A compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit and an immersed liquid-cooled energy storage system

Abstract

This invention discloses a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit and an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system. The energy storage unit includes: a housing made of concrete, the interior of which is directly enclosed by the housing walls to form at least one independent compartment; a door, independently provided for the opening of each compartment, with a sealing structure between the door and the housing; a guide bearing structure located inside each compartment; and an encapsulated battery module located inside the compartment and slidably connected to the guide bearing structure, which can be pushed into or pulled out of the compartment along the guide bearing structure. This invention achieves a high degree of integration of the energy storage unit by directly enclosing the compartments with the housing; each compartment is independently sealed and pressure-bearing, allowing the battery module to be immersed in a cooling medium during application, using water-based coolant instead of expensive insulating liquid, significantly reducing system costs; simultaneously, immersion cooling achieves efficient heat dissipation and integrated fire protection, and the independent compartment design confines thermal runaway to a single compartment, significantly improving system safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and more specifically to a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit and an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electrochemical energy storage power stations typically adopt the form of standardized energy storage units, integrating battery clusters, battery management systems, thermal management systems, and fire protection systems into a single energy storage container or cabinet.

[0003] Existing energy storage containers are mostly made of metal shells. Although metal shells have a certain structural strength, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery, the high temperatures (reaching 600℃ to 1000℃ or higher) can easily cause the shell to deform, bend, or even burn through and collapse, making it easy for fire to spread. Therefore, the fire protection rating of existing energy storage containers is relatively low, which means that a certain fireproof distance (generally ≥3m) needs to be left between adjacent energy storage containers when they are arranged on site. In addition, energy storage containers themselves cannot be stacked, resulting in a low energy density and a large footprint for the entire energy storage power station.

[0004] To address these issues, in recent years, technical solutions have emerged that utilize concrete to construct energy storage chambers (or cabinets) to enhance safety by leveraging concrete's high strength and non-combustible properties. However, existing concrete energy storage structures still suffer from the following shortcomings in practical applications: the chamber only provides storage space, the energy storage function is primarily realized by independent energy storage units (e.g., battery packs or energy storage boxes), the chamber and energy storage units are separate structures with low integration, failing to fully utilize the structural advantages of the concrete chamber itself, and space utilization and structural efficiency need to be improved.

[0005] Furthermore, in existing immersion liquid-cooled energy storage systems, the waterproof encapsulation structure of battery cells mostly adopts integral potting sealant or one-time welding sealant. Once the seal fails or the battery module needs maintenance, it is impossible to remove the battery module without damaging the encapsulation, resulting in high maintenance costs. At the same time, when multiple battery modules are integrated, the inter-string connection wires are exposed outside the encapsulation, becoming a weak point in waterproofing and making it very easy for the cooling medium to seep in and cause electrical short circuits.

