An ecological restoration system and method suitable for high-cold environment of plateau

Abstract

This application relates to an ecological restoration system and method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, specifically in the field of environmental restoration systems. The system includes: leveling a surface to create a smooth surface on exposed surfaces in high-altitude and cold environments; constructing an acclimatization shed on one side of the leveled surface, where acclimatized plants are planted; laying a base mesh layer on the leveled surface, with multiple fixing devices on the base mesh layer to secure it to the leveled surface; spraying topsoil onto the base mesh layer to form a restoration substrate layer; pressing planting troughs into the surface of the restoration substrate layer and transplanting the acclimatized plants from the acclimatization shed into the planting troughs; covering the surface of the restoration substrate layer with a protective layer; installing miniature meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment on the restoration substrate layer, the miniature meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment having an alarm function; and also installing drip irrigation equipment on the restoration substrate layer. This application has the effect of optimizing the restoration effect of high-altitude and cold environment restoration work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of environmental remediation systems, and in particular to an ecological remediation system and method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments. Background Technology

[0002] Because the ecosystems in high-altitude and cold regions are fragile and have extremely poor self-recovery capabilities, the exposed surfaces created by engineering construction have damaged the original vegetation and soil. Under the severe environmental stresses of strong winds, strong ultraviolet radiation, extreme temperature differences, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles, high-altitude and cold regions face serious problems such as increased soil erosion, loss of soil nutrients, and difficulty in the natural settlement of native vegetation.

[0003] Currently, ecological restoration in such areas mainly faces the following technical bottlenecks: directly introducing low-altitude or commonly cultivated grass and shrub species results in low germination rates, poor seedling survival, and low overwintering survival rates, making it difficult to form stable communities and leading to poor adaptability of plant materials; the soil microbial activity in high-altitude wound surfaces is low, the community structure is simple, key ecological processes such as nutrient cycling and soil formation are slow, and the microbial environment function is lacking; common technical restoration measures are singular and lack synergy, mostly focusing on physical engineering soil stabilization or single plant sowing, ignoring the systemic synergy between plants and microorganisms, and between soil and the abiotic environment, often resulting in an unsustainable state of "green for one year, yellow for two years, and withered for three years"; the stability of the restoration substrate is insufficient: ordinary imported soil or improved soil is prone to cracking and erosion under freeze-thaw action, failing to provide a stable planting environment for plants and microorganisms.

[0004] In summary, the effectiveness of high-altitude and cold-climate environment restoration systems is poor due to factors such as poor adaptability of plant materials, lack of microbial environment function, single and weak synergy of restoration measures, and unstable imported soil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To optimize the restoration effect of high-altitude and cold environment restoration work, this application provides an ecological restoration system and restoration method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments.

[0006] This application provides an ecological restoration system suitable for high-altitude and frigid environments, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] An ecological restoration system suitable for high-altitude and cold environments includes a leveling surface, which is used to level exposed surfaces in high-altitude and cold environments to form a leveling surface;

[0008] An acclimatization shed is built on one side of the flat surface. The top and side walls of the acclimatization shed can be disassembled. Acclimatized plants are planted inside the acclimatization shed.

[0009] A base mesh layer is laid on the flat surface, and multiple fixing devices are provided on the base mesh layer to fix the base mesh layer to the flat surface.

[0010] Topsoil is sprayed onto the base mesh layer to form a repair substrate layer. Honeycomb-shaped planting troughs are pressed into the surface of the repair substrate layer using tools, and acclimatized plants from the acclimatization shed are transplanted into the planting troughs.

[0011] A protective layer is formed by covering the surface of the repair substrate layer with a plant fiber blanket with a controllable degradation cycle, and the protective layer has through holes for the domesticated plants to pass through.

[0012] A miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device is installed on the repair substrate layer. The miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device has an alarm function. A drip irrigation device is also installed on the repair substrate layer.

