Hydrogen energy long-time backup power supply system coordinated with substation ups and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a long-term hydrogen energy backup power system and control method for substations in coordination with UPS. The steps include: Step S1, system operation status monitoring and key parameter acquisition; Step S2, hydrogen production and energy storage control under normal operating conditions; Step S3, UPS instantaneous takeover under abnormal operating conditions; Step S4, hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply startup determination; Step S5, hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply startup and output preparation; Step S6, UPS and hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply power coordination access; Step S7, long-term backup power supply and key load hierarchical protection control; Step S8, abnormal operating condition monitoring and linkage protection control; Step S9, input power recovery identification and smooth system switchback; Step S10, backup power supply shutdown and system reset. This invention achieves a smooth transition from UPS instantaneous support to long-term hydrogen energy power supply for key loads in substations, improving the long-term power supply capacity, operational reliability, and low-carbon level of the backup power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of backup power supplies for power systems, and particularly relates to a hydrogen energy long-duration backup power supply system coordinated with a substation UPS. Background Art

[0002] Existing backup power supplies for substation use are usually composed of a combination of a UPS system and a diesel generator set. The UPS system can achieve millisecond-level instantaneous uninterrupted power supply when the external power supply is abnormal, but its power supply duration is limited by the battery capacity; although the diesel generator set can provide a long-duration backup power supply capacity, it has problems such as high emissions, high noise, large maintenance workload, and limited environmental adaptability. As the requirements for the continuous power supply reliability and long-duration guarantee ability of key loads in substations continue to increase, the deficiencies of the traditional backup power supply system in terms of low carbonization, long duration, and intelligence are becoming increasingly prominent. Especially in the context of "dual carbon", how to achieve a smooth upgrade from short-term support to long-duration clean backup power supply on the basis of尽量保留现有变电站主接线结构和UPS备用供电体系的基础上, has become a technical problem that亟待解决.

