A method and system for optimizing the layout of a well gallery blasting area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of computer-aided design, in particular to a kind of well lane blasting area's polyline hole arrangement optimization method and system.The present application first filters out the historical reference project of current blasting project, to determine the basic hole arrangement parameter of current blasting project based on the hole arrangement design parameter of each historical reference project;Further analyze the engineering basic information deviation of current blasting project and historical reference project, and the drilling positioning error deviation of the drilling equipment of current blasting project and historical reference project, to obtain hole arrangement correction coefficient;Finally, the basic hole arrangement parameter is adaptively corrected using hole arrangement correction coefficient, to determine the polyline hole arrangement parameter of current blasting project.The present application quantifies rock mass characteristics and equipment deviation by historical similar blasting project matching and blasting condition deviation comparison to adaptively adjust hole arrangement parameter, optimizes the polyline hole arrangement of well lane blasting area, and improves the economy and safety of blasting design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of computer-aided design technology, specifically to a method and system for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a tunnel blasting area. Background Technology

[0002] Tunneling and blasting is a key process in underground engineering construction design. The method of hole layout directly determines the blasting efficiency and the stability of the surrounding rock. Currently, the mainstream hole layout design relies on empirical formulas and engineering analogies to carry out computer-aided hole layout design.

[0003] However, the geological and construction conditions faced by actual underground engineering are extremely complex and dynamic. The hole layout parameters determined by existing methods are not sensitive enough to specific working conditions. When encountering complex geological conditions and reduced drilling accuracy, the fixed hole layout parameters cannot adaptively make quantitative adjustments such as "dense hole weak blasting" or "fault-tolerant dense drilling", resulting in a mismatch between the blasting energy supply and the actual rock mass fragmentation requirements, which in turn affects the blasting effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the poor performance of existing polygonal hole layout methods, this invention aims to provide a method and system for optimizing polygonal hole layout in blasting areas of mine tunnels. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: A method for optimizing the layout of holes along a polygonal line in a blasting zone of a mine shaft, the method comprising: Collect basic engineering information for the current blasting project and full-element information for each historical blasting project. The basic engineering information includes at least engineering design parameters and tunnel rock mass parameters, and the full-element information includes at least basic engineering information and hole layout design parameters. Based on the similarity of the basic engineering information, historical reference projects for the current blasting project are selected from all historical blasting projects, and the basic hole layout parameters for the current blasting project are determined based on the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project. Based on the engineering basic information of the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the engineering basic information of all historical reference projects, and combined with the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in all historical reference projects, the hole layout correction coefficient is obtained. The basic hole layout parameters are corrected using the hole layout correction coefficient to determine the polygonal hole layout parameters for the current blasting project.

[0005] Furthermore, the engineering design parameters shall include at least the cross-sectional profile and the design cycle advance; the tunnel rock mass parameters shall include at least the surrounding rock grade, mineral composition, rock mass integrity coefficient and rock mass mechanical parameters.

[0006] Furthermore, the hole layout design parameters include at least the hole spacing, row spacing, and extra depth of the slotted holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the historical reference project includes: Between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project, the consistency of the mineral composition and the surrounding rock grade is determined. If they are consistent, the corresponding similarity parameter between the projects is set to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0. The similarity parameter of the cross section between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the cross section profiles. The similarity parameter of the advance between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the designed cycle advance. The mineral composition, the surrounding rock grade, the cross-sectional profile, and the design cycle advance are weighted and fused to obtain the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project; when the working condition similarity index is greater than the preset similarity threshold, the corresponding historical blasting project is used as the historical reference project of the current blasting project.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the basic hole layout parameters includes: For each hole layout design parameter, the corresponding parameter of each historical reference project is weighted using the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical reference project, and the weighted average result between the current blasting project and all historical reference projects is used as the basic hole layout parameter.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the aperture correction coefficient includes: Rock mass mechanics parameters, rock mass integrity coefficient, and borehole positioning error are respectively used as parameters under the correction reference index; For each correction reference index, the reference index parameter is determined based on the concentrated characteristics of the corresponding index parameter in historical reference projects, and the correction parameter is determined based on the deviation of the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project relative to the reference index parameter. Based on the parameter set characteristics of each modified reference index in all historical reference projects, the reference weight of each modified reference index is obtained; the corresponding modified parameters are weighted and averaged using the reference weights to obtain the hole layout correction coefficient.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the correction parameter includes: For the correction reference indexes of rock mass mechanics parameters and rock mass integrity coefficient, the reference index parameters are used as the numerator, the corresponding index parameters in the current blasting project are used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter. For the reference index for correcting borehole positioning errors, the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project is used as the numerator, the reference index parameter is used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the reference weights includes: For each corrected reference index, the corresponding index parameters in the historical reference projects are sorted sequentially, the parameter ranges that are in the preset middle proportion are extracted, and the reference weights are determined based on the range of the parameter ranges.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the hole parameters of the polygonal pattern includes: The hole spacing and row spacing of each type of hole are weighted using the hole correction coefficient to obtain the corrected hole spacing and corrected row spacing; the extra depth of each type of hole is divided by the hole correction coefficient to obtain the corrected extra depth.