[0013] Optionally, multiple fixing devices are evenly distributed on the base mesh layer. Each fixing device includes a pre-embedded column inserted into a flat surface. The pre-embedded column has an installation groove that penetrates its top surface. The bottom of the installation groove is provided with a horizontal base plate. There is a distance between the lower surface of the base plate and the bottom wall of the installation groove. An installation column is slidably inserted into the base plate, with both the length direction and the sliding direction along the length direction of the pre-embedded column. A middle plate located above the base plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the installation column. A support spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the middle plate. The lower end of the support spring is fixed to the base plate. The support spring supports the base plate and the installation column, so that there is a distance between the lower end of the installation column and the bottom wall of the installation groove.

[0014] The top of the mounting column is hinged with multiple fixing rods, which are distributed around the circumference of the mounting column. The lower ends of all fixing rods face downward and are inclined in a direction away from each other. The side wall of the embedded column is provided with fixing holes corresponding to the fixing rods. The lower ends of the fixing rods are inserted into the fixing holes and do not protrude from the outer wall of the embedded column.

[0015] A mating column located above the mounting column is inserted into the mounting groove. A horizontally arranged pressure plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mating column. The length direction of the pressure plate is perpendicular to the length direction of the embedded column. An adapter groove for the pressure plate to be inserted is opened on the side wall of the embedded column.

[0016] The mounting slot is also equipped with a drive assembly that drives the fixing rod to move outward of the pre-embedded column, and the drive assembly can fix the mating column and the pre-embedded column.

[0017] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a telescopic sleeve slidably connected to the circumferential wall of the mounting groove. The telescopic sleeve includes a fixed groove sleeve and a sliding groove sleeve. The fixed groove sleeve is located inside the sliding groove sleeve, and the sliding direction of the fixed groove sleeve is set horizontally. A limiting spring is fixedly connected to the fixed groove sleeve, and the telescopic direction is set along the sliding direction of the fixed groove sleeve. The limiting spring is fixed to the inner wall of the embedded column. The sliding direction of the sliding groove sleeve gradually tilts downward along the horizontal direction.

[0018] The limiting spring limits the fixed groove sleeve and the sliding groove sleeve. A connecting spring is provided between the fixed groove sleeve and the sliding groove sleeve. The limiting spring and the connecting spring cooperate to limit the sliding groove sleeve, so that the sliding groove sleeve is located at the highest point of its movement trajectory. The sliding groove sleeve is located above the mounting column and in contact with the mounting column. When the sliding groove sleeve is located at the lowest point of the movement trajectory, the pressure plate is aligned with the corresponding adapter groove.

[0019] The drive assembly also includes a drive rod fixedly connected to the side wall of the mating column. The drive rod is adapted to the fixed slot sleeve. The two long side walls of the fixed slot sleeve that are close to each other thicken from top to bottom in the direction of approaching each other. The drive rod is interference-fitted with the bottom of the fixed slot sleeve.

[0020] Optionally, support rods are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the two long sides of the fixed groove sleeve. The support rods penetrate the corresponding long side walls of the sliding groove sleeve and are slidably inserted into the corresponding side walls. Guide rings are fixedly connected to the ends of the two support rods that are far apart from each other. The axial direction of the guide rings is set along the length direction of the embedded column. Support plates located directly below the guide rings are fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer walls of the two long sides of the sliding groove sleeve. Guide rods are fixedly connected to the support plates and are inserted into the corresponding guide rings. The upper end of the connecting spring is fixed to the guide rings, and the lower end of the connecting spring is fixed to the support plates.

[0021] Optionally, a horizontal transmission plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mounting column, the transmission plate being located below the sliding groove sleeve and in contact with the sliding groove sleeve.

[0022] Optionally, the embedded column is also provided with a fixing component for fixing the installation column.

[0023] Optionally, the fixing assembly includes multiple limiting rods hinged to the lower end of the mounting column. The ends of all the limiting rods away from the mounting column face upward and are inclined in a direction away from each other. With the mounting column as the starting point of rotation, the rotation angle of the limiting rods is no more than ninety degrees.

[0024] The base plate has limiting holes corresponding to the limiting rods one by one. Each limiting rod is inserted into the corresponding limiting hole, and the upper end of the limiting rod is higher than the base plate.

