Portable cavitation shot peening method and apparatus

Abstract

The present invention relates to portable cavitation peening methods and devices. A method of cavitation peening can include coupling a movable water source to a portable nozzle through a flexible conduit. The method can include positioning the nozzle proximate to a treatment surface and discharging a first fluid stream and a second fluid stream through a first passage and a second passage of the nozzle, wherein the second passage is positioned concentrically around the first passage. The first stream can have a first pressure and the second stream can have a second pressure, the first pressure being greater than the second pressure and the two streams combining to create a cloud of cavitation bubbles.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The original application was filed on August 29, 2018, with application number 2018109918271 and invention title "Portable Cavitation Shot Peening Method and Apparatus". Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to systems and methods for cavitation peening. More specifically, the disclosed examples relate to movable devices for cavitation peening of stationary workpieces. Background Technology

[0003] As is well known, shot peening is a method to enhance the fatigue strength of materials, increase their resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and induce residual compressive stress in materials. For example, aircraft repair involves grinding components, which creates tensile stress. Shot peening of the repaired component can relieve tensile stress and replace it with beneficial compressive stress. In shot peening, a spherical jet is propelled at high speed and impacts the surface of the material, causing plastic deformation.

[0004] However, shot peening causes surface roughness and, for some peening media (e.g., casting peening), can contaminate the treated surface. Consumable peening can be expensive and pose significant safety risks to operators. Cavitation water shot peening has shown promise as an alternative process, cleaning rather than contaminating with low cost and low operational risks.

[0005] Current cavitation peening systems typically require the workpiece to be submerged in a tank of water. The peening equipment is permanently positioned at the location where the part is manufactured, or at the location where the part being repaired is sent for peening. There is a need for equipment capable of in-situ peening to accelerate repairs and allow parts to be peened at or near their usual location. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A cavitation shot peening method may include coupling a movable water source to a portable nozzle via a flexible conduit. The method may include positioning the nozzle near the surface being treated and discharging a first fluid flow and a second fluid flow through a first channel and a second channel of the nozzle, wherein the second channel is concentrically positioned around the first channel. The first flow may have a first pressure, and the second flow may have a second pressure, the first pressure being greater than the second pressure, and the two flows combining to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles.

[0007] This disclosure provides systems, apparatus, and methods relating to cavitation peening. In some examples, the cavitation peening system may include a portable nozzle assembly and a movable fluid source. In some examples, the nozzle assembly may include a co-flow nozzle configured to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles. In some examples, the cavitation peening method may include translating a cloud of cavitation bubbles across a fixed treatment area on a workpiece at a substantially constant stand-off distance.

[0008] Features, functions, and advantages may be implemented independently in various examples of this disclosure, or may be combined in other examples, as can be seen in further detail with reference to the following description and figures. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a portable cavitation shot peening system used for shot peening landing struts of aircraft.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another portable cavitation shot peening system.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary nozzle assembly.

[0012] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Isometric view of the nozzle assembly.

[0013] Figure 5A yes Figure 3 Top view of the nozzle assembly.

[0014] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary gap distance indicator.

[0015] Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram of another gap distance indicator.

[0016] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the nozzle assembly.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary source component.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another portable cavitation shot peening system.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the cavitation shot peening method. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Various aspects and examples of systems with nozzle assemblies and fluid sources for cavitation shot peening, as well as related methods, are described below and illustrated in the associated figures. Unless otherwise specified, systems for cavitation shot peening and / or their various components may, but are not required to, include at least one of the structures, components, functions, and / or variations described, illustrated, and / or incorporated herein. Furthermore, unless specifically excluded, the process steps, structures, components, functions, and / or variations described, illustrated, and / or incorporated herein, in conjunction with this teaching, may be included in other similar apparatuses and methods, and are interchangeable in the disclosed examples. The following description of various examples is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure, its application, or use. Additionally, the advantages provided by the examples described below are illustrative in nature, and not all examples provide the same or the same degree of advantage.

[0021] definition Unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply to this document.

[0022] "Substantially" means more or less conforming to a specific size, range, shape, concept, or other aspect modified by the term so that a feature or component does not need to conform exactly. For example, an object that is "substantially cylindrical" means that the object is similar to a cylinder but may have one or more deviations from a true cylinder.

[0023] The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” (and in combination thereof) are used interchangeably to mean including, but not necessarily limited to, undescribed elements or method steps, and the foregoing terms are open-ended and are not intended to exclude additional said undescribed elements or method steps.

[0024] Terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” are used to distinguish or identify individual components within a group and are not intended to indicate a sequence or numerical limitation.

[0025] "Coupled" means to connect, whether permanently or releasably, directly or indirectly through an intermediate component.

[0026] Overview Typically, a cavitation peening system may include a portable nozzle assembly connected to a movable fluid supply device via a flexible conduit. Methods of using a cavitation peening system may include positioning the nozzle assembly near the surface being treated, and discharging a first fluid flow and a second fluid flow such that the two flows combine to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles.

[0027] Examples, components, and alternatives The following sections describe exemplary portable cavitation shot peening systems, nozzle assemblies, and fluid sources, as well as selected aspects of related systems and / or methods. The examples in these sections are intended to be illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the full scope of this disclosure. Each section may include one or more different embodiments or examples, and / or context or related information, functionality, and / or structure.

[0028] A. First illustrated system Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary portable cavitation shot peening system, generally indicated at 10 locations, is shown. The system includes a nozzle assembly 12 directed to a treatment surface 14. Two flexible conduits 16, 18 supply pressurized fluid to the nozzle assembly. A tank 20 supplies fluid to two pumps, a first pump 22 connected to conduit 16 and a second pump 24 connected to conduit 18. The first pump 22 pressurizes the fluid to a first pressure, and the second pump 24 pressurizes the fluid to a lower second pressure.

[0029] The nozzle assembly 12 discharges a first flow 26 of fluid at a first pressure and a second flow 28 of fluid at a second pressure. The two flows are discharged concentrically, causing them to combine to create a cloud of cavitation bubbles. The operator can maintain the nozzle assembly 12 at a distance from the processing surface 14, and this distance can be approximately twice the length of the cloud. The nozzle assembly 12 can be operated manually or connected to an automated system.

[0030] Sensor cluster 30 is submerged in the fluid within tank 20 to monitor relevant fluid parameters. For example, the cluster may include sensors for temperature and oxygen content. Sensor data can be displayed via visual indicators on the outer surface of the tank. The data can also be output to an electronic controller or communicated to the operator visually, audibly, or otherwise.

