A switch cabinet multi-dimensional state synchronous perception system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a switch cabinet multi-dimensional state synchronous sensing system and method. The system comprises at least: a plurality of lower computers for multi-dimensional state acquisition, which are arranged in each monitoring area of the switch cabinet and are used for acquiring, synchronously collecting, locally processing and uploading data of multi-source state information in a field environment; an upper computer, which is in communication connection with the plurality of lower computers, is used for centrally receiving, storing and processing data uploaded by each lower computer, and serves as a main control node of the system; and a system logic control module, which is arranged in the lower computer and the upper computer, is used for realizing cooperative operation of the plurality of lower computers and time consistency management, and controlling a collection mode of each lower computer. Through cooperative design of a hardware function module and the system logic control module, synchronous collection, transmission and centralized management of multi-dimensional state information under a unified time reference are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology, specifically to a multi-dimensional condition synchronous sensing system and method for switchgear. Background Technology

[0002] Switchgear, as an indispensable set of equipment in power systems, directly affects the safety and reliability of the power supply system. With the rapid development of the power industry, higher demands are placed on monitoring the operating status of switchgear. However, existing switchgear status monitoring solutions still have the following shortcomings: Limited monitoring dimensions: Existing monitoring devices mostly focus on monitoring single parameters such as temperature, current, or partial discharge, which makes it difficult to comprehensively reflect the overall operating status of the equipment and to detect potential faults in a timely manner.

[0003] Multi-source data time asynchrony: In monitoring schemes that introduce multiple types of sensors, the asynchronous or polling acquisition methods of each sensor usually result in time deviations between different state quantities, making it difficult to perform effective correlation analysis and affecting the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0004] Inconsistent time reference: In a distributed deployment scenario with multiple data acquisition nodes, each node operates independently based on its local clock, resulting in significant inconsistencies in data time across nodes, making collaborative analysis of multi-node data impossible.

[0005] Insufficient reliability under complex operating conditions: Existing monitoring devices mostly rely on external power supply, which makes them unable to operate continuously under power outages or low load conditions. Furthermore, they are susceptible to interference in strong electromagnetic environments, leading to unstable data and affecting the reliability of monitoring results.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-dimensional status synchronous sensing system for switchgear that can achieve synchronous acquisition of multiple locations and multiple status variables, and has a unified time reference and reliable operation capability, so as to meet the power system's need for comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the operating status of switchgear. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to solve the problems of scattered acquisition of multi-source status information, inconsistent acquisition time, and insufficient collaborative sensing capability of multiple acquisition nodes in the monitoring of switchgear operation status. It provides a multi-dimensional status synchronous sensing system and method for switchgear, which realizes synchronous acquisition, transmission and centralized management of multi-dimensional status information under a unified time reference through the collaborative design of hardware functional modules and system logic control modules.

[0008] The technical solution provided by this invention is, as one aspect of this invention, a multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system for switchgear, comprising: Multiple slave devices are deployed in various monitoring areas of the switch cabinet to acquire, synchronously collect, locally process, and upload multi-source status information in the field environment; The host computer communicates with the multiple slave computers and is used to centrally receive, store and process the data uploaded by each slave computer, and serves as the main control node of the system. The system logic control module runs in both the lower-level machine and the upper-level machine. It is used to realize the collaborative operation of multiple lower-level machines and time consistency management, and to control the acquisition mode of each lower-level machine.

[0009] Optionally, the lower-level machine further includes: The multi-dimensional state perception module is used to acquire temperature distribution information, electrical parameters, partial discharge signals, and acoustic signals during the operation of the switchgear. The data acquisition and processing module is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time and add a local timestamp to the acquired data; it is also used to perform synchronous sampling control, data caching and communication management on the multi-source state information acquired by the multi-dimensional state perception module; and to ensure that each analog signal in a single acquisition node completes analog-to-digital conversion at the same sampling time. The communication module is used to upload timestamped collected data to the host computer and to communicate with other slave computers. The power module is used to provide operating power to the lower-level machine.

[0010] Optionally, the multidimensional state perception module includes: The temperature sensing submodule includes a combination of a low-resolution infrared array temperature sensor and a high-precision point temperature sensor. The infrared array temperature sensor is used to acquire regional temperature distribution information inside the switchgear, and the point temperature sensor is used to acquire local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. The temperature sensing submodule is arranged in layers and zones based on the thermal distribution characteristics inside the switchgear. The electrical parameter and partial discharge sensing submodule acquires broadband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals through a combination of Rogowski coils and capacitive voltage dividers; and The acoustic sensing submodule uses a broadband ultrasonic sensor to collect acoustic signals associated with partial discharge, enabling joint acoustic-electric monitoring.

[0011] Optionally, the power module adopts a power supply method combining inductive power supply and lithium battery redundancy backup, including: The inductive voltage harvesting module includes an energy harvesting coil / current transformer, a rectifier circuit, and a pre-stage voltage regulator circuit; wherein, the energy harvesting coil is an open-type current transformer, and the AC voltage output by the transformer is rectified by a Schottky rectifier bridge and then input into a DC-DC step-down module for voltage regulation. The lithium battery redundancy backup submodule includes a lithium battery pack, charging management circuit, and battery protection circuit. It integrates battery charging management and power path control functions using the BQ24074 chip. When the inductively coupled module meets power supply requirements, it prioritizes powering the system and charging the lithium battery. When the inductively coupled module is insufficient or loses power, it automatically and seamlessly switches to lithium battery power supply mode. The multi-stage voltage regulation submodule is powered by a DC-DC module. The analog acquisition and high-precision ADC power supply section uses a low-noise LDO for secondary voltage regulation. An EMI filter network and surge / ESD protection devices are set at the power input terminal, and opto-isolation devices are used where necessary.

