Flywheel energy storage system and thermal power unit frequency modulation system

Abstract

The application discloses a flywheel energy storage system and a thermal power unit frequency modulation system, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage and power system frequency modulation. The flywheel energy storage system comprises an energy interaction optimization module, a storage state intelligent regulation and control module, an operation safety monitoring module and an energy efficiency improvement optimization module. The energy interaction optimization module is used for adaptively matching the characteristics of intermittent power sources, adopting new power devices and setting virtual capacitor buffer logic. The storage state intelligent regulation and control module is used for dynamically adjusting the flywheel rotating speed, scheduling multiple flywheels and distributing the energy storage capacity. The operation safety monitoring module is used for collecting multiple parameters in real time, early warning faults through deep learning and triggering energy discharge. The energy efficiency improvement optimization module is used for establishing a loss model to compensate for losses, controlling heat dissipation in different regions and standby low-power consumption control. The flywheel energy storage system is high-efficiency, safe and economical, and is promoted to deeply cooperate with the thermal power unit, so that the response speed, control accuracy and economy of power grid frequency modulation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage and power system frequency regulation technology, specifically a flywheel energy storage system and a thermal power unit frequency regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by the "dual carbon" goals, my country's power system is accelerating its transformation towards a "source-grid-load-storage coordinated" model, with the installed capacity of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics continuing to increase. However, the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy leads to increased grid frequency fluctuations, placing higher demands on the response speed, regulation accuracy, and economic efficiency of frequency regulation services. Thermal power units, as the traditional mainstay of frequency regulation, suffer from long response time delays and are prone to reverse regulation due to mechanical inertia; while flywheel energy storage has the advantage of millisecond-level response, it also has its own technical bottlenecks. Neither can independently meet the frequency regulation needs of the new power system.

[0003] The main technical problems of existing flywheel energy storage systems include: low energy conversion efficiency, with significant charging and discharging losses due to the use of traditional IGBT power devices; outdated energy storage state control strategies, relying on fixed speed control logic, which cannot accurately match the rapidly changing grid demand; limited operational safety monitoring dimensions, lacking tracking of key indicators such as bearing wear and internal circulating current, resulting in insufficient risk prevention and control capabilities; and rudimentary energy efficiency management, with the cooling system operating at constant speed and lacking an intelligent sleep mechanism in standby mode, causing unnecessary energy loss.

[0004] Regarding the frequency regulation system of thermal power units, its inherent defects are becoming increasingly prominent: the response time lag is as long as 2-3 seconds, making it prone to reverse regulation during rapid load disturbances; frequent valve adjustments are required to cope with short-cycle fluctuations, leading to increased coal consumption and accelerated equipment wear; poor coordination with energy storage systems, lack of priority scheduling and multi-unit collaborative allocation logic, making it difficult to leverage the advantages of integrated thermal power and energy storage regulation. These problems prevent the two systems from forming a synergistic advantage, urgently requiring a frequency regulation solution that can achieve self-optimization of flywheel energy storage and deep coordination with thermal power units. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a flywheel energy storage system and a frequency regulation system for thermal power units. This addresses the technical problems of existing flywheel energy storage systems, such as low energy conversion efficiency, delayed energy storage status regulation, insufficient operational safety monitoring, and inefficient energy efficiency management, as mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: A flywheel energy storage system, comprising: The energy interaction optimization module is used to adaptively match the characteristics of intermittent power supplies, optimize power conversion using new power devices, and is equipped with virtual capacitor buffer logic. The intelligent energy storage status control module is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and to schedule multiple flywheels through a distributed protocol, and to allocate energy storage capacity in combination with peak and valley electricity prices and load forecasts. The system operates a safety monitoring module to collect multiple parameters in real time, use deep learning algorithms to warn of potential faults, and trigger emergency energy release logic to handle major faults. The energy efficiency improvement and optimization module is used to establish an energy loss model and compensate for losses in real time. It also controls heat dissipation according to the temperature difference of components and automatically switches to low power mode during standby.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the flywheel energy storage system described in this application, the energy interaction optimization module includes: The dynamic power access unit is used to adaptively match the intermittent power output characteristics and achieve stable access to unstable power through a voltage / frequency adaptive adjustment algorithm. A bidirectional power conversion unit is used to reduce power loss during charging and discharging by employing novel SiC MOSFET power devices and combining them with predictive control algorithms. The energy buffer regulation unit is used to set up virtual capacitor buffer logic to quickly absorb or release instantaneous energy when there are sudden changes in input / output power.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the flywheel energy storage system described in this application, the intelligent energy storage state control module includes: The speed adaptive control unit is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and to establish a speed-capacity-load correlation model; The multi-flywheel collaborative scheduling unit is used to allocate charging and discharging tasks based on the health status and energy storage efficiency of each flywheel when there are multiple flywheels, through a distributed communication protocol. The energy storage capacity dynamic allocation unit is used to formulate capacity allocation strategies based on grid peak and valley electricity prices and load forecast data.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the flywheel energy storage system described in this application, the operation safety monitoring module includes: A multi-parameter real-time acquisition unit is used to acquire key parameters of the flywheel in real time via a wireless sensor network; The fault early warning and diagnosis unit is used to build a fault feature database and use deep learning algorithms to compare real-time parameters with historical data in order to provide early warning of potential faults. The emergency energy release unit is used to activate lossless energy release logic when a major fault is detected, so as to smoothly convert the flywheel kinetic energy into heat energy through a dedicated energy channel.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the flywheel energy storage system described in this application, the energy efficiency improvement and optimization module includes: The energy loss compensation unit is used to establish a loss model to calculate the loss value in real time according to the operating conditions and to compensate for energy loss through an active energy replenishment algorithm. The intelligent heat dissipation control unit is used to adopt a zoned heat dissipation strategy to dynamically adjust the cooling fan speed or water cooling flow rate according to the temperature differences of different components of the flywheel. The standby low-power control unit is used to automatically switch to low-power mode and turn off power to unnecessary units when the system is in standby mode.

