Ultra-high temperature insulation devices and long-life operation methods for solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage systems

Abstract

This invention provides an ultra-high temperature insulation device and a long-life operation method for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system. The device comprises, from the inside out: a core rod, a thermal storage insulation layer, a gradient insulation layer, a solid isolation layer, and a shell. The core rod has a vacuum suction port inside and spiral fins on its outside. The gradient insulation layer has gradient-distributed insulation properties, and the thermal storage insulation layer comprises a high thermal conductivity ceramic fiber reinforced composite material. Through the solid waste-based gradient insulation layer design and a thermal-electric synergistic management mechanism, the insulation performance and thermal breakdown problems of the high-temperature thermal storage device under extreme operating conditions are solved, achieving long-life operation of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention belong to the field of high-temperature thermal storage technology, specifically relating to an ultra-high temperature insulation device and a long-life operation method for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In the design of ultra-high temperature insulation systems for solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage devices, existing technologies such as reference patents CN119890053A and CN119795678A have shown some innovation in chip packaging and the preparation of explosion-proof, thickened, wear-resistant rubber and plastic pipes, but they still have shortcomings in the design and operation of insulation systems for high-temperature thermal storage devices.

[0003] Reference patent CN119890053A focuses on thermal management of chip packaging, while CN119795678A focuses on the explosion-proof and wear-resistant properties of rubber and plastic tubes. Neither of them fully considers the insulation performance and self-healing ability of solid waste-based composite materials under extreme high temperature and high pressure.

[0004] Especially under extreme operating conditions of 900°C / 1000V, the insulation degradation caused by defects in solid waste-based materials, as well as the vicious cycle of thermal breakdown of the insulation layer at high temperatures, are technical problems that existing technologies have failed to effectively solve.

[0005] Furthermore, existing technologies lack effective design ideas for the thermal-electric synergistic management mechanism of high-temperature thermal storage devices, making it impossible to optimize the thermal path and homogenize the electric field, which limits the thermal efficiency and electrical performance of the thermal storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention aim to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide an ultra-high temperature insulation device and a long-life operation method for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system.

[0007] One embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-high temperature insulation device for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, characterized in that it comprises, from the inside out: a core rod, a thermal storage insulation layer, a gradient insulation layer, a solid isolation layer, and a shell, wherein the core rod has a vacuum suction port inside and a spiral fin outside the core rod; the gradient insulation layer has gradient-distributed insulation properties; and the thermal storage insulation layer comprises a high thermal conductivity ceramic fiber reinforced composite material.

[0008] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the solid isolation layer includes: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder were crushed separately to a particle size of ≤200μm, and then mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10 to form a mixed powder. Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry undergoes multiple spraying-sintering cycles to form a dense solid isolation layer.

[0009] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Boron nitride composite powder and yttrium oxide composite powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1 to form a mixed powder. Add 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed in a gradient from top to bottom and then sintered multiple times to form a multi-layered gradient insulation layer.

[0010] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the thermal storage and insulation layer includes: High thermal conductivity ceramic fibers and curing agents are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 to form a mixed raw material; Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed raw materials to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed and sintered multiple times to form a dense heat storage and insulation layer.

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the sintering parameters include: sintering time greater than 1 hour and sintering temperature of 1100℃-1400℃.

[0012] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the gradient insulation layer comprises, from the inside out: an inner insulation layer, a middle insulation layer, and an outer insulation layer. The inner insulation layer contains silicon carbide fibers and microcapsule polyborosiloxane, the middle insulation layer contains boron nitride nanosheets and geopolymers, and the outer insulation layer contains waste ceramic fibers and refractory brick powder.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Preparation of outer insulation layer: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder are mixed and ground to a particle size of ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and then cooled and solidified to form an outer insulation layer; Preparation of intermediate insulating layer: Boron nitride nanosheets are mixed and ground with geopolymer to a particle size ≤200 nm, and a mixed solution of ethanol and epoxy resin is added and kept at a constant temperature for 21-23 min; the outer insulating layer is immersed in the mixed solution, tilted and left to stand for 5-7 s, and the operation is repeated until a continuous coating layer is formed; microcapsule polyborosiloxane is added dropwise and cured to form intermediate insulating layer; Preparation of inner insulation layer: Silicon carbide fiber and microcapsule polyborosiloxane are mixed and ground to a particle size ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and cooled to solidify to form inner insulation layer; Vacuum thermo-press encapsulation: The inner insulating layer, middle insulating layer, and outer insulating layer are vacuum thermo-pressed to form a gradient insulating layer.