[0012] Optionally, the system logic control module further includes: The communication networking module is configured to establish a communication network between the host computer and the multiple slave computers, and to manage the data access of each slave computer; the communication networking module adopts a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus; The time synchronization and data synchronization module is used to establish a unified time reference among the multiple lower-level machines, so that the local time of each lower-level machine is synchronized with the unified time reference, and the multi-dimensional status data collected by each lower-level machine is consistent in the time dimension, thereby realizing the time alignment of cross-node data. The acquisition mode control module is used to control the multiple lower-level machines to switch between at least two acquisition modes, including a continuous acquisition mode and a triggered acquisition mode.

[0013] Optionally, the time synchronization and data synchronization module establishes a multi-layered time synchronization and data synchronization mechanism, including: The timing layer runs on the host computer and is equipped with a main controller. The main controller is equipped with a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module to acquire standard time signals and use them as the unified time reference of the system. The main controller periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node. The node synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to periodically synchronize with the upper-level machine via a precise time synchronization protocol, estimating and correcting the clock offset and frequency deviation of the local clock relative to the unified time reference. Specifically, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet, estimating and correcting the node's clock offset and link delay through timestamp exchange between the master clock and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and link delay d are as follows:

[0014] Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the data, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the data; and The data synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to record event timestamps based on the unified time base when an abnormal event is detected, and to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional state data within a preset time window. When any acquisition node detects that the electrical signal amplitude exceeds a preset threshold or meets the partial discharge pulse characteristic criteria, an abnormal event trigger signal is generated. This node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event timestamp. The system then publishes the event synchronization window to relevant nodes.

[0015] in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

[0016] As another aspect of the present invention, a method for multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing of switchgear is provided, which is implemented using the aforementioned multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system for switchgear. The method includes the following steps: S1. Multi-source status information synchronous acquisition steps: Utilize multiple lower-level machines deployed in various monitoring areas of the switchgear to acquire multi-source status information during the operation of the switchgear, including temperature distribution information, electrical parameters and partial discharge signals, as well as acoustic signals; perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time, and add local timestamps to the acquired data; S2. Time synchronization and data alignment steps: The host computer is used as the main control node of the system to obtain a standard time signal as a unified time reference and periodically send time calibration information to each slave computer; each slave computer performs periodic time synchronization with the host computer through a precise time synchronization protocol, estimates and corrects the clock offset and frequency deviation of the local clock relative to the unified time reference, so that the local time of each slave computer is synchronized with the unified time reference. S3. Adaptive control steps for acquisition mode: Based on the operating status of the switch cabinet, control each lower-level machine to switch between continuous acquisition mode and triggered acquisition mode; use the selected acquisition mode to centrally acquire and cache the corresponding multi-dimensional status data; S4. Data aggregation and collaborative analysis steps: Each lower-level machine uploads the collected data with timestamps to the upper-level machine; when an abnormal event is detected, each relevant node collects or extracts temperature, electrical and acoustic data synchronously within the preset event synchronization time window according to the unified time benchmark, realizes time alignment of cross-node and cross-physical quantity data, and aggregates the data to the upper-level machine for centralized processing and correlation analysis.

[0017] Optionally, the synchronous acquisition of multi-source state information in step S1 further includes: Low-resolution infrared array temperature sensors are used to obtain regional temperature distribution information inside the switch cabinet, while high-precision point temperature sensors are used to obtain local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. Wideband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals are acquired by combining Rogowski coils and capacitor voltage dividers. Acoustic signals associated with partial discharge are acquired using a broadband ultrasonic sensor to achieve combined acoustic and electrical monitoring. Furthermore, a high-precision synchronous sampling ADC module is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals, enabling multiple sampling channels to complete analog-to-digital conversion at the same sampling time, thus avoiding time deviation caused by multiplexed sampling from a hardware perspective.

[0018] Optionally, the time synchronization and data alignment in step S2 further includes the following steps: At the time synchronization layer, the host computer's main controller obtains a standard time signal through the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode time synchronization module as the unified time reference of the system, and periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node. At the node synchronization layer, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet. It estimates and corrects the node clock offset and link delay by exchanging timestamps between the master and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and the link delay d are as follows:

[0019] Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the information, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the information. At the data synchronization layer, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event time stamp. The system publishes an event synchronization window to the relevant nodes:

[0020] in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

[0021] Optionally, the adaptive control of the acquisition mode in step S3 further includes: In continuous acquisition mode, each lower-level machine continuously records multi-dimensional status information such as temperature, electrical and acoustic at a preset low sampling frequency, and uploads the data to the upper-level machine at a preset period for long-term monitoring and trend analysis of the switch cabinet's operating status. In trigger-based acquisition mode, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the system automatically switches to a high sampling frequency acquisition state. The trigger node and its associated nodes, under the unified time reference, acquire data prior to the occurrence of the abnormal event. Time until after it happened Multidimensional state data within a time frame are centrally collected, locally cached and recorded, and the relevant data is uploaded to the host computer to fully record the occurrence and evolution of abnormal states; And once the abnormal event is handled, the system automatically switches back to continuous acquisition mode to reduce system power consumption and data volume.