[0011] A frequency regulation system for thermal power units, working in conjunction with the aforementioned flywheel energy storage system, includes: The frequency regulation demand sensing module is used to monitor the power grid frequency with a high-precision chip and predict load fluctuations by combining an LSTM neural network. At the same time, it parses the frequency regulation commands from the power grid dispatch center and converts them into control parameters. The frequency regulation response coordination module is used to allocate response priorities according to the urgency of frequency regulation, and to control the equipment to enter the standby state in advance. At the same time, it allocates frequency regulation tasks to multiple units according to the characteristics of the units. The frequency modulation accuracy control module is used to calculate the frequency modulation deviation in real time and adjust the output through PID + fuzzy control algorithm, and dynamically adjust the response rate according to the frequency change rate, while closing the loop feedback to correct the control parameters. The frequency regulation energy consumption optimization module is used to collect data in real time, calculate frequency regulation energy consumption, and establish a correlation model. It also replaces the output of high-energy-consuming units by increasing the participation of energy storage, and optimizes the frequency regulation strategy based on historical data and real-time status.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the frequency regulation system for thermal power units described in this application, the frequency regulation demand sensing module includes: The power grid frequency real-time monitoring unit is used to acquire power grid frequency fluctuation data in real time by employing a high-precision frequency acquisition chip and combining it with 5G low-latency communication. The load fluctuation prediction unit is used to predict load fluctuations by fusing historical load data, meteorological information, and holiday factors based on an LSTM neural network. The frequency regulation command parsing unit is used to receive frequency regulation commands from the power grid dispatch center, and parse the frequency regulation amplitude and response time requirements in the commands into control parameters that the system can execute.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the frequency regulation system for thermal power units described in this application, the frequency regulation response coordination module includes: The unit-energy storage priority allocation unit is used to formulate priority strategies based on the urgency of frequency regulation needs; The response connection control unit is used to set the pre-response logic so that when load fluctuations are predicted, the flywheel energy storage is controlled to enter the standby state in advance, and the thermal power unit adjusts the valve / throttle opening. The multi-unit coordinated frequency regulation unit is used to allocate frequency regulation tasks based on the frequency regulation capacity and coal consumption rate of each unit when there are multiple thermal power units.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the frequency regulation system for thermal power units described in this application, the frequency regulation accuracy control module includes: The frequency deviation compensation unit is used to calculate the deviation between the actual frequency regulation effect and the target value in real time, and dynamically adjust the unit output or energy storage release power through PID + fuzzy control algorithm. The frequency modulation rate dynamic adjustment unit is used to adjust the frequency modulation response rate according to the rate of change of the power grid frequency; The frequency modulation effect feedback correction unit is used to establish frequency modulation effect evaluation indicators and, through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, correct control parameters and optimize subsequent frequency modulation accuracy.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the frequency regulation system for thermal power units described in this application, the frequency regulation energy consumption optimization module includes: The unit frequency regulation energy consumption calculation unit is used to collect coal consumption and plant power consumption data in real time during the unit frequency regulation process, and to establish a correlation model between output adjustment and energy consumption. The energy storage participation frequency regulation energy saving unit is used to automatically increase the frequency regulation participation of flywheel energy storage when the unit's frequency regulation energy consumption is too high; The frequency regulation strategy dynamic optimization unit is used to dynamically optimize the frequency regulation strategy based on historical frequency regulation data and real-time power grid status using reinforcement learning algorithms.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a flywheel energy storage system and a thermal power unit frequency regulation system. Through the multi-dimensional optimization design of the flywheel energy storage system itself and its deep integration and synergy with the thermal power unit frequency regulation system, it solves the problems of low energy conversion efficiency, lagging regulation, insufficient safety monitoring, and extensive energy efficiency management of existing flywheel energy storage, as well as slow response, low accuracy, and high energy consumption of thermal power storage synergy. It realizes efficient, accurate and economical operation of power grid frequency regulation services.