[0003] Existing research on hydrogen energy backup power supplies mostly focuses on the hydrogen storage and power generation links, and insufficient consideration is given to the coordination relationship between hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power generation. An integrated technical solution applicable to substation scenarios of "hydrogen production and storage under normal conditions, rapid power generation support under fault conditions, and smooth switching back and restoration of energy storage under restoration conditions" has not yet been formed. Especially between the instantaneous takeover of the UPS and the long-duration hydrogen energy backup, there is still a lack of a systematic coordination control method that takes into account power supply continuity, switching smoothness, and operation safety.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a UPS-coordinated hydrogen production-storage-power generation integrated hydrogen energy long-duration backup power supply system and control method for substation scenarios to achieve low carbonization, long duration, and high-reliability operation of the backup power supply system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a substation UPS-coordinated hydrogen energy long-duration backup power supply system based on adaptive adjustment of bus voltage. On the premise of retaining the basic structure of the existing UPS backup power supply system, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit, and a fuel cell power generation unit are introduced to construct a coordinated operation architecture of hydrogen production and storage under normal conditions, coordinated connection of instantaneous support by the UPS and long-duration hydrogen energy power supply under abnormal conditions, and smooth switching back and restoration of hydrogen energy storage under restoration conditions, so as to achieve high-reliability, long-duration, and low-carbon backup power supply for key loads in substations.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A control method for a substation UPS-coordinated hydrogen energy long-duration backup power supply system, which constructs a coordinated control unit to perform coordinated control on the substation UPS-coordinated hydrogen energy long-duration backup power supply system; It should be noted that there are some unclear or incorrect expressions in the original text, such as "尽量保留现有变电站主接线结构和UPS备用供电体系的基础上" and "亟待解决", which have been translated as best as possible while maintaining the integrity of the original meaning. You may need to review and correct these parts in the original text for more accurate communication. Includes the following steps: S1: Monitor the operating status of the substation's external input power supply, station service bus, critical loads, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen energy long-term standby power supply unit, and collect key operating parameters; S2: When the external input power is normal, the control electrolysis hydrogen production module uses the external input power or preset available electrical energy to produce hydrogen, and delivers the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen energy backup power supply is in the energy storage standby state. S3: Identify abnormal external input power supply, and when an abnormality occurs, control the UPS power supply unit to provide instantaneous uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads of the substation; S4: Determine whether to start the hydrogen long-term backup power unit based on the current critical load power, the current remaining available energy of the UPS, the UPS discharge power, the fuel cell start-up time, the preset safety margin, and the current hydrogen storage. S5: When the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply regulation module, fuel cell power generation module and power electronic conversion module are put into operation in sequence, so that the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit enters the power supply state. S6: Controls the access bus of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit and coordinates power distribution with the UPS power supply unit to achieve a smooth transition from UPS instantaneous support to hydrogen energy long-term power supply. S7: After the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is operating stably, it implements long-term power supply and graded supply protection control based on the hydrogen storage capacity, load power and load level. S8: During the standby power supply period, continuously monitor the operating status of the hydrogen energy long-term standby power supply unit and execute linkage protection control under abnormal operating conditions; S9: After the external input power is restored and continuously and stably reaches the preset conditions, the control system switches back from the hydrogen energy backup power supply mode to the conventional power supply mode. S10: After the power supply is switched back, control the hydrogen backup power supply to perform a shutdown reset, and restore the backup energy storage preparation state of the electrolysis hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit includes an electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply regulation module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module. The key operating parameters include the following collected information: voltage, frequency, and power supply status of the external input power supply; voltage and load power of the station bus; output status of the UPS power supply unit, status of the UPS battery, and estimated remaining support time; operating status, hydrogen production power, hydrogen production rate, and hydrogen purity of the electrolysis hydrogen production module; hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen storage capacity, and temperature of the hydrogen processing and storage module; outlet pressure and flow rate of the hydrogen supply regulation module; standby status, start-up status, stack temperature, output voltage, and output current of the fuel cell power generation module; and operating status of the power electronic conversion module. The collected information is sent to the collaborative control unit for subsequent operating condition identification, start-up / stop determination, and power coordination control. In step S2, when the external power supply is normal and the system is in standby energy storage mode, the collaborative control unit controls the electrolysis hydrogen production module to start or stop based on the relationship between the current hydrogen storage amount and the preset hydrogen storage control lower threshold and the preset hydrogen storage control upper threshold. When the current hydrogen storage amount is lower than the preset hydrogen storage control lower threshold, the electrolysis hydrogen production module is started to produce hydrogen. When the current hydrogen storage amount reaches or exceeds the preset hydrogen storage control upper threshold, the electrolysis hydrogen production module is stopped to produce hydrogen.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, the collaborative control unit determines whether the input power supply is abnormal based on the status of the external input power supply and the voltage status of the station bus. When the external input power supply is abnormal, the UPS power supply unit is controlled to switch from standby mode to discharge support mode to provide uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads of the substation.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S4, the start-up determination of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply includes: acquiring the current critical load power, the current remaining available energy of the UPS, the UPS discharge power, the fuel cell start-up time, the preset safety margin, and the current hydrogen storage capacity, and determining whether to start the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit based on the relationship between the estimated remaining support time of the UPS, the fuel cell start-up time, and the preset safety margin; wherein, the estimated remaining support time of the UPS satisfies: ; in, This indicates the current remaining available energy of the UPS. This indicates the current discharge power of the UPS power supply unit; when the estimated remaining support time of the UPS is met... Less than or equal to the time required for a fuel cell to go from startup to achieving stable output capability Plus safety margin time At that time, that is And the current hydrogen storage capacity is greater than or equal to the minimum hydrogen storage capacity required to meet the current long-term power supply demand. When necessary, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is activated.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S5, when the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is put into a power-supply state by controlling the hydrogen storage module to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen supply regulation module, and regulating the hydrogen pressure and flow rate through the hydrogen supply regulation module; at the same time, the start-up of the fuel cell power generation module and its auxiliary equipment is triggered, and the power electronic conversion module is controlled to complete the pre-charging, pressure building and parallel connection preparation process, so that the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is put into a power-supply state.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S6, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is connected to the station bus via a power electronic conversion module, and the output power of the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is dynamically allocated based on the station bus voltage deviation, critical load power changes, UPS output status, and fuel cell output capacity; the coordinated power supply condition meets the following requirements: ; in, This indicates the power that the UPS discharges to the station bus. This indicates the output power of the power electronic conversion module. Indicates critical load power. This indicates the system power loss under coordinated power supply conditions; The dynamic power distribution of the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit meets the following requirements: ; Among them, the power allocation coefficient satisfy ; and the initial stage The larger volume indicates that the UPS is handling a significant portion of the output; as the hydrogen-powered backup power supply stabilizes, The gradual decrease indicates that the hydrogen-powered backup power source is taking on more and more output power.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S7, after the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is operating stably, it assumes the responsibility of continuously supplying power to critical loads. Based on the remaining hydrogen storage capacity, the rated output of the fuel cell, the current load level, and the load importance level, tiered power supply control is implemented for the substation load, prioritizing the continuous power supply to protection devices, monitoring devices, communication devices, and automation systems; its remaining sustainable power supply time... satisfy: ; in, This represents the total power of the currently supplied load set. This indicates the current hydrogen storage capacity. Indicates the power generation efficiency of fuel cells. This indicates the lower heating value of hydrogen.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S8, the monitored content includes the operating status of the electrolytic hydrogen production module, hydrogen leakage concentration, hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen supply pressure, fuel cell stack temperature, power electronic conversion module output status, and auxiliary equipment operating status; when the monitored quantity exceeds the preset threshold, at least one of the following is executed: stop hydrogen production, limit fuel cell output, cut off hydrogen supply circuit, isolate faulty branch, and issue alarm signal.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S9, the voltage, frequency, and duration of the external input power supply are detected. When the external input power supply reaches a preset duration threshold for continuous stability, the control system switches from the hydrogen energy backup power supply mode to the normal power supply mode, gradually reduces the output power of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, restores the external input power supply to the station bus, and controls the UPS power supply unit to exit the discharge support state. In step S10, after the power supply is switched back, the UPS power supply unit is controlled to switch from the discharge state to the charging recovery state. The hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is controlled to perform load reduction, reactor shutdown, hydrogen supply shutdown and auxiliary equipment shutdown operations in sequence. The electrolysis hydrogen production module is restored to operation according to the relationship between the current hydrogen storage and the preset hydrogen storage control lower limit threshold and the preset hydrogen storage control upper limit threshold.