[0013] A system for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area using a polygonal pattern, the system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area using a polygonal pattern.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention collects basic engineering information of the current blasting project and full-element information of each historical blasting project, providing an engineering information foundation for subsequent analysis and optimization of hole layout. Then, based on the similarity of the basic engineering information, historical reference projects are selected from all historical blasting projects to provide historical reuse benchmarks for hole layout. Based on the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project, the basic hole layout parameters of the current blasting project are determined. Further analysis of actual working condition deviations is conducted. Based on the engineering basic information of the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the engineering basic information of all historical reference projects is considered. Combined with the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in the current blasting project, and the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in all historical reference projects, a hole layout correction coefficient is obtained. This correction coefficient is used to adaptively correct the basic hole layout parameters, thereby determining the polygonal hole layout parameters of the current blasting project. This invention, through matching historical similar blasting projects and comparing working condition deviations, quantifies rock mass characteristics and equipment deviations to adaptively adjust hole layout parameters, optimizing the polygonal hole layout in tunnel blasting areas, and improving the economy and safety of blasting design. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1A flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area, provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining the aperture correction coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method and system for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the method and system for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area provided by this invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 The document illustrates a flowchart of a method for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including: Step S1: Collect basic engineering information of the current blasting project and full-element information of each historical blasting project. The basic engineering information includes at least engineering design parameters and tunnel rock mass parameters, and the full-element information includes at least basic engineering information and hole layout design parameters.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the explosive and the charging method are fixed, the geological exploration report and engineering design drawings of the tunnel blasting project are retrieved from the archive database to obtain the basic engineering information of the current blasting project. The basic engineering information includes at least the engineering design parameters and the tunnel rock mass parameters, which can help determine the physical blasting boundary and rock breaking energy consumption requirements of the current blasting project.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the engineering design parameters include at least the cross-sectional profile and the design cycle advance; the tunnel rock mass parameters include at least the surrounding rock grade, mineral composition, rock mass integrity coefficient and rock mass mechanical parameters.

[0023] The engineering design parameters provide relevant design references for the construction of the tunnel blasting area. The index types include cross-sectional profile and design cycle advance. The cross-sectional profile includes information on the cross-sectional structure of the tunnel, such as size and form (e.g., arch, rectangle), and provides relevant references for the physical blasting boundary. The design cycle advance is an indicator for measuring construction efficiency and provides relevant references for the borehole design depth and rock resistance. Rock mass parameters in mine tunnels provide relevant references to the geological characteristics of the blasting area. The types of indicators include surrounding rock grade, mineral composition, rock mass integrity coefficient, and rock mass mechanical parameters. The surrounding rock grade reflects the stability of the surrounding rock and the blasting safety boundary, providing relevant references for controlling the risk of surrounding rock collapse and the extent of damage. Mineral composition determines the microstructure and compactness of the rock, providing relevant references for the blastability of the rock. The rock mass integrity coefficient characterizes the degree of joint and fracture development, providing relevant references for fragmentation efficiency and block size distribution. Rock mass mechanical parameters (such as uniaxial compressive strength) measure the compressive and shear resistance of the rock, providing relevant basis for explosive energy requirements and hole layout adjustments.

[0024] Since historically completed mine blasting projects contain blasting parameters that have been verified on-site, the blasting design specifications of historical (mine) blasting projects in the archive database are also retrieved to obtain full-element information for each historical blasting project. The full-element information includes at least the basic project information extracted above, as well as hole layout design parameters. The hole layout design parameters can help provide prior blasting knowledge and provide initial reference for subsequent processes.