[0014] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the hot pressing parameters for vacuum hot pressing encapsulation are: pressure 20-30 MPa, temperature 150-180°C, and time 30-60 min.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the intermediate insulating layer is dispersed with microcapsule polyborosiloxane, the content of which is 3-5% of the mass of the intermediate insulating layer.

[0016] The second aspect of this disclosure proposes a long-life operation method for the ultra-high temperature insulation device of a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: S10: Evacuate to ≤10 through the vacuum suction port. - ² Pa; S20: Apply a 1-10 kV voltage to the casing to form an external electric field; S30: The gradient insulating layer regulates the electric field distribution and suppresses tip discharge; S40: Self-repair is triggered when the temperature of the gradient insulation layer exceeds the threshold and breaks.

[0017] The ultra-high temperature insulation device and its long-life operation method for the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system of the present invention solve the insulation performance and thermal breakdown problems of the high-temperature thermal storage device under extreme operating conditions through solid waste-based gradient insulation layer design and thermal-electric synergistic management mechanism, thereby achieving long-life operation of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a logic flowchart of the long-life operation method of the ultra-high temperature insulation device of the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit disclosure. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] One embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-high temperature insulation device for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, characterized in that it comprises, from the inside out: a core rod, a thermal storage insulation layer, a gradient insulation layer, a solid isolation layer, and a shell, wherein the core rod has a vacuum suction port inside and a spiral fin outside the core rod; the gradient insulation layer has gradient-distributed insulation properties; and the thermal storage insulation layer comprises a high thermal conductivity ceramic fiber reinforced composite material.

[0021] The ultra-high temperature insulation device of the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system of the present invention solves the insulation performance and thermal breakdown problems of the high-temperature thermal storage device under extreme operating conditions through solid waste-based gradient insulation layer design and thermal-electric synergistic management mechanism, thereby achieving long-life operation of the device.

[0022] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the solid isolation layer includes: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder were crushed separately to a particle size of ≤200μm, and then mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10 to form a mixed powder. Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry undergoes multiple spraying-sintering cycles to form a dense solid isolation layer.

[0023] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Boron nitride composite powder and yttrium oxide composite powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1 to form a mixed powder. Add 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed in a gradient from top to bottom and then sintered multiple times to form a multi-layered gradient insulation layer.

[0024] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the thermal storage and insulation layer includes: High thermal conductivity ceramic fibers and curing agents are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 to form a mixed raw material; Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed raw materials to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed and sintered multiple times to form a dense heat storage and insulation layer.

[0025] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the sintering parameters include: sintering time greater than 1 hour and sintering temperature of 1100℃-1400℃.

[0026] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the gradient insulation layer comprises, from the inside out: an inner insulation layer, a middle insulation layer, and an outer insulation layer. The inner insulation layer contains silicon carbide fibers and microcapsule polyborosiloxane, the middle insulation layer contains boron nitride nanosheets and geopolymers, and the outer insulation layer contains waste ceramic fibers and refractory brick powder.

[0027] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Preparation of outer insulation layer: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder are mixed and ground to a particle size of ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and then cooled and solidified to form an outer insulation layer; Preparation of intermediate insulating layer: Boron nitride nanosheets are mixed and ground with geopolymer to a particle size ≤200 nm, and a mixed solution of ethanol and epoxy resin is added and kept at a constant temperature for 21-23 min; the outer insulating layer is immersed in the mixed solution, tilted and left to stand for 5-7 s, and the operation is repeated until a continuous coating layer is formed; microcapsule polyborosiloxane is added dropwise and cured to form intermediate insulating layer; Preparation of inner insulation layer: Silicon carbide fiber and microcapsule polyborosiloxane are mixed and ground to a particle size ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and cooled to solidify to form inner insulation layer; Vacuum thermo-press encapsulation: The inner insulating layer, middle insulating layer, and outer insulating layer are vacuum thermo-pressed to form a gradient insulating layer.

[0028] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the hot pressing parameters for vacuum hot pressing encapsulation are: pressure 20-30 MPa, temperature 150-180°C, and time 30-60 min.