[0015] A hydrogen energy long-term backup power system in coordination with a substation UPS includes an external input power supply, a station bus, a UPS power supply unit, a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, and a coordination control unit. The external input power supply, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit are all electrically connected to the station bus, and the station bus is also electrically connected to the critical load. The hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit includes an electrolytic hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply regulation module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module. The coordinated control unit is connected to the external input power supply, station bus, critical load, UPS power supply unit and hydrogen backup power supply unit respectively. It is used to collect the status of the input power supply, the status of the station bus, the operating status of the UPS and the operating status of the hydrogen backup power supply system. Based on the status of the input power supply, the remaining support capacity of the UPS, the hydrogen storage level and the power supply requirements of the critical load, it coordinates and controls the operation mode of the UPS backup power supply system and the hydrogen backup power supply unit system.

[0016] Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects: This invention addresses the long-term, high-reliability backup power requirements of critical loads in substations by proposing a hydrogen energy long-term backup power system and control method in collaboration with substation UPS. While retaining the basic architecture of the existing substation UPS backup power system, it integrates hydrogen electrolysis production, hydrogen storage, fuel cell power generation, and power electronics access into a unified system. This constructs a dual-source collaborative backup power mode that balances energy reserves under normal operating conditions and long-term power supply under abnormal operating conditions, thereby expanding the backup power supply from a simple "storage-generation" to a closed-loop "production-storage-generation" operation mode.

[0017] This invention establishes a collaborative connection and dynamic adjustment mechanism between the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, enabling a smooth transition of critical loads from "UPS instantaneous uninterrupted protection" to "hydrogen energy long-term continuous support" under abnormal external power conditions. This helps improve the continuous power supply capability and operational resilience of substations under fault outages, extreme weather, grid anomalies, and other complex scenarios, and enhances the continuous operation guarantee level of critical loads such as protection, monitoring, communication, and automation.

[0018] This invention improves the adaptive adjustment capability, power supply reliability, and operational safety of backup power systems under complex operating conditions by constructing a collaborative control and safety linkage protection mechanism covering the entire process of hydrogen production, storage, supply, power generation, conversion, and power supply switching. This enables the system to not only have rapid response and long-term protection capabilities, but also strong fault protection capabilities and engineering implementation value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power system and control method for substation UPS coordination according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a system architecture block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] This invention provides a hydrogen-powered long-term backup power system and control method for substation UPS coordination, the steps of which are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a collaborative control unit is constructed to collaboratively control the hydrogen energy long-term backup power system in collaboration with the substation UPS.

[0025] Specifically: Step S1: Monitor the operating status of the substation's external input power supply, station service bus, critical loads, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, and collect key operating parameters; the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit includes an electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply regulation module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module; The key electrical quantities are collected in a period of 10ms-100ms, and the hydrogen energy unit operating parameters are collected in a period of 100ms-1s. For power loss or phase loss faults, the abnormal state can be directly determined. For voltage over-limit, frequency over-limit, and bus voltage deviation abnormalities, the abnormal state is determined after 100ms-500ms.

[0026] Step S2: When the external input power is normal, the collaborative control unit controls the electrolysis hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen using the external input power or preset available electrical energy, and delivers the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module for storage, so that the hydrogen energy backup power supply is in the energy storage standby state. Step S3: Identify abnormal external power supply status. When the external power supply is abnormal, control the UPS power supply unit to provide instantaneous uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads of the substation. Among them, for power loss or phase loss faults, the abnormal state can be directly determined; for voltage abnormality, frequency abnormality, or bus voltage deviation exceeding the preset threshold and continuing to reach the preset abnormal determination time threshold, the external input power supply is determined to be abnormal.

[0027] Step S4: Based on the current critical load power, the current remaining available energy of the UPS, the UPS discharge power, the fuel cell start-up time, the preset safety margin, and the current hydrogen storage, determine whether to start the hydrogen long-term backup power unit; Step S5: When the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply regulation module, fuel cell power generation module and power electronic conversion module are put into operation in sequence, so that the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit enters the power supply state. Step S6: Control the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit to connect to the station bus and coordinate power distribution with the UPS power supply unit to achieve a smooth transition from UPS instantaneous support to hydrogen energy long-term power supply. Step S7: After the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is operating stably, implement long-term power supply and graded power supply control according to the hydrogen storage capacity, load power and load level. The load levels include high-priority loads, medium-priority loads, and low-priority loads. High-priority loads include at least protection devices, monitoring devices, communication devices, and automation systems. Medium-priority loads include auxiliary control and necessary environmental protection loads required to ensure basic operation within the station. Low-priority loads include general auxiliary loads and interruptible loads.

[0028] Step S8: During the backup power supply process, continuously monitor the operating status of the hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply module, fuel cell power generation module and power electronic conversion module, and execute linkage protection control under abnormal operating conditions; Step S9: After the external input power is restored and continuously and stably reaches the preset conditions, the control system smoothly switches back from the hydrogen energy backup power supply mode to the conventional power supply mode. Step S10: After the power supply is switched back, control the hydrogen backup power supply to perform a shutdown reset and restore the backup energy storage preparation state of the electrolysis hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module.