[0025] It should be noted that the historical blasting projects extracted in the embodiments of this invention are all high-quality projects that have been completed and accepted, and whose actual blasting effects strictly meet the predetermined indicators. The predetermined indicators include, but are not limited to, actual cycle advance reaching more than 90% of the design value, explosive consumption per unit being lower than the industry benchmark value, surrounding rock damage depth being controlled within the design allowable range, and no major safety accidents. Implementers may also adjust and screen these indicators themselves, which will not be elaborated further. To ensure the reliability of statistical characteristics, it is recommended that the number of high-quality historical blasting projects in the archive database be no less than 30-50, which can be defined by the implementer to ensure sufficient prior support and mathematical reliability.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hole layout design parameters include at least the hole spacing, row spacing and extra depth of the slotted holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes; wherein, the slotted holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are holes in the three major sections of the polygonal hole layout; implementers may also determine other hole layout design parameters according to actual needs.

[0027] The borehole layout design parameters provide relevant references for the spatial arrangement and structural dimensions of boreholes in the blasting area of ​​the tunnel; the slotted holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes divide the functional areas of the blasting section, providing relevant references for the rock breaking sequence and spatial evolution; the hole spacing determines the stress wave superposition effect between boreholes in the same row, providing relevant references for the borehole distribution density and the rock breaking range of a single hole; the row spacing defines the resistance line thickness between adjacent rows of boreholes, providing relevant references for the rock breaking volume and the transfer of explosive energy; the extra-deep dimension characterizes the extension depth of the borehole beyond the design advance, providing relevant references for overcoming the rock mass clamping effect at the bottom of the hole and avoiding blasting root marks.

[0028] It should be noted that the raw data collected for each indicator type needs to be preprocessed: first, data cleaning is performed to remove outliers and fill in missing values. This is a well-known technique and will not be elaborated further.

[0029] Step S2: Based on the similarity of basic engineering information, select historical reference projects from all historical blasting projects for the current blasting project, and determine the basic hole layout parameters for the current blasting project based on the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project.

[0030] Since the hole layout for blasting in mine tunnels mainly depends on the engineering foundation at the mine tunnel site, and a large number of completed historical blasting projects contain field-verified hole layout design parameters and blasting effect data, which have high reuse value, this embodiment of the invention first performs multi-dimensional working condition similarity measurement between historical blasting projects and current blasting projects based on the similarity of engineering foundation information, and selects historical reference projects that are highly consistent with the current blasting working conditions, providing historical benchmarks for the subsequent precise dynamic adjustment of hole layout parameters, so as to determine the basic hole layout parameters of the current blasting project.

[0031] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that the preprocessed parameters under each index type in the basic engineering information can provide engineering condition information, the differences between engineering conditions can be comprehensively measured from multiple perspectives to determine the engineering condition similarity index. The engineering condition similarity index provides a measure of engineering similarity, which can then provide a basis for the selection of historical reference projects; therefore, the method for obtaining historical reference projects includes: Between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project, the consistency of mineral composition and surrounding rock grade is determined. If they are consistent, the corresponding similarity parameter between the projects is 1; otherwise, it is 0. The similarity parameter of the cross section between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the cross section profiles. The similarity parameter of the advance between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the design cycle advance. The similarity parameters corresponding to mineral composition, surrounding rock grade, cross-sectional profile and design cycle advance are weighted and fused to obtain the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project; when the working condition similarity index is greater than the preset similarity threshold, the corresponding historical blasting project is used as the historical reference project of the current blasting project.