[0017] In one possible implementation, by adaptively matching the intermittent power supply characteristics of the energy interaction optimization module, using novel SiC MOSFET power devices and virtual capacitor buffer logic, efficient and stable access and conversion of electrical energy are achieved, significantly reducing energy loss during charging and discharging and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the flywheel energy storage system.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the energy storage status is precisely matched with the grid demand through dynamic speed adjustment of the intelligent energy storage status control module, multi-flywheel coordinated scheduling, and capacity allocation combined with peak-valley electricity prices and load forecasts. This avoids control lag and improves the efficiency of energy storage resource utilization and the economic efficiency of system operation.

[0019] In one possible implementation, by using a safety monitoring module to collect multiple parameters in real time, implement deep learning-based fault warning and emergency energy release mechanisms, the risk of flywheel operation can be identified and proactively controlled in advance, ensuring the long-term stable and reliable operation of the system.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the energy consumption of the flywheel energy storage system is reduced from multiple dimensions by real-time compensation for energy loss of the energy efficiency improvement optimization module, zoned intelligent heat dissipation control, and automatic switching of low power consumption in standby mode, which significantly improves the overall energy efficiency level of the flywheel energy storage system.

[0021] In one possible implementation, high-precision frequency monitoring by the frequency regulation demand sensing module, load prediction by LSTM neural network, and frequency regulation command parsing enable accurate and proactive sensing of the power grid's frequency regulation demand, laying a solid foundation for subsequent rapid response.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the unit-energy storage priority allocation, pre-response logic, and multi-unit collaborative scheduling of the frequency regulation response coordination module enable rapid connection and efficient coordination between thermal power units and flywheel energy storage, significantly shortening the frequency regulation response time and avoiding response lag and reverse regulation problems.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the frequency regulation precision control module uses a PID+fuzzy control composite algorithm, dynamic adjustment of frequency change rate, and closed-loop feedback correction to achieve fine control of the power grid frequency, stabilize the frequency deviation within the target range, and ensure the high-quality compliance of the frequency regulation service.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the frequency regulation energy consumption of the unit is calculated in real time by the frequency regulation energy consumption optimization module, the participation of energy storage is dynamically increased, and the frequency regulation strategy is optimized based on reinforcement learning. While ensuring the frequency regulation accuracy, the unit coal consumption and equipment wear are effectively reduced, and the economic optimization of the frequency regulation process is achieved.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the collaborative work of the above modules achieves deep coupling and intelligent scheduling between the flywheel energy storage system and the thermal power unit frequency regulation system. This fully leverages the complementary advantages of the flywheel's fast response and the thermal power unit's large capacity, improving overall frequency regulation efficiency, reducing the overall system operating cost, and extending equipment lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a flywheel energy storage system framework is provided in this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an energy interaction optimization module framework provided in this application; Figure 3 This application provides a schematic diagram of an intelligent energy storage state control module framework; Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of an operational safety monitoring module framework; Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of an energy efficiency improvement and optimization module framework; Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of a frequency regulation system framework for a thermal power unit; Figure 7 This application provides a schematic diagram of a frequency modulation demand sensing module framework; Figure 8 This application provides a schematic diagram of a frequency modulation response cooperative module framework; Figure 9 This application provides a diagram of a frequency modulation accuracy control module; Figure 10 This application provides a diagram of a frequency modulation energy consumption optimization module; Detailed Implementation In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] This application provides a flywheel energy storage system; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 ,include: The energy interaction optimization module is used to achieve stable power access and