Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and mainly provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises, in sequence, a front plate glass, a first polyurethane adhesive film, a solar cell, a second polyurethane adhesive film and a back plate glass; wherein the polyurethane of the first polyurethane adhesive film and the second polyurethane adhesive film respectively and independently comprises one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane. The photovoltaic module in the technical scheme has good chemical resistance, cold resistance, low-temperature resistance and impact resistance, and can ensure that the photovoltaic module has long-term stability and good impact resistance in cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] The polar regions, such as Antarctica and the Arctic, are rich in resources, but their extreme climate, characterized by frigid temperatures (below -55°C), snow cover, and hurricanes, poses significant challenges to the application of renewable energy sources like photovoltaics. Scientific exploration and research in polar regions are of profound strategic importance, relating to global climate change and the future of humanity. Currently, Antarctic research stations still rely on diesel generators for power and heating, a method that impacts the Antarctic ecosystem. Therefore, developing clean energy sources like photovoltaics in polar regions is of great significance.

[0003] Currently, conventional photovoltaic (PV) module encapsulation films typically use hot-melt adhesive films such as EVA and POE, which are melted and bonded to the glass and solar cells during lamination. However, EVA and POE have a Tg temperature above -25℃ and relatively low tensile strength and elastic modulus, causing the encapsulation film to become brittle in extremely cold environments. In hurricanes and environments with extremely thick snow accumulation, the modules' resistance to wind and snow pressure is insufficient, leading to tempered glass cracking and subsequent microcracks in the solar cells. Water vapor and oxygen from the air can also penetrate into the PV module along the cracks in the tempered glass, causing subsequent power degradation or even failure of the PV module. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic module to solve or alleviate the technical problems mentioned above. The photovoltaic module in this application has good cold and low-temperature resistance, which can ensure the long-term stability of the photovoltaic module in cold regions.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: a front panel glass, a first polyurethane film, a solar cell, a second polyurethane film, and a rear panel glass stacked sequentially; The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently includes one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane.

[0006] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes: A third polyurethane film and a first polymer plate are sequentially stacked between the first polyurethane film and the solar cell, and in a direction away from the solar cell; and / or A fourth polyurethane film and a second polymer plate are stacked sequentially between the second polyurethane film and the solar cell, and in a direction away from the solar cell.

[0007] Optionally, when the photovoltaic module includes the first polymer plate, the polymer of the first polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0008] Optionally, when the photovoltaic module includes the second polymer plate, the polymer of the second polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0009] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes: a first ETFE film and a fifth polyurethane film located on the side of the front glass away from the first polyurethane film; The fifth polyurethane film is located between the first ETFE film and the front glass.

[0010] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes: A first ETFE film and a fifth polyurethane film are located on the side of the front glass away from the first polyurethane film, wherein the fifth polyurethane film is located between the first ETFE film and the front glass; and A second ETFE film and a sixth polyurethane film are located on the side of the back glass away from the second polyurethane film, wherein the sixth polyurethane film is located between the second ETFE film and the back glass.

[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the front glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm; the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm; the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm; and the thickness of the rear glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm.

[0012] Optionally, when the photovoltaic module includes the third polyurethane film and the first polymer plate, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50-6 mm, and the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38-1 mm.

[0013] Optionally, when the photovoltaic module includes the fourth polyurethane film and the second polymer plate, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38 to 1 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the first ETFE film is 40~60μm; the thickness of the fifth polyurethane film is 0.38~1mm; the thickness of the second ETFE film is 40~60μm; and the thickness of the sixth polyurethane film is 0.38~1mm.

[0015] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes: the front glass, the first polyurethane film, the first polymer plate, the third polyurethane film, the solar cell, the fourth polyurethane film, the second polymer plate, the second polyurethane film, and the rear glass, which are stacked sequentially.

[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the front glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm, the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, and the thickness of the rear glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm.