[0025] A torsion spring is sleeved on the hinge of the limiting rod. One end of the torsion spring is fixed to the mounting post, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixed to the limiting rod. When the limiting rod is inserted into the limiting hole, the torsion spring deforms.

[0026] An ecological restoration method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, implemented using the aforementioned ecological restoration system, includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Level the exposed surfaces of the high-altitude and cold environment to form a flat surface, sample the soil of the exposed surface, and determine its physical and chemical properties and the composition of the local microbial community;

[0028] S2. Primary laboratory-based collaborative domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain a symbiotically adapted plant-microorganism complex;

[0029] S3. Secondary on-site biomimetic domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain on-site domesticated plants;

[0030] S4. Construct a repair base plate, lay a base mesh layer on a flat surface, and fix the base mesh layer on the flat surface with a fixing device. Cover the base layer with repair substrate to form a repair substrate layer. Press honeycomb-shaped planting troughs into the repair substrate layer with a tool. The planting trough structure has a heat insulation function. Plant the field-acclimatized plants obtained in S3 in each planting trough.

[0031] S5. A protective layer is laid on the surface of the repair substrate layer, and through holes are opened on the protective layer for the plants to pass through in the field.

[0032] S6. Install miniature meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment and drip irrigation equipment. Based on the monitoring data, carry out drip irrigation or spray watering during key phenological periods, and regularly observe changes in plant communities and microbial activity.

[0033] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. By setting up a leveling surface, acclimatization shed, basic netting layer, fixing device, repair substrate layer, planting trough, protective layer, micro meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment, and drip irrigation equipment, a three-in-one ecological restoration system was constructed, which accelerates the formation and succession of the soil-vegetation system. It can achieve a vegetation coverage of more than 80% on the bare surface within 1 to 2 growing seasons. Moreover, the plant community has great potential for natural succession from highly adaptable acclimatized plants to more complex native woody species, reducing the need for long-term artificial intervention, which is in line with the principle of sustainability of plateau ecological restoration and optimizes the restoration effect of plateau and cold environment restoration work.

[0035] 2. By setting up pre-embedded columns, mounting grooves, matching columns, pressure plates, base plates, mounting columns, support springs, fixing rods, and drive components, the basic mesh layer can be fixed, making the formed repair substrate layer more stable. At the same time, the fixing rods can fix the pre-embedded columns to the soil on the flat surface, making the fixing effect of the basic mesh layer better.

[0036] 3. By setting up a drive rod, a fixed slot sleeve, a sliding slot sleeve, an upper slider, an upper sliding groove, a lower slider, a lower sliding groove, a limit spring, and a connecting spring, the fixed rod can be driven to move outward from the pre-embedded column while fixing the pressure plate, making the operation of fixing the foundation mesh layer simpler. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the repair system in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of the fixing device on the base mesh layer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the fixing device in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the overall structure of the fixing device in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the telescopic sleeve structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 6 It is a manifestation Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mating column structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the fixed component structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Flat surface; 2. Base mesh layer; 3. Fixing device; 31. Embedded column; 311. Mounting groove; 312. Fixing hole; 313. Adaptor groove; 314. Upper sliding groove; 315. Lower sliding groove; 32. Base plate; 321. Limiting hole; 33. Mounting column; 331. Transmission plate; 332. Intermediate plate; 333. Support spring; 334. Fixing rod; 34. Matching column; 35. Pressure plate; 36. Drive assembly; 61. Telescopic sleeve; 3611. Fixed groove sleeve; 3612. Sliding groove sleeve; 3613. Upper slider; 3614. Lower slider; 3615. Support rod; 3616. Guide ring; 3617. Support plate; 3618. Guide rod; 3619. Connecting spring; 362. Limiting spring; 363. Drive rod; 37. Fixed assembly; 371. Limiting rod; 372. Torsion spring; 4. Repair substrate layer; 41. Planting trough; 5. Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0047] This application discloses an ecological restoration system suitable for high-altitude and cold environments. It includes a leveling surface 1, which is used to level exposed surfaces in high-altitude and cold regions to form a leveling surface 1. Simultaneously, soil samples are taken from the exposed surface to determine its physicochemical properties and the composition of native microbial communities. Three to five native plant species are selected and cultivated for at least two generations in a growth chamber simulating a high-altitude and cold environment to obtain F1 seeds or seedlings of the domesticated generation. Functional strains with efficient nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, extracellular polymer production, and low-temperature resistance are isolated and screened from collected healthy native soil, and then cultured on a large scale.

