Method for automatic arrangement of photovoltaic panels

Abstract

This application relates to an automatic photovoltaic panel layout method. It is applicable to the field of photovoltaic power plant planning and design technology. The technical solution includes acquiring multi-angle image data of a target site to generate a 3D model and a digital orthophoto map; based on the 3D model and the digital orthophoto map, using a trained target detection model to identify preset targets in the site, and marking the areas where the preset targets are located as unusable areas I; extracting slope and aspect features from the 3D model of the target site, and based on these features, marking areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements as unusable areas II; defining areas outside unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable areas, and generating preliminary layout schemes within the usable areas based on their slope and aspect features, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters; quantitatively evaluating the preliminary layout schemes based on a preset evaluation function, and outputting the final layout scheme based on schemes with evaluation scores greater than the preset value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method. It is applicable to the field of photovoltaic power plant planning and design technology. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of photovoltaic power plants, the rational arrangement of photovoltaic panels is a crucial factor affecting the power generation efficiency, construction costs, and operational safety. Traditional photovoltaic panel placement methods primarily rely on manual on-site surveys, using measuring tools to obtain site topographic data and obstacle locations, combined with the experience of designers to develop a plan. However, this method has the following drawbacks: 1. Inefficient: For large areas, manual surveying requires a lot of time and manpower, especially in areas with complex terrain, where the survey period can last for several weeks. 2. Insufficient accuracy: Manual measurement is easily affected by environmental factors, and key parameters such as terrain data and obstacle dimensions have large errors, which may lead to problems such as obstruction and insufficient load-bearing capacity in the later layout plan; 3. High subjectivity: The design of the scheme relies on the experience of the designers, and the schemes planned by different people are very different, making it difficult to achieve standardization and optimal design; 4. Incomplete consideration of factors: Often only obstacles and terrain factors are considered, while the relationship between adjacent agriculture, forestry and fishery and flood control and other factors are not adequately taken into account, which can easily lead to later conflicts and safety hazards; 5. Lack of quantitative evaluation of the rationality of the plan: It is impossible to intuitively judge the merits of the plan through specific numerical values, which is not conducive to the optimization and comparison of the plan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method, comprising: Acquire multi-angle image data of the target site; Based on multi-angle image data of the target site, a three-dimensional model and a digital orthophoto map of the target site are generated. Based on the 3D model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, a trained target detection model is used to identify preset targets in the site and mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I. Extract the slope and aspect features from the 3D model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, mark the areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements as unusable area II. The area outside of unusable areas I and II on the target site is defined as the usable area. Based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable area and combined with the preset photovoltaic design parameters, a preliminary layout plan is generated. The preliminary layout plan is quantitatively evaluated based on a preset evaluation function, and the final layout plan is output based on the plan with an evaluation score greater than the preset value. The evaluation factors of the evaluation function include obstacle avoidance degree, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety.

[0005] The preset targets include obstacles, adjacent industrial areas, and flood-sensitive areas; The obstacles include buildings, utility poles, high-voltage power towers, and trees taller than 2 meters; the adjacent industrial areas include agricultural planting areas, forestry protection areas, and aquaculture areas; the flood-sensitive areas include low-lying and flood-prone areas, river buffer zones, and areas historically flooded.

[0006] The target detection model uses the U-Net semantic segmentation model.

[0007] The photovoltaic design parameters include the optimal tilt angle calculated based on the site latitude and the array spacing calculated based on the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice.

[0008] The preliminary layout plan is generated in the usable area based on its slope and aspect characteristics, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters, including: Divide the photovoltaic array units within the available area according to the optimal orientation and tilt angle; Adjust the array spacing based on the obstacle height and the simulation results of the sun's trajectory; The output includes a preliminary layout diagram containing the number of photovoltaic panels, their location coordinates, tilt angle, and spacing parameters.

[0009] The evaluation function includes: Evaluation score = ω1 × obstacle avoidance score + ω2 × terrain adaptation score + ω3 × industry coordination score + ω4 × flood control safety score; Among them, ω1, ω2, ω3, and ω4 are the weights of each factor, and ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4=1; the obstacle avoidance score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the safe distance between the photovoltaic panel and the obstacle; the terrain adaptation score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the terrain slope in the available area; the industrial coordination score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the isolation distance between the photovoltaic array and the adjacent industrial area; and the flood control safety score is calculated based on the proportion of the photovoltaic array elevation that is higher than the historical highest water level.

[0010] The scheme based on an evaluation score greater than a preset value outputs the final layout scheme, including: For schemes with evaluation scores greater than the preset value, occlusion simulation, load-bearing verification, compliance checks, and human experience optimization are performed to output the final layout scheme.