[0006] It should be noted that the above description of the background technology is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete explanation of the technical solutions of this application and facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art. It should not be assumed that these technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art simply because they have been described in the background technology section of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit and a submerged liquid-cooled energy storage system to solve the problems of low integration of energy storage units and inconvenient installation and maintenance in existing submerged energy storage systems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit, comprising: The cabin is made of concrete, and its interior is directly enclosed by the walls of the cabin to form at least one independent compartment. Each compartment has an independently provided door, and a sealing structure is provided between the door and the compartment body to achieve independent sealing and pressure bearing of the compartment when the door is closed. A guide-bearing structure is provided inside each of the compartments; An encapsulated battery module is disposed within the compartment and slidably connected to the guide support structure, and can be pushed into or pulled out of the compartment along the guide support structure.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the opening of the compartment is located on the side of the compartment body; The sealing structure includes a sealing groove disposed around the opening of the cabin and a sealing ring embedded in the sealing groove of the cabin door; The hatch is pivotally connected to the cabin body; or, the hatch is pivotally connected to the cabin body via a door frame, and the door frame is fixed to the cabin body via embedded parts pre-embedded around the opening of the cabin body. The guide bearing structure includes a track beam, which is disposed along the height direction on opposite side walls inside the compartment.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage unit further includes a piping system embedded in the concrete structure of the cabin, the piping system comprising: A liquid supply pipe is introduced from outside the cabin or pre-embedded in the cabin, and branch liquid supply pipes are respectively connected to each of the compartments to supply cooling medium or fire-fighting medium to each compartment. The return pipes are led out from each of the compartments, collected and led out from the corresponding positions of the compartments, for the circulation and return of the medium; The cooling medium is a water-based coolant.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the piping system further includes one or more of the following: A sprinkler pipe, either connected to the liquid supply pipe or independently installed, is used to spray fire extinguishing medium into the compartment in fire-fighting mode. An overflow vent pipe is installed in the chamber and branches off to each compartment. It is used to discharge excess medium when the liquid level exceeds a set value, and / or to drain the circulating medium in the compartment during maintenance.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage unit further includes a pressure relief safety device disposed in each of the compartments, for automatically activating pressure relief when the pressure inside the compartment exceeds a set threshold; and / or, Each of the compartments is also equipped with a liquid level monitoring device and an environmental monitoring device. The liquid level monitoring device is used to monitor the liquid level in the compartment, and the environmental monitoring device is used to monitor the environmental parameters in the compartment.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the packaged battery module includes: Battery module; A waterproof encapsulation body is wrapped around the outside of the battery module to form a sealed waterproof cavity; The bracket is located outside the waterproof enclosure and is detachably connected to the battery module.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the waterproof encapsulation body includes: The accommodating body forms an accommodating space for accommodating the battery module; A cover that detachably covers the opening of the receiving body; A sealing medium is provided in the connection area between the cover and the accommodating body, and the sealing medium is configured to separate the cover from the accommodating body by breaking the sealing medium.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sealing medium includes an adhesive tape and / or an auxiliary sealing layer covering the adhesive tape.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit, comprising: any of the above-mentioned energy storage units; The compartment is filled with a cooling medium, and the encapsulated battery module is immersed in the cooling medium.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cabin is a building component, and the combination of multiple cabins directly forms the main structure of the energy storage station. The energy storage system also includes one or more of the following components, which are integrated into or adjacent to the energy storage station: A water tank, connected to the piping system of the energy storage unit, is used to store cooling medium and / or fire-fighting medium; An energy storage converter is electrically connected to the energy storage unit; The transformer is electrically connected to the energy storage converter.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This application provides a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit. The compartment is made of concrete, and its interior is directly enclosed by the walls to form independent compartments. This allows the compartment itself to simultaneously bear structural and energy storage functions, significantly simplifying the structure and improving integration. Each compartment has an independent door and sealing structure, achieving independent sealing and pressure bearing. When one compartment requires maintenance, the other compartments can continue to operate normally, significantly improving system availability and maintenance efficiency. The guide bearing structure inside the compartments allows for the rapid insertion or removal of encapsulated battery modules, greatly shortening maintenance time. The independent compartment design achieves true physical isolation. In the event of thermal runaway in one compartment, high temperatures, flames, and harmful gases are confined within that compartment, preventing them from spreading to other compartments, significantly improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0019] Building upon this foundation, this application further provides an immersion-type liquid-cooled energy storage system. Through a design that fills the compartment with cooling medium and immerses the encapsulated battery modules within it, it integrates immersion liquid cooling with immersion fire protection. The encapsulated battery modules completely seal the battery modules and their electrical connections, physically isolating them from the cooling medium. This allows the use of low-cost water-based coolants instead of expensive insulating coolants, significantly reducing system costs. Simultaneously, the heat dissipated by the battery modules is directly transferred to the cooling medium through the waterproof enclosure, resulting in a short heat conduction path, high heat dissipation efficiency, and effectively extending battery life. This system can be widely applied in electrochemical energy storage power stations, data center backup power supplies, and other scenarios with high requirements for safety and heat dissipation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a compartmentalized sealed pressure-bearing concrete energy storage unit provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of its decomposed structure.

[0022] Figure 3 For based on Figure 2 An exploded diagram illustrating the connection relationship between the door frame, hatch, and sealing ring.

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal piping layout of the provided energy storage unit.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an encapsulated battery module provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of its decomposed structure.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a battery module provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a cross-section of the waterproof enclosure along line AA, where, for clarity... The connection area structure is displayed, but the battery module is not shown.

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of one embodiment at point B, schematically showing the double-layer structure of the sealing medium.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a station-type energy storage system provided by the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10-Energy storage unit, 11-Carrier, 110-Compartment, 111-Railway beam, 12-Door, 13-Door frame, 131- Sealing structure, 131a-sealing groove, 131b-sealing ring; 20-Pipeline system, 21-Supply pipe, 22-Return pipe, 23-Spray pipe, 24-Overflow vent pipe, 25- Explosion relief valve; 301-Packaged battery module; 31-Battery module, 311-Battery cell, 312-End plate, 3121-First connecting hole, 3122-Lifting hole, 313-Constraint strap; 32-Bracket, 321-Sub-bracket, 3211-Second connecting hole, 322-Roller; 33-Waterproof encapsulation body, 331-Containing body, 332-Cover body, 3321-Cover body connection part, 333-Clearing space, 334-Interface structure, 335-Connection area, 336-Sealing medium, 336a-Adhesive tape, 336b-Auxiliary sealing layer; 100 - Station-type energy storage system, G - Floor, 41 - Bottom water tank, 42 ​​- Fireproof partition wall, 43 - Maintenance platform, 44 - Top water tank, 45 - Transformer box. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0032] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This application provides a compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit 10 (hereinafter referred to as energy storage unit 10).

[0033] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage unit 10 includes a housing 11 made of concrete. The housing 11 can be a monolithic cast structure or assembled from multiple precast concrete components. The interior of the housing 11 is directly enclosed by its walls to form at least one independent compartment 110, each compartment 110 having an opening for the encapsulated battery module 301. In this application, the energy storage unit 11 is preferably constructed in a cuboid configuration, and multiple energy storage units 10 can be stacked or arranged side-by-side to form a larger-scale energy storage system.

[0034] The number and arrangement of compartments 110 can be set according to actual needs, for example, along the horizontal ( Figure 2 (x-axis direction), horizontal and vertical directions) Figure 2 (in the y-axis direction) and the height direction ( Figure 2 At least one compartment 110 is provided in one or more directions (z-axis direction). For example, in one embodiment, the number of compartments 110 is set to six, including three arranged side by side along the horizontal transverse direction (x-axis direction) and two arranged side by side along the vertical direction (z-axis direction), forming a 3×2 matrix layout.