[0022] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a multi-dimensional state synchronous sensing system and method for switchgear. By integrating multiple state sensing functions, it realizes the synchronous acquisition of multi-source state information such as switchgear temperature, electrical parameters, partial discharge, and acoustics, comprehensively reflecting the overall operating status of the equipment and improving the accuracy and timeliness of fault diagnosis.

[0023] In this invention, by combining GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing with the IEEE 1588 protocol, time synchronization among multiple acquisition nodes is achieved, ensuring the consistency of different state data in the time dimension, and providing a reliable data foundation for multidimensional state coupling analysis and anomaly evolution process tracking.

[0024] In this invention, by supporting the dynamic switching between continuous monitoring and high temporal resolution recording of abnormal events, the needs of long-term operation status monitoring are met, and the system can automatically switch to high-frequency acquisition mode when an anomaly occurs, so as to fully record the development process of the fault or abnormal state, thereby improving the flexibility and effectiveness of monitoring.

[0025] In this invention, by adopting a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus, the flexibility of multi-node access and the reliability of data transmission are improved, adapting to the communication needs of complex industrial environments and ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of monitoring data.

[0026] In this invention, the power module adopts an inductive power supply and a lithium battery redundancy backup design, combined with anti-interference measures such as EMI filtering, opto-isolation and surge protection, to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device under power failure or low load conditions, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the system and reducing operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, obtaining other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort still falls within the scope of the present invention. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a switchgear multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lower-level computer structure; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the power supply module; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the system logic control module; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main flow of an embodiment of a multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing method for switchgear provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates a structural schematic of an embodiment of a multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system for switchgear provided by the present invention; in conjunction with... Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the switchgear multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system includes at least: Multiple slave devices 1 for multi-dimensional status acquisition are deployed in various monitoring areas of the switch cabinet to complete the acquisition, synchronous collection, local processing and data uploading of multi-source status information in the field environment; The host computer 2 is communicatively connected to the multiple slave computers and is used to centrally receive, store and process the data uploaded by each slave computer, and serves as the main control node of the system. The system logic control module 3 runs in the lower-level machine and the upper-level machine, and is used to realize the collaborative operation of multiple lower-level machines and time consistency management, and to control the acquisition mode of each lower-level machine.

[0030] The following will be combined Figures 2 to 4 A detailed description of each component in the multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system for the switchgear is provided.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the lower-level machine is a field-deployed sensing node, and the lower-level machine 1 further includes: The multi-dimensional state perception module 10 is used to acquire temperature distribution information, electrical parameters, partial discharge signals, and acoustic signals during the operation of the switchgear. The data acquisition and processing module 11 is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time and add a local timestamp to the acquired data; it is also used to perform synchronous sampling control, data caching and communication management on the multi-source state information acquired by the multi-dimensional state perception module. The communication module 12 is used to upload the timestamped collected data to the host computer and to communicate with other slave computers. Power module 13 is used to provide operating power to the lower-level machine.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the multidimensional state perception module 10 includes: The temperature sensing submodule 100 includes a combination of a low-resolution infrared array temperature sensor and a high-precision point temperature sensor. The infrared array temperature sensor is used to acquire regional temperature distribution information inside the switch cabinet, and the point temperature sensor is used to acquire local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. The temperature sensing submodule is arranged in layers and zones based on the thermal distribution characteristics inside the switch cabinet. The electrical parameter and partial discharge sensing submodule 101 acquires broadband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals through a combination of Rogowski coils and capacitive voltage dividers; and The acoustic sensing submodule 102 uses a broadband ultrasonic sensor to collect acoustic signals associated with partial discharge, thereby achieving joint acoustic-electric monitoring.

[0033] In a specific example, the temperature sensing submodule 100 includes a combination of a low-resolution infrared array temperature sensor and a high-precision point temperature sensor.

[0034] In this embodiment, the infrared array temperature sensor selected is the MLX90640, with a resolution of 32×24 pixels, a field of view of 110°×75°, and a temperature measurement range of [missing information]. Temperature range: 40 ℃ to 300 ℃, with a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1 ℃.

[0035] The infrared array temperature sensor is connected to the STM32 main controller via the I²C bus. The main controller reads the array temperature data according to a set period to obtain regional temperature distribution information inside the switch cabinet.

[0036] The point-type temperature sensor uses a PT100 platinum resistance thermometer and is installed at key electrical connection points such as busbar connection points and circuit breaker moving and stationary contacts to obtain local temperature information.

[0037] In this embodiment, the PT100 uses a constant current source excitation method. Its output voltage signal is differentially amplified and low-noise conditioned before being connected to a synchronous sampling ADC to achieve a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.1 ℃.

[0038] The arrangement of temperature sensing units is optimized based on the thermal field distribution characteristics inside the switchgear. The arrangement strategy is determined based on the simulation analysis results of the thermal field inside the switchgear and adopts a layered and zoned arrangement method to improve the integrity and reliability of temperature sensing.

[0039] In the cable compartment area, multiple sets of infrared temperature array sensors are arranged around the busbar and its connection points, which are the main heat sources. These infrared temperature array sensors are distributed radially or in a ring-like manner to ensure that their field of view covers the main heat-generating area. Appropriate overlap is provided between the fields of view of adjacent infrared temperature array sensors to avoid monitoring blind spots and to achieve redundant acquisition of temperature data through field-of-view overlap, thereby improving the stability and reliability of regional temperature sensing.