efficient conversion by adaptively matching the characteristics of intermittent power sources and optimizing power conversion using new power devices, along with virtual capacitor buffer logic. This provides a stable energy foundation for flywheel energy storage and supports the orderly development of subsequent energy storage functions. The intelligent energy storage status control module is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and to schedule multiple flywheels through a distributed protocol. It also combines peak and valley electricity prices and load forecasts to allocate energy storage capacity in order to accurately match the energy storage status with grid demand, ensure the efficient use of energy storage resources, and improve the system's energy storage economy and response time. The safety monitoring module is used to collect multiple parameters in real time, and uses deep learning algorithms to warn of potential faults and trigger emergency energy release logic to handle major faults, so as to protect the flywheel's operating safety in all aspects and ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system. The energy efficiency improvement and optimization module is used to establish an energy loss model and compensate for losses in real time. It also controls heat dissipation according to the temperature difference of components and automatically switches to low power mode in standby mode. This optimizes the system from multiple dimensions such as loss compensation, heat dissipation management and standby energy saving, thereby minimizing system energy consumption and improving the overall energy efficiency of flywheel energy storage.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 The energy interaction optimization module includes: The dynamic power access unit is used to adaptively match the output characteristics of intermittent power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power, so as to achieve stable access of unstable power through voltage / frequency adaptive adjustment algorithm; The bidirectional power conversion unit uses novel SiC MOSFET power devices and predictive control algorithms to reduce power loss during charging and discharging and improve conversion efficiency. The energy buffer regulation unit is used to set up virtual capacitor buffer logic to quickly absorb or release instantaneous energy when there are sudden changes in input / output power, so as to avoid impact on the flywheel body.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 The intelligent energy storage status control module includes: The speed adaptive control unit is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed (range: 15000-30000r / min) according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and establish a speed-capacity-load correlation model to achieve precise matching of energy storage status; The multi-flywheel collaborative scheduling unit is used to allocate charging and discharging tasks based on the health status (vibration, temperature, etc.) and energy storage efficiency of each flywheel when there are multiple flywheels, through a distributed communication protocol, so as to avoid overload operation of a single flywheel. The dynamic energy storage capacity allocation unit is used to formulate capacity allocation strategies based on grid peak and valley electricity prices and load forecast data. During valley hours, full-load energy storage is prioritized, and during peak hours, energy is released in stages according to demand, thereby improving the economic efficiency of energy storage.

[0035] Please see Figure 4 The operational safety monitoring module includes: The multi-parameter real-time acquisition unit is used to collect key parameters such as flywheel operating temperature, vibration amplitude, and bearing wear in real time through a wireless sensor network, with a sampling frequency of up to 100Hz. The fault early warning and diagnosis unit is used to build a fault feature database and use deep learning algorithms to compare real-time parameters with historical data to provide early warning of potential faults (such as bearing overheating and abnormal speed) 0.5-2 hours in advance. The emergency energy discharge unit is used to activate lossless discharge logic when a major fault is detected, so as to smoothly convert the flywheel kinetic energy into heat energy (or feed it back to the grid) through a dedicated energy channel to avoid equipment damage.

[0036] Please see Figure 5 The energy efficiency improvement and optimization module includes: The energy loss compensation unit is used to establish a loss model (including air resistance and bearing friction loss) to calculate the loss value in real time according to the operating conditions and to compensate for energy loss through an active energy replenishment algorithm. The intelligent heat dissipation control unit is used to adopt a zoned heat dissipation strategy to dynamically adjust the cooling fan speed or water cooling flow rate according to the temperature differences of different components of the flywheel (rotor, motor, controller) to reduce heat dissipation energy consumption. The standby low-power control unit is used to automatically switch to low-power mode when the system is in standby mode, turn off the power supply of unnecessary units, and reduce the standby power consumption to less than 5% of the rated power consumption.