[0032] Specifically, taking the current blasting project and any historical blasting project as examples, the similarity index of the working conditions between them is calculated; Extract the mineral composition information of each project, determine the main components, i.e., the components with a preset quantity (such as the top 3) before the content ranking, compare the consistency of the main components of the current blasting project with those of the historical blasting projects. When they are completely consistent (regardless of order), set the similarity parameter between the projects to 1; otherwise, set it to 0. In other examples, component vectors can also be constructed based on components and content, and the similarity parameter between projects can be determined by vector similarity. Extract the surrounding rock grade (I-VI, a total of 6 grades) for each project, and determine the consistency of the surrounding rock grade between the current blasting project and the historical blasting projects. When they are completely consistent, set the similarity parameter between the projects to 1, otherwise set it to 0. In other examples, the numerical difference between grades can also be taken and negatively correlated and normalized, such as dividing by the maximum grade value and then subtracting the quotient from 1 to obtain the similarity parameter. Extract the cross-sectional profile (including dimensions and form) of each project. First, determine whether the cross-sectional forms are consistent. If they are inconsistent, set the similarity parameter between the projects to 0. If the cross-sectional forms are consistent, further compare the absolute value of the area difference (unit: m²) between the cross-sectional profiles based on the dimensions. Divide the absolute value of the area difference by the largest cross-sectional area of ​​the two projects to remove the dimension, and then perform negative correlation normalization. For example, use 1 minus the quotient to obtain the similarity parameter, or map it to exp(-x) to obtain the similarity parameter. Alternatively, calculate the difference in the aspect ratio between the cross-sectional profiles, and then perform negative correlation normalization to obtain the similarity parameter. Or, directly measure the geometric and topological similarity of the cross-sections to determine the similarity parameter. Extract the design cycle advance (unit: m) for each project, calculate the absolute value of the difference between the design cycle advance of the current blasting project and the historical blasting projects, divide the absolute value of the difference by the maximum design cycle advance of the two projects to remove the dimension, and perform negative correlation normalization, such as using 1 to subtract the quotient to obtain the similarity parameter, or mapping it to exp(-x) to obtain the similarity parameter; Then, with weights of 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.3 respectively, the similarity parameters corresponding to mineral composition, surrounding rock grade, cross-sectional profile, and design cycle advance are weighted and summed to obtain the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and historical blasting projects. The weight allocation is determined by expert scoring or principal component analysis based on historical data (blasting energy distribution or rock breaking efficiency experimental data), and the implementer can also adjust it themselves. Further, a preset similarity threshold can be set, which is set to 0.9 in this example. Implementers can also adjust it according to the actual situation. When the working condition similarity index is greater than the preset similarity threshold, the corresponding historical blasting project will be used as the historical reference project of the current blasting project. In other examples, the historical blasting projects with a preset ratio of, for example, the top 10% of highly similar historical blasting projects before sorting can be directly used as historical reference projects.

[0033] At this point, all historical reference projects for the current blasting project can be screened out. Furthermore, based on the prior hole layout references provided by the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project, the basic hole layout parameters for the current blasting project can be determined.

[0034] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that the higher the similarity index of historical reference projects with working conditions to the current blasting project, the greater the reference value of their hole layout design parameters, otherwise deviations or interference may be introduced; therefore, the method for obtaining the basic hole layout parameters includes: For each hole layout design parameter, the parameters corresponding to each historical reference project are weighted using the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical reference project. The weighted average result between the current blasting project and all historical reference projects is used as the basic hole layout parameter.

[0035] Specifically, for each hole layout design parameter, taking the hole spacing of the slotted holes as an example, the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical reference project is used as the weight to weight the hole spacing of the slotted holes in the historical reference projects (the specific operation is multiplication). The weighted average result of the hole spacing of the slotted holes in all historical reference projects is used as the basic hole spacing (basic hole layout parameter) of the slotted holes estimated in the current blasting project.

[0036] Similarly, the basic row spacing and basic depth of the slotted holes, the basic hole spacing, basic row spacing and basic depth of the auxiliary holes, and the basic hole spacing, basic row spacing and basic depth of the peripheral holes can be determined, which will not be elaborated further.

[0037] Step S3: Based on the engineering foundation information of the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the engineering foundation information of all historical reference projects, and combined with the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in all historical reference projects, obtain the hole layout correction coefficient.

[0038] While current blasting projects and historical reference projects maintain a high degree of matching in terms of macroscopic lithological composition and engineering foundation, significant discrepancies may exist in specific rock mechanics, joints and fractures, and the precision of drilling equipment used on-site under actual microscopic geological environments and construction conditions. These discrepancies will directly affect the matching efficiency of explosives and rock mass, control of surrounding rock damage, and the actual feasibility of hole layout. If the basic hole layout parameters are directly used for hole layout, the hole layout scheme may not fully match the actual resistance and equipment conditions on site, thus affecting the hole layout blasting effect. Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention will measure the deviations in rock mechanics, joints and fissures, and the accuracy of drilling equipment used on the construction site based on the current blasting project and all historical reference projects, thereby determining the hole layout correction parameters and providing a basis for subsequent adaptive fine-tuning of the basic hole layout parameters.

[0039] Preferably, please refer to Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates a method for obtaining a hole correction coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including: Step S301: Rock mass mechanical parameters, rock mass integrity coefficient, and borehole positioning error are respectively used as parameters under the correction reference index.

[0040] To facilitate subsequent analysis and description, one embodiment of the present invention first uses rock mass mechanical parameters, rock mass integrity coefficient, and borehole positioning error as parameters under correction reference indicators, so that subsequent analysis and description can be carried out from the perspective of each correction reference indicator.

[0041] Step S302: For each correction reference index, the reference index parameter is determined based on the concentrated characteristics of the corresponding index parameter in the historical reference project, and the correction parameter is determined based on the deviation of the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project from the reference index parameter.

[0042] Rock mass mechanics parameters (such as uniaxial compressive strength, which characterizes the uniaxial compressive failure stress of a rock block under unconfined conditions, unit: MPa) determine the rock breaking energy requirement. If the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock in the current blasting project is higher than that of the rock in historical reference projects, using the basic hole layout parameters provided by the historical benchmark may result in insufficient energy per hole. By measuring the deviation of the uniaxial compressive strength, the hole layout can be directionally densified to increase the local energy density for rock breaking. The rock mass integrity coefficient (a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the degree of fracture development on the side, ranging from 0 to 1; the larger the value, the more difficult the rock mass is to be broken by blasting) determines the ease of breaking the surrounding rock. If the rock in the current blasting project has a higher integrity coefficient than the rock in historical reference projects, using the basic hole layout parameters provided by the historical benchmark may result in insufficient blasting energy to effectively break the rock mass. Measuring the deviation of the rock mass integrity coefficient can help guide the densification of hole layout to enhance the breaking capacity. Drilling positioning error (characterizing the geometric linear distance deviation between the actual hole coordinates and the designed hole position coordinates of the drilling equipment on the working surface, unit: cm) determines the spatial tolerance rate during drilling. It can be obtained through on-site drilling rig calibration tests or by statistically analyzing the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of historical drilling deviations. If the drilling positioning error in the current blasting project is larger than that in historical reference projects, the deep boreholes are prone to deviate and spread out, creating blasting blind zones. Measuring the deviation of drilling positioning error can drive the widening of the hole spacing to improve the tolerance for positioning error. Based on this, for each correction reference index, the reference index parameter can first be determined based on the concentrated characteristics of the corresponding index parameter in historical reference projects, and then the correction parameter can be determined based on the deviation of the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project relative to the reference index parameter; the correction parameter initially provides a reference for the relevant adjustment and correction of the hole layout.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the correction parameter includes: For the correction reference indexes of rock mass mechanics parameters and rock mass integrity coefficient, the reference index parameters are used as the numerator, the corresponding index parameters in the current blasting project are used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter. For the reference index for correcting borehole positioning errors, the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project is used as the numerator, the reference index parameter is used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter.

[0044] As an example, using the mean to represent the characteristics of the set, and taking rock mechanics parameters (such as uniaxial compressive strength) as an example, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks extracted from all historical reference projects is averaged to obtain the reference compressive strength (reference index parameter); the reference compressive strength is used as the numerator, the uniaxial compressive strength extracted from the current blasting project is used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter under the corresponding correction reference index of the rock mechanics parameters (such as uniaxial compressive strength); In practical engineering applications, the uniaxial compressive strength of rock cannot be zero, so the denominator cannot be zero. At the same time, the numerator and denominator have the same dimensions, and the ratio (correction parameter) after calculation is a dimensionless parameter. The larger the uniaxial compressive strength extracted in the current blasting project, the larger the denominator and the smaller the correction parameter. Subsequently, the hole spacing can be appropriately reduced to improve local energy rock breaking. Similarly, the correction parameters for each of the other correction reference indices (rock mass integrity coefficient and borehole positioning error) can be determined. In other embodiments, the correction parameter can also be calculated using a logarithmic ratio or a piecewise function. For example, the natural logarithm of the ratio can be taken, and the logarithm can be increased by adding a constant 1 to obtain the correction parameter, so that the correction parameter is smoother.

[0045] In practical engineering applications, the rock mass integrity coefficient is usually a constant greater than 0, so the denominator cannot be 0; the ratio (correction parameter) after calculation is a dimensionless parameter; the larger the rock mass integrity coefficient extracted in the current blasting project, the larger the denominator and the smaller the correction parameter. Subsequently, the hole spacing can be appropriately reduced to enhance the breaking capacity. The drilling positioning error is obtained from the design specifications of the engineering drilling equipment and is a systematic error. The systematic error is usually an interval value. In this embodiment, the interval span value (i.e., the absolute value of the difference between the upper and lower limits) is taken as the drilling positioning error. In actual engineering applications, it is impossible for it to be 0, so the denominator cannot be 0. At the same time, the numerator and denominator have the same dimensions, and the ratio (correction parameter) after calculation is a dimensionless parameter. The larger the drilling positioning error extracted in the current blasting project, the larger the numerator and the larger the correction parameter. In the future, the hole spacing can be appropriately widened to improve the fault tolerance of positioning error.

[0046] Step S303: Based on the parameter set characteristics of each modified reference index in all historical reference projects, obtain the reference weight of each modified reference index; use the reference weight to weight and average the corresponding modified parameters to obtain the hole layout correction coefficient.

[0047] For each correction reference index, if the distribution of its index parameters is relatively discrete or there is extreme value interference, its representativeness is relatively weak, and the reliability of the evaluated correction coefficient is also relatively weak. Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention further obtain the reference weight of each correction reference index based on the parameter set characteristics of each correction reference index in all historical reference projects, and then obtain the aperture correction coefficient.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, considering that taking the intermediate interval can focus on the main distribution of parameters, eliminate extreme value interference, and retain the typical fluctuation range under normal operating conditions, thereby measuring the parameter dispersion to obtain reference weights; therefore, the method for obtaining reference weights includes: For each corrected reference index, the corresponding index parameters in the historical reference projects are sorted sequentially, the parameter ranges that are in the preset middle proportion are extracted, and the reference weights are determined based on the range of the parameter ranges.

[0049] Specifically, taking rock mechanics parameters (such as uniaxial compressive strength) as an example, all uniaxial compressive strengths extracted from historical reference projects are sorted in ascending order. In this example, the preset middle ratio is set to the middle 60%, that is, the highest 20% and the lowest 20% are removed, and the uniaxial compressive strengths sorted in the middle 60% are retained, thus obtaining a parameter range. The absolute value of the difference between the upper and lower limits of the parameter range is calculated to evaluate the range span. Then, the range span is negatively correlated and normalized. For example, it is first divided by the reference compressive strength (the mean of uniaxial compressive strength) to remove the dimension, and then mapped to the negative exponential function exp(-x) to obtain the reference weight, so that the larger the range span, the smaller the reference weight.

[0050] It should be noted that there may be cases where all uniaxial compressive strengths are the same. In such cases, it is impossible to filter out the parameter range, so the reference weight is directly set to 1.

[0051] Similarly, the reference weights for each of the other correction reference indices (rock mass integrity coefficient and borehole positioning error) can be determined. Implementers can also adjust the preset intermediate ratio to determine the parameter range. Finally, the corresponding correction parameters are weighted and averaged using the reference weights to obtain the borehole layout correction coefficient. The weighted averaging first requires dividing each reference weight by the sum of all reference weights to obtain the weighted weight (the sum of all weighted weights is 1). This is a well-known technical method and will not be elaborated further.

[0052] It should be noted that, in order to prevent the calculated borehole correction coefficient from being too large or too small due to sudden geological changes, which could lead to physical engineering accidents such as the inability to drill or serious blasting failure, a preset safety correction range, such as [0.7, 1.3], should be set for the borehole correction coefficient. If the calculated value exceeds this range, it should be forcibly limited to the corresponding range boundary value.

[0053] In another embodiment of the present invention, a weighted geometric mean can be used instead of the above-mentioned weighted (arithmetic) mean. That is, the reference weight is used as the power exponent, the result of the exponentiation is used as the weighted result of the corresponding correction reference index, and then all weighted results are multiplied together and the amplitude is limited to obtain the aperture correction coefficient.

[0054] The smaller the hole layout correction coefficient, the harder and more intact the rock in the current blasting project and the higher the drilling accuracy, so the hole spacing can be appropriately reduced to increase the density of the hole layout; conversely, the softer and more fragmented the rock in the current blasting project and the lower the drilling accuracy, so the hole spacing can be increased to widen the hole layout.

[0055] Step S4: Correct the basic hole layout parameters using the hole layout correction coefficient to determine the broken line hole layout parameters for the current blasting project.

[0056] After obtaining the hole layout correction coefficient, the basic hole layout parameters can be further corrected, thereby fine-tuning the hole layout on the historical benchmark and determining the polygonal hole layout parameters for the current blasting project.

[0057] For each type of hole spacing and row spacing, these hole layout design parameters are spatially represented as spacing, and their value determines the distribution density of the boreholes. By directly multiplying and integrating them with the hole layout correction coefficient, the hole spacing can be reduced to increase the density of the holes when the rock is harder and more intact and the drilling accuracy is higher. As for the extra depth of each type of hole, this parameter is used to characterize the extra depth of the drilling beyond the designed cycle footage. Its physical function is to overcome the clamping effect at the bottom of the rock. Dividing it by the hole layout correction factor can correct it in the opposite direction. That is, the harder and more intact the rock, the deeper the bottom of the hole needs to be. By dividing it by the hole layout correction factor, the extra depth can be amplified in the opposite direction, thereby ensuring that a larger extra depth is output under hard rock conditions to prevent blasting root damage. Based on this, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the zigzag hole parameters includes: The hole spacing and row spacing of each type of hole are weighted by the hole layout correction factor to obtain the corrected hole spacing and corrected row spacing; the extra depth of each type of hole is divided by the hole layout correction factor to obtain the corrected extra depth.

[0058] Specifically, for each hole layout design parameter, taking the basic hole spacing of the slotted holes as an example, multiply it by the hole layout correction coefficient to obtain the corrected hole spacing of the slotted holes; similarly, the corrected row spacing of the slotted holes, the corrected hole spacing and row spacing of the auxiliary holes, and the corrected hole spacing and row spacing of the peripheral holes can be obtained; divide the basic over-depth of the slotted holes by the hole layout correction coefficient to obtain the corrected over-depth of the slotted holes; similarly, the corrected over-depth of the auxiliary holes and the corrected over-depth of the peripheral holes can be obtained; the above correction results are the polygonal hole layout parameters for the current blasting project.

[0059] It should be noted that the correction depth should not exceed the fixed proportion of the designed cycle advance (such as 10%-15%). Therefore, it is necessary to limit the depth to avoid exceeding the preset proportion. The correction result after the limit treatment is the broken line hole layout parameter of the current blasting project.

[0060] Once the parameters for the polygonal hole layout are determined, the polygonal hole layout scheme for the current blasting project can be further determined. This is an existing technical method, which is briefly described here: Based on the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the current blasting project, the cross-sectional outline is divided into a cut area, an auxiliary area, and a peripheral area. The cut area is located slightly below the center of the cross-section and is usually arranged in a rectangular or wedge shape. The auxiliary area extends outward from the cut area to a certain distance from the resistance line of the peripheral area. The peripheral area is arranged along the cross-sectional outline. Based on the above-determined polygonal hole layout parameters, holes can be laid out point by point in each area of ​​the cross-sectional outline, and a CAD cross-sectional polygonal hole layout diagram can be output, marking the position, number, inclination angle, and depth of each hole.

[0061] It should be noted that once the blasting project is completed, it can be included in the archive database to provide case references for subsequent hole layout optimization.

[0062] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a polygonal hole layout optimization system for blasting areas in tunnels and shafts. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the polygonal hole layout optimization method for blasting areas in tunnels and shafts as described in steps S1-S4.

[0063] In summary, this invention collects basic engineering information of the current blasting project and full-element information of each historical blasting project. Based on the similarity of the basic engineering information, it selects historical reference projects from all historical blasting projects for the current blasting project and determines the basic hole layout parameters of the current blasting project based on the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project. Based on the basic engineering information of the current blasting project, and the deviation of the central characteristics of the basic engineering information of all historical reference projects, combined with the deviation of the central characteristics of the drilling positioning errors of the drilling equipment in the current blasting project, and the deviation of the central characteristics of the drilling positioning errors of the drilling equipment in all historical reference projects, a hole layout correction coefficient is obtained. The hole layout correction coefficient is used to correct the basic hole layout parameters to determine the polygonal hole layout parameters of the current blasting project. This invention optimizes the polygonal hole layout in the tunnel blasting area by matching historical similar blasting projects and comparing blasting condition deviations, quantifying rock mass characteristics and equipment deviations to adaptively adjust hole layout parameters, thereby improving the economy and safety of blasting design.

[0064] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting zone of a mine shaft, characterized in that, The method includes: Collect basic engineering information for the current blasting project and full-element information for each historical blasting project. The basic engineering information includes at least engineering design parameters and tunnel rock mass parameters, and the full-element information includes at least basic engineering information and hole layout design parameters. Based on the similarity of the basic engineering information, historical reference projects for the current blasting project are selected from all historical blasting projects, and the basic hole layout parameters for the current blasting project are determined based on the hole layout design parameters of each historical reference project. Based on the engineering basic information of the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the engineering basic information of all historical reference projects, and combined with the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in the current blasting project, the deviation of the concentrated characteristics of the drilling positioning error of the drilling equipment in all historical reference projects, the hole layout correction coefficient is obtained. The basic hole layout parameters are corrected using the hole layout correction coefficient to determine the polygonal hole layout parameters for the current blasting project.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The engineering design parameters should include at least the cross-sectional profile and the design cycle advance; the tunnel rock mass parameters should include at least the surrounding rock grade, mineral composition, rock mass integrity coefficient and rock mass mechanical parameters.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole layout design parameters should include at least the hole spacing, row spacing, and extra depth of the slotted holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The methods for obtaining the historical reference project include: Between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project, the consistency of the mineral composition and the surrounding rock grade is determined. If they are consistent, the corresponding similarity parameter between the projects is set to 1; otherwise, it is set to 0. The similarity parameter of the cross section between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the cross section profiles. The similarity parameter of the advance between the projects is calculated based on the difference between the designed cycle advance. The mineral composition, the surrounding rock grade, the cross-sectional profile, and the design cycle advance are weighted and fused to obtain the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical blasting project; when the working condition similarity index is greater than the preset similarity threshold, the corresponding historical blasting project is used as the historical reference project of the current blasting project.

5. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the basic hole layout parameters includes: For each hole layout design parameter, the corresponding parameter of each historical reference project is weighted using the working condition similarity index between the current blasting project and each historical reference project, and the weighted average result between the current blasting project and all historical reference projects is used as the basic hole layout parameter.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the aperture correction coefficient includes: Rock mass mechanics parameters, rock mass integrity coefficient, and borehole positioning error are respectively used as parameters under the correction reference index; For each correction reference index, the reference index parameter is determined based on the concentrated characteristics of the corresponding index parameter in historical reference projects, and the correction parameter is determined based on the deviation of the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project relative to the reference index parameter. Based on the parameter set characteristics of each modified reference index in all historical reference projects, the reference weight of each modified reference index is obtained; the corresponding modified parameters are weighted and averaged using the reference weights to obtain the hole layout correction coefficient.

7. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the correction parameters includes: For the correction reference indexes of rock mass mechanics parameters and rock mass integrity coefficient, the reference index parameters are used as the numerator, the corresponding index parameters in the current blasting project are used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter. For the reference index for correcting borehole positioning errors, the corresponding index parameter in the current blasting project is used as the numerator, the reference index parameter is used as the denominator, and the ratio is used as the correction parameter.

8. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the reference weights includes: For each corrected reference index, the corresponding index parameters in the historical reference projects are sorted sequentially, the parameter ranges that are in the preset middle proportion are extracted, and the reference weights are determined based on the range of the parameter ranges.

9. The method for optimizing the layout of holes along a broken line in a blasting area of ​​a mine tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the hole parameters of the polygonal pattern includes: The hole spacing and row spacing of each type of hole are weighted using the hole correction coefficient to obtain the corrected hole spacing and corrected row spacing; the extra depth of each type of hole is divided by the hole correction coefficient to obtain the corrected extra depth.

10. A system for optimizing the layout of boreholes in a tunnel blasting area, the system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method for optimizing the layout of holes in a tunnel blasting area as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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