[0011] An automatic photovoltaic panel placement device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-angle image data of the target site; The model generation module is used to generate a 3D model and a digital orthophoto map of the target site based on multi-angle image data of the target site. The area marking module I is used to identify preset targets in the site based on the 3D model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, and to mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I. The area marking module II is used to extract the slope and aspect features from the three-dimensional model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements are marked as unusable areas II. The scheme generation module is used to define areas other than unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable areas, and generate preliminary layout schemes based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable areas, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters. The scheme evaluation module is used to quantitatively evaluate the preliminary layout scheme based on a preset evaluation function, and output the final layout scheme based on the scheme with an evaluation score greater than the preset value. The evaluation factors of the evaluation function include obstacle avoidance degree, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety.

[0012] A storage medium storing a computer program executable by a processor, wherein the computer program, when executed, implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method.

[0013] An automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the processor. When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention generates a three-dimensional model and a digital orthophoto map based on multi-angle image data, and then determines the usable area within the target site based on the target detection model recognition results and slope and aspect characteristics, etc. Based on the usable area, the algorithm automatically generates a plan, and after evaluation by the evaluation function, the final plan is generated, which shortens the traditional planning cycle of several weeks to 1-2 days, greatly reducing time costs.

[0015] This invention introduces an evaluation function, which intuitively reflects the performance of the solution on each key factor through specific scores, facilitating the optimization, comparison and selection of the solution. The evaluation function comprehensively considers multiple factors such as obstacles, terrain, neighboring agriculture, forestry, fishery and flood control, avoiding later conflicts and safety hazards.

[0016] This invention, based on millimeter-level 3D models and image recognition technology, achieves obstacle recognition and terrain parameter calculation errors ≤0.5m, ensuring the accuracy of the solution. By optimizing array orientation, tilt angle, and spacing through algorithms, combined with shading simulation verification, this invention can increase the annual power generation of photovoltaic power plants by 3%-5%. This invention is applicable to various scenarios such as flat land, mountains, and rooftops, with particularly significant advantages in complex terrain and areas involving multiple industries. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The flowchart is for an example.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the layout scheme for the embodiment is generated. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set only for ease of explanation, and there is no limitation on the order between the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0020] In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or the order of the indicated technical features. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0021] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method, which specifically includes the following steps: S100. Acquire multi-angle image data of the target site. The multi-angle image data of the target site is collected using UAV data. The UAV, equipped with a high-resolution camera and an RTK / PPK positioning module, performs oblique photography of the target site to acquire multi-angle image data. The image overlap rate meets the requirements of ≥80% in the flight direction and ≥70% in the side direction.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the equipment carried by the drone also includes LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of the site and improve modeling accuracy.

[0023] S200: Based on multi-angle image data of the target site, generate a three-dimensional model of the target site (including digital surface model (DSM), digital elevation model (DEM)) and digital orthophoto map (DOM).

[0024] S300: Based on the three-dimensional model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, a trained target detection model is used to identify preset targets in the site and mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I.

[0025] In this embodiment, the preset targets include obstacles, adjacent industrial areas, and flood-sensitive areas. The obstacles include buildings, utility poles, high-voltage power towers, and trees with a height greater than 2m. The adjacent industrial areas include agricultural planting areas, forestry protection areas, and aquaculture areas. The flood-sensitive areas include low-lying and flood-prone areas, river buffer zones, and areas historically flooded.

[0026] In this example, the object detection model uses the U-Net semantic segmentation model, which is trained using a dataset specifically designed for photovoltaic scenarios.

[0027] S400. Extract the slope and aspect features from the 3D model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, mark the areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements as unusable areas II.

[0028] In this embodiment, the slope value of each area of ​​the site is calculated by DEM, and areas with a slope > 25° are marked as unusable areas; the terrain slope features are extracted to optimize the orientation parameters of the photovoltaic array.

[0029] S500: Define the area outside of unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable area, and based on its slope and aspect characteristics, combined with the preset photovoltaic design parameters, automatically divide the usable area, optimize the array orientation and tilt angle, calculate the array spacing, and generate a preliminary layout plan through the algorithm.

[0030] The preset photovoltaic design parameters in this embodiment include: the optimal tilt angle calculated based on the site latitude, with the optimal orientation in the Northern Hemisphere being due south ±15°; and the array spacing calculated based on the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice, with the formula: spacing = altitude difference × cot (solar altitude angle).