[0031] B. Second Graphical System Figure 2 This is an illustration of a portable cavitation shot peening system 110 in use. Operator 126 guides the nozzle assembly 112 to a strut 128 used to secure the aircraft's landing gear. The nozzle assembly generates a cloud of cavitation bubbles and discharges a stream of water 130 onto the strut. The strut 128 is held in place on the landing gear during shot peening, and operator 126 stands on a hoist 132 to bring the nozzle assembly 112 to the vicinity of a treatment area 114 on the strut 128. Operator 126 guides the nozzle assembly 112 to the treatment area 114 until that area has been adequately treated, and then the nozzle can be guided to the next treatment area. The operator can continue to move the nozzle assembly to new treatment areas until the strut 128 has been completely treated.

[0032] The nozzle assembly 112 includes a bracket 134 and a handle for the operator 126 to grip. The bracket rests on the railing of the lift 132 to allow the operator 126 to guide the nozzle assembly 112 without supporting the weight of the nozzle assembly. The bracket also helps the operator 126 maintain an accurate clearance distance from the support post 128 and an accurate angle between the water flow 130 and the treatment area 114.

[0033] A pair of hoses 116, 118 supply water from pumps 122, 124 to nozzle assembly 112. Pump 122 can pressurize the water to between approximately 1000 and 5000 pounds per square inch (PSI), preferably to 3000 PSI, or to any suitable pressure. Pump 124 can pressurize the water to a lower pressure, such as 50 PSI, or can supply laminar water at atmospheric pressure, or at any suitable pressure.

[0034] Hose 116 and 118 are connected to nozzle assembly 112, but are bundled for easy movement by operator 126. The hoses may be tied at intervals, encased in conduits, or otherwise arranged. Power cables, data cables, or other cables may also be bundled with hoses 116 and 118 and connected to nozzle assembly 112.

[0035] Pumps 122 and 124 pump water from storage tank 120. In the example shown, tank 120 has two compartments, with pump 122 drawing water from the first compartment and pump 124 drawing water from the second compartment. In some examples, the first and second compartments may store water at different pressures or temperatures, or may contain different fluids.

[0036] Tank 120 and pumps 122, 124 are mounted on a wheeled platform 136 with a cooler unit 138. Tank 120 can be filled via cooler 138, which cools and filters the incoming water. Control of the incoming water temperature and impurity levels is desirable to provide optimal conditions at nozzle assembly 112 for cavitation cloud formation. A mechanism may be included in tank 120 to allow stored water to be circulated through cooler 138 when the water temperature rises above an acceptable operating temperature.

[0037] Cooler 138 or tank 120 may include ports or connectors suitable for connection to an airport water supply system. The tank may be filled at the water supply system before being moved to a work area near the aircraft landing gear, or, if a water supply system is available at the work area, the tank may continue to be filled during shot peening. Tank 120 is sized to hold sufficient water for effective processing time. For example, if shot peening of processing area 114 requires 20 minutes and nozzle assembly 112 discharges water at a flow rate of 3 gallons per minute, then tank 120 may have a volume of at least 60 gallons.

[0038] The wheeled platform 136 may be an integrated component of the cavitation peening system 110, or it may be a transport vehicle provided at the work site. For example, at an airport, the system 110 may be transported on a motorized vehicle. At the work area, the tank 120, pumps 122, 124, and cooler 138 may be held on the vehicle during shot peening and may be moved by the vehicle as needed to access aircraft components. In such examples, the tank 120, pumps 122, 124, and cooler 138 may be detachably mounted on a chassis or frame to allow for easy loading and unloading. In other examples, the tank 120 may include casters on its bottom surface, and the pumps 122, 124 may be secured to the top surface of the tank. Any efficient, movable configuration may be used.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, pumps 122, 124 and cooler 138 are individually accessible. This configuration allows for easy on-site replacement of parts. For example, the cavitation shot peening system 110 can be used for repairs performed in remote areas where harsh conditions can accelerate wear or undesirable downtime for repairs. If internal components of pump 122 fail, another model or type of pump with suitable pressure and flow rate parameters can replace pump 122 during repairs.

[0040] In other examples, pumps 122, 124 and cooler 138 can be enclosed in a single unit with tank 120 for ease of transport and handling. Control of all components and display of data from any sensor can be achieved outside this single unit.

[0041] The cavitation peening system 110 can be used for shot peening or other applications. For example, it can be used to clean surfaces or for controlled deformation. By introducing abrasive media into cavitation clouds, the system can also be used to smooth rough surfaces.

[0042] C. Third-level diagram system Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a nozzle assembly 210 for cavitation peening is shown. The assembly includes a co-flow nozzle 212, a body portion 214, and a handle 216. The nozzle 212 is directed to a calibration puck 218, discharging internal flow 220 and external flow 222 of fluid to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles. Two flexible conduits supply fluid to the nozzle assembly 210: a first conduit 224 with fluid at a first pressure for the internal flow 220, and a second conduit 226 with fluid at a second pressure for the external flow 222.

[0043] Nozzle assembly 210 also includes control 228, meter 230, and guide device 232. Control 228 stops or starts the fluid flow from the co-flow nozzle 212. The control can affect both the internal flow 220 and the external flow 222 simultaneously, or provide separate control for each flow. Control 228 may also include any other functionality of nozzle assembly 210 or the cavitation peening system using nozzle assembly 210. For example, control 228 may allow an operator to adjust the temperature or pressure of the internal flow 220 and / or the external flow 222. Control 228 can be operatively connected to the electronic controller of the cavitation peening system.

[0044] One or more sensors 234 are mounted in the co-flow nozzle 212 to measure the properties of the fluid near the discharge point. The sensors can be mounted such that they do not impede fluid flow, interfere with the formation of cavitation clouds by the co-flow nozzle, or otherwise reduce the effectiveness of the co-flow nozzle. In some examples, some or all of the sensors 234 may be arranged within the body portion 214 of the nozzle assembly 210. In some examples, the sensors may be arranged externally to the nozzle assembly.

[0045] Sensor 234 can measure the properties of the internal flow 220, the external flow 222, and / or the external environment. The measured properties may include, but are not limited to, pressure, temperature, flow rate, dissolved oxygen, impurity levels, ambient noise, ultrasonic noise, or vibration. Measurement data from each sensor may be displayed on the nozzle assembly 210, for example, via meter 230, or may be transmitted to an electronic controller.