[0017] The embodiments of this application employing the above-described technical solution may have the following advantages: Using polyurethane (TPU) film as an encapsulating film can not only protect the solar cells in photovoltaic modules from external environmental corrosion (such as temperature and humidity), but also resist ultraviolet rays and extend the service life of photovoltaic modules. In addition, the TPU film in the embodiments of this application includes aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane. Due to the presence of aliphatic groups, aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane have high toughness, high strength, and low Tg temperature, thus giving the TPU film of the embodiments of this application good strength (its strength is 10 to 20 times that of EVA film), excellent impact resistance, and good weather resistance, cold resistance, and aging resistance. It can be used in environments from -60°C to 120°C and can be applied in cold environments. When both the upper and lower surfaces of a solar cell are protected by a polyurethane film (i.e., a first polyurethane film and a second polyurethane film), and the polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently include one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane, the photovoltaic module can have good chemical resistance, cold and low temperature resistance and impact resistance, ensuring that the photovoltaic module has long-term stability and good impact resistance in cold regions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the various drawings denote the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 4 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 5 of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 6 of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Solar cells; 21. Front panel glass; 22. Rear panel glass; 31. First polymer plate; 32. Second polymer plate; 41. First ETFE membrane; 42. Second ETFE membrane; 51. First polyurethane film; 52. Second polyurethane film; 53. Third polyurethane film; 54. Fourth polyurethane film; 55. Fifth polyurethane film; 56. Sixth polyurethane film. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, regions, and elements, as well as their relative dimensions, may be exaggerated. Throughout, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this application embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, including: a front panel glass 21, a first polyurethane film 51, a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear panel glass 22 stacked sequentially. The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently includes one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane.

[0023] Using polyurethane (TPU) film as an encapsulating film can not only protect the solar cells in photovoltaic modules from external environmental corrosion (such as temperature and humidity), but also resist ultraviolet rays and extend the service life of photovoltaic modules. In addition, the TPU film in the embodiments of this application includes aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane. Due to the presence of aliphatic groups, aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane have high toughness, high strength, and low Tg temperature, thus giving the TPU film of the embodiments of this application good strength (its strength is 10 to 20 times that of EVA film), excellent impact resistance, and good weather resistance, cold resistance, and aging resistance. It can be used in environments from -60°C to 120°C and can be applied in cold environments. When both the upper and lower surfaces of a solar cell are protected by a polyurethane film (i.e., a first polyurethane film and a second polyurethane film), and the polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently include one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane, the photovoltaic module can have good chemical resistance, cold and low temperature resistance and impact resistance, ensuring that the photovoltaic module has long-term stability and good impact resistance in cold regions.

[0024] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes: A third polyurethane film 53 and a first polymer plate 31 are sequentially stacked between the first polyurethane film 51 and the solar cell 10, and in a direction away from the solar cell 10; and / or A fourth polyurethane film 54 and a second polymer plate 32 are stacked sequentially between the second polyurethane film 52 and the solar cell 10, and in a direction away from the solar cell 10.

[0025] Adding a first polymer plate and / or a second polymer plate to a photovoltaic module can improve its stability and load-bearing capacity, thereby enhancing its mechanical strength. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the first polymer plate (or second polymer plate) are coated with a polyurethane film, which firmly secures the first polymer plate (or second polymer plate) between the solar cell and the front (or rear) glass, improving not only the photovoltaic module's cold and low-temperature resistance but also its impact resistance.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the photovoltaic module includes a first polymer plate, the polymer of the first polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0027] In some embodiments, when the photovoltaic module includes a second polymer plate, the polymer of the second polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0028] Polymers such as polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate have excellent impact resistance. The first polymer plate and / or second polymer plate formed can greatly improve the impact resistance and load strength of photovoltaic modules, thereby effectively resisting the impact of extremely strong winds, snow pressure, and flying rocks on photovoltaic modules in polar regions (e.g., regions with temperatures of -60°C).

[0029] In some embodiments, the polyurethane in the third and / or fourth polyurethane films may also include one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane, further providing long-term protection for the solar cells.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first ETFE film 41 and a fifth polyurethane film 55 located on the side of the front glass 21 away from the first polyurethane film. The fifth polyurethane film 55 is located between the first ETFE film 41 and the front glass 21.

[0031] ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) film possesses excellent light transmittance, cold resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance. The first ETFE film, the fifth polyurethane encapsulant film, and the front glass, layered sequentially, together constitute the composite front glass, which can further improve the stability and impact resistance of photovoltaic modules in cold regions.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes: A first ETFE film 41 and a fifth polyurethane film 55 are located on the side of the front glass 21 away from the first polyurethane film, wherein the fifth polyurethane film 55 is located between the first ETFE film 41 and the front glass 21; and The second ETFE film 42 and the sixth polyurethane film 56 are located on the side of the back glass 22 away from the second polyurethane film, wherein the sixth polyurethane film 56 is located between the second ETFE film 42 and the back glass 22.