[0029] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the intermediate insulating layer is dispersed with microcapsule polyborosiloxane, the content of which is 3-5% of the mass of the intermediate insulating layer.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the second aspect of this disclosure proposes a long-life operation method for the ultra-high temperature insulation device of a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: S10: Evacuate to ≤10 through the vacuum suction port. - ² Pa; S20: Apply a 1-10 kV voltage to the casing to form an external electric field; S30: The gradient insulating layer regulates the electric field distribution and suppresses tip discharge; S40: Self-repair is triggered when the temperature of the gradient insulation layer exceeds the threshold and breaks.

[0031] The present invention provides a long-life operation method for the ultra-high temperature insulation device of the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system. Through solid waste-based gradient insulation layer design and thermal-electric synergistic management mechanism, it solves the insulation performance and thermal breakdown problems of the high-temperature thermal storage device under extreme operating conditions, thereby achieving long-life operation of the device.

[0032] Example 1: The method for preparing a gradient insulating layer includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of outer insulating layer: Take equal parts by mass of waste ceramic fiber and firebrick powder, mix and grind into submicron powder; add equal parts by mass of carpet polymer, stir and heat to molten state, pour the mixture into mold, spread and compact, take it out of mold and shape and cool; obtain outer high temperature high strength toughness solid insulating layer; (2) Preparation of the middle insulating layer: Take equal parts by mass of BNNS and geopolymer, mix and grind into submicron powder; stir evenly and add to equal parts by mass of ethanol and epoxy resin solution, stir evenly and keep at constant temperature for 20 min; insert the outer solid insulating sheet obtained in the previous step into the above mixed solution, slowly tilt it so that it adheres to the lower surface of the outer insulating sheet, and let it stand for 5 s; repeat the steps multiple times until the middle BNNS / geopolymer composite powder is completely wrapped around the outer solid insulating sheet; add microcapsule polyborosiloxane, continue to warm and cure to obtain the middle layer; (3) Preparation of inner insulating layer: Take equal parts by mass of silicon carbide fiber and microcapsule polyborosiloxane, mix and grind into submicron powder; add equal parts by mass of carpet polymer, stir and heat to molten state, pour the mixture into mold, spread and compact, take it out of the mold and shape and cool; to obtain inner high temperature high strength toughness solid insulating layer; (4) Vacuum hot pressing encapsulation: After the above three layers are prepared, vacuum hot pressing is used for encapsulation.

[0033] The self-healing principle: When solid waste-based high-temperature insulation materials are used as thermal storage products, they are subjected to large external forces and are prone to cracking.

[0034] When the temperature rises, the microcapsule polyborosiloxane breaks down, softens, and vaporizes, acting as a gas barrier to slow down the entry of oxygen into the interior. At the same time, the microcapsule polyborosiloxane vaporizes and expands, rapidly increasing in volume, and then compresses and seals the cracks, achieving self-repair of the surface cracks.

[0035] Since the self-healing operation requires a certain amount of time, the temperature inside the BNNS / geopolymer composite absorption cavity rises rapidly during this time. After reaching the threshold, the phase change material is activated to undergo a phase change, releasing a large amount of latent heat. The internal heat is then dissipated and diffused through a tree-like microchannel design.

[0036] Example 2: The method for preparing a gradient insulating layer includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of outer insulating layer: Take 90 parts by weight of waste ceramic fiber and 10 parts by weight of firebrick powder, mix them and grind them into 200nm-level powder; add 100 parts by weight of carpet polymer, stir and heat to the molten state, pour the mixture into a mold, spread it out and compact it, take it out of the mold and shape it and cool it; obtain a solid insulating layer with high temperature and high strength and toughness. (2) Preparation of the middle insulating layer: Take 85 parts by weight of BNNS and 15 parts by weight of geopolymer, mix them and grind them into 200nm powder; stir evenly and add them to 75 parts by weight of ethanol and 25 parts by weight of epoxy resin solution, stir evenly and keep at a constant temperature for 22min; insert the outer solid insulating sheet obtained in the previous step into the above mixed solution, slowly tilt it so that it adheres to the lower surface of the outer insulating sheet, and let it stand for 6s; repeat the steps several times until the middle BNNS / geopolymer composite powder completely wraps around the outer solid insulating sheet; add microcapsule polyborosiloxane, continue to warm and cure to obtain the middle layer; (3) Preparation of the inner insulating layer: Take 90 parts by weight of silicon carbide fiber and 10 parts by weight of microcapsule polyborosiloxane, mix them and grind them into 200nm powder; add 100 parts by weight of carpet polymer, stir and heat to the molten state, pour the mixture into a mold, spread it out and compact it, take it out of the mold and shape it and cool it; obtain the inner high temperature and high strength toughness solid insulating layer; after the above three layers are prepared, they are encapsulated by vacuum hot pressing. (4) Vacuum hot pressing encapsulation: After the above three layers are prepared, vacuum hot pressing is used for encapsulation.