[0046] The calibration disk 218 can be used prior to shot peening of the workpiece. The disk includes one or more sensors 236 for measuring the pulsating pressure generated by the nozzle assembly 210. The sensors may include load sensors, piezoelectric transducers, pressure-sensitive membranes, or any effective sensor. The disk 218 may also include a material resistant to erosion caused by cavitation impacts to limit mass loss during calibration. In other examples, the disk 218 may include alternative inserts or test substrates with known material properties. An operator can perform erosion tests on the inserts to measure the cavitation intensity of the nozzle assembly 210. The disk 218 may also include any permanent or alternative test components suitable for testing the cavitation or shot peening properties of the fluid exiting the nozzle assembly 210.

[0047] The operator or controller can adjust the fluid supplied by conduits 224, 226 using measured pulsating pressure or cavitation intensity from the calibration disk and sensor data from the nozzle assembly 210. By adjusting fluid parameters such as absolute pressure, pressure ratio, flow rate, temperature, or dissolved oxygen level, shot peening performed with the nozzle assembly 210 can be optimized to the desired intensity.

[0048] Figure 4This is an isometric view of the nozzle assembly 210, showing an elongated axis 238 defined by the body portion 214. A handle 216 is mounted on the body such that it pivots about a pivot axis 240 perpendicular to the elongated axis 238. The manual operator can thus orient the nozzle assembly 210 at a desired angle relative to the processing surface while maintaining a comfortable angle between the operator and the handle 216. A wide range of motion for the handle 216 is also desirable to allow the operator access to processing areas below, above, or around other components.

[0049] The handle 216 may also include features that facilitate effective or ergonomic gripping or prevent repetitive stress injuries to the operator from prolonged use of the nozzle assembly 210. For example, the handle 216 may include a cam rod to selectively hold the handle in a desired pivot position, or the handle 216 may include a rubber-like material that provides effective grip when wet. In some examples, the handle 216 may include filler to absorb vibrations transmitted from pressurized liquids or cavitation clouds.

[0050] exist Figures 3 to 5A In this design, nozzle assembly 210 is shown with a pivoting handle, but any effective handle may be used. In some examples, handle 216 may be configured to attach to a robotic system such as a CNC arm. Examples suitable for manual operation may include handle 216 forming a gun shape with body portion 214, or two handles mounted on the opposite side of body portion 214 and extending perpendicular to the elongated axis 238. In some examples, body portion 214 may have a bar shape to allow the operator to maintain a distance from the processing area. Body portion 214 may include a telescopic component to allow the operator to select a length suitable for a specific workpiece or work area. Body portion 214 may include a joint or flexible component to facilitate use of the nozzle assembly in confined spaces or hard-to-access areas. Connectors configured to mate with tripods or other supports may be included on body portion 214 or on clips for attachment to tool straps or strips. Other effective nozzle configurations may be known to those skilled in the art, and any configuration may be used for nozzle assembly 210.

[0051] Figure 5A The guiding device 232 and the meter 230 are shown more clearly. The guiding device 232 is a laser distance sensor configured to measure the gap distance between the co-flow nozzle 212 and the processing surface. The guiding device can be calibrated to determine the distance from the tip 242 of the co-flow nozzle 212 to the point of contact between the internal flow of fluid from the nozzle and the processing surface. The meter 230 displays the measured distance and may include an indicator providing information about the correct or desired gap distance or distance range.

[0052] Figures 5B to 5CTwo exemplary meters are shown. Figure 5B In the diagram, the circular gauge is divided into six sections, representing a good distance of 244, an acceptable buffer zone excluding high distances of 246 or low distances of 248, and an unacceptable distance of 250. An indicator arrow shows the current distance measured by the guiding device. These six sections can be labeled and color-coded. For example, good distance 244 could be green, buffer zones 246 and 248 could be yellow, and unacceptable distance 250 could be red. Figure 5C An alternative vertical meter is shown, complete with an indicator arrow, and the five sections also include Good 244, Buffer 246, 248, and Unacceptable 250. The operator can observe the meter 230 while positioning the nozzle assembly 210 and adjust the nozzle closer to or further away from the processing surface until the indicator arrow is in the Good 244 section.

[0053] In some examples, other devices for measuring or indicating gap distance can be used. For example, one or more sets of LEDs can be mounted to the co-flow nozzle 212 and oriented to emit light parallel to the direction of fluid flow from the nozzle. Each set of LEDs can have red, yellow, and green settings and is configured to change the settings according to the measured gap distance. That is, the LEDs can emit a green mode onto the processing surface when the co-flow nozzle 212 is within the optimal gap distance range, the LEDs can emit a yellow mode when the nozzle is within an acceptable range, and the LEDs can emit a red mode when the nozzle is outside the acceptable range.

[0054] In addition to the gap meter 230, the nozzle assembly 210 may also include meters or indicators for any parameters of the nozzle or cavitation shot peening system relevant to the operator. For example, the assembly may include a display for an electronic controller, an indicator of the fluid level in a fluid source, a temperature meter, or a pressure meter.

[0055] Nozzle assembly 210 may be made of a metal such as aluminum or titanium, and may consist of any suitable material, or may include a variety of materials. Some or all of the nozzle assembly may be covered with a protective coating such as plastic, rubber, or silicone. The protective coating may include a shock-absorbing material and may be treated to be thicker at the edges, corners, or vulnerable areas of nozzle assembly 210. In some examples, the nozzle assembly or protective coating may include a thermally insulating material. Any material, cap, or coating suitable for protecting the assembly from weather conditions, backsplash of discharged fluid, or intrusion of dust and sand may be used. In some examples, nozzle assembly 210 may be configured to operate under harsh field conditions and withstand repeated impacts and exposure to muddy, dusty, or dirty environments.

[0056] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a co-flow nozzle 212 that discharges fluid in the processing direction 256 at a fixed processing surface 254. The nozzle includes an inner channel 258 for an internal flow 220 and an outer channel 260 for an external flow 222 leading to the nozzle tip 242.

[0057] The outer wall 262 of the co-flow nozzle 212 defines the outer channel 260 and surrounds the inner channel 258. The outer wall 262 may be at the angle shown, and may be parallel or outwardly oblique. The inner channel 258 is defined by the inner nozzle 264 shown, which includes a cavitation unit, a gasket, and a nozzle plate. The inner nozzle 264 may also have any effective geometry. For example, the nozzle may be cylindrical or conical.

[0058] Figure 3 The flexible conduits 224 and 226 shown supply fluid to the co-flow nozzle 212 via the nozzle assembly 210. Conduit 226 is connected to the inner channel 258 and supplies fluid at a first pressure, while conduit 224 is connected to the outer channel 260 and supplies fluid at a second pressure. Conduits 224 and 226 can be configured to direct separate fluid flows to the inner and outer channels. The first pressure is higher than the second pressure and can be at least higher than 1000 PSI, at least higher than 2000 PSI, or can be any effective pressure.