[0035] Each compartment 110 has an independent hatch 12 at its corresponding opening, which is used to open or close its corresponding opening. The hatch 12 is preferably cast from concrete and has an internal steel reinforcement frame (not shown) to enhance its structural strength and fire resistance. In other alternative embodiments, the hatch 12 may also be made of other materials such as metal.

[0036] refer to Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, a door frame 13 can be provided at the opening, and the hatch 12 is pivotally connected to the door frame 13. The door frame 13 can be fixed to the hatch 11 by pre-embedded parts (such as hooks) around the opening of the hatch 11 to ensure that the door frame 13 and the hatch 11 are firmly and reliably installed. The pre-embedded parts can adopt multi-point fixing technology to ensure the stability and reliability of the door frame 13 in the concrete structure.

[0037] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a sealing structure 131 is provided between the hatch 12 and the compartment 11 (or between the hatch 12 and the door frame 13) to achieve independent sealing of the compartment 110 when the hatch 12 is closed. For example, a sealing structure 131 formed by the cooperation of a sealing groove 131a and a sealing ring 131b is provided between the hatch 12 and the door frame 13. The sealing groove 131a is provided in the door frame 13, and the sealing ring 131b is embedded in the mounting groove of the hatch 12. When the hatch 12 is closed, the sealing ring 131b and the sealing groove 131a fit tightly together to form a reliable seal. This design can effectively prevent leakage of the medium inside the compartment 110 and ensure the independent sealing and pressure-bearing performance of the compartment 110.

[0038] It should be noted that the "independent sealed pressure bearing" described in this application has two meanings: first, the compartment 110 can withstand the static pressure generated by the cooling medium during normal operation, ensuring no leakage during long-term operation; second, the compartment 110 can withstand the instantaneous impact pressure generated when the encapsulated battery module 301 experiences thermal runaway, ensuring that high-temperature and high-pressure gas does not leak to other compartments 110 or the outside of the body 11. It is understood that the specific pressure bearing value can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario; for example, for high-layer stacked energy storage systems, the design pressure can be increased accordingly.

[0039] In addition, the inner wall of each compartment 110 is provided with a waterproof coating or waterproof structure, so that the interior of the compartment 110 forms an independent waterproof sealed cavity, which can ensure that the medium does not leak to the outside of the compartment 11 or other compartments 110 even when it is submerged for a long time.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, each compartment 110 is equipped with a guide bearing structure. In one embodiment, the guide bearing structure includes a track beam 111, which is arranged in two opposing rows on opposite side walls inside the compartment 110 along the height direction. The track beam 111 divides the internal space of the compartment 110 into several layers along the height direction for accommodating the encapsulated battery module 301 in layers.

[0041] As one implementation, an angled joint plate (not shown) may be embedded at the corner of the support surface of the track beam 111 to enhance the support strength and wear resistance.

[0042] The encapsulated battery module 301 can be pushed into or pulled out of the compartment 110 along the track beam 111. For clarity, Figure 2 The illustration shows only one encapsulated battery module 301 disposed in one of the compartments 110.

[0043] In one embodiment, a sliding element is provided between the bracket 32 ​​and the track beam 111 to ensure smoothness and guiding accuracy during the pushing and pulling process, while reducing friction and wear.

[0044] As one implementation method, such as Figure 6 As shown, the sliding element can be a roller 322, which can be located at the bottom or side of the bracket 32 ​​and roll in contact with the guide surface of the track beam 111.

[0045] As an alternative implementation, the slider can be a sliding pad made of a wear-resistant material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) and disposed between the contact surfaces of the bracket 32 ​​and the track beam 111, so as to achieve smooth pushing and pulling through sliding friction.

[0046] In practical applications, multiple encapsulated battery modules 301 are inserted along the height direction in each compartment 110, and multiple encapsulated battery modules 301 are connected in series to form a battery cluster.

[0047] It should be noted that the concrete materials mentioned in this application may include one or more of the following: cement, aggregates, admixtures (such as silica fume and fly ash), reinforcing fibers (such as synthetic fibers and steel fibers), and additives (such as water-reducing agents and expanding agents) to meet the requirements of strength, durability, and crack resistance. The compressive strength of ordinary concrete is generally between 20-60 MPa, while the compressive strength of ultra-high performance concrete is generally above 150 MPa, and some can reach above 200 MPa. Currently, the ultimate compressive strength of concrete can reach 600 MPa. In some embodiments, the chamber 11 may be made of ordinary concrete or ultra-high performance concrete, and its interior may be reinforced with steel bars or incorporating synthetic fibers to enhance its overall performance.

[0048] Please see Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the piping layout for the energy storage unit 10. The energy storage unit 10 includes a piping system 20 and a pressure relief safety device. The piping system 20 is embedded in the concrete structure of the cabin 11, and the main pipes are completely covered by non-combustible concrete material, fundamentally eliminating the fire hazard caused by pipeline aging and damage, and achieving inherent safety of the piping system. Understandably, depending on actual engineering needs, some connection interfaces or branch pipes can be set on the surface of the cabin 11 for easy maintenance.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the piping system 20 includes a liquid supply pipe 21, a return pipe 22, a spray pipe 23, and an overflow vent pipe 24.