[0033] The first ETFE, the fifth polyurethane film, and the front glass are stacked in sequence to form the composite front glass, and the second ETFE, the sixth polyurethane film, and the rear glass are stacked in sequence to form the composite rear glass. The simultaneous presence of the composite front glass and the composite rear glass can further improve the stability and impact resistance of photovoltaic modules in cold regions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the polyurethane in the fifth and / or sixth polyurethane films may also include one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane, further providing long-term protection for the solar cells.

[0035] In some embodiments, the thickness of the front glass panel is 1.6 to 6.0 mm; the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38 to 1 mm; the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38 to 1 mm; and the thickness of the rear glass panel is 1.6 to 6.0 mm.

[0036] When the thickness of the back glass is 1.6–6.0 mm, it can provide sufficient mechanical strength and impact resistance for the photovoltaic module while maintaining appropriate light transmittance. When the thickness of the first and second polyurethane films is 0.38–1 mm, it can give the photovoltaic module good flexibility and adhesion, as well as good impact resistance, weather resistance, cold resistance, and aging resistance. Thinner back glass makes it difficult to provide high mechanical strength for the photovoltaic module, while thicker back glass increases the weight and cost of the photovoltaic module; when the thickness of the back glass is 1.6–6.0 mm, it not only provides sufficient mechanical strength for the photovoltaic module but also reduces its weight and lowers costs.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the photovoltaic module includes a third polyurethane film and a first polymer plate, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38 to 1 mm.

[0038] In some embodiments, when the photovoltaic module includes a fourth polyurethane film and a second polymer plate, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50 to 6 mm, and the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38 to 1 mm.

[0039] When the thickness of the first polymer plate and / or the second polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, it not only enables the photovoltaic module to withstand the impact of extremely strong winds, snow pressure, and flying rocks in polar regions, but also reduces the weight and cost of the photovoltaic module. When the thickness of the third polyurethane film and / or the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, it not only gives the photovoltaic module good impact resistance, weather resistance, cold resistance, and aging resistance, but also good flexibility and adhesion.

[0040] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first ETFE film is 40-60 μm; the thickness of the fifth polyurethane film is 0.38-1 mm; the thickness of the second ETFE film is 40-60 μm; and the thickness of the sixth polyurethane film is 0.38-1 mm.

[0041] When the thickness of the first ETFE film and / or the second ETFE film is 40~60μm, it not only gives the photovoltaic module good light transmittance, but also further improves the mechanical strength and cold resistance of the photovoltaic module. When the thickness of the fifth polyurethane film and / or the sixth polyurethane film is 0.38~1mm, it not only further improves the impact resistance, weather resistance, cold resistance and aging resistance of the photovoltaic module, but also gives the photovoltaic module good flexibility and adhesion.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes: a front glass panel 21, a first polyurethane film 51, a first polymer plate 31, a third polyurethane film 53, a solar cell 10, a fourth polyurethane film 54, a second polymer plate 32, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22, which are stacked sequentially.

[0043] In some embodiments, the thickness of the front glass is 1.6–6.0 mm, the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, and the thickness of the rear glass is 1.6–6.0 mm.

[0044] It should be noted that both the front and rear glass panels in this application are tempered glass. In the photovoltaic module, the front and rear glass panels overlap to ensure the overall mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module.

[0045] The following specific embodiments provide a more detailed description of this application, but should not be construed as limiting the application. Any modifications or substitutions made to the structure of this application without departing from its spirit and substance are within the scope of this application.

[0046] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 1 includes: The following components are stacked in sequence: front panel glass 21 (thickness 3.2mm), first polyurethane film 51 (thickness 0.63mm), solar cell 10, second polyurethane film 52 (thickness 0.63mm), and rear panel glass 22 (thickness 3.2mm); wherein the polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, and the polyurethane in the second polyurethane film 52 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane.

[0047] The method for preparing a photovoltaic module in Example 1 includes: A first polyurethane film 51, a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22 are sequentially stacked on the front glass panel 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0048] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 2 includes: The following components are stacked sequentially: front glass 21 (3.2 mm thick), first polyurethane film 51 (0.63 mm thick), first polymer plate 31 (1 mm thick), third polyurethane film 53 (0.63 mm thick), solar cell 10, second polyurethane film 52 (0.63 mm thick), and rear glass 22 (3.2 mm thick). The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, the polyurethane in the second polyurethane film 52 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, the polyurethane in the third polyurethane film 53 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, and the polymer in the first polymer plate 31 is mainly polycarbonate.