[0037] The specific steps of a flywheel energy storage system are as follows: S1 achieves stable power access and efficient conversion by adaptively matching the characteristics of intermittent power sources, optimizing power conversion with new power devices, and using virtual capacitor buffer logic. This provides a stable energy foundation for flywheel energy storage and supports the orderly development of subsequent energy storage functions. S2 dynamically adjusts the flywheel speed based on grid load demand and remaining energy storage capacity, and schedules multiple flywheels through a distributed protocol. It also combines peak-valley electricity prices and load forecasts to allocate energy storage capacity, so as to accurately match the energy storage status with grid demand, ensure efficient use of energy storage resources, and improve the system's energy storage economy and response time. S3 collects multiple parameters in real time, uses deep learning algorithms to warn of potential faults, and triggers emergency energy release logic to handle major faults, so as to protect the flywheel's operating safety in all aspects and ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system. S4 establishes an energy loss model and compensates for losses in real time. It also controls heat dissipation according to component temperature differences and automatically switches to a low-power mode during standby. This multi-dimensional optimization, encompassing loss compensation, heat dissipation management, and standby energy saving, minimizes system energy consumption and improves the overall energy efficiency of flywheel energy storage. Please see Figure 6 A frequency regulation system for thermal power units, working in conjunction with the aforementioned flywheel energy storage system, includes: The frequency regulation demand sensing module is used to monitor the power grid frequency with a high-precision chip and predict load fluctuations by combining LSTM neural network. At the same time, it parses the frequency regulation instructions from the power grid dispatch center and converts them into control parameters, providing accurate and timely demand information for thermal power unit frequency regulation and laying the foundation for frequency regulation work. The frequency regulation response coordination module is used to allocate response priorities according to the urgency of frequency regulation and control the equipment to enter the standby state in advance. At the same time, it allocates frequency regulation tasks of multiple units according to the characteristics of the units, so as to realize the efficient cooperation between thermal power units and energy storage, the rational scheduling of multiple units, and improve the frequency regulation response speed and coordination efficiency. The frequency modulation accuracy control module is used to calculate the frequency modulation deviation in real time and adjust the output through PID + fuzzy control algorithm. It also dynamically adjusts the response rate according to the frequency change rate and corrects the control parameters through closed-loop feedback to accurately control the frequency modulation process, stabilize the grid frequency deviation within the target range, and ensure that the frequency modulation accuracy meets the standard. The frequency regulation energy consumption optimization module is used to collect data in real time, calculate frequency regulation energy consumption, and establish a correlation model. It replaces the output of high-energy-consuming units by increasing the participation of energy storage, and optimizes the frequency regulation strategy based on historical data and real-time status. While ensuring frequency regulation accuracy, it reduces unit coal consumption and equipment wear, thereby achieving economic optimization.

[0038] Please see Figure 7 The frequency modulation demand sensing module includes: The real-time power grid frequency monitoring unit is used to acquire power grid frequency fluctuation data in real time by using a high-precision frequency acquisition chip (error ±0.001Hz) and combining it with 5G low-latency communication, with a data transmission latency of <10ms. The load fluctuation prediction unit is used to predict load fluctuations in the next 15-30 minutes by integrating historical load data, meteorological information, and holiday factors based on an LSTM neural network, with a prediction accuracy of over 92%. The frequency regulation command parsing unit is used to receive frequency regulation commands (such as AGC commands) from the power grid dispatch center, and parse the frequency regulation amplitude and response time requirements in the commands into control parameters that the system can execute.

[0039] Please see Figure 8 The frequency modulation response coordination module includes: The unit-energy storage priority allocation unit is used to formulate priority strategies based on the urgency of frequency regulation needs; in case of emergency frequency regulation (frequency deviation > 0.2Hz), flywheel energy storage is prioritized (response time < 0.1s); during normal frequency regulation, the thermal power unit and energy storage respond in coordination. The response connection control unit is used to set the pre-response logic so that when load fluctuations are predicted, the flywheel energy storage is controlled to enter the standby state in advance, and the thermal power unit adjusts the valve / throttle opening to avoid response lag. The multi-unit coordinated frequency regulation unit is used to allocate frequency regulation tasks based on the frequency regulation capacity (maximum output adjustment range) and coal consumption rate of each unit when there are multiple thermal power units, so as to achieve the lowest overall frequency regulation energy consumption.

[0040] Please see Figure 9The frequency modulation accuracy control module includes: The frequency deviation compensation unit is used to calculate the deviation between the actual frequency modulation effect and the target value in real time, and dynamically adjusts the unit output or energy storage release power through PID + fuzzy control algorithm to control the frequency deviation within ±0.05Hz. The frequency modulation rate dynamic adjustment unit is used to adjust the frequency modulation response rate according to the power grid frequency change rate (df / dt); when the frequency drops rapidly, the response rate is increased; when the frequency fluctuates slowly, the rate is reduced to avoid overshoot. The frequency modulation effect feedback correction unit is used to establish frequency modulation effect evaluation indicators (such as frequency modulation pass rate and response time compliance rate), and through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, it corrects the control parameters every 5 minutes to optimize the subsequent frequency modulation accuracy.