[0050] Specifically, the liquid supply pipe 21 is introduced from the outside of the compartment 11 or pre-embedded in the concrete structure of the compartment 11, and several liquid supply branch pipes are branched out to connect to each compartment 110 respectively, for supplying cooling medium or fire-fighting medium to each compartment 110.

[0051] The return pipe 22 is led out from each compartment 110, and after being collected, it is led out from the corresponding position of the body 11 (e.g., led out from one side, multiple sides or bottom of the body 11, or pre-embedded in the concrete structure) for the circulation and return of the medium.

[0052] The sprinkler pipe 23 is connected to or independently installed with the liquid supply pipe 21, and is used to spray extinguishing media into the compartment 110 in fire-fighting mode. As one implementation, the sprinkler pipe 23 can be activated in the early stage of a fire to rapidly cool down the compartment and reduce the concentration of flammable gases in the compartment 110, thus preventing an explosion.

[0053] The overflow vent pipe 24 can be installed at an appropriate location (e.g., top, side, or back) of the compartment 110 according to actual layout requirements, and branch overflow pipes can be connected to each compartment 110. The overflow vent pipe 24 has a dual function: during normal operation, it acts as an overflow pipe to discharge excess medium when the liquid level exceeds the set value; during maintenance, it acts as a vent pipe to drain the circulating medium in the compartment 110.

[0054] The pressure relief safety device includes a pressure relief valve 25 installed on each compartment 110. The pressure relief valve 25 can be installed at an appropriate location (e.g., top or back) of the compartment 110 according to actual layout requirements, and is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the internal pressure of the compartment 110 exceeds a set threshold.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, both the overflow vent pipe 24 and the explosion relief valve 25 are located at the rear of the compartment 110. Concentrating the overflow vent pipe 24 and the explosion relief valve 25 at the rear has the following advantages: it does not occupy the operating space on the front of the compartment 110, facilitates centralized pipeline layout and unified maintenance, and the explosion relief valve 25 faces the outside of the compartment 110, resulting in higher safety.

[0056] In one embodiment, each compartment 110 is also equipped with a liquid level monitoring device and an environmental monitoring device. The liquid level monitoring device, such as a water level sensor (not shown), is used to monitor the liquid level within the compartment 110. The environmental monitoring device, such as a multi-sensor (not shown), is used to monitor one or more environmental parameters within the compartment 110, including combustible gas concentration, temperature, and smoke. Both the liquid level monitoring device and the environmental monitoring device are electrically connected to the control system (not shown) of the energy storage unit 10. The wiring for the monitoring devices can also be pre-embedded in the concrete wall to avoid safety hazards caused by exposed wiring.

[0057] Please see Figures 5 to 9This application also provides a packaged battery module 301, the specific structure of which will be described in detail in Embodiment 2. The energy storage unit 10 of this embodiment uses this packaged battery module 301, which is disposed within the compartment 110 and slidably connected to the track beam 111. The packaged battery module 301 includes a battery module 31 and a waterproof enclosure 33 surrounding the battery module 31. The compartment 110 is filled with a cooling medium, and the packaged battery module 301 is immersed in the cooling medium. In one embodiment, the cooling medium is a water-based coolant.

[0058] The working process of the compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit 10 provided in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] By filling the compartment with cooling medium and immersing the encapsulated battery module at least partially in the cooling medium, multiple cooling modes such as full immersion or partial immersion can be achieved.

[0060] In one implementation, during normal operation, the cooling medium is continuously injected into each compartment 110 via the supply pipe 21, completely immersing the encapsulated battery module 301 in the cooling medium. The cooling medium does not directly contact the battery module 31; the heat dissipated by the battery module 31 is efficiently transferred to the cooling medium through the waterproof enclosure 33. The cooling medium, after absorbing heat, is discharged through the overflow vent pipe 24 or the return pipe 22. The liquid level is controlled by the overflow vent pipe 24. When the liquid level exceeds the inlet of the overflow branch pipe, the excess medium automatically flows out through the overflow vent pipe 24, maintaining a stable liquid level within the compartment 110.

[0061] During normal operation, the control system independently adjusts the flow rate of the corresponding liquid supply pipe 21 according to the temperature of the cooling medium in each compartment 110 to achieve precise temperature control. When the temperature of a certain compartment is too high, the liquid supply to that compartment can be increased first to ensure that the battery module 31 operates within the optimal temperature range and avoid local overheating that could affect battery performance and lifespan.

[0062] During normal operation, the liquid level monitoring devices in each compartment 110 monitor the liquid level in real time, and the environmental monitoring devices monitor the internal parameters of the packaged battery module 301, such as temperature and voltage, as well as environmental parameters such as the temperature and pressure of the cooling medium in the compartment 110. The monitoring data is transmitted to the control system in real time, and the control system issues an early warning signal when the parameters exceed the normal range.

[0063] When the battery module 31 within the encapsulated battery module 301 in a certain compartment 110 exhibits signs of impending thermal runaway, such as abnormal temperature rise or abnormal voltage, the control system determines it to be a potential risk state. At this time, the system may take one or more of the following active protection measures: Measure 1: Increase the flow rate of the liquid supply pipe 21 to enhance the cooling effect; Measure 2: Activate the spray pipe 23 to replenish the low-temperature cooling medium into the compartment 110, thereby rapidly reducing the local temperature; Measure 3: High-temperature medium is discharged through overflow vent pipe 24 and fresh low-temperature medium is introduced to achieve medium replacement.