[0049] The method for preparing the photovoltaic module in Example 2 includes: A first polyurethane film 51, a first polymer plate 31, a third polyurethane film 53, a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22 are sequentially stacked on the front glass panel 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0050] Example 3 like Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 3 includes: The following components are stacked sequentially: front glass 21 (3.2 mm thick), first polyurethane film 51 (0.63 mm thick), solar cell 10, fourth polyurethane film 54 (0.63 mm thick), second polymer plate 32 (1 mm thick), second polyurethane film 52 (0.63 mm thick), and rear glass 22 (3.2 mm thick). The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51 is aliphatic polyester polyurethane, the polyurethane in the second polyurethane film 52 is aliphatic polyester polyurethane, the polyurethane in the fourth polyurethane film 54 is aliphatic polyester polyurethane, and the polymer in the second polymer plate 32 is mainly polyethylene.

[0051] The method for preparing the photovoltaic module in Example 3 includes: A first polyurethane film 51, a solar cell 10, a fourth polyurethane film 54, a second polymer plate 32, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22 are sequentially stacked on the front glass panel 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0052] Example 4 like Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 4 includes: The following components are stacked sequentially: front glass 21 (3.2 mm thick), first polyurethane film 51 (0.63 mm thick), first polymer plate 31 (1 mm thick), third polyurethane film 53 (0.63 mm thick), solar cell 10, fourth polyurethane film 54 (0.63 mm thick), second polymer plate 32 (1 mm thick), second polyurethane film 52 (0.63 mm thick), and rear glass 22 (3.2 mm thick). The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51, the second polyurethane film 52, the third polyurethane film 53, and the fourth polyurethane film 54 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane. The polymer in the first polymer plate 31 is primarily polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the polymer in the second polymer plate 32 is primarily PMMA.

[0053] The photovoltaic module preparation method of Example 4 includes: A first polyurethane film 51, a first polymer plate 31, a third polyurethane film 53, a solar cell 10, a fourth polyurethane film 54, a second polymer plate 32, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22 are sequentially stacked on the front glass panel 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0054] Example 5 like Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 5 includes: The following components are stacked sequentially: a first ETFE film 41 (50 μm thick), a fifth polyurethane film 55 (0.63 mm thick), a front glass 21 (3.2 mm thick), a first polyurethane film 51 (0.63 mm thick), a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52 (0.63 mm thick), and a rear glass 22 (3.2 mm thick). The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, the polyurethane in the second polyurethane film 52 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane, and the polyurethane in the fifth polyurethane film 55 is aliphatic polyether polyurethane.

[0055] The photovoltaic module preparation method of Example 5 includes: A fifth polyurethane film 55 and a first ETFE film 41 are sequentially stacked on the first surface of the front glass 21 to obtain a composite front glass. A first polyurethane film 51, a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52, and a rear glass panel 22 are sequentially stacked on the second surface of the front glass panel 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0056] Example 6 like Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic module of Example 6 includes: The following layers are stacked sequentially: a first ETFE film 41 (50 μm thick), a fifth polyurethane film 55 (0.63 mm thick), a front glass 21 (3.2 mm thick), a first polyurethane film 51 (0.63 mm thick), a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52 (0.63 mm thick), a rear glass 22 (3.2 mm thick), a sixth polyurethane film 56 (0.63 mm thick), and a second ETFE film 42 (50 μm thick). The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film 51, the second polyurethane film 52, the fifth polyurethane film 55, and the sixth polyurethane film 56 are all aliphatic polyether polyurethane.

[0057] The method for preparing a photovoltaic module in Example 6 includes: A fifth polyurethane film 55 and a first ETFE film 41 are sequentially stacked on the first surface of the front glass 21 to obtain a composite front glass; a sixth polyurethane film 56 and a second ETFE film 42 are sequentially stacked on the first surface of the rear glass 22 to obtain a composite rear glass. A first polyurethane film 51, a solar cell 10, a second polyurethane film 52, and a composite back glass are sequentially stacked on the second surface of the front glass 21 to obtain a photovoltaic module prefabricated component. The photovoltaic module preforms are placed into an autoclave, and the parameters are set for high-temperature lamination to obtain photovoltaic module laminates, which are then cooled to room temperature. After applying silicone sealant to the frame groove, install it onto the photovoltaic module laminate, install the junction box, and wait for the silicone to fully cure to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical effects of the embodiments of this application, this application also provides Comparative Example 1. The photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1 includes: a front glass panel (thickness of 3.2 mm), a first EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) film (thickness of 0.63 mm), a solar cell, a second EVA film (thickness of 0.63 mm), and a back glass panel (thickness of 3.2 mm) stacked sequentially.