[0041] Please see Figure 10 The frequency modulation energy consumption optimization module includes: The unit frequency regulation energy consumption calculation unit is used to collect coal consumption and plant power consumption data in real time during the unit frequency regulation process, and establish a correlation model between output adjustment and energy consumption to calculate the energy consumption cost of a single frequency regulation. The energy storage participation frequency regulation energy saving unit is used to automatically increase the frequency regulation participation of flywheel energy storage when the unit's frequency regulation energy consumption is too high (such as exceeding the set threshold), thereby replacing part of the unit's output adjustment and reducing the unit's coal consumption. The frequency regulation strategy dynamic optimization unit is used to dynamically optimize the frequency regulation strategy (such as the energy storage participation ratio and the unit response amplitude) based on historical frequency regulation data and real-time grid status using reinforcement learning algorithms, so as to achieve the dual goals of meeting frequency regulation accuracy and minimizing energy consumption.

[0042] The specific steps of a frequency regulation system for a thermal power unit are as follows: A1 uses a high-precision chip to monitor the power grid frequency and combines it with an LSTM neural network to predict load fluctuations. At the same time, it analyzes the frequency regulation instructions from the power grid dispatch center and converts them into control parameters, providing accurate and timely demand information for thermal power unit frequency regulation and laying the foundation for frequency regulation work. A2 allocates response priorities according to the urgency of frequency regulation and controls equipment to enter a standby state in advance. At the same time, it allocates frequency regulation tasks for multiple units according to the characteristics of the units, so as to achieve efficient coordination between thermal power units and energy storage, reasonable scheduling of multiple units, and improve frequency regulation response speed and coordination efficiency. A3 calculates frequency regulation deviation in real time and adjusts output through PID + fuzzy control algorithm. It also dynamically adjusts response rate according to frequency change rate and closes loop feedback to correct control parameters, accurately control the frequency regulation process, stabilize the grid frequency deviation within the target range, and ensure that frequency regulation accuracy meets the standard. A4 collects data in real time to calculate frequency regulation energy consumption and establishes a correlation model. It also replaces the output of high-energy-consuming units by increasing the participation of energy storage. At the same time, it optimizes the frequency regulation strategy based on historical data and real-time status. While ensuring frequency regulation accuracy, it reduces unit coal consumption and equipment wear, thereby achieving economic optimization.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A flywheel energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The energy interaction optimization module is used to adaptively match the characteristics of intermittent power supplies, optimize power conversion using new power devices, and is equipped with virtual capacitor buffer logic. The intelligent energy storage status control module is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and to schedule multiple flywheels through a distributed protocol, and to allocate energy storage capacity in combination with peak and valley electricity prices and load forecasts. The system operates a safety monitoring module to collect multiple parameters in real time, use deep learning algorithms to warn of potential faults, and trigger emergency energy release logic to handle major faults. The energy efficiency improvement and optimization module is used to establish an energy loss model and compensate for losses in real time. It also controls heat dissipation according to the temperature difference of components and automatically switches to low power mode during standby.

2. The flywheel energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy interaction optimization module includes: The dynamic power access unit is used to adaptively match the intermittent power output characteristics and achieve stable access to unstable power through a voltage / frequency adaptive adjustment algorithm. A bidirectional power conversion unit is used to reduce power loss during charging and discharging by employing novel SiC MOSFET power devices and combining them with predictive control algorithms. The energy buffer regulation unit is used to set up virtual capacitor buffer logic to quickly absorb or release instantaneous energy when there are sudden changes in input / output power.

3. The flywheel energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent energy storage status control module includes: The speed adaptive control unit is used to dynamically adjust the flywheel speed according to the grid load demand and the remaining energy storage capacity, and to establish a speed-capacity-load correlation model; The multi-flywheel collaborative scheduling unit is used to allocate charging and discharging tasks based on the health status and energy storage efficiency of each flywheel when there are multiple flywheels, through a distributed communication protocol. The energy storage capacity dynamic allocation unit is used to formulate capacity allocation strategies based on grid peak and valley electricity prices and load forecast data.