[0040] In the circuit breaker compartment area, multiple point-type temperature sensors are arranged along the movement trajectory and contact position of the moving and stationary contacts of the circuit breaker to monitor the local temperature changes at the contact points in real time, so as to reflect the contact status and operating conditions of the contacts.

[0041] To ensure the accuracy and repeatability of temperature measurement results, the installation position of the temperature sensor is determined based on simulation analysis results, and precise positioning and calibration are performed during the installation process to ensure that the sensor placement meets the predetermined spatial arrangement accuracy requirements.

[0042] More specifically, the electrical parameter and partial discharge sensing submodule 101 is used to acquire broadband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals.

[0043] In this embodiment, electrical and partial discharge signals are acquired via a Rogowski coil and a capacitive voltage divider. The acquired signals first enter an analog front-end conditioning circuit, which includes: an input protection circuit; a broadband amplification circuit; and a bandpass filter and anti-aliasing filter circuit.

[0044] The conditioned signal is fed into a synchronous sampling ADC with a configurable sampling rate, used to capture nanosecond-level partial discharge pulse characteristics.

[0045] More specifically, the acoustic sensing submodule 102 is used to acquire acoustic signals associated with partial discharge.

[0046] In this embodiment, the acoustic monitoring unit employs a broadband ultrasonic sensor with a frequency response range of 20 kHz to 300 kHz and a sensitivity superior to [previous value missing]. 65 dB.

[0047] The ultrasonic sensor output signal is amplified by a wideband and filtered by a bandpass filter before being fed into a synchronous sampling ADC. The acquisition is completed under the unified time reference of the main control STM32, realizing the synchronous acquisition of acoustic and electrical signals.

[0048] In a specific example, the data acquisition and processing module 11 is based on an STM32 microcontroller. In a preferred embodiment, the STM32 microcontroller is an STM32H743 with a main frequency of 400 MHz. It has a built-in high-speed bus and rich interfaces such as SPI, I²C, USART, CAN, and Ethernet MAC, which can meet the requirements of multi-channel synchronous acquisition control and high-speed data processing.

[0049] The STM32 main controller is responsible for the following functions: multi-sensor sampling scheduling and working mode management; generation and distribution of synchronous sampling trigger signals; buffering, time stamping and encapsulation of acquired data; and communication management with the host computer and other acquisition nodes.

[0050] In this embodiment, the main controller generates a unified sampling timing sequence through a hardware timer and controls the ADC sampling start through an external synchronization signal, thereby achieving consistent sampling times across multiple channels.

[0051] To achieve high-precision synchronous acquisition of multi-source analog signals, the lower-level machine is equipped with a 24-bit high-precision synchronous sampling ADC module, which supports 16-channel synchronous sampling.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the ADC module is composed of two cascaded ADS131M08 synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converters. Each ADS131M08 is a 24-bit, 8-channel synchronous sampling ADC, employing a Δ-Σ architecture and supporting hardware synchronous startup.

[0053] The two ADCs share a synchronous sampling control signal, which is triggered uniformly by the STM32 main controller, so that the 16 sampling channels complete analog-to-digital conversion at the same sampling time, thus avoiding the time deviation caused by multiplexing sampling at the hardware level.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in a specific example, the power module 13 adopts a power supply method combining inductive power supply and lithium battery redundancy backup, including: The inductive power extraction module 130 includes a power extraction coil / current transformer, a rectifier circuit, and a pre-stage voltage regulator circuit. The power extraction coil is an open-type current transformer for easy installation without power interruption. The AC voltage output from the transformer is rectified by a Schottky rectifier bridge and then input to a DC-DC step-down module for voltage regulation. The DC-DC step-down module is preferably a TPS54202, used to convert the power extraction voltage into a stable DC power supply required by the system. The lithium battery redundancy backup submodule 131 includes a lithium battery pack, a charging management circuit, and a battery protection circuit. It integrates battery charging management and power path control functions using a BQ24074 chip. When the inductively coupled electronic module (ICM) meets power supply requirements, it prioritizes supplying power to the system and charging the lithium battery. When the ICM is insufficient or loses power, it automatically and seamlessly switches to the lithium battery power supply mode to ensure continuous operation of the lower-level machine. The multi-stage voltage regulation submodule 132 is powered by a DC-DC module. The analog acquisition and high-precision ADC (analog-to-digital converter) power supply section uses a low-noise LDO (low-dropout linear regulator) for secondary voltage regulation. The TPS7A20 is preferred as the low-noise LDO to reduce the impact of power supply noise on measurement accuracy. An EMI (electromagnetic interference) filter network (including a common-mode inductor and an LC filter network) and surge / ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection devices (including transient voltage suppression TVS diodes and overcurrent protection devices) are installed at the power input. Opto-isolation devices are used where necessary, and the PC817 is preferred as the optocoupler to improve anti-interference capability and power supply reliability in strong electromagnetic environments.

[0055] Specifically, the communication module 12 is used to realize data communication between the lower-level machine and the upper-level machine or other acquisition nodes, so as to support the networking of multiple lower-level machines and the uploading and management of multi-dimensional status data.

[0056] In this embodiment, the lower-level machine integrates an industrial Ethernet interface and a CAN bus interface. The industrial Ethernet interface includes an Ethernet MAC (provided by STM32), an Ethernet PHY chip, an RJ45 interface, and a network isolation magnetic device. The Ethernet PHY chip is preferably a LAN8720A, which connects to the STM32 via an RMII interface to achieve 10 / 100 Mbps data communication. ESD / surge protection devices are installed on the Ethernet cable side to improve the reliability of the interface in industrial environments.