[0048] F1 plant seedlings and the aforementioned functional strains were co-cultured in a simulated high-altitude cold-weather pot substrate. By controlling water and nutrient stress, their symbiotic relationship and joint resistance were further strengthened, resulting in a symbiotically adapted plant-microbe complex. An acclimatization shed was built near level surface 1, with soil and climate conditions similar to those of level surface 1. The obtained complex was transplanted to the acclimatization shed, and a gradual exposure method was adopted, i.e., the protection was gradually removed over 1-2 growing seasons to allow it to fully adapt to the extreme field environment, resulting in field-acclimatized plants.

[0049] A base mesh layer 2 is laid on the flat surface 1. Multiple fixing devices 3 are provided on the base mesh layer 2. The multiple fixing devices 3 are evenly distributed on the base mesh layer 2. The fixing devices 3 are used to fix the base mesh layer 2 to the flat surface 1. The fixing device 3 includes a pre-embedded column 31. The lower end of the pre-embedded column 31 has a pointed tip. The pre-embedded column 31 also has an installation groove 311 that penetrates the upper end of the pre-embedded column 31.

[0050] A horizontal base plate 32 is provided in the mounting groove 311. The base plate 32 is located at the bottom of the mounting groove 311, and there is a distance between the lower surface of the base plate 32 and the bottom wall of the mounting groove 311. A mounting post 33 is slidably inserted through the base plate 32. The mounting post 33 is located at the center of the pre-embedded post 31. The cross-section of the mounting post 33 is rectangular. The length direction and sliding direction of the mounting post 33 are both set along the length direction of the pre-embedded post 31. A transmission plate 331 located above the base plate 32 is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting post 33. The transmission plate 331 is set horizontally.

[0051] An intermediate plate 332 located between the base plate 32 and the transmission plate 331 is also fixedly connected to the mounting column 33. The intermediate plate 332 is horizontally positioned, and a support spring 333 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the intermediate plate 332. The support spring 333 is sleeved on the mounting column 33, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the base plate 32. The support spring 333 supports the intermediate plate 332 and the mounting column 33, creating a distance between the lower end of the mounting column 33 and the lower end wall of the mounting groove 311. A transmission plate 331 is hinged to the side wall of the mounting column 33. The fixing rod 334 below is a plurality of fixing rods 334. The side wall of the embedded column 31 is provided with fixing holes 312 located below the hinge point of the fixing rod 334. The fixing holes 312 penetrate the side wall of the embedded column 31. The fixing holes 312 correspond one-to-one with the fixing rods 334. Each fixing rod 334 is inserted into the corresponding fixing hole 312. The end of the fixing rod 334 away from the mounting column 33 does not protrude from the outer side wall of the embedded column 31. The ends of the multiple fixing rods 334 away from the mounting column 33 face downward and are inclined in a direction away from each other.

[0052] A mating post 34 is also inserted into the mounting slot 311. The diameter of the mating post 34 is smaller than the inner diameter of the embedded post 31. A horizontally arranged pressure plate 35 is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of the mating post 34. An adapter slot 313 is provided on the side wall of the embedded post 31 for the pressure plate 35 to be inserted. When the upper end face of the mating post 34 is flush with the upper end face of the embedded post 31, the pressure plate 35 is inserted into the adapter slot 313. The embedded post 31 is also provided with a driving assembly 36 for driving the fixing rod 334 to move out of the embedded post 31. The driving assembly 36 can also fix the mating post 34.