4. The flywheel energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational safety monitoring module includes: A multi-parameter real-time acquisition unit is used to acquire key parameters of the flywheel in real time via a wireless sensor network; The fault early warning and diagnosis unit is used to build a fault feature database and use deep learning algorithms to compare real-time parameters with historical data in order to provide early warning of potential faults. The emergency energy release unit is used to activate lossless energy release logic when a major fault is detected, so as to smoothly convert the flywheel kinetic energy into heat energy through a dedicated energy channel.

5. A flywheel energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy efficiency improvement and optimization module includes: The energy loss compensation unit is used to establish a loss model to calculate the loss value in real time according to the operating conditions and to compensate for energy loss through an active energy replenishment algorithm. The intelligent heat dissipation control unit is used to adopt a zoned heat dissipation strategy to dynamically adjust the cooling fan speed or water cooling flow rate according to the temperature differences of different components of the flywheel. The standby low-power control unit is used to automatically switch to low-power mode and turn off power to unnecessary units when the system is in standby mode.

6. A frequency regulation system for thermal power units, working in conjunction with the flywheel energy storage system described in claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The frequency regulation demand sensing module is used to monitor the power grid frequency with a high-precision chip and predict load fluctuations by combining an LSTM neural network. At the same time, it parses the frequency regulation commands from the power grid dispatch center and converts them into control parameters. The frequency regulation response coordination module is used to allocate response priorities according to the urgency of frequency regulation, and to control the equipment to enter the standby state in advance. At the same time, it allocates frequency regulation tasks to multiple units according to the characteristics of the units. The frequency modulation accuracy control module is used to calculate the frequency modulation deviation in real time and adjust the output through PID + fuzzy control algorithm, and dynamically adjust the response rate according to the frequency change rate, while closing the loop feedback to correct the control parameters. The frequency regulation energy consumption optimization module is used to collect data in real time, calculate frequency regulation energy consumption, and establish a correlation model. It also replaces the output of high-energy-consuming units by increasing the participation of energy storage, and optimizes the frequency regulation strategy based on historical data and real-time status.

7. A frequency regulation system for thermal power units according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frequency modulation demand sensing module includes: The power grid frequency real-time monitoring unit is used to acquire power grid frequency fluctuation data in real time by employing a high-precision frequency acquisition chip and combining it with 5G low-latency communication. The load fluctuation prediction unit is used to predict load fluctuations by fusing historical load data, meteorological information, and holiday factors based on an LSTM neural network. The frequency regulation command parsing unit is used to receive frequency regulation commands from the power grid dispatch center, and parse the frequency regulation amplitude and response time requirements in the commands into control parameters that the system can execute.

8. A frequency regulation system for thermal power units according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frequency modulation response coordination module includes: The unit-energy storage priority allocation unit is used to formulate priority strategies based on the urgency of frequency regulation needs; The response connection control unit is used to set the pre-response logic so that when load fluctuations are predicted, the flywheel energy storage is controlled to enter the standby state in advance, and the thermal power unit adjusts the valve / throttle opening. The multi-unit coordinated frequency regulation unit is used to allocate frequency regulation tasks based on the frequency regulation capacity and coal consumption rate of each unit when there are multiple thermal power units.

9. A frequency regulation system for thermal power units according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frequency modulation accuracy control module includes: The frequency deviation compensation unit is used to calculate the deviation between the actual frequency regulation effect and the target value in real time, and dynamically adjust the unit output or energy storage release power through PID + fuzzy control algorithm. The frequency modulation rate dynamic adjustment unit is used to adjust the frequency modulation response rate according to the rate of change of the power grid frequency; The frequency modulation effect feedback correction unit is used to establish frequency modulation effect evaluation indicators and, through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, correct control parameters and optimize subsequent frequency modulation accuracy.

10. A frequency regulation system for thermal power units according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frequency modulation energy consumption optimization module includes: The unit frequency regulation energy consumption calculation unit is used to collect coal consumption and plant power consumption data in real time during the unit frequency regulation process, and to establish a correlation model between output adjustment and energy consumption. The energy storage participation frequency regulation energy saving unit is used to automatically increase the frequency regulation participation of flywheel energy storage when the unit's frequency regulation energy consumption is too high; The frequency regulation strategy dynamic optimization unit is used to dynamically optimize the frequency regulation strategy based on historical frequency regulation data and real-time power grid status using reinforcement learning algorithms.

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