[0064] These active protection measures keep the temperature of the encapsulated battery module 301 within a safe range, preventing thermal runaway.

[0065] If the active protection measures fail to prevent thermal runaway, the battery module 31 will experience thermal runaway within the sealed waterproof enclosure 33. Due to the sealing effect of the enclosure 33, the heat and gas generated by thermal runaway are confined within the waterproof enclosure 33 and will not directly contact the cooling medium. The enclosure 33 transfers heat to the external cooling medium through its walls, thus achieving heat dissipation.

[0066] If thermal runaway causes the internal pressure of the waterproof enclosure 33 to rise sharply beyond a set threshold, the explosion relief valve 25 located in the compartment 110 will automatically open to discharge the high-pressure gas released from inside the enclosure 33 to the outside of the compartment 11, preventing pressure buildup that could damage the enclosure or compartment structure. After the explosion relief is completed, the explosion relief valve 25 can be automatically reset or manually closed.

[0067] During this process, since the battery module 31 is completely sealed by the waterproof enclosure 33, the harmful substances generated by thermal runaway are confined inside the enclosure and will not contaminate the cooling medium inside the compartment 110; other compartments 110 that have not experienced failures remain in normal operation and are not affected.

[0068] When the battery module 31 in the encapsulated battery module 301 in a certain compartment 110 needs to be repaired or replaced, follow these steps.

[0069] First, open the overflow vent pipe 24 corresponding to compartment 110 to drain the circulating medium inside compartment 110. The discharged medium can be recycled or discharged after treatment.

[0070] After confirming that the medium inside compartment 110 has been emptied, open the hatch 12 corresponding to compartment 110. Pull out the encapsulated battery module 301 that needs to be inspected along the track beam 111.

[0071] After maintenance, the encapsulated battery module 301 is pushed back into the compartment 110 along the track beam 111, and the door 12 is closed. The medium is then injected back into the compartment 110 through the liquid supply pipe 21 to the set liquid level, and the energy storage unit 10 can resume operation.

[0072] During the aforementioned maintenance process, the other compartments 110 remained in normal operation, eliminating the need to shut down the entire energy storage unit 10, which significantly improved system availability.

[0073] As one implementation method, the energy storage unit 10 can also be buried underground. The high strength and corrosion resistance of the concrete casing 11 make it suitable for underground installation, without occupying surface space, making it particularly suitable for urban areas with limited land resources or locations with special landscape requirements. Buried installation can also utilize the constant temperature characteristics of the soil to assist in the thermal management of the energy storage unit 10 and improve operating efficiency.

[0074] The energy storage unit 10 provided in this application can be widely used in various energy storage scenarios, including but not limited to electrochemical energy storage power stations, industrial and commercial energy storage, user-side energy storage, and data center backup power.

[0075] In electrochemical energy storage power station applications, multiple energy storage units 10 can be combined horizontally or stacked vertically to form a modular energy storage system. Since the housing 11 is made of concrete, it has excellent fire resistance, eliminating the need for large firebreaks between adjacent energy storage units 10, significantly improving land utilization. Simultaneously, the high strength of concrete allows for multi-layer stacking of energy storage units 10, further enhancing the energy density of the energy storage power station.

[0076] In industrial and commercial energy storage applications, energy storage unit 10 can be deployed in factories, industrial parks, and other locations to utilize peak-valley electricity price differences for peak shaving and valley filling, thereby reducing electricity costs. The independent sealed design of compartment 110 allows the system to flexibly configure the number of packaged battery modules 301 according to actual load requirements, avoiding over-investment. At the same time, maintenance of a single compartment 110 does not affect the normal operation of other compartments 110, ensuring the production continuity of industrial and commercial users.

[0077] In data center backup power applications, energy storage unit 10 can serve as a supplement or alternative to uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). Data centers have extremely high requirements for power supply reliability and security. The concrete enclosure 11 of energy storage unit 10 is non-combustible and heat-resistant, effectively isolating fire during a fire. The independent immersion fire protection design of the compartment 110 can precisely handle the situation in the event of thermal runaway in a single encapsulated battery module 301, preventing a complete system shutdown. The explosion relief valve 25 can directly discharge high-pressure gas outdoors, preventing the risk of explosion. These characteristics fully meet the stringent safety requirements of data centers for energy storage systems. In addition, the stackable nature of energy storage unit 10 helps improve the space utilization of data center server rooms, allowing for the configuration of larger capacity backup power supplies within limited space. Energy storage unit 10 can also be buried underground around the data center, further saving ground space.

[0078] In other application scenarios, such as integrated photovoltaic-storage-charging stations, microgrids, and off-grid energy storage on islands, the energy storage unit 10 is also widely applicable. The modular design of the compartment 110 allows for flexible expansion of system capacity. The durability and low maintenance cost of the concrete material are particularly suitable for long-term operation in outdoor and harsh environments, and the buried installation method is especially suitable for scenarios such as islands where there are high requirements for ground space and landscape. Example

[0079] Please see Figures 5 to 9 The encapsulated battery module 301 provided in this application is applicable to the aforementioned compartmentalized sealed pressure-bearing concrete energy storage unit 10.