[0059] The co-flow nozzle 212 can concentrically discharge the outer flow 222 around the inner flow 220, and can coaxially discharge the flow along the processing direction 256. The nozzle can mix the fluid flow to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles 266.

[0060] The co-current nozzle 212 is positioned at a gap distance 268 from the processing surface 254, and the processing direction 256 forms an angle 270° with the surface. The cavitation intensity experienced by the processing surface 254 can depend on the gap distance, and therefore a substantially constant gap distance within a given tolerance can be expected. For example, the gap distance 268 can be maintained within 6 to 10 feet. It should be noted that, since the cavitation impact can be more efficient beyond the cavitation cloud itself, in the example shown, the cavitation cloud 266 only extends halfway to the processing surface 254. The cavitation intensity can also be maintained by keeping the cavitation cloud 266 within a range of 3 to 5 inches from the processing surface.

[0061] The operator can translate the co-flow nozzle 212 or nozzle assembly above the processing surface 254, as indicated by arrow A. Figure 6 As shown, the processing surface 254 is curved, not flat. Accordingly, as the nozzle 212 is translated, the operator can also rotate the nozzle as indicated by arrow B. The operator can thus maintain an angle 270. The angle can be maintained in the range of approximately 90 degrees or 60 to 70 degrees.

[0062] The surface 254 to be processed can also be flat, irregular, or have a complex structure. The nozzle 212 can be manipulated by the operator to follow the contour of the surface 254. That is, the nozzle can be moved and rotated by the operator in three dimensions to adapt to the curvature of the surface 254 to be processed.

[0063] The z-axis can be defined as perpendicular to the processing surface 254 at the point where the processing direction 256 intersects the surface. The xy-plane can also be defined as tangent to the processing surface at this point and perpendicular to the z-axis. Figure 6 In the example shown, the processing direction 256 is aligned with the z-axis and arrow A is parallel to the xy plane.

[0064] Nozzle 212 can be translated along surface 254 parallel to arrow A or in any direction parallel to the xy plane. To maintain a constant gap distance, nozzle 212 can also be translated vertically along the z-axis. Nozzle 212 can be rotated in the plane indicated by arrow B or any plane containing the z-axis. Nozzle 212 can be moved horizontally, vertically, or rotated in any necessary manner to achieve the correct distance and orientation relative to the processing surface 254.

[0065] Nozzle 212 can be manually operated or controlled by an automated system. In some examples, an operator gripping the handle of the nozzle assembly can visually estimate the correct translation and rotation to accommodate the curvature. In other examples, a robotic system can be programmed to perform the correct translation and rotation of the nozzle. Information about the workpiece's structure can be input into the automated system, enabling the system to translate nozzle 212 above all surfaces of the workpiece while maintaining the processing direction 256 perpendicular to the surface and maintaining a substantially constant gap distance.

[0066] In some examples, the abrasive media can be introduced into a cavitation cloud 266. For example, a wide-angle nozzle can be positioned at the edge of the cloud and the abrasive media can be dispersed to be driven by the cloud. In such examples, the treated surface 254 can be smoothed and shot-peened and cleaned.

[0067] D. Fourth Graphical System Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a fluid source generally indicated at 310, used in a portable cavitation shot peening system. In this example, fluid source 310 supplies water. In other examples, any liquid or fluid suitable for cavitation shot peening can be supplied. Fluid source 310 can be configured for transport. For example, the fluid source can be mounted on a wheeled platform or in a housing with a handling handle.

[0068] like Figure 7As shown, tank 312 is connected to two pumps 314 and 316 and a temperature control unit 318. The first pump 314 supplies water at a first pressure along a flexible conduit 320, and the second pump 316 supplies water at a second pressure along a flexible conduit 322. Pumps 314 and 316 may be the same or different, and can be of any type. In some examples, tank 312 may be maintained at the second pressure, and the flexible conduit 322 may supply water directly from the tank. In some examples, in addition to the first pump 314, a booster pump may also be connected to the flexible conduit 320 to achieve the desired first pressure.

[0069] Flexible conduits 320 and 322 can be any hose or pipe suitable for both the first and second pressures. The conduits may include a heat-sealing material to maintain an optimal fluid temperature as it travels from tank 312 to the attached nozzle assembly. Figure 7 As shown, sensor 324 is connected to each conduit. The sensor can measure the pressure, temperature, or any other relevant parameter of the water in the conduit. In some examples, one or all of conduits 320, 322 may include a flow control valve or a pressure control valve.

[0070] Tank 312 includes multiple access points for water inflow and outflow, said access points may include ports, valves, faucets, drain pipes, lids, or any effective mechanism. Figure 4 In the example shown in the diagram, tank 312 has seven access points, but it can include any number of access points. An inlet valve 326 is included at the top of tank 312, which is compatible with common connection standards. For example, inlet valve 326 can be compatible with water supply hoses used in airports.

[0071] Tank 312 also includes a lid 328. The lid allows access to the interior of tank 312 for cleaning or servicing components of the fluid source 310 installed inside the tank. The lid 328 also allows the tank to be filled from any available water supply system or hose. Tank 312 includes a drain pipe 330. The drain pipe is compatible with connection standards to allow excess water to be drained for use in other equipment or for other purposes. The drain pipe 330 also allows tank 312 to be quickly emptied when shot peening is complete. Draining tank 312 makes the water source 310 lighter and allows for easier transport.

[0072] The inlet valve 326, cover 328, and drain pipe 330 can all be tightly sealed. That is, when not in use, any connection point on tank 312 can be adequately sealed to prevent leakage due to movement and forces during transport. Tank 312 can be sealed for transport when connected to pumps 314, 316, and temperature control unit 318, or it can be sealed for separate transport.

[0073] The canister 312 can have any useful capacity. For example, when used with a portable cavitation peening system that discharges fluid at a rate of 2 gallons per minute and is intended for shot peening parts requiring an average of 1 hour of shot peening treatment, the canister 312 can have a capacity of 150 gallons. Alternatively, the canister 312 can have a capacity of 75 gallons, and the user can refill the canister midway through a work session. Preferably, the canister 312 can have a capacity such that, when full, the canister can be moderately moved by one or two workers by lifting it onto a motor vehicle, by a handcart, or by lifting it onto attached wheels.

[0074] Can 312 may be made of plastic, fiberglass, stainless steel, or any durable material. Preferably, can 312 may be made of one or more materials suitable for limiting the weight of the can and facilitating easy transport. Can 312 may be cylindrical, may be ridged to provide improved structural integrity for thin materials, or may be any effective shape.