[0059] This application also tested the performance of the photovoltaic modules of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 of this application, thereby obtaining the mechanical load of the corresponding photovoltaic modules, the diameter of the impact ice ball in the hail test of the modules, the power decay after aging at -55℃ for 96 hours, and the power decay of DH2000 (aged at 85℃ and 85%RH for 2000 hours). The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1

[0061] As shown in Table 1, compared with the photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1, the photovoltaic modules of Examples 1 to 6 of this application have stronger mechanical load performance, can withstand larger ice ball diameters, and have a smaller power decay rate.

[0062] In summary, the photovoltaic modules in this application embodiment use polyurethane (TPU) film as encapsulation film, which not only protects the solar cells in the photovoltaic module from external environmental corrosion (such as temperature and humidity), but also resists ultraviolet rays, extending the service life of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the TPU film in this application embodiment includes aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane. Due to the presence of aliphatic groups, aliphatic polyether polyurethane and / or aliphatic polyester polyurethane have high toughness, high strength, and low Tg temperature, thus giving the TPU film in this application embodiment good strength (its strength is 10 to 20 times that of EVA film), excellent impact resistance, and good weather resistance, cold resistance, and aging resistance. It can be used in environments from -60℃ to 120℃ and can be applied in cold environments. When both the upper and lower surfaces of a solar cell are protected by a polyurethane film (i.e., a first polyurethane film and a second polyurethane film), and the polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently include one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane, the photovoltaic module can have good chemical resistance, cold and low temperature resistance and impact resistance, ensuring that the photovoltaic module has long-term stability and good impact resistance in cold regions.

[0063] It should be noted that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside or outside relative to the outline of the component itself. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of other devices or structures" will later be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "front," "back," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0065] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this application refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0067] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: The front glass, the first polyurethane film, the solar cell, the second polyurethane film, and the rear glass are stacked in sequence. The polyurethane in the first polyurethane film and the second polyurethane film respectively and independently includes one or both of aliphatic polyether polyurethane and aliphatic polyester polyurethane.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A third polyurethane film and a first polymer plate are sequentially stacked between the first polyurethane film and the solar cell, and in a direction away from the solar cell; and / or A fourth polyurethane film and a second polymer plate are stacked sequentially between the second polyurethane film and the solar cell, and in a direction away from the solar cell.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the photovoltaic module includes the first polymer plate, the polymer of the first polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate. When the photovoltaic module includes the second polymer plate, the polymer of the second polymer plate includes one or more of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

4. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The first ETFE film and the fifth polyurethane film are located on the side of the front glass away from the first polyurethane film; The fifth polyurethane film is located between the first ETFE film and the front glass.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A first ETFE film and a fifth polyurethane film are located on the side of the front glass away from the first polyurethane film, wherein the fifth polyurethane film is located between the first ETFE film and the front glass; and A second ETFE film and a sixth polyurethane film are located on the side of the back glass away from the second polyurethane film, wherein the sixth polyurethane film is located between the second ETFE film and the back glass.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the front glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm; the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm; the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm; and the thickness of the rear glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the photovoltaic module includes the third polyurethane film and the first polymer plate, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50-6mm, and the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38-1mm. When the photovoltaic module includes the fourth polyurethane film and the second polymer plate, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50-6 mm, and the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38-1 mm.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the first ETFE film is 40~60μm; the thickness of the fifth polyurethane film is 0.38~1mm; the thickness of the second ETFE film is 40~60μm; and the thickness of the sixth polyurethane film is 0.38~1mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: The front glass, the first polyurethane film, the first polymer plate, the third polyurethane film, the solar cell, the fourth polyurethane film, the second polymer plate, the second polyurethane film, and the rear glass are stacked in sequence.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The thickness of the front glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm, the thickness of the first polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the first polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the third polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the fourth polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, the thickness of the second polymer plate is 0.50–6 mm, the thickness of the second polyurethane film is 0.38–1 mm, and the thickness of the rear glass panel is 1.6–6.0 mm.

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