[0057] The CAN bus interface includes a CAN controller (provided by STM32) and a CAN transceiver. The CAN transceiver is preferably an ISO1050 isolated type to enhance anti-interference capabilities in strong electromagnetic environments and under multi-point grounding conditions. Termination matching resistors and common-mode filtering devices are configured at the CANH and CANL terminals to ensure stable bus communication.

[0058] Communication data is uniformly encapsulated by the main STM32 controller, and the data frame contains node identifiers, timestamps, and multi-dimensional status data. The encapsulated data can be uploaded to the host computer via industrial Ethernet or forwarded to other acquisition nodes via CAN bus, providing a communication foundation for collaborative sensing and centralized management of multiple lower-level machines.

[0059] In one specific implementation, the host computer 2 is a centralized management device, which can be implemented using an industrial control computer, an embedded server, or an industrial computing device with edge computing capabilities.

[0060] The host computer 2 includes at least a processing unit, a storage unit, and a communication interface unit, used for centralized reception, storage, processing, and management of data from multiple slave computers.

[0061] The processing unit can be a multi-core general-purpose processor or an industrial-grade processor to run the system logic control module and data management related programs to meet the computing needs of multiple lower-level machine nodes access, time coordination and data processing. The storage unit includes volatile memory and non-volatile memory, used to cache runtime data, store historical state data and system configuration parameters; The communication interface unit includes at least an industrial Ethernet communication interface and can be expanded with other communication interfaces according to the system scale to realize data communication with multiple lower-level machines.

[0062] In this embodiment, the host computer forms a master-slave or centralized management connection structure with the slave computer through the communication interface unit. It is used to receive multi-dimensional status data uploaded by the slave computer, send system configuration parameters and time synchronization related information, and provide unified data management and communication support for the operation of the system logic control module.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, in a specific example, at the system logic and software level, this invention achieves collaborative operation and time consistency management of multiple lower-level machines through program units running in the lower-level and upper-level machines, and realizes reliable access and data aggregation of multiple nodes through a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus; it achieves time consistency of multiple lower-level machines through unified time synchronization and node time synchronization mechanism; and it realizes dynamic switching between continuous monitoring and abnormal event recording through acquisition mode control. Specifically, the system logic control module 3 further includes: The communication networking module 30 is configured to establish a communication network between the host computer and the multiple slave computers, and to manage the data access of each slave computer; the communication networking module adopts a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus; The time synchronization and data synchronization module 31 is used to establish a unified time reference among the multiple lower-level machines, so that the local time of each lower-level machine is synchronized with the unified time reference, and the multi-dimensional status data collected by each lower-level machine is consistent in the time dimension. The acquisition mode control module 32 is used to control the plurality of lower-level machines to switch between at least two acquisition modes, the at least two acquisition modes including continuous acquisition mode and trigger acquisition mode.

[0064] It is understood that, in the communication networking module 30 of this embodiment, multiple lower-level machines form a hybrid communication network through industrial Ethernet and CAN bus.

[0065] Industrial Ethernet serves as the system backbone network, used for high-speed data transmission and centralized management between multiple lower-level nodes and the host computer. Each lower-level node connects to the network switching device via an Ethernet interface, while the host computer, acting as the network management node, uniformly numbers, configures parameters, and monitors the operational status of each data acquisition node. This backbone network approach enables real-time aggregation of multi-node, multi-dimensional status data.

[0066] The CAN bus, used as a near-end communication or tributary communication method, is employed for data forwarding and node expansion between spatially concentrated acquisition nodes. In this embodiment, the CAN bus is used to connect multiple acquisition nodes within local areas such as cable rooms and circuit breaker rooms, thereby improving the system's access flexibility and communication reliability in complex field environments.

[0067] Through the above hybrid networking structure, the system ensures real-time data transmission while also taking into account communication stability and scalability under multi-node deployment conditions.

[0068] Understandably, in order to avoid data time deviation caused by inconsistent local clocks in multiple lower-level machine nodes under distributed deployment conditions, this embodiment establishes a multi-level time synchronization and data synchronization mechanism at the system level to build a unified time reference framework and ensure the consistency and comparability of multi-node and multi-source status data in the time dimension.

[0069] In a multi-lower-level system, the local clock of the i-th acquisition node can be abstractly represented as: (1) in, Represents the ideal unified time of the system. This indicates the frequency deviation of the node's local clock relative to a uniform time. This indicates the initial time offset of the node. It is affected by environmental changes and device characteristics. and It will change over time, causing the data collected at different nodes to shift on the time axis.

[0070] The clock offset between any two acquisition nodes i and j can be expressed as: (2) If the aforementioned deviations are not corrected, it will be difficult to map data collected by different nodes to the same time axis. Therefore, this embodiment estimates and corrects the time offset and frequency deviation of nodes through a system-level time synchronization mechanism, establishing a mapping relationship from local time to a unified time. For node i, its unified time estimate can be expressed as: (3) in, and These are the frequency deviation estimates and time offset estimates obtained during the time synchronization process. Through the above mapping, the local timestamps of the data collected by each node can be converted into a unified timestamp for cross-node data alignment.