[0075] A temperature control unit 318 can be connected to tank 312 via inlet conduit 332 and outlet conduit 334. A sight glass 336 is disposed on drain conduit 334 to allow a user to visually confirm the water flow rate. In other examples, such a sight glass may be included in flexible conduits 320 or 322, or at any useful point on the fluid supply source 310. A temperature sensor 338 is connected to each conduit 332, 334. The sensor may also measure any relevant parameters of the water in the conduit. In some examples, one or both of conduits 332, 334 may include a flow control valve or a pressure control valve.

[0076] Water can be drawn from tank 312 by a pump integrated into unit 318, a pump connected to inlet conduit 332, by gravity feeding, or by any effective mechanism. Water can be returned from unit 318 to tank 312 in a similar or different manner. Temperature control unit 318 may include a heating element, a cooling element, or both. In some examples, temperature control unit 318 may include heating and / or cooling elements mounted in tank 312.

[0077] The temperature control unit 318 includes a filter 340 that can filter minerals, impurities, or contaminants from the water circulating through the unit. Filtering impurities from the water stored in tank 312 can promote effective shot peening and reduce wear on components of the portable cavitation shot peening system. Filtration can also allow for the safe use of water from sources of unknown quality. In some examples, the filter 340 may be integrated with the inlet valve 326 of tank 312 or may otherwise be installed in tank 312 to filter the incoming water.

[0078] Sensor cluster 342 is installed in tank 312 to monitor the stored water. This cluster may include sensors for temperature, oxygen levels, contaminants, or any other relevant parameters. Data from sensor cluster 342, sensor 324, and sensor 338 can be displayed via visual indicators on the outer surface of tank 312 or on the housing of fluid source 310. Data can also be output to a controller module or communicated to the operator visually, audibly, or otherwise.

[0079] In some examples, fluid source 310 may also include a grinding media source. A hopper or other container may be mounted to tank 312 and may be connected to the nozzle assembly of a portable cavitation shot peening assembly via a flexible conduit. The grinding media conduit may be bundled together with conduits 320, 322.

[0080] E. Fifth Graphical System Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a portable cavitation shot peening system, generally indicated at 410. The system includes a nozzle assembly 412 and a fluid source with a fluid tank 420 and two pumps 422, 424. The fluid source is connected to the nozzle assembly 412 via flexible conduits 416, 418, and the tank 420 is connected to a temperature control unit 426. A sensor cluster 428 is mounted in the nozzle assembly 412, and another cluster 430 is mounted in the tank 420.

[0081] The portable cavitation shot peening system 410 also includes an electronic controller 432, which is wired or wirelessly connected to the rest of the system. The controller includes a processor and memory, as well as a control panel 434. The memory may include programmed instructions that are executed by the processor. Any type of controller can be used, and in some examples, the controller may be analog without a processor or memory.

[0082] Controller 432 receives real-time sensor data from sensors in clusters 428 and 430 and temperature sensor 436. The data may include fluid temperature, fluid pressure, fluid oxygen content, fluid source level, ambient temperature, vibration, ultrasonic noise, or any other useful parameter. In some examples, sensor data may be communicated at regular intervals or upon request from the controller. The laser guiding device may communicate to controller 432 a measured value of the gap distance from nozzle assembly 412 to processing area 414. Sensors of any type may also be mounted at any point in system 410 suitable for data collection. In some examples, additional sensors may be placed close to the processing area on the workpiece.

[0083] The control panel 434 can display the received sensor data. In some examples, the controller 432 can perform mathematical or statistical analysis of the collected data and display the analysis results on the control panel 434. For example, the control panel 434 can display the temperature and pressure measured in the nozzle assembly 412, as well as the gap distance from the processing area 414. Based on the measured temperature, pressure, and gap distance, the control panel can also display a calculated estimate of the cavitation intensity.

[0084] The controller memory may include acceptable operating ranges for the cavitation shot peening system. For example, acceptable operating fluid source levels may be between 20 gallons and 150 gallons. The control panel 434 may display the acceptable operating range or dynamically display warnings when received sensor data is outside the acceptable operating range. For example, when the fluid level is measured at 19 gallons, the fluid level indicator may be displayed in red. The controller 432 may also use audible alarms or bells, lights or indicators mounted to the nozzle assembly 412, or any other effective means to convey warnings to the operator of the system 410. The control panel 434 may also be configured to allow the operator to input acceptable operating ranges. The operator may specify acceptable levels for measured quantities or calculated quantities.

[0085] Controller 432 is operatively connected to pumps 422, 424 and temperature control unit 426. The controller is configured to activate and deactivate the pumps, adjust pressure, circulate water through the temperature control unit, and activate or deactivate heating or cooling elements of the unit. Nozzle assembly 412 may include controls for system 410 that can communicate with controller 432. Controller 432 may also be integrated with any system of the portable cavitation shot peening system 410 to send or receive data, activate or deactivate controls, or perform any suitable function. In some examples, controller 432 may actuate the delivery of abrasive media to the nozzle assembly.

[0086] The controller 432 can be configured to maintain the parameters of the portable cavitation shot peening system 410 within an acceptable operating range. For example, when the fluid temperature is measured to be above acceptable, the controller can activate the cooling element of the temperature control unit 426 and circulate water from the tank 420 through that unit. As another example, when the pressure of the internal flow of the nozzle assembly 412 is measured to be below acceptable, the controller can adjust the pressure setting on the pump 422. The controller 432 can also be configured to maintain calculated quantities at optimal levels. For example, a user can input an optimal cavitation intensity into the control panel 434, and the controller 432 can adjust the system parameters as needed to maintain the input intensity.

[0087] In some examples, controller 432 can be configured to determine an optimal level based on measured or calculated quantities of the properties of the processed surface. The operator can input characteristics of the workpiece to be processed into control panel 434, or select a workpiece from a database of workpieces and related characteristics stored in the controller's memory. Subsequently, throughout the processing of the workpiece, controller 432 can adjust fluid discharge parameters as needed to maintain one or more determined optimal levels.

[0088] F. Explanatory methods This section describes the steps of an illustrative method for cavitation shot peening; see [link to illustrative method]. Figure 9 Portable cavitation shot peening systems, nozzle assemblies, and fluid sources can be used in the method steps described below. Where appropriate, references may be made to components and systems that can be used to implement each step. These references are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the possible ways in which any particular step of this method can be implemented.