[0037] The principle behind self-healing: When solid waste-based high-temperature insulation materials are used as thermal storage products, they are prone to cracking when subjected to large external forces.

[0038] When the temperature rises, the microcapsule polyborosiloxane breaks down, softens, and vaporizes, acting as a gas barrier to slow down the entry of oxygen into the interior. At the same time, the microcapsule polyborosiloxane vaporizes and expands, rapidly increasing in volume, and then compresses and seals the cracks, achieving self-repair of the surface cracks.

[0039] Since the self-healing operation requires a certain amount of time, the temperature inside the BNNS / geopolymer composite absorption cavity rises rapidly during this time, and after reaching the threshold, it triggers the phase change material to undergo a phase change, releasing a large amount of latent heat.

[0040] Ultimately, this achieves the coupling of self-healing and "low-current" electrodynamics.

[0041] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-high temperature insulation device for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, characterized in that, The device comprises, from the inside out, a core rod, a heat storage and insulation layer, a gradient insulation layer, a solid isolation layer, and a shell. The core rod has a vacuum suction port inside and spiral fins on the outside. The gradient insulation layer has gradient-distributed insulation properties. The heat storage and insulation layer contains a high thermal conductivity ceramic fiber reinforced composite material.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the solid isolation layer includes: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder were crushed separately to a particle size ≤200μm, and then mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10 to form a mixed powder. Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry undergoes multiple spraying-sintering cycles to form a dense solid isolation layer.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Boron nitride composite powder and yttrium oxide composite powder were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1 to form a mixed powder. Add 10wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed powder to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed in a gradient from top to bottom and then sintered multiple times to form a multi-layered gradient insulation layer.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the thermal storage and insulation layer includes: High thermal conductivity ceramic fibers and curing agents are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 to form a mixed raw material; Add 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution to the mixed raw materials to form a slurry; The slurry is sprayed and sintered multiple times to form a dense heat storage and insulation layer.

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The sintering parameters include: sintering time greater than 1 hour, and sintering temperature of 1100℃-1400℃.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient insulation layer comprises, from the inside out: an inner insulation layer, a middle insulation layer, and an outer insulation layer. The inner insulation layer contains silicon carbide fibers and microcapsule polyborosiloxane. The middle insulation layer contains boron nitride nanosheets and geopolymers. The outer insulation layer contains waste ceramic fibers and refractory brick powder.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for preparing the gradient insulating layer includes: Preparation of outer insulation layer: Waste ceramic fiber and refractory brick powder are mixed and ground to a particle size of ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and then cooled and solidified to form an outer insulation layer; Preparation of the intermediate insulating layer: Boron nitride nanosheets were mixed and ground with geopolymer to a particle size ≤200 nm, and a mixed solution of ethanol and epoxy resin was added. The mixture was kept at a constant temperature for 21-23 min. The outer insulating layer was immersed in the mixed solution and tilted and allowed to stand for 5-7 s. The operation was repeated until a continuous coating layer was formed. Microcapsule polyborosiloxane was added and cured to form the intermediate insulating layer. Preparation of inner insulation layer: Silicon carbide fiber and microcapsule polyborosiloxane are mixed and ground to a particle size ≤200 nm, carpet polymer is added, stirred and heated to a molten state, molded and cooled to solidify to form inner insulation layer; Vacuum thermo-press encapsulation: The inner insulating layer, middle insulating layer, and outer insulating layer are vacuum thermo-pressed to form a gradient insulating layer.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hot pressing parameters for vacuum hot pressing encapsulation are: pressure 20-30MPa, temperature 150-180℃, and time 30-60min.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intermediate insulating layer is dispersed with microcapsule polyborosiloxane, the content of which is 3-5% of the mass of the intermediate insulating layer.

10. A method for long-life operation of an ultra-high temperature insulation device in a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: S10: Evacuate to ≤10 through the vacuum suction port. - ² Pa; S20: Apply a 1-10 kV voltage to the casing to form an external electric field; S30: The gradient insulating layer regulates the electric field distribution and suppresses tip discharge; S40: Self-repair is triggered when the temperature of the gradient insulation layer exceeds the threshold and breaks.

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