[0029] The coordinated control unit is used to collect the input power status, station bus status, UPS operation status, and hydrogen energy backup power supply system operation status, and coordinate and control the operation mode of the UPS backup power supply system and the hydrogen energy production-storage-generation backup power supply system based on the input power status, UPS remaining support capacity, hydrogen storage level, and critical load power supply requirements.

[0030] In this invention, the external input power supply status, station bus operation status, UPS support duration, hydrogen storage capacity, and critical load level are used as the basis for coordinated adjustment. An operational constraint relationship is constructed that takes into account hydrogen production and storage under normal operating conditions, power supply continuity under abnormal operating conditions, and smooth switching back under recovery conditions. The start-stop switching sequence and power coordination process of the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy backup power supply unit are limited by the operational constraint relationship, so that the system can simultaneously meet the requirements of uninterrupted power supply to critical loads, long-term continuous power supply, and safe and stable operation throughout the entire backup power supply cycle.

[0031] The critical loads mainly consist of protection devices, monitoring devices, communication devices, and automation systems.

[0032] While retaining the basic structure of the existing UPS backup power supply system, an electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, and a fuel cell power generation module are introduced to construct a collaborative operation architecture that enables hydrogen production and storage under normal operating conditions, instantaneous support from UPS and long-term hydrogen power supply under abnormal operating conditions, and smooth switching back and restoration of hydrogen energy reserves under recovery conditions. This achieves highly reliable, long-term, and low-carbon backup power supply for critical loads of the substation.

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation process.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the substation UPS-coordinated hydrogen energy long-term backup power system provided by this invention mainly includes an input power supply, a station bus, critical loads, a UPS backup power supply system, a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, and a coordination control unit. The hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is a hydrogen production-storage-generation backup power supply system. The input power supply is connected to the station bus, which is connected to the critical loads, for supplying power to the critical loads under normal operating conditions. The UPS backup power supply system and the hydrogen production-storage-generation backup power supply system are respectively connected to the station bus, for serving as backup power for critical loads within the station when the input power supply is abnormal. The coordination control unit is connected to the station bus, the UPS backup power supply system, and the hydrogen production-storage-generation backup power supply system, for realizing system status monitoring, start / stop control, and power coordination.

[0035] The UPS backup power supply system includes a UPS power supply unit and a UPS battery unit. The UPS battery unit is connected to the UPS power supply unit to provide DC power support. The UPS power supply unit is connected to the station bus and is used to quickly start operation when the input power is abnormal, providing instantaneous uninterrupted power supply to critical loads, thereby ensuring that critical loads do not experience power interruption in the initial stage of external power failure.

[0036] The hydrogen production-storage-generation backup power supply system includes an electrolytic hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module. The electrolytic hydrogen production module is connected to the station's mains bus and is used to produce hydrogen using available electrical energy within the station when the input power supply is normal. The electrolytic hydrogen production module is also connected to the hydrogen storage module to transport the produced hydrogen to the storage module for storage. The hydrogen storage module is connected to the fuel cell power generation module to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell power generation module during backup power supply operation. The fuel cell power generation module is connected to the power electronic conversion module to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The power electronic conversion module is also connected to the station's mains bus to convert the electrical energy output from the fuel cell power generation module and connect it to the station's mains bus, enabling long-term backup power supply for critical loads.

[0037] The coordinated control unit is used to collect the input power status, station bus status, UPS operating status, and hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit operating status. Based on the input power status, UPS remaining support capacity, hydrogen storage level, and critical load power supply requirements, it coordinates and controls the operating modes of the UPS backup power supply system and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit. When the input power is normal, the coordinated control unit controls the hydrogen energy system to be in hydrogen production and storage standby mode. When the input power is abnormal, it controls the UPS backup power supply system to be activated first, achieving instantaneous uninterrupted power supply to critical loads. Based on the system operating status, it further controls the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit to be activated, providing long-term continuous power supply to critical loads via the station bus.

[0038] Therefore, this invention, while retaining the original basic structure of the substation's power supply, organically combines the instantaneous support capability of UPS with the long-term power supply capability of hydrogen energy, and constructs a collaborative backup power supply system for the continuous power supply needs of critical loads.

[0039] Example The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step S1: System operation status monitoring and key parameter collection: In this step, the collaborative control unit monitors the status of the external input power supply, station busbar, critical loads, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen backup power supply unit, and collects key operating parameters. These key operating parameters include at least: external input power supply voltage. ,frequency Station bus voltage Bus power Critical load power UPS available energy UPS charging and discharging status; operating power of the electrolysis hydrogen production module. Hydrogen storage capacity Fuel cell power generation module output power and the output power of the power electronic conversion module The collaborative control unit identifies whether the current system is in normal power supply mode, UPS takeover mode, collaborative power supply mode, or recovery switchback mode based on the above parameters, and issues corresponding control commands accordingly, so that subsequent hydrogen production and storage, UPS takeover, hydrogen energy start-up, power distribution, and linkage protection are all based on a unified state awareness.