[0089] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed in an illustrative method, and it is not necessary to list the complete process or all steps of this method. Although the individual steps of method 500 are described below and in Figure 9 The steps are described, but not all of them are necessarily performed, and in some cases they may be performed simultaneously or in a different order than that shown.

[0090] At step 502, the method includes connecting a portable water source to a portable nozzle. The water source may include a tank and two pumps, while the nozzle may be a co-flow nozzle located at the distal end of a nozzle body. The nozzle may be connected to the water source via a pair of flexible conduits. The water source, nozzle, and conduits together constitute a portable cavitation shot peening system, which may also include other components such as an electronic controller and a temperature control unit. The nozzle may be connected to the water source before being transported to the work site, or connected at the work site before treatment begins.

[0091] Step 504 of the method includes positioning the nozzle near a fixed surface. The nozzle body may include a handle, which an operator can use to bring the nozzle near the surface. The operator may also position a movable water source close to the surface so that the nozzle can reach all areas of the surface to be treated. For this purpose, the water source may include wheels or be placed on a wheeled vehicle. A pair of flexible conduits may be long enough to allow the nozzle to reach the treatment area when the movable water source is positioned at the appropriate distance.

[0092] For example, to handle the landing gear struts of an aircraft, an operator can position a water source on the apron next to a hoist. The operator can stand on the hoist and use handles to hold the nozzle upwards to reach the strut. A flexible conduit can extend from the water source, upwards to the hoist, and then to the nozzle. The system may also include features that aid in the positioning process, such as a strapped flexible conduit or a brake on the water source wheel.

[0093] At step 506, the method includes discharging a first flow and a second flow of fluid through a nozzle. The co-flow nozzle may include a first channel and a second channel, the first channel being connected to a first conduit of a pair of flexible conduits and the second channel being connected to a second conduit of the pair of flexible conduits.

[0094] A first pump in the water source can supply water at a first pressure, and a second pump can supply water at a second pressure, so that a first fluid flow is discharged at the first pressure and a second fluid flow is discharged at the second pressure. The first pressure can be higher than the second pressure.

[0095] A co-flow nozzle can be configured such that a first fluid flow and a second fluid flow are discharged concentrically. That is, the first fluid flow can be surrounded by the second fluid flow. The two flows can be discharged coaxially in the processing direction and mixed or combined to generate a cloud of cavitation.

[0096] The operator can initiate fluid flow using controls mounted on the nozzle body. Internal and external flows can be activated by a single control, or they can be started separately. The controls can be directly connected to the pump to initiate fluid movement, or they can be connected to an electronic controller capable of executing a multi-step start-up sequence.

[0097] Before proceeding with treatment, the operator can assess the condition of the discharged fluid, water source, or other components of the system. Water sources, conduits, and nozzles can all include sensors for monitoring fluids within the system. Nozzles may also include sensors for measuring environmental conditions or effects induced by cavitation, such as vibration or ultrasonic noise. The operator can obtain data from the sensors by observing the control panel of the electronic controller or by observing indicators directly connected to the sensors.

[0098] The process may require a specific cavitation intensity or range. Factors such as fluid pressure, temperature, or dissolved gases can affect the cavitation intensity achieved by a portable cavitation shot peening system. To optimize cavitation intensity, the operator can assess data from sensors and adjust fluid conditions by activating a temperature control unit, circulating fluid through a filter, adjusting the pump, or making other changes to the system. In some examples, the operator can input the desired intensity into an electronic controller that can be configured to receive sensor data and adjust fluid conditions.

[0099] In some examples, operators can assess the effective cavitation intensity or impact pressure of a portable cavitation unit using a calibration disk. The disk, made of a material resistant to erosion from cavitation impacts, may include one or more sensors that report the impacts experienced by the disk. The operator can direct fluid discharged through the nozzle to the disk and use the collected data to calibrate the cavitation cloud of the cavitation peening system to the desired intensity.

[0100] Step 508 involves manually orienting the fluid flow to be perpendicular to the surface. The operator can use the nozzle handle to rotate the nozzle or angle the nozzle so that the fluid contacts the surface at approximately 90 degrees or in the range of 60 to 120 degrees. The operator can estimate the angle visually or calculate it using measuring equipment.

[0101] At step 510, the method includes guiding a laser guide to a surface. The laser guide may be mounted on a nozzle, and guiding the nozzle to the surface also effectively guides the laser guide. The guide may be configured to calculate the distance from the tip of the nozzle to the surface. The gap distance may be reported by a meter on the nozzle body or may be transmitted to an electronic controller.

[0102] The operator can adjust the nozzle position, bringing the nozzle tip closer to the surface or retracting it until the gap distance is within an acceptable range. The operator can find the correct gap distance using a color-coded guide on the nozzle body, can be trained to find the correct gap distance, or can receive visual or auditory guidance from the electronic controller.

[0103] In some examples, the operator may adjust the nozzle to the correct gap distance before discharging fluid from the nozzle. In some examples, the operator may open the external second flow of low-pressure fluid before opening the internal first flow of high-pressure fluid and perform steps 508 and 510 to generate a cloud of cavitation. Properly positioning the nozzle before generating the cloud of cavitation allows for a more accurate calculation of the processing time required for the initial surface region.

[0104] Step 512 involves manually translating the nozzle across the surface. The operator can position the nozzle near a first treatment area and then translate it to the next treatment area. In some examples, the operator can sweep the nozzle across the surface area at a constant rate. In other examples, the operator can keep the nozzle fixed in the first area, move the nozzle to the vicinity of a second area, and then keep the nozzle fixed again. Any effective treatment pattern or timing can be used.

[0105] Step 514 includes monitoring the gap distance, and step 516 includes maintaining the gap distance at approximately 8 inches. As the operator moves the nozzle over the surface, the laser guide can still be guided to the surface being processed and the gap distance can continue to be measured. The operator can monitor the distance reported by the guide and keep the nozzle at a substantially constant gap distance.

[0106] It should be noted that the distance can be constant within tolerance. That is, if the operator unintentionally changes the gap distance and then adjusts the nozzle back to the correct distance, the operator can continue processing without further correction as long as the change is within the predetermined tolerance.

[0107] At step 518, the method includes monitoring the pressure of the first fluid flow. A sensor may be mounted in a first channel of the nozzle to measure the fluid pressure. Step 520 includes transmitting the pressure data to a controller. The controller may be configured to adjust the fluid pressure at the fluid source. That is, the controller may be operatively connected to a first pump and may be adjusted as needed to maintain the correct pressure of the first fluid.

[0108] The operator can also monitor the angle between the fluid flow direction and the surface, and maintain the flow direction perpendicular to the surface. The operator can further monitor other sensor data and adjust fluid conditions as needed to ensure the cavitation peening system operates at optimal intensity during the process.