[0053] The drive assembly 36 includes a telescopic sleeve 361 slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove 311. The telescopic sleeve 361 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove 311 in both its telescopic direction and length direction along the length direction of the embedded column 31. The telescopic sleeve 361 is located above the transmission plate 331, and its lower end contacts the transmission plate 331. The telescopic sleeve 361 includes a fixed groove sleeve 3611 with a U-shaped cross-section and a sliding groove sleeve 3612 with a U-shaped cross-section. The fixed groove sleeve 3611 is inserted into the sliding groove sleeve 3612. In the sliding sleeve 3612, the fixed sleeve 3611 and the sliding sleeve 3612 are open on the side near the center of the embedded column 31, and the lower end of the sliding sleeve 3612 is in contact with the upper surface of the transmission plate 331; a drive rod 363 adapted to the fixed sleeve 3611 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mating column 34, and the inner side wall of the fixed sleeve 3611 gradually protrudes from top to bottom towards each other, so that the fixed sleeve 3611 and the drive rod 363 are interference fit.

[0054] A T-shaped upper slider 3613 is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixed sleeve 3611 near the side wall of the embedded column 31. An upper sliding groove 314 corresponding to the upper slider 3613 is opened on the inner side wall of the fixed groove. The length direction of the upper sliding groove 314 is horizontally arranged along the circumference of the embedded column 31. A limit spring 362 is fixedly connected to one side wall of the upper slider 3613. The end of the limit spring 362 away from the upper slider 3613 is fixed to the groove wall of the corresponding end of the upper sliding groove 314. The limit spring 362 limits the upper slider 3613, so that the fixed sleeve 3611 is located at one end of the upper sliding groove 314.

[0055] A T-shaped sliding block 3614 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding sleeve 3612 near the side wall of the embedded column 31. A sliding groove 315 adapted to the sliding block 3614 is opened on the inner side wall of the fixed groove. The sliding groove 315 is oriented along the length of the groove 314, and the side of the sliding groove 315 near the limiting spring 362 gradually slopes downward. Horizontally arranged support rods 3615 are fixedly connected to the outer side walls of both long sides of the fixed sleeve 3611. The support rods 3615 pass through the corresponding side of the sliding sleeve 3612. The side wall is slidably inserted into the side wall. The two support rods 3615 are fixedly connected to the opposite ends of each other with guide rings 3616. The axial direction of the guide rings 3616 is set along the length direction of the pre-embedded column 31. The bottom of the two long sides of the outer side wall of the sliding groove sleeve 3612 is fixedly connected to horizontally set support plates 3617. The support plates 3617 are located directly below the corresponding guide rings 3616. The upper surface of the support plates 3617 is vertically fixedly connected to guide rods 3618, which are inserted into the corresponding guide rings 3616.

[0056] Each guide rod 3618 is fitted with a connecting spring 3619. The lower end of the connecting spring 3619 is fixed to the support plate 3617, and the upper end of the connecting spring 3619 is fixed to the lower surface of the corresponding guide ring 3616. The limiting spring 362 cooperates with the connecting spring 3619 to make the sliding groove sleeve 3612 located at the highest point of its movement trajectory. At this time, the included angle between the telescopic sleeve 361 and the adapter groove 313 is greater than the included angle between the drive rod 363 and the pressure plate 35.

[0057] The embedded column 31 is also provided with a fixing component 37 for fixing the mounting column 33. The fixing component 37 includes multiple limiting rods 371 hinged to the side wall of the mounting column 33. With the mounting column 33 as the starting point of rotation, the rotation angle of the limiting rods 371 is no more than 90 degrees. The multiple limiting rods 371 are distributed around the periphery of the embedded column 31. A torsion spring 372 is sleeved on the hinge rod of the limiting rod 371. One end of the torsion spring 372 is fixed to the mounting column 33, and the other end of the torsion spring 372 is fixed to the limiting rod 371. The upper ends of all the limiting rods 371 are upward and inclined in a direction away from each other. The base plate 32 is provided with limiting holes 321 corresponding to the limiting rods 371. The limiting holes 321 penetrate the base plate 32. The end of the limiting rod 371 away from the mounting column 33 is inserted into the corresponding limiting hole 321, and the upper end of the limiting rod 371 is located above the base plate 32. At this time, the torsion spring 372 is deformed.