[0071] The time synchronization and data synchronization module 31 establishes a multi-layered time synchronization and data synchronization mechanism, including: The timing layer runs on the host computer and is equipped with a main controller. The main controller is equipped with a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module to acquire standard time signals and use them as the unified time reference of the system. The main controller periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node so that each node has a consistent time reference. The node synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to periodically synchronize with the upper-level machine via a precise time synchronization protocol, estimating and correcting the clock offset and frequency deviation of the local clock relative to the unified time reference. Specifically, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet, estimating and correcting the node's clock offset and link delay through timestamp exchange between the master clock and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and link delay d are as follows: (4) Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the information, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the information. The nodes correct their local time based on the bias estimate and track and correct the frequency deviation by combining periodic time synchronization, so that each acquisition node maintains a unified time reference during system operation, providing a basic guarantee for the time consistency of cross-node data.

[0072] And a data synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to record event timestamps according to the unified time base when an abnormal event is detected, and to synchronously collect multi-dimensional state data within a preset time window; when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event timestamp, and the system publishes the event synchronization window to relevant nodes: (5) in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

[0073] Understandably, by providing a unified time reference through the time synchronization layer, implementing time correction and drift correction through the node synchronization layer, and coordinating the event triggering window mechanism through the data synchronization layer, the system can map data collected by multiple nodes to the same time axis, enabling state information from different locations and different physical quantities to have time consistency and comparability, thereby providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent multidimensional state coupling analysis and tracking of abnormal evolution processes.

[0074] Furthermore, for the acquisition mode control module 32, in this embodiment, the system supports two working modes in the host computer control: continuous acquisition mode and triggered acquisition mode, and automatically switches between the two modes according to the operating status.

[0075] In continuous acquisition mode, each lower-level machine continuously records multi-dimensional status information such as temperature, electrical and acoustic data according to a preset sampling strategy, and uploads the data to the upper-level machine in a periodic manner for long-term monitoring and trend analysis of the switchgear's operating status.

[0076] In trigger-based acquisition mode, when any acquisition node detects an abnormal event, the system automatically enters a high-temporal-resolution acquisition state. Under a unified time reference, the trigger node and its associated nodes centrally acquire and cache multi-dimensional state data before and after the anomaly occurs, and upload the relevant data to the host computer to fully record the occurrence and evolution of the abnormal state.

[0077] Through an adaptive switching mechanism for acquisition modes, the system can ensure low data volume and low power consumption during normal operation, while acquiring high-value status information with time consistency under abnormal conditions.

[0078] Through the above-mentioned multi-lower-level machine networking communication and time synchronization mechanism, this invention realizes the synchronous acquisition and centralized management of multiple acquisition nodes and multiple status data under a unified time reference at the system level, so that the operating status information from different locations and different physical quantities can be correlated and analyzed on the same time axis, thereby providing reliable data support for switchgear operating status assessment, anomaly diagnosis and fault analysis.

[0079] It is understood that the system provided by this invention can be used in application scenarios requiring comprehensive online monitoring and synchronous analysis of the operating status of power equipment, including but not limited to monitoring of power distribution and transmission equipment, operation and maintenance management of power plants and substations, industrial and critical power supply systems, smart grids and the Internet of Things for power. By integrating advanced technologies such as multi-source status sensing, time synchronization, data synchronization, and flexible acquisition mode control, it achieves comprehensive, accurate, and real-time monitoring of the operating status of switchgear, providing strong support for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0080] like Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates the main flow of an embodiment of a multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing method for switchgear provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the method employs the following... Figures 1 to 4 The described switchgear multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system is used to achieve this, and the method includes the following steps: S1. Multi-source status information synchronous acquisition steps: Utilize multiple lower-level machines deployed in various monitoring areas of the switchgear to acquire multi-source status information during the operation of the switchgear, including temperature distribution information, electrical parameters and partial discharge signals, as well as acoustic signals; perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time, and add local timestamps to the acquired data; S2. Time synchronization and data alignment steps: The host computer is used as the main control node of the system to obtain a standard time signal as a unified time reference and periodically send time calibration information to each slave computer; each slave computer performs periodic time synchronization with the host computer through a precise time synchronization protocol, estimates and corrects the clock offset and frequency deviation of the local clock relative to the unified time reference, so that the local time of each slave computer is synchronized with the unified time reference. S3. Adaptive control steps for acquisition mode: Based on the operating status of the switch cabinet, control each lower-level machine to switch between continuous acquisition mode and triggered acquisition mode; use the selected acquisition mode to centrally acquire and cache the corresponding multi-dimensional status data; S4. Data aggregation and collaborative analysis steps: Each lower-level machine uploads the collected data with timestamps to the upper-level machine; when an abnormal event is detected, each relevant node collects or extracts temperature, electrical and acoustic data synchronously within the preset event synchronization time window according to the unified time benchmark, realizes time alignment of cross-node and cross-physical quantity data, and aggregates the data to the upper-level machine for centralized processing and correlation analysis.

[0081] More specifically, the synchronous acquisition of multi-source state information in step S1 further includes: Low-resolution infrared array temperature sensors are used to obtain regional temperature distribution information inside the switch cabinet, while high-precision point temperature sensors are used to obtain local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. Wideband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals are acquired by combining Rogowski coils and capacitor voltage dividers. Acoustic signals associated with partial discharge are acquired using a broadband ultrasonic sensor to achieve combined acoustic and electrical monitoring. Furthermore, a high-precision synchronous sampling ADC module is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals, enabling multiple sampling channels to complete analog-to-digital conversion at the same sampling time, thus avoiding time deviation caused by multiplexed sampling from a hardware perspective.