[0109] In some examples, the electronic controller can monitor sensor data. In such examples, the controller can be programmed with acceptable fluid parameters. When the measured condition changes beyond acceptable levels, the controller can adjust the fluid parameters, warn the operator, or both. For example, the electronic controller can monitor the temperature of the discharged fluid. When the fluid temperature rises above acceptable levels, the controller can activate the cooler unit in the water source and generate an audible warning sound.

[0110] In some examples, the operator can use nozzle controls to activate the delivery of abrasive media. The nozzle can spray abrasive media into the outflowing fluid stream, close to the edge of the cavitation cloud. The operator can add abrasive media during shot peening, or can use a cavitation shot peening system with abrasive media to perform surface smoothing or further cleaning once shot peening is complete.

[0111] G. Additional examples and illustrative combinations This section describes additional aspects and features of the portable cavitation shot peening system and method, presented as a series of paragraphs rather than limiting them. For clarity and efficiency, some or all of these paragraphs may be designated by alphanumeric characters. Each of these paragraphs can be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other paragraphs and / or disclosures elsewhere in this application (including material included by reference in cross-references). Some of the following paragraphs explicitly refer to and further limit the others, providing examples of, but not limited to, suitable combinations.

[0112] A. A method for cavitation shot peening, comprising: A portable fluid source is coupled to a portable nozzle via a flexible conduit, the nozzle having a first channel and a second channel. Position the nozzle near the surface of the workpiece to be processed. A first fluid flow is discharged toward the processing surface through the first channel, and a second fluid flow is discharged toward the processing surface through the second channel, the second channel being concentrically positioned around the first channel, wherein the first fluid flow has a first fluid pressure and the second fluid flow has a second fluid pressure, the first fluid pressure being greater than the second fluid pressure, wherein the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow combine to generate a cloud of cavitation.

[0113] A1. The method described in A further includes: The nozzle is moved across the treatment surface at a constant gap distance.

[0114] A2. The method described in A1 further includes: The nozzle is translated perpendicular to the processing surface along the Z-axis.

[0115] A3. The method described in A also includes: The nozzle is rotated to adapt to the curvature of the surface being processed.

[0116] A4. According to the method described in A, wherein the positioning step is performed manually.

[0117] A5. According to the method described in A, the positioning step is performed by the robot.

[0118] A6. The method according to A, wherein the nozzle directs the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow toward the processing surface in a processing direction.

[0119] A7. The method according to A6, wherein the positioning step includes manually orienting the processing direction of the fluid flow to form an angle with the processing surface in the range of 60 to 120 degrees.

[0120] A8. The method according to A, wherein the nozzle has a tip portion, and the positioning step includes maintaining a clearance distance between the tip portion of the nozzle and the processed surface in the range of 6 inches to 10 inches.

[0121] A9. The method according to A, wherein the positioning step includes maintaining the cloud of cavitation bubbles at a distance of 3 to 5 inches from the processed surface.

[0122] A10. The method according to A, wherein the nozzle has a laser guiding device, and the positioning step includes guiding the laser guiding device toward the processing surface and determining a gap distance between the tip of the nozzle and the processing surface.

[0123] A11. The method according to A, wherein the discharge step includes monitoring the first fluid pressure of the first fluid flow through the nozzle.

[0124] A12. The method according to A11 further includes: The pressure data sensed in the nozzle is transmitted to a controller, which is programmed to adjust the fluid pressure at the fluid source.

[0125] A13. The method according to A11, wherein the monitoring step includes displaying the first fluid pressure on a meter connected to the nozzle.

[0126] A14. The method described in A further includes: Monitor the temperature of the fluid passing through the nozzle.

[0127] A15. The method according to A14 further includes: Fluid temperature data sensed in the nozzle is transmitted to a controller, which is programmed to adjust the fluid pressure at the fluid source.

[0128] B. An apparatus for cavitation shot peening, comprising: Fluid source A first pump device configured to receive a first fluid flow from the fluid source. A second pump device configured to receive a second fluid flow from the fluid source. A nozzle assembly configured to translate over a fixed processing area on a workpiece, each of the pumps being connected to the nozzle via a flexible conduit, the nozzle being configured to mix fluids received from the first and second pumps to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles.

[0129] B1. The device according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a handle configured to manually operate the nozzle.

[0130] B2. The apparatus according to B, wherein the first pumping device pumps the first fluid flow at a first pressure, and the second pumping device pumps the second fluid flow at a second pressure, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure.

[0131] B3. The device according to B2, wherein the first pressure is at least 1000 psi greater than the second pressure.

[0132] B4. The device according to B2, wherein the first pressure is at least 2000 psi greater than the second pressure.

[0133] B5. The apparatus according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly is configured to discharge fluid of the second fluid flow concentrically surrounding the fluid of the first fluid flow.

[0134] B6. The apparatus according to B, wherein the flexible conduit carrying the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow is at least partially bundled together.

[0135] B7. The apparatus according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly has a tip and a laser guide, the laser guide being configured to detect the gap distance between the tip and the processed surface of the workpiece.

[0136] B8. The apparatus according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly has a meter indicating the gap distance.

[0137] B9. The apparatus according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly has a meter indicating the pressure level of the first fluid flow.

[0138] B10. The device according to B, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a body portion having an elongated axis.

[0139] B11. The device according to B10, wherein the handle and the main body form a gun shape.

[0140] B12. The device according to B10, wherein the handle is pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the elongated axis.

[0141] B13. The device according to B10, wherein the handle includes two grippable protrusions extending laterally from opposite sides of the body portion.

[0142] C. A fluid delivery system for cavitation shot peening, comprising: A co-flow nozzle assembly, configured to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles in the fluid flow, is manually translated across a fixed processing area on the workpiece. A portable fluid source connected to the nozzle assembly via first and second flexible conduits.

[0143] C1. The fluid delivery system according to C, wherein the fluid source includes a first pump connected to the first flexible conduit and a second pump connected to the second flexible conduit, the nozzle assembly having an inner channel and an outer channel, the first pump being configured to deliver fluid to the inner channel at a first fluid pressure, and the second pump being configured to deliver the fluid to the outer channel at a second fluid pressure, the first fluid pressure being higher than the second fluid pressure.

[0144] D. A method for processing a workpiece, comprising: The cloud of cavitation bubbles is manually translated across a fixed processing area on the workpiece with a substantially constant gap distance.

[0145] D1. The method described in D also includes: The first and second fluid flows are discharged through a portable nozzle assembly.