[0080] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the encapsulated battery module 301 includes a battery module 31 and a waterproof encapsulation body 33.

[0081] The battery module 31 is composed of multiple battery cells 311 connected in series and parallel. These battery modules 31 can be arranged side-by-side or in parallel. In one embodiment, each battery module 31 is composed of several battery cells 311 connected in series along a straight line, for example, 13 battery cells 311 connected in series. The eight battery modules 31 are arranged in two groups of four in each group, and a waterproof enclosure 33 completely encapsulates them to form an integrated encapsulated battery module 301. Each battery cell 311 can be a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, or a pouch battery; this embodiment does not impose a specific limitation.

[0082] Each battery module 31 has an external fixing structure for integrating multiple battery cells 311 into one unit. (Reference) Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the fixing structure includes an end plate 312 and a fixing member. The end plate 312 is a rigid plate and is respectively attached to the opposite ends of the single-string battery module 31. The fixing member is used to fix the end plate 312 to the battery module 31. For example, the fixing member can be a constraint strap 313 wrapped and bound around the end plate 312 and the outside of the battery module 31, and tightened by fasteners or welding, thereby forming a solid binding and limiting of the battery module 31.

[0083] The end plate 312 has two vertical first connection holes 3121 for subsequent connection and positioning. The end plate 312 has two lifting holes 3122 on its longitudinal outer end face for lifting operations.

[0084] A waterproof encapsulation body 33 surrounds one or more battery modules 31, forming a sealed waterproof cavity. When multiple battery modules 31 are arranged side-by-side or parallel, the waterproof encapsulation body 33 completely encloses them, ensuring that all battery modules 31 and their electrical connections are contained within the same waterproof cavity. This concentrates multiple waterproofing points into one, significantly reducing the difficulty of waterproofing. The waterproof encapsulation body 33 can be made of soft, semi-rigid, or rigid waterproof materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), or composite materials. It can be molded using processes such as vacuum forming and injection molding to meet different molding and assembly requirements.

[0085] In some preferred embodiments, the waterproof enclosure 33 is made of a flexible waterproof material and fits snugly against the surface of the battery module when wrapped. Compared with traditional rigid casings, this snug-fitting enclosure has advantages such as high heat dissipation efficiency, high space utilization, low manufacturing cost, light weight, and vibration damping.

[0086] The waterproof enclosure 33 includes a housing body 331 and a cover 332. The housing body 331 forms a housing space for accommodating the battery module 31, and the cover 332 is detachably fitted onto the opening of the housing body 331.

[0087] Combination Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the connection area 335 between the cover 332 and the receiving body 331 is an unobstructed fit structure. Specifically, a cover connecting portion 3321 is formed on the edge of the cover 332. The outer surface of the cover connecting portion 3321 and the corresponding area of ​​the receiving body 331 are both flat, with no steps, snaps, or protrusions between them, forming a smooth mating surface. The outer surface of the cover connecting portion 3321 is bonded to the corresponding area of ​​the receiving body 331 by a sealing medium.

[0088] A sealing medium 336 is disposed within the connection area 335 between the cover 332 and the receiving body 331, thereby enabling the cover 332 and the receiving body 331 to jointly form a sealed, waterproof cavity. The sealing medium 336 is configured to allow the cover 332 and the receiving body 331 to be separated by breaking the sealing medium 336.

[0089] like Figure 8 As shown in the cross-sectional view, the cover 332 fits over the receiving body 331, with their upper edges flush, forming a flat appearance. The connection area 335 between the cover 332 and the receiving body 331 is planar, and the sealing medium 336 is disposed within this connection area 335. The lower bottom surface of the sealing medium 336 is flush with the lower bottom surface of the receiving body 331, and the top surface of the sealing medium 336 is flush with the top surfaces of both the cover 332 and the receiving body 331, so that the sealing medium 336 completely fills the connection area 335, forming a flat sealing layer.

[0090] like Figure 9 As shown in the enlarged view, in one embodiment, the sealing medium 336 includes an adhesive tape 336a and an auxiliary sealing layer 336b covering the adhesive tape 336a. The adhesive tape 336a is bonded between the outer side of the cover connection portion 3321 and the corresponding area of ​​the receiving body 331 to form a basic adhesive seal. The auxiliary sealing layer 336b is an adhesive layer coated on the adhesive tape 336a to further enhance the sealing effect, and can be softened by solvent for easy disassembly.

[0091] The adhesive tape 336a and the auxiliary sealing layer 336b together constitute the sealing medium 336, achieving a balance between long-term sealing and convenient maintenance. When it is necessary to open the cover 332, the sealing medium 336 can be destroyed by cutting, solvent dissolution, or heating. To facilitate the cutting operation, the edge of the cover 332 can be set slightly lower than the edge of the receiving body 331, making it easier for the cutting tool to enter the connection area 335.

[0092] It should be noted that the sealing medium described in this application is fundamentally different from conventional sealing strips. Conventional sealing strips rely on elastic deformation to generate sealing pressure and require the use of bolts, clips, or steps or other clamping structures. The sealing medium in this application achieves sealing through adhesive force, eliminating the need for clamping structures. The cover and the housing can be fitted together using a planar fit, and separation can be achieved simply by breaking the sealing medium during later maintenance.