[0082] More specifically, the time synchronization and data alignment in step S2 further includes the following steps: At the time synchronization layer, the host computer's main controller obtains a standard time signal through the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode time synchronization module as the unified time reference of the system, and periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node. At the node synchronization layer, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet. It estimates and corrects the node clock offset and link delay by exchanging timestamps between the master and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and the link delay d are as follows:

[0083] Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the information, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the information. At the data synchronization layer, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event time stamp. The system publishes an event synchronization window to the relevant nodes:

[0084] in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

[0085] More specifically, the adaptive control of the acquisition mode in step S3 further includes: In continuous acquisition mode, each lower-level machine continuously records multi-dimensional status information such as temperature, electrical and acoustic at a preset low sampling frequency, and uploads the data to the upper-level machine at a preset period for long-term monitoring and trend analysis of the switch cabinet's operating status. In trigger-based acquisition mode, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the system automatically switches to a high sampling frequency acquisition state. The trigger node and its associated nodes, under the unified time reference, acquire data prior to the occurrence of the abnormal event. Time until after it happened Multidimensional state data within a time frame are centrally collected, locally cached and recorded, and the relevant data is uploaded to the host computer to fully record the occurrence and evolution of abnormal states; And once the abnormal event is handled, the system automatically switches back to continuous acquisition mode to reduce system power consumption and data volume.

[0086] For more details, please refer to the aforementioned [reference]. Figures 1 to 4 The description of that will not be repeated here.

[0087] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a multi-dimensional state synchronous sensing system and method for switchgear. By integrating multiple state sensing functions, it realizes the synchronous acquisition of multi-source state information such as switchgear temperature, electrical parameters, partial discharge, and acoustics, comprehensively reflecting the overall operating status of the equipment and improving the accuracy and timeliness of fault diagnosis.

[0088] In this invention, by combining GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing with the IEEE 1588 protocol, time synchronization among multiple acquisition nodes is achieved, ensuring the consistency of different state data in the time dimension, and providing a reliable data foundation for multidimensional state coupling analysis and anomaly evolution process tracking.

[0089] In this invention, by supporting the dynamic switching between continuous monitoring and high temporal resolution recording of abnormal events, the needs of long-term operation status monitoring are met, and the system can automatically switch to high-frequency acquisition mode when an anomaly occurs, so as to fully record the development process of the fault or abnormal state, thereby improving the flexibility and effectiveness of monitoring.

[0090] In this invention, by adopting a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus, the flexibility of multi-node access and the reliability of data transmission are improved, adapting to the communication needs of complex industrial environments and ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of monitoring data.

[0091] In this invention, the power module adopts an inductive power supply and a lithium battery redundancy backup design, combined with anti-interference measures such as EMI filtering, opto-isolation and surge protection, to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device under power failure or low load conditions, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the system and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0092] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 Units that specify functions within one or more boxes.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional state synchronous sensing system for switchgear, characterized in that, include: Multiple slave devices for multi-dimensional status acquisition are deployed in various monitoring areas of the switch cabinet to acquire, synchronously collect, process locally and upload data from multiple sources in the field environment. The host computer communicates with the multiple slave computers and is used to centrally receive, store and process the data uploaded by each slave computer, and serves as the main control node of the system. The system logic control module runs in both the lower-level machine and the upper-level machine. It is used to realize the collaborative operation of multiple lower-level machines and time consistency management, and to control the acquisition mode of each lower-level machine.

2. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower-level machine further includes: The multi-dimensional state perception module is used to acquire temperature distribution information, electrical parameters, partial discharge signals, and acoustic signals during the operation of the switchgear. The data acquisition and processing module is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time and add a local timestamp to the acquired data; it is also used to perform synchronous sampling control, data caching and communication management on the multi-source state information acquired by the multi-dimensional state perception module. The communication module is used to upload timestamped collected data to the host computer and to communicate with other slave computers. The power module is used to provide operating power to the lower-level machine.

3. The system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional state perception module includes: The temperature sensing submodule includes a combination of a low-resolution infrared array temperature sensor and a high-precision point temperature sensor. The infrared array temperature sensor is used to acquire regional temperature distribution information inside the switchgear, and the point temperature sensor is used to acquire local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. The temperature sensing submodule is arranged in layers and zones based on the thermal distribution characteristics inside the switchgear. The electrical parameter and partial discharge sensing submodule acquires broadband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals through a combination of Rogowski coils and capacitive voltage dividers; and The acoustic sensing submodule uses a broadband ultrasonic sensor to collect acoustic signals associated with partial discharge, enabling joint acoustic-electric monitoring.

4. The system as described in claim 3, wherein the power module adopts a power supply method combining inductive power supply and lithium battery redundancy backup, comprising: The inductive voltage extraction module includes an energy extraction coil / current transformer, a rectifier circuit, and a pre-stage voltage regulator circuit. The energy extraction coil is an open-type current transformer. The AC voltage output by the transformer is rectified by a Schottky rectifier bridge and then input into a DC-DC step-down module for voltage regulation. The lithium battery redundancy backup submodule includes a lithium battery pack, charging management circuit, and battery protection circuit. It integrates battery charging management and power path control functions using the BQ24074 chip. When the inductively coupled module meets power supply requirements, it prioritizes powering the system and charging the lithium battery. When the inductively coupled module is insufficient or loses power, it automatically and seamlessly switches to lithium battery power supply mode. The multi-stage voltage regulation submodule is powered by a DC-DC module. The analog acquisition and high-precision ADC power supply section uses a low-noise LDO for secondary voltage regulation. An EMI filter network and surge / ESD protection devices are set at the power input.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The system logic control module further includes: The communication networking module is configured to establish a communication network between the host computer and the multiple slave computers, and to manage the data access of each slave computer; the communication networking module adopts a hybrid networking method of industrial Ethernet and CAN bus; The time synchronization and data synchronization module is used to establish a unified time reference among the multiple lower-level machines, so that the local time of each lower-level machine is synchronized with the unified time reference, and the multi-dimensional status data collected by each lower-level machine is consistent in the time dimension. The acquisition mode control module is used to control the multiple lower-level machines to switch between at least two acquisition modes, including a continuous acquisition mode and a triggered acquisition mode.

6. The switchgear multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The time synchronization and data synchronization module establishes a multi-layered time synchronization and data synchronization mechanism, including: The timing layer runs on the host computer and is equipped with a main controller. The main controller is equipped with a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module to acquire standard time signals and use them as the unified time reference of the system. The main controller periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node. The node synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to periodically synchronize with the upper-level machine via a precise time synchronization protocol, estimating and correcting the clock offset and frequency deviation of the local clock relative to the unified time reference. Specifically, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet, estimating and correcting the node's clock offset and link delay through timestamp exchange between the master clock and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and link delay d are as follows: Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the data, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the data; and The data synchronization layer, running on each lower-level machine, is used to record event timestamps based on the unified time base when an abnormal event is detected, and to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional state data within a preset time window. When any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event timestamp. The system then publishes the event synchronization window to relevant nodes. in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

7. A method for multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing of switchgear, implemented using the multi-dimensional state synchronization sensing system for switchgear as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Multi-source status information synchronous acquisition steps: Use multiple lower-level machines deployed in each monitoring area of ​​the switchgear to acquire multi-source status information during the operation of the switchgear; perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals at the same sampling time, and add local timestamps to the acquired data; S2. Time synchronization and data alignment steps: The host computer is used as the main control node of the system to obtain a standard time signal as a unified time reference and periodically send time calibration information to each slave computer; each slave computer performs periodic time synchronization with the host computer through a precise time synchronization protocol to keep the local time of each slave computer synchronized with the unified time reference. S3. Adaptive control steps for acquisition mode: Based on the operating status of the switch cabinet, control each lower-level machine to switch between continuous acquisition mode and triggered acquisition mode; use the selected acquisition mode to centrally acquire and cache the corresponding multi-dimensional status data; S4. Data aggregation and collaborative analysis steps: Each lower-level machine uploads the collected data with timestamps to the upper-level machine; when an abnormal event is detected, each relevant node collects or extracts temperature, electrical and acoustic data synchronously within the preset event synchronization time window according to the unified time benchmark, realizes time alignment of cross-node and cross-physical quantity data, and aggregates the data to the upper-level machine for centralized processing and correlation analysis.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-source state information synchronous acquisition in step S1 further includes: Low-resolution infrared array temperature sensors are used to obtain regional temperature distribution information inside the switch cabinet, while high-precision point temperature sensors are used to obtain local temperature information of key electrical connection parts. Wideband electrical signals and partial discharge pulse signals are acquired by combining Rogowski coils and capacitor voltage dividers. Acoustic signals associated with partial discharge are acquired using a broadband ultrasonic sensor to achieve combined acoustic and electrical monitoring. Furthermore, a high-precision synchronous sampling ADC module is used to perform synchronous analog-to-digital conversion on multiple analog signals, enabling multiple sampling channels to complete analog-to-digital conversion at the same sampling time, thus avoiding time deviation caused by multiplexed sampling from a hardware perspective.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The time synchronization and data alignment in step S2 further includes the following steps: At the time synchronization layer, the host computer's main controller obtains a standard time signal through the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode time synchronization module as the unified time reference of the system, and periodically sends time calibration information to each lower-level node. At the node synchronization layer, each lower-level machine runs the IEEE 1588 precise time synchronization mechanism via industrial Ethernet. It estimates and corrects the node clock offset and link delay by exchanging timestamps between the master and slave nodes. The estimation formulas for the master-slave clock offset θ and the link delay d are as follows: Where t1 is the time when the master clock sends synchronization information, t2 is the time when the slave node receives the information, t3 is the time when the slave node sends a delay request, and t4 is the time when the master clock receives the information. At the data synchronization layer, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the node generates an event identifier locally and records the corresponding unified event time stamp. The system publishes an event synchronization window to the relevant nodes: in, To standardize the time stamp for events, The length of the data buffer window before the event is triggered. The data recording window length after the event is triggered; relevant nodes record data within the window based on a unified time reference. Within the coverage area, temperature, electrical, and acoustic data are collected or extracted simultaneously.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The adaptive control of the acquisition mode in step S3 further includes: In continuous acquisition mode, each lower-level machine continuously records multi-dimensional status information such as temperature, electrical and acoustic at a preset low sampling frequency, and uploads the data to the upper-level machine at a preset period for long-term monitoring and trend analysis of the switch cabinet's operating status. In trigger-based acquisition mode, when any acquisition node detects a partial discharge pulse or other abnormal state characteristics, the system automatically switches to a high sampling frequency acquisition state. The trigger node and its associated nodes, under the unified time reference, acquire data prior to the occurrence of the abnormal event. Time until after it happened Multidimensional state data within a time frame are centrally collected, locally cached and recorded, and the relevant data is uploaded to the host computer to fully record the occurrence and evolution of abnormal states; And once the abnormal event is handled, the system automatically switches back to continuous acquisition mode to reduce system power consumption and data volume.

Images