[0031] In this example, the photovoltaic array units are divided within the usable area according to the optimal orientation and tilt angle; the array spacing is adjusted based on the obstacle height and solar trajectory simulation results to ensure that the annual shading time is ≤5%; and a preliminary layout diagram containing the number of photovoltaic panels, location coordinates, tilt angle, and spacing parameters is output.

[0032] S600: Based on the preset evaluation function, the preliminary layout plan is quantitatively evaluated. Plans with evaluation scores not greater than the preset value are adjusted. Plans with evaluation scores greater than the preset value are subjected to occlusion simulation, load-bearing verification, compliance check and human experience optimization, and the final layout plan is output.

[0033] In this embodiment, the evaluation function calculates the evaluation score by comprehensively considering factors such as obstacle avoidance, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety. The expression for the evaluation function in this example is: Evaluation score = ω1 × obstacle avoidance score + ω2 × terrain adaptation score + ω3 × industry coordination score + ω4 × flood control safety score; Among them, ω1, ω2, ω3, and ω4 are the weights of each factor, and ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4=1; the obstacle avoidance score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the safe distance between the photovoltaic panel and the obstacle; the terrain adaptation score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the terrain slope in the available area; the industrial coordination score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the isolation distance between the photovoltaic array and the adjacent industrial area; and the flood control safety score is calculated based on the proportion of the photovoltaic array elevation that is higher than the historical highest water level.

[0034] In this embodiment, the shading simulation is achieved by integrating site obstacle height data with the local solar radiation database, and the load-bearing verification is completed by combining geological survey data with the self-weight parameters of the photovoltaic system.

[0035] The following example, using a mountain photovoltaic power station located at 30° North latitude and encompassing an agricultural planting area, illustrates the automatic photovoltaic panel placement method: S100: Acquire multi-angle image data of the target site.

[0036] A drone equipped with a 20-megapixel camera, RTK module, and LiDAR was used to photograph a 1,000-acre site at a flight altitude of 100m, with a forward overlap of 85% and a lateral overlap of 75%. The focus was on collecting data on the boundaries of agricultural planting areas and historical flood-inundated areas, resulting in 5,000 images and point cloud data.

[0037] S200: Based on multi-angle image data of the target site, generate a three-dimensional model and digital orthophoto map of the target site.

[0038] Data is processed using ContextCapture to generate DSM, DEM, and DOM, with an elevation accuracy of ±0.3m.

[0039] S300: Based on the three-dimensional model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, a trained target detection model is used to identify preset targets in the site and mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I.

[0040] The trained U-Net model identified 3 buildings, 2 high-voltage power line towers, and 120 trees (height > 2m) within the site; it also identified a 51.2 km² core agricultural planting area. 2 Buffer zone 32.1 km 2 Based on DEM and historical hydrological data, a flood control safety elevation line and a low-lying, flood-prone area of ​​20.2 km were determined. 2 .

[0041] S400. Extract the slope and aspect features from the 3D model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, mark the areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements as unusable areas II.

[0042] DEM calculations show that areas with a slope greater than 25° account for 15% of the total area, mainly located on the eastern side of the site.

[0043] S500. Define the area outside of unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable area, and generate a preliminary layout plan based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable area and the preset photovoltaic design parameters.

[0044] The optimal tilt angle is calculated to be 32° based on latitude, and the orientation is set to due south. The array spacing is calculated to be 8m based on the solar altitude angle of 10° on the winter solstice. The distance between the photovoltaic array and the agricultural planting buffer area is set to 5m, and the distance from the flood control safety elevation line is not less than 1m. 20 photovoltaic array units are divided in the usable area, with a total of 5,000 photovoltaic panels.

[0045] S600: Quantitatively evaluate the preliminary layout scheme based on the preset evaluation function, and output the final layout scheme based on the scheme with an evaluation score greater than the preset value.

[0046] Weights were set at ω1=0.3, ω2=0.2, ω3=0.25, and ω4=0.25. The obstacle avoidance score was 95, terrain adaptation score was 90, industry coordination score was 92, and flood control safety score was 94. The evaluation score was 0.3×95+0.2×90+0.25×92+0.25×94=92.7, which is higher than the preset threshold of 85. Simulation revealed that the western array was obstructed by trees; adjusting the spacing to 9m reduced the obstruction time to 3%. For the soft soil area in the northeast of the site, a helical pile foundation was recommended. After manual fine-tuning, the final scheme was output (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown).