[0058] When fixing the base mesh layer 2, firstly, insert pre-embedded columns 31 at multiple points of the base mesh layer 2. When inserting the pre-embedded columns 31, make the tips of the pre-embedded columns 31 face downwards until the bottom wall of the adapter groove 313 is close to the surface of the flat surface 1. Then insert the adapter column into the mounting groove 311, and at the same time, insert the drive rod 363 into the fixing sleeve 3611. At this time, the pressure plate 35 is not aligned with the adapter groove 313. When the pressure plate 35 moves down to near the upper surface of the pre-embedded column 31, rotate the pressure plate 35. The pressure plate 35 drives the mating column 34, the drive rod 363, the fixing sleeve 3611 and the sliding sleeve 3612 to move, so that the sliding sleeve 3612 moves to the lower side of the lower groove 315. At the same time, the upper slider 3613 moves to compress the limit spring 362.

[0059] When the sliding sleeve 3612 moves, the lower slider 3614 cooperates with the lower sliding groove 315, causing the sliding sleeve 3612 to move downward relative to the fixed sleeve 3611. The movement of the sliding sleeve 3612 drives the support plate 3617 and the guide rod 3618 to move, and also stretches the connecting spring 3619. When the sliding sleeve 3612 moves downward, it pushes the transmission plate 331, the mounting column 33 and the fixing rod 334 downward, causing the fixing rod 334 to rotate. The end of the fixing rod 334 away from the mounting column 33 moves outward from the pre-embedded column 31, thereby inserting into the soil and fixing the pre-embedded column 31.

[0060] The downward movement of the mounting column 33 also causes the limiting rod 371 to move downward. When the sliding sleeve 3612 moves to the lowest point of the movement trajectory, the limiting rod 371 disengages from the limiting hole 321 and moves to below the base plate 32. At this time, the torsion spring 372 restores its deformation and causes the limiting rod 371 to rotate. The upper ends of all the limiting rods 371 move away from each other. At this time, the base plate 32 cooperates with the limiting rod 371 to fix the mounting column 33, so that the mounting column 33 and the fixing rod 334 can maintain their current positions, thereby allowing the fixing rod 334 to maintain its position on the embedded column 31. Fixing; when the sliding sleeve 3612 moves to the lowest point of the movement trajectory, the pressure plate 35 rotates to align with the adapter slot 313, and continues to press the pressure plate 35 downward, so that the drive rod 363 continues to move into the fixed sleeve 3611. The drive rod 363 cooperates with the lower end of the fixed sleeve 3611, and the bottom of the drive rod 363 and the fixed sleeve 3611 are interference-fitted, so that the drive rod 363 and the fixed sleeve 3611 can be fixed, so that the pressure plate 35 maintains its current position. The pressure plate 35 can press the base mesh layer 2 onto the flat surface 1, thereby completing the fixing of the base mesh layer 2.

[0061] After the base mesh layer 2 is fixed, the operator sprays a layer of repair substrate onto the base mesh layer 2 to form the repair substrate layer 4. The repair substrate includes the following components by volume: 30 to 40 parts of soil from the on-site acclimatization shed, 20 to 30 parts of humus, 5 to 10 parts of organic binder, 3 to 5 parts of mineral toughening fiber, 2 to 4 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of water-retaining agent, and 1 to 3 parts of compound microbial agent dry powder made from cultivated functional strains. The mineral toughening fiber and organic binder in the repair substrate can form a mesh reinforcement, which improves the repair substrate layer 4's resistance to freeze-thaw cracking, wind erosion, and water erosion.

[0062] Before the repair substrate layer 4 is fully cured, the operator uses tools to press honeycomb-shaped planting troughs 41 into the repair substrate layer 4, and plants field-acclimatized plants with rhizobium soil in each planting trough 41. The structure of the planting trough 41 is biomimetic to the granular structure