[0040] The power conservation relationship of station service bus nodes can be uniformly expressed as: ; This step, which sets the total power loss of the system, provides basic data support for subsequent system operation condition identification, hydrogen production and storage control, UPS takeover control, hydrogen energy start-up control, power coordination and allocation, and abnormal linkage protection.

[0041] Step S2, Hydrogen production and energy storage control under normal operating conditions: In this step, when the collaborative control unit detects that the external input power supply is in a normal state, the station bus is operating stably, and the system is not in standby power supply mode, it controls the electrolytic hydrogen production module to use the external input power supply or preset available electrical energy to produce hydrogen, and delivers the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module for storage, so that the hydrogen energy backup power supply unit is in energy storage standby state.

[0042] During normal operation, the input power supply must not only power the critical load but also simultaneously meet the needs of hydrogen production and UPS charging. The power relationship of the station service bus can be written as follows: ; in, This indicates the power of the external power input injected into the station bus. Indicates the UPS battery charging power. This indicates the system power loss under normal operating conditions.

[0043] The relationship between changes in hydrogen storage capacity can be written as: ; in, For the time change, This indicates the efficiency of hydrogen production via electrolysis. The higher the electrolysis power and the longer the duration, the faster the hydrogen storage increases. Therefore, the co-control unit controls the start and stop of the hydrogen production module based on the comparison between the hydrogen storage and a set threshold: when... Hydrogen production is initiated when the temperature is below a preset lower limit. Hydrogen production will stop when the hydrogen supply exceeds or equals the preset upper limit to ensure that the hydrogen backup power source always maintains sufficient backup hydrogen reserves.

[0044] Step S3, External Input Power Anomaly Identification and UPS Instantaneous Takeover: In this step, when the collaborative control unit detects abnormal external input power voltage or frequency, or when the station bus voltage deviates from the reference value beyond the set allowable range, it determines that the external input power is abnormal and immediately controls the UPS power supply unit to provide instantaneous uninterrupted power to the critical load.

[0045] The input power supply anomaly criterion can be written as: ; in, and These represent the lower and upper limits of the input voltage, respectively. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the allowed input frequency, respectively. Indicates the reference voltage of the station service bus. This indicates the allowable deviation threshold. When any of the above conditions are met, the collaborative control unit controls the UPS power supply unit to enter a discharge state and stops the electrolysis hydrogen production process. At this time, it can be set... Furthermore, the hydrogen energy power generation system has not yet been connected in parallel, which could make The power relationship during the UPS instantaneous takeover phase can be written as: ; in, This indicates the power that the UPS discharges to the station bus. This indicates the system power loss under UPS independent power supply conditions. Therefore, it is clear that during this stage, the UPS undertakes the sole support task in the initial stage of a fault, and its output power should at least cover the critical load and power loss.

[0046] Step S4, Determination of Hydrogen Energy Long-Term Backup Power Supply Start-up: In this step, after the UPS provides instantaneous power to the critical load, the collaborative control unit comprehensively determines whether to activate the hydrogen long-term backup power unit based on the UPS's remaining support capacity, current critical load demand, fuel cell startup requirements, and hydrogen storage status. The estimated remaining support time of the UPS is also considered. It can be written as: ; in, This indicates the current remaining available energy of the UPS. The start-up criterion for the hydrogen-powered backup power supply can be expressed as: ; in, This indicates the time required for a fuel cell to go from startup to having a stable output capability. This indicates the safety margin time. To ensure continuous power supply after startup, the hydrogen backup power source must also meet hydrogen storage constraints. The minimum hydrogen storage required to meet current long-term power supply needs is... Represented as: ; in, This indicates the expected average load power. Indicates the estimated coverage period. Indicates the power generation efficiency of fuel cells. This indicates the lower heating value of hydrogen. When the current hydrogen storage... Greater than or equal to At that time, it can be considered that the hydrogen energy backup power supply has the conditions for long-term hydrogen supply.

[0047] Step S5: Start-up and power output preparation of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply: In this step, once the collaborative control unit determines that the startup conditions for the long-term hydrogen backup power supply are met, it sequentially activates the hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply regulation module, fuel cell power generation module, and power electronic conversion module, enabling the hydrogen backup power unit to smoothly transition from an energy storage standby state to a power supply state. Specifically, firstly, the outlet valve of the hydrogen storage module is opened to establish a hydrogen supply path between the hydrogen storage module and the hydrogen supply regulation module; then, the hydrogen supply regulation module adjusts the hydrogen pressure and flow rate to meet the intake requirements of the fuel cell power generation module; next, the fuel cell power generation module and auxiliary equipment are started, allowing the fuel cell to gradually establish a stable output; finally, the power electronic conversion module is controlled to complete pre-charging, pressure building, and pre-connection preparations. By sequentially activating and establishing operating conditions step by step, connection failures, power surges, or output fluctuations caused by insufficient hydrogen supply, unstable fuel cells, or the conversion module's lack of connection conditions can be avoided.

[0048] The auxiliary equipment includes a circulating pump, a cooling unit, a cooling fan, an air supply device, a solenoid valve, a pressure reducing valve, and a drainage unit.

[0049] Step S6: Coordinate the connection of UPS and hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply: In this step, once the hydrogen backup power unit has a stable output capability, the coordination control unit controls it to connect to the station bus via the power electronic conversion module and coordinates power distribution with the UPS power supply unit. This gradually reduces the UPS output and gradually increases the hydrogen output, thus achieving a smooth transition from instantaneous UPS support to long-term hydrogen power supply. This avoids sudden changes in bus voltage and load surges between the UPS power supply phase and the hydrogen power supply phase. Under coordinated power supply conditions, the station bus power relationship can be expressed as: ; in, This represents the system power loss under coordinated power supply conditions. To achieve a smooth handover, a power allocation coefficient can be introduced. And establish the following relationship: ; in, And connect to the initial stage. The larger volume indicates that the UPS is handling a significant portion of the output; as the hydrogen-powered backup power supply stabilizes, The gradual decrease indicates that the hydrogen-powered backup power supply is taking on more and more output power. This distribution relationship can intuitively reflect the changing division of labor between the UPS and the hydrogen-powered backup power supply during the transition phase.

[0050] Step S7, Long-term standby power supply and graded protection control for critical loads: In this step, once the hydrogen backup power unit completes a smooth connection and enters a stable operating state, it assumes the task of continuously supplying power to critical loads. Based on the remaining hydrogen storage, load power, and load level, it implements long-term power supply and tiered power protection control, thus solving not only the problem of "whether power can be supplied" but also the problems of "how long can power be supplied and which loads should be prioritized" in long-term power outage scenarios. The remaining sustainable power supply time can be estimated as follows: ; in, This represents the total power of the currently supplied load set. As can be seen from this relationship, the larger the hydrogen storage capacity, the longer the sustainable power supply time; conversely, the larger the total load currently supplied, the shorter the sustainable power supply time. Therefore, when the calculated remaining sustainable power supply time is lower than the preset minimum guarantee time, the coordinated control unit can sequentially cut off some low-priority loads according to load priority from low to high, thereby prioritizing the continuous power supply to critical loads such as protection, monitoring, communication, and automation.

[0051] Step S8, Abnormal Operating Condition Monitoring and Linkage Protection Control: In this step, the operating status of the electrolytic hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply regulation module, fuel cell power generation module, and power electronic conversion module is continuously monitored throughout the backup power supply process. Interlocking protection controls are executed under abnormal operating conditions to ensure that the hydrogen backup power supply can not only provide power but also provide safe power during long-term operation. These abnormal operating conditions include, at a minimum, excessive hydrogen leakage concentration, excessive hydrogen storage pressure, abnormal hydrogen supply, excessively high fuel cell stack temperature, and abnormal output from the power electronic conversion module. When an abnormal operating condition is detected, the coordinated control unit can perform interlocking protection operations such as stopping hydrogen production, limiting fuel cell output, cutting off the hydrogen supply circuit, disconnecting the faulty branch, and issuing alarm signals to prevent further escalation of the abnormality and ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0052] Step S9, Input power recovery identification and smooth system switchback: In this step, the collaborative control unit continuously monitors the recovery status of the external input power supply. Once the input power supply voltage and frequency are detected to have returned to normal ranges and consistently and stably met preset conditions, the control system smoothly switches from the hydrogen backup power supply mode back to the conventional power supply mode. This allows the external input power supply to gradually resume its role as the main power supply for the station's auxiliary bus, while simultaneously reducing the output of the hydrogen backup power supply. This prevents the immediate disconnection of the hydrogen output upon the immediate recovery of the input power supply, which could cause bus fluctuations or further interruptions. The input power supply recovery criterion can be expressed as: ; Furthermore, the recovery switchback control can only be executed after the above conditions have been met continuously for a preset stabilization time.

[0053] Step S10: Backup power supply shutdown and system reset: In this step, after the external power supply has resumed its role in powering the station bus, the co-control unit controls the UPS power supply unit to exit the discharge state and enter the charging recovery state. Simultaneously, it controls the hydrogen backup power supply unit to sequentially perform load reduction, reactor shutdown, hydrogen supply cut-off, and auxiliary system shutdown operations, restoring the fuel cell power generation module and power electronic conversion module to standby mode. Afterward, the system switches back from backup power supply mode to normal operation mode and resumes operation of the electrolysis hydrogen production module based on the current hydrogen storage level, allowing the system to re-enter the backup energy storage preparation state. The recovery relationship of the UPS available energy during this process can be expressed as: ; in, This indicates the UPS charging efficiency. As can be seen from the above relationship, the higher the UPS charging power and the longer the charging duration, the faster the remaining usable energy of the UPS is restored. Furthermore, to ensure the hydrogen backup power supply regains its long-term emergency power supply capability, when the hydrogen storage level falls below a preset recovery threshold, the co-control unit restarts the electrolysis hydrogen production module to replenish hydrogen. Its startup conditions can be expressed as: ; Correspondingly, when the hydrogen storage capacity recovers to the preset upper limit, the hydrogen production process is stopped. The stopping condition can be expressed as: ; in, This indicates the lower limit threshold for hydrogen storage control. This indicates the upper limit threshold for hydrogen storage control. Using upper and lower limit threshold control, rather than single-point threshold control, avoids frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the electrolysis hydrogen production module near the critical point, improving system operational stability. Through this control, after a shutdown and reset, the system can restore not only UPS backup capacity but also hydrogen energy backup capacity, thus returning to the energy storage standby state required for the next round of backup power supply.

[0054] Through the above steps, the substation UPS-coordinated hydrogen energy long-term backup power control method provided in this embodiment establishes a backup hydrogen source reserve through hydrogen production and storage control under normal operating conditions. This ensures that the system has a long-term backup power supply energy foundation before external power input failure, thereby avoiding the power supply duration limitation problem caused by traditional backup power supplies relying solely on short-term energy storage. After external power input failure, a coordinated succession mechanism is constructed by combining UPS instantaneous takeover with hydrogen energy backup power supply startup determination, enabling a smooth transition from short-term uninterrupted support to long-term continuous power supply. This mechanism can rationally determine the timing of hydrogen energy backup power supply activation based on UPS remaining support capacity, fuel cell startup requirements, and hydrogen storage status, reducing the risk of critical load power loss due to improper switching. During the parallel connection of the hydrogen backup power supply, by establishing a power coordination and distribution relationship between the UPS and the hydrogen backup power supply, the system can achieve smooth power handover under the premise of meeting the requirements of bus voltage stability and continuous power supply to critical loads, effectively improving the stability and reliability of the backup power supply process. In addition, during the long-term power supply phase, a hierarchical power supply protection control mechanism based on hydrogen storage capacity and load level is introduced, combined with abnormal operating condition linkage protection and smooth switchback control after the input power is restored. This enables the system to not only have long-term, low-carbon backup power supply capabilities, but also strong safety protection capabilities, adaptive adjustment capabilities, and recovery operation capabilities, thereby improving the continuous power supply guarantee level of critical loads in substations under fault outages, extreme weather, and complex operating scenarios.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method of a hydrogen energy long-time backup power supply system coordinated with a substation UPS, characterized by: Construct a collaborative control unit to coordinate the control of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power system in conjunction with the substation UPS; Includes the following steps: S1: Monitor the operating status of the substation's external input power supply, station service bus, critical loads, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen energy long-term standby power supply unit, and collect key operating parameters; S2: When the external input power is normal, the control electrolysis hydrogen production module uses the external input power or preset available electrical energy to produce hydrogen, and delivers the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen energy backup power supply is in the energy storage standby state. S3: Identify abnormal external input power supply, and when an abnormality occurs, control the UPS power supply unit to provide instantaneous uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads of the substation; S4: Determine whether to start the hydrogen long-term backup power unit based on the current critical load power, the current remaining available energy of the UPS, the UPS discharge power, the fuel cell start-up time, the preset safety margin, and the current hydrogen storage. S5: When the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen storage module, hydrogen supply regulation module, fuel cell power generation module and power electronic conversion module are put into operation in sequence, so that the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit enters the power supply state. S6: Controls the access bus of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit and coordinates power distribution with the UPS power supply unit to achieve a smooth transition from UPS instantaneous support to hydrogen energy long-term power supply. S7: After the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is operating stably, it implements long-term power supply and graded supply protection control based on the hydrogen storage capacity, load power and load level. S8: During the standby power supply period, continuously monitor the operating status of the hydrogen energy long-term standby power supply unit and execute linkage protection control under abnormal operating conditions; S9: After the external input power is restored and continuously and stably reaches the preset conditions, the control system switches back from the hydrogen energy backup power supply mode to the conventional power supply mode. S10: After the power supply is switched back, control the hydrogen backup power supply to perform a shutdown reset, and restore the backup energy storage preparation state of the electrolysis hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module.

2. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in conjunction with a substation UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit includes an electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply regulation module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module. The key operating parameters include the following collected information: voltage, frequency, and power supply status of the external input power supply; voltage and load power of the station bus; output status of the UPS power supply unit, status of the UPS battery, and estimated remaining support time; operating status, hydrogen production power, hydrogen production rate, and hydrogen purity of the electrolysis hydrogen production module; hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen storage capacity, and temperature of the hydrogen processing and storage module; outlet pressure and flow rate of the hydrogen supply regulation module; standby status, start-up status, stack temperature, output voltage, and output current of the fuel cell power generation module; and operating status of the power electronic conversion module. The collected information is sent to the collaborative control unit for subsequent operating condition identification, start-up / stop determination, and power coordination control. In step S2, when the external power supply is normal and the system is in standby energy storage mode, the collaborative control unit controls the electrolysis hydrogen production module to start or stop based on the relationship between the current hydrogen storage amount and the preset hydrogen storage control lower threshold and the preset hydrogen storage control upper threshold. When the current hydrogen storage amount is lower than the preset hydrogen storage control lower threshold, the electrolysis hydrogen production module is started to produce hydrogen. When the current hydrogen storage amount reaches or exceeds the preset hydrogen storage control upper threshold, the electrolysis hydrogen production module is stopped to produce hydrogen.

3. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in conjunction with a substation UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the collaborative control unit determines whether the input power supply is abnormal based on the status of the external input power supply and the voltage status of the station bus. When the external input power supply is abnormal, the UPS power supply unit is controlled to switch from standby mode to discharge support mode to provide uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads of the substation.

4. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in cooperation with a substation UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the start-up determination of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply includes: acquiring the current critical load power, the current remaining available energy of the UPS, the UPS discharge power, the fuel cell start-up time, the preset safety margin, and the current hydrogen storage capacity, and determining whether to start the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit based on the relationship between the estimated remaining support time of the UPS, the fuel cell start-up time, and the preset safety margin; wherein, the estimated remaining support time of the UPS satisfies: ； in, This indicates the current remaining available energy of the UPS. This indicates the current discharge power of the UPS power supply unit; when the estimated remaining support time of the UPS is met... Less than or equal to the time required for a fuel cell to go from startup to achieving stable output capability Plus safety margin time At that time, that is And the current hydrogen storage capacity is greater than or equal to the minimum hydrogen storage capacity required to meet the current long-term power supply demand. When necessary, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is activated.

5. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in conjunction with a substation UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is put into a power-supply state by controlling the hydrogen storage module to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen supply regulation module, and regulating the hydrogen pressure and flow rate through the hydrogen supply regulation module; at the same time, the start-up of the fuel cell power generation module and its auxiliary equipment is triggered, and the power electronic conversion module is controlled to complete the pre-charging, pressure building and parallel connection preparation process, so that the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is put into a power-supply state.

6. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in conjunction with a substation UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is connected to the station bus via a power electronic conversion module. The output power of the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is dynamically allocated based on the station bus voltage deviation, critical load power changes, UPS output status, and fuel cell output capacity. The coordinated power supply operation meets the following requirements: ； in, This indicates the power that the UPS discharges to the station bus. This indicates the output power of the power electronic conversion module. Indicates critical load power. This indicates the system power loss under coordinated power supply conditions; The dynamic power distribution of the UPS power supply unit and the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit meets the following requirements: ； Among them, the power allocation coefficient satisfy ; and the initial stage The larger volume indicates that the UPS is handling a significant portion of the output; as the hydrogen-powered backup power supply stabilizes, The gradual decrease indicates that the hydrogen-powered backup power source is taking on more and more output power.

7. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power system in conjunction with a substation UPS as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, after the hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit is operating stably, it will take on the responsibility of continuously supplying power to the critical loads. According to the hydrogen storage capacity, the rated output of the fuel cell, the current load level and the importance level of the load, the substation load will be subject to graded power supply control, giving priority to ensuring the continuous power supply of protection devices, monitoring devices, communication devices and automation systems. Its remaining sustainable power supply time satisfy: ； in, This represents the total power of the currently supplied load set. This indicates the current hydrogen storage capacity. Indicates the power generation efficiency of fuel cells. This indicates the lower heating value of hydrogen.

8. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power system in conjunction with a substation UPS as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, the monitored items include the operating status of the electrolysis hydrogen production module, hydrogen leakage concentration, hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen supply pressure, fuel cell stack temperature, power electronic conversion module output status, and auxiliary equipment operating status. When the monitored items exceed the preset threshold, at least one of the following is executed: stop hydrogen production, limit fuel cell output, cut off hydrogen supply circuit, isolate faulty branch, and issue alarm signal.

9. The control method for a hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply system in coordination with a substation UPS as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the external input power supply voltage, frequency, and continuous stabilization time are detected. When the external input power supply is continuously stable for a preset time threshold, the control system switches from the hydrogen energy backup power supply mode to the normal power supply mode, and gradually reduces the output power of the hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit to restore the external input power supply to the station bus. At the same time, the UPS power supply unit is controlled to exit the discharge support state. In step S10, after the power supply is switched back, the UPS power supply unit is controlled to switch from the discharge state to the charging recovery state. The hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit is controlled to perform load reduction, reactor shutdown, hydrogen supply shutdown and auxiliary equipment shutdown operations in sequence. The electrolysis hydrogen production module is restored to operation according to the relationship between the current hydrogen storage and the preset hydrogen storage control lower limit threshold and the preset hydrogen storage control upper limit threshold.

10. A long-term hydrogen energy backup power system in conjunction with a substation UPS, characterized in that: This includes an external input power supply, station busbar, UPS power supply unit, hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit, and collaborative control unit; The external input power supply, UPS power supply unit, and hydrogen energy long-term backup power supply unit are all electrically connected to the station bus, and the station bus is also electrically connected to the critical load. The hydrogen energy long-term backup power unit includes an electrolytic hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply regulation module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a power electronic conversion module. The coordinated control unit is connected to the external input power supply, station bus, critical load, UPS power supply unit and hydrogen backup power supply unit respectively. It is used to collect the status of the input power supply, the status of the station bus, the operating status of the UPS and the operating status of the hydrogen backup power supply system. Based on the status of the input power supply, the remaining support capacity of the UPS, the hydrogen storage level and the power supply requirements of the critical load, it coordinates and controls the operation mode of the UPS backup power supply system and the hydrogen backup power supply unit system.

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