[0047] Example 2: This example is an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement device, including: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-angle image data of the target site; The model generation module is used to generate a 3D model and a digital orthophoto map of the target site based on multi-angle image data of the target site. The area marking module I is used to identify preset targets in the site based on the 3D model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, and to mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I. The area marking module II is used to extract the slope and aspect features from the three-dimensional model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements are marked as unusable areas II. The scheme generation module is used to define areas other than unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable areas, and generate preliminary layout schemes based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable areas, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters. The scheme evaluation module is used to quantitatively evaluate the preliminary layout scheme based on a preset evaluation function, and output the final layout scheme based on the scheme with an evaluation score greater than the preset value. The evaluation factors of the evaluation function include obstacle avoidance degree, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety.

[0048] Example 3: This example is a storage medium that stores a computer program that can be executed by a processor. When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method described in Example 1.

[0049] Example 4: This example is an automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement device, which has a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the processor. When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method described in Example 1.

[0050] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0051] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-including system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0052] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the aforementioned program can be printed, because the aforementioned program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0053] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0054] In the foregoing description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0056] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for automatically arranging photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, include: Acquire multi-angle image data of the target site; Based on multi-angle image data of the target site, a three-dimensional model and a digital orthophoto map of the target site are generated. Based on the 3D model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, a trained target detection model is used to identify preset targets in the site and mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I. Extract the slope and aspect features from the 3D model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, mark the areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements as unusable area II. The area outside of unusable areas I and II on the target site is defined as the usable area. Based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable area and combined with the preset photovoltaic design parameters, a preliminary layout plan is generated. The preliminary layout plan is quantitatively evaluated based on a preset evaluation function, and the final layout plan is output based on the plan with an evaluation score greater than the preset value. The evaluation factors of the evaluation function include obstacle avoidance degree, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety.

2. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset targets include obstacles, adjacent industrial areas, and flood-sensitive areas; The obstacles include buildings, utility poles, high-voltage power towers, and trees taller than 2 meters; the adjacent industrial areas include agricultural planting areas, forestry protection areas, and aquaculture areas; the flood-sensitive areas include low-lying and flood-prone areas, river buffer zones, and areas historically flooded.

3. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target detection model uses the U-Net semantic segmentation model.

4. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic design parameters include the optimal tilt angle calculated based on the site latitude and the array spacing calculated based on the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice.

5. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preliminary layout plan is generated in the usable area based on its slope and aspect characteristics, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters, including: Divide the photovoltaic array units within the available area according to the optimal orientation and tilt angle; Adjust the array spacing based on the obstacle height and the simulation results of the sun's trajectory; The output includes a preliminary layout diagram containing the number of photovoltaic panels, their location coordinates, tilt angle, and spacing parameters.

6. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation function includes: Evaluation score = ω1 × obstacle avoidance score + ω2 × terrain adaptation score + ω3 × industry coordination score + ω4 × flood control safety score; Among them, ω1, ω2, ω3, and ω4 are the weights of each factor, and ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4=1; the obstacle avoidance score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the safe distance between the photovoltaic panel and the obstacle; the terrain adaptation score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the terrain slope in the available area; the industrial coordination score is calculated based on the compliance rate of the isolation distance between the photovoltaic array and the adjacent industrial area; and the flood control safety score is calculated based on the proportion of the photovoltaic array elevation that is higher than the historical highest water level.

7. The automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scheme based on an evaluation score greater than a preset value outputs the final layout scheme, including: For schemes with evaluation scores greater than the preset value, occlusion simulation, load-bearing verification, compliance checks, and human experience optimization are performed to output the final layout scheme.

8. An automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement device, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-angle image data of the target site; The model generation module is used to generate a 3D model and a digital orthophoto map of the target site based on multi-angle image data of the target site. The area marking module I is used to identify preset targets in the site based on the 3D model and digital orthophoto map of the target site, and to mark the area where the preset targets are located as unusable area I. The area marking module II is used to extract the slope and aspect features from the three-dimensional model of the target site. Based on the slope and aspect features, areas that do not meet the preset photovoltaic panel layout requirements are marked as unusable areas II. The scheme generation module is used to define areas other than unusable areas I and II on the target site as usable areas, and generate preliminary layout schemes based on the slope and aspect characteristics of the usable areas, combined with preset photovoltaic design parameters. The scheme evaluation module is used to quantitatively evaluate the preliminary layout scheme based on a preset evaluation function, and output the final layout scheme based on the scheme with an evaluation score greater than the preset value. The evaluation factors of the evaluation function include obstacle avoidance degree, terrain adaptability, coordination with adjacent industries, and flood control and drainage safety.

9. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that can be executed by a processor, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An automatic photovoltaic panel placement device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the automatic photovoltaic panel arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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