[0146] D2. According to the method described in D1, wherein the first fluid flow is discharged at a pressure higher than that of the second fluid flow.

[0147] D3. The method described in D2 further includes: Monitor the temperature and pressure of the first fluid flow.

[0148] E. A distribution system for cavitation shot peening, comprising: Portable nozzle assembly, comprising: It has a main body portion with a slender axis, a first channel, and a second channel leading to the distal tip portion. A handle portion connected to the main body is configured to guide the elongated axis of the main body toward a fixed processing area on the workpiece and to be translated over the processing area with a constant gap distance.

[0149] E1. The distribution system according to E, wherein in the tip portion the second channel surrounds the first channel, the channel being configured to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles for shot peening the processing area.

[0150] E2. The distribution system according to E, wherein the handle is configured to be manually operated by a human operator.

[0151] E3. The distribution system according to E2, wherein the handle and the main body form a gun shape.

[0152] E4. The dispensing system according to E2, wherein the handle portion is pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the elongated axis.

[0153] E5. The distribution system according to E2, wherein the handle portion includes two grippable protrusions extending laterally from the opposite side of the body portion.

[0154] E6. The distribution system according to E further includes: A robotic system configured to be coupled to the handle portion of the nozzle assembly, the robotic system being programmed to manipulate the body portion to be guided toward the fixed processing area on the workpiece and to be translated over the processing area at a constant gap distance.

[0155] E7. The dispensing system according to E, wherein the nozzle assembly has a laser guide connected to the body portion, which is configured to detect the gap distance between the tip portion and the processing surface.

[0156] E8. The dispensing system according to E, wherein the nozzle assembly has a meter indicating the gap distance.

[0157] E9. The distribution system according to E, wherein the nozzle assembly has a meter indicating the pressure level of the first fluid flow.

[0158] E10. The distribution system according to E further includes: A disk configured to calibrate cavitation clouds discharged from the nozzle assembly before processing the processing area.

[0159] E11. The distribution system according to E10 further includes: A first flexible conduit connected to the first channel and a second flexible conduit connected to the second channel, the conduits being configured to direct separate fluid flows to the first channel and the second channel.

[0160] F. A portable fluid supply device comprising: The base configured for transportation. The fluid reservoir supported by the base, Temperature control device for maintaining the desired temperature of the fluid contained in the fluid reservoir. A first pump device configured to receive fluid from the reservoir and pump the fluid into a first flexible conduit at a first fluid pressure, and a second pump device configured to receive fluid from the reservoir and pump the fluid into a second flexible conduit at a second fluid pressure, wherein the first fluid pressure is higher than the second fluid pressure, causing a cavitation cloud to be generated through a co-flow nozzle assembly connected to the distal ends of the first and second flexible conduits. A controller programmed to maintain the desired temperature and pressure of the fluid transported by the flexible conduit.

[0161] F1. The device according to F, wherein the base is equipped with wheels for moving the device between positions.

[0162] F2. The device according to F, wherein the controller receives temperature data sensed in the nozzle assembly.

[0163] F3. The device according to F, wherein the controller receives pressure data sensed in the nozzle assembly.

[0164] F4. The apparatus according to F, wherein the controller is programmed to change the fluid discharge parameters based at least in part on the identification of the characteristics of the workpiece being processed.

[0165] Advantages, features, benefits The various embodiments and examples of the portable cavitation shot peening systems and methods described herein offer several advantages over known shot peening solutions. For example, the illustrative embodiments and examples described herein allow workpieces to be shot peened and cleaned in a single process.

[0166] Furthermore, among other benefits, the illustrative embodiments and examples described herein allow for shot peening of components in the field and in-situ.

[0167] Furthermore, among other benefits, the illustrative embodiments and examples described herein reduce consumable costs and improve operator safety.

[0168] No known system or device can perform these functions, especially in field conditions. Therefore, the illustrative embodiments and examples described herein are particularly suitable for shot peening repairs. However, not all embodiments and examples described herein offer the same advantages or the same degree of advantage.

[0169] in conclusion The foregoing disclosure may contain multiple different examples with individual uses. While each of these examples has been disclosed with its preferred form(s), the particular embodiments disclosed and described herein should not be considered limiting, as many variations are possible. As for the section headings used in this disclosure, these headings are for organizational purposes only. The subject matter of this disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various elements, features, functions, and / or properties disclosed herein. The appended claims specifically point to certain combinations and sub-combinations considered novel and non-obvious. Other combinations and sub-combinations of features, functions, elements, and / or properties may be claimed in applications claiming priority from this application or related applications. Such claims, whether broad, narrow, equal to, or different in scope from the original claims, are considered to be included within the subject matter of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An apparatus for cavitation shot peening, comprising: Fluid source A first pump device configured to receive a first fluid flow from the fluid source. A second pump device configured to receive a second fluid flow from the fluid source. A nozzle assembly configured to translate over a fixed processing area on a workpiece, each of the pumps being connected to the nozzle via a flexible conduit, the nozzle being configured to mix fluids received from the first pump and the second pump to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a handle configured to manually operate the nozzle.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first pumping device pumps the first fluid flow at a first pressure, and the second pumping device pumps the second fluid flow at a second pressure, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first pressure is at least one of being at least 1000 psi greater than the second pressure or at least 2000 psi greater than the second pressure.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flexible conduit carrying the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow is at least partially bound together.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nozzle assembly has a tip and a laser guide configured to detect the gap distance between the tip and the processing surface of the workpiece.

7. A fluid delivery system for cavitation shot peening according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising: The nozzle includes a co-flow nozzle assembly configured to generate a cloud of cavitation bubbles in the fluid flow and is manually translated across a fixed processing area on the workpiece. A portable fluid source is connected to the nozzle assembly via a first flexible conduit and a second flexible conduit.

8. The fluid delivery system of claim 7, wherein the nozzle assembly has an inner channel and an outer channel, the first pump is configured to deliver fluid to the inner channel at a first fluid pressure, and the second pump is configured to deliver fluid to the outer channel at a second fluid pressure, the first fluid pressure being higher than the second fluid pressure.

9. A distribution system for cavitation shot peening according to claim 1, comprising: The nozzle includes a portable nozzle assembly, the portable nozzle assembly comprising: It has a main body portion with a slender axis, a first channel, and a second channel leading to the distal tip portion. A handle portion is attached to the main body portion, the handle portion being configured to guide the elongated axis of the main body portion toward a fixed processing area on the workpiece, and being translated over the processing area with a constant gap distance.

10. The distribution system of claim 9, wherein the handle and the main body portion form a gun shape.

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