing requirements of the critical dimension, and the amount of movement is equal to the absolute value of the deviation. If multiple feature points corresponding to the same critical dimension show deviations where the actual value is less than the reference value, the maximum value among the absolute values ​​of the multiple deviations is used as the amount of movement of the baseline.

6. The method for repositioning workpieces during the intermediate stage of bogie welding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The virtual intermediate model and the corresponding scribing weight mechanism form a reusable combination. When adapting to bogie workpieces of different specifications, only the key dimension parameters of the virtual intermediate model and the weight distribution ratio in the scribing weight mechanism need to be adjusted.

7. A bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece yielding system, characterized in that, include: The virtual intermediate model building unit is configured to: select key dimensions and adjust them to build a virtual intermediate model based on the design 3D model and process scale-up requirements of the bogie workpiece. The feature point deviation calculation unit is configured to: collect feature points on the key feature surfaces of the virtual intermediate model to obtain reference values ​​for each feature point; perform three-dimensional scanning on the workpiece in the intermediate stage of actual bogie welding to obtain point cloud data; collect and process feature points on the corresponding key feature surfaces of the point cloud data to obtain actual values ​​for each feature point; and obtain the deviation of each feature point by comparing the reference values ​​and actual values ​​of each feature point. The weight priority setting unit is configured to: introduce a scribing weight mechanism for the key dimensions of the bogie workpiece, and assign the weight priority corresponding to each key dimension; The baseline position adjustment unit is configured to adjust the position of the baseline of the key feature surface according to the deviation of each feature point and the weight priority.

8. A computer device, characterized in that, include: Processor and computer-readable storage media; A processor, adapted to execute computer programs; A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece relocation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program adapted to be loaded by a processor and executed as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 for the bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece line-setting method.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the bogie welding intermediate stage workpiece relocation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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