[0093] In one embodiment, the cover 332 is further provided with an interface structure 334 for sealingly leading the electrical connection end of the battery module 31 to the outside of the waterproof cavity. The interface structure 334 includes an interface seat integrally formed or sealedly connected to the cover 332, and a detachable sealing connector.

[0094] The interface structure 334 uses a pluggable waterproof connector. During installation, electrical connection and sealing can be achieved simply by plugging and locking the connectors together, eliminating the need for on-site wiring. During disassembly, the connectors can be separated by pressing to unlock them, making it easy to replace the modules.

[0095] The electrical connection terminals of the battery module 31 are gathered through internal wires and led out to the outside of the waterproof enclosure 33 via the interface structure 334, so as to realize the electrical connection with the adjacent encapsulated battery module 301 or the connection with the external main circuit.

[0096] In one embodiment, the sidewall of the housing 331 is provided with outwardly protruding clearance spaces 333 for accommodating the hooks of lifting tools. During lifting, the hooks of the lifting tools pass through the clearance spaces 333 on both sides of the housing 331 and connect with the lifting holes 3122 on the end plate 312, thereby lifting the battery module 301 from the housing 331.

[0097] Combination Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a bracket 32 ​​can also be provided on the outside of the encapsulated battery module 301 to support the battery module 31 and cooperate with the guide and support structure of the energy storage unit 10. The bracket 32 ​​is a rigid load-bearing structure, which can be made of metal material, and is set at the bottom of the waterproof encapsulation body 33.

[0098] In this embodiment, sub-supports 321 are fixedly provided at both ends of the bracket 32, and the sub-supports 321 are provided with second connecting holes 3211. The position of the first connecting hole 3121 on the end plate 312 corresponds to the position of the second connecting hole 3211 on the sub-support 321. After the fastener passes through the first connecting hole 3121 and the waterproof encapsulation 33, it is detachably connected to the second connecting hole 3211, thereby fixing the battery module 31 to the bracket 32.

[0099] To ensure waterproof reliability, a sealing layer (not shown) is pre-coated on the sub-support 321. When the fastener passes through the waterproof enclosure 33, the sealing layer fills and seals the gap created at the point where the fastener passes through, ensuring that the cooling medium cannot penetrate.

[0100] A buffer (not shown) may also be provided on the bracket 32 ​​to buffer vibration and prevent the battery module 31 from directly contacting the rigid bracket 32. The sub-bracket 321 itself may also be made of a buffer material to provide insulation and buffering.

[0101] The connection method between the battery module 31 and the bracket 32 ​​is not limited to the fastener connection described above. In other embodiments, snap-fit ​​connection, magnetic connection, or integral molding can be used, as long as a fixed connection between the bracket 32 ​​and the battery module 31 can be achieved.

[0102] Electrical connections between adjacent packaged battery modules 301 are achieved via external cables. One end of the external cable is sealed to the interface structure 334 of one packaged battery module 301, and the other end is sealed to the interface structure 334 of another packaged battery module 301. The connection between the interface structure 334 and the external cable is sealed using a waterproof connector or a sealing ring.

[0103] In one embodiment, a high-voltage box (not shown) may be installed externally to each packaged battery module 301, electrically connected to the packaged battery module 301. The high-voltage box integrates high-voltage electrical components such as contactors, fuses, and pre-charging circuits, used to realize the electrical connection, protection, and switching functions between the packaged battery module 301 and the energy storage converter. The high-voltage box is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the packaged battery module 301, enabling independent control and protection for each packaged battery module 301. When a module fails, it can be quickly disconnected without affecting the normal operation of other modules. Example

[0104] Please see Figure 10 This embodiment provides a station-type energy storage system 100, which includes multiple energy storage units 10 as described in Embodiment 1.

[0105] Unlike traditional station-type energy storage systems that require energy storage equipment to be placed in a separate building, the cabin 11 of the energy storage unit 10 in this application is itself a building component. That is, the cabin 11 directly constitutes the main structure of the station-type energy storage system, eliminating the need for additional building construction, which significantly simplifies the station construction process and reduces project costs.

[0106] like Figure 10 As shown, the station-type energy storage system 100 is installed on the ground level G. It is understood that the ground level G is not limited to the outdoors, but can also be an indoor ground level or other forms of building foundation.

[0107] A bottom water tank 41 is installed below the ground level G. The bottom water tank 41 can be used to store cooling medium or fire-fighting water, and is connected to the piping system 20 of the energy storage unit 10 to provide cooling or fire-fighting water for the system.

[0108] The main body of the energy storage station is set above the ground level G, which is composed of multiple energy storage units 10. In this embodiment, each energy storage unit 10 is provided with two compartments 11 stacked along the height direction. Multiple energy storage units 10 are arranged side by side along the horizontal direction, and are combined to form a multi-layer, multi-row large-scale energy storage system, either facing each other or back to back.

[0109] Each energy storage unit 10 is equipped with a fireproof partition wall 42 on its front side (i.e., the side where the hatch 12 is located). The fireproof partition wall 42 can be set according to the requirements of the current national standard "Design Standard for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations", meeting the fire compartmentation and fire resistance limit requirements of the energy storage power station. The fireproof partition wall 42 can be made of concrete, fireproof board, or other non-combustible materials. Because the concrete cabin 11 has good fire resistance, there is no need to leave a large fire separation distance between adjacent energy storage units 10, which significantly improves the space utilization of the station building.

[0110] A maintenance platform 43 is provided between each layer of compartment 11 along the vertical direction. The maintenance platform 43 is located between two rows of energy storage units 10 arranged opposite each other, which facilitates the operation and maintenance of each layer of compartment 11 by the operators. The maintenance platform 43 can be made of steel grating or concrete slab and is equipped with safety railings.

[0111] A top water tank 44 is provided on the top of the energy storage unit 10. The top water tank 44 can be used to store fire-fighting water or as an elevated cooling water tank, using gravity to provide emergency fire-fighting water or cooling water to the system. A platform is formed above multiple top water tanks 44 for placing multiple transformer substations 45. The transformer substations 45 may include electrical equipment such as energy storage converters (PCS) and transformers, which are electrically connected to the energy storage unit 10 below to realize the conversion of electrical energy and grid connection.

[0112] The top of the energy storage unit 10 is also equipped with a power and data cable tray (not shown) for laying high-voltage cables and communication cables. In one implementation, the power and data cable tray can be installed on the top of the energy storage station building, connected to each compartment 110 via conduits pre-embedded in the cabin 11, and electrically connected to the interface structure 334 of the encapsulated battery module 301. This separation of power and data cabling effectively avoids electromagnetic interference and improves system reliability.

[0113] It is understood that the quantity, size and arrangement of the above-mentioned components can be adjusted according to actual engineering needs. For example, the bottom water tank 41 can be set as multiple independent water tanks, the top water tank 44 can be set in layers, and the maintenance platform 43 can be set at different heights. These adjustments are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0114] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0115] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A compartmentalized concrete energy storage unit, characterized in that, include: The cabin is made of concrete, and its interior is directly enclosed by the walls of the cabin to form at least one independent compartment. Each compartment has an independently provided door, and a sealing structure is provided between the door and the compartment body to achieve independent sealing and pressure bearing of the compartment when the door is closed. A guide-bearing structure is provided inside each of the compartments; An encapsulated battery module is disposed within the compartment and slidably connected to the guide support structure, and can be pushed into or pulled out of the compartment along the guide support structure.

2. The energy storage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening of the compartment is located on the side of the cabin; The sealing structure includes a sealing groove disposed around the opening of the cabin and a sealing ring embedded in the sealing groove of the cabin door; The hatch is pivotally connected to the cabin body; or, the hatch is pivotally connected to the cabin body via a door frame, and the door frame is fixed to the cabin body via embedded parts pre-embedded around the opening of the cabin body. The guide bearing structure includes a track beam, which is disposed along the height direction on opposite side walls inside the compartment.

3. The energy storage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit also includes a piping system embedded in the concrete structure of the cabin, the piping system comprising: A liquid supply pipe is introduced from outside the cabin or pre-embedded in the cabin, and branch liquid supply pipes are respectively connected to each of the compartments to supply cooling medium or fire-fighting medium to each compartment. The return pipes are led out from each of the compartments, collected and led out from the corresponding positions of the compartments, for the circulation and return of the medium; The cooling medium is a water-based coolant.

4. The energy storage unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piping system also includes one or more of the following: A sprinkler pipe, either connected to the liquid supply pipe or independently installed, is used to spray fire extinguishing medium into the compartment in fire-fighting mode. An overflow vent pipe is installed in the chamber and branches off to each compartment. It is used to discharge excess medium when the liquid level exceeds a set value, and / or to drain the circulating medium in the compartment during maintenance.

5. The energy storage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit also includes a pressure relief safety device installed in each of the compartments, for automatically activating pressure relief when the pressure inside the compartment exceeds a set threshold; and / or, Each of the compartments is also equipped with a liquid level monitoring device and an environmental monitoring device. The liquid level monitoring device is used to monitor the liquid level in the compartment, and the environmental monitoring device is used to monitor the environmental parameters in the compartment.

6. The energy storage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packaged battery module includes: Battery module; A waterproof encapsulation body is wrapped around the outside of the battery module to form a sealed waterproof cavity; The bracket is located outside the waterproof enclosure and is detachably connected to the battery module.

7. The energy storage unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waterproof enclosure includes: The accommodating body forms an accommodating space for accommodating the battery module; A cover that detachably covers the opening of the receiving body; A sealing medium is provided in the connection area between the cover and the accommodating body, and the sealing medium is configured to separate the cover from the accommodating body by breaking the sealing medium.

8. The energy storage unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing medium includes an adhesive tape and / or an auxiliary sealing layer covering the adhesive tape.

9. An immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system, characterized in that, include: At least one energy storage unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The compartment is filled with a cooling medium, and the encapsulated battery module is immersed in the cooling medium.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cabin is a building component, and the combination of multiple cabins directly forms the main structure of the energy storage station. The energy storage system also includes one or more of the following components, which are integrated into or adjacent to the energy storage station: A water tank, connected to the piping system of the energy storage unit, is used to store cooling medium and / or fire-fighting medium; An energy storage converter is electrically connected to the energy storage unit; The transformer is electrically connected to the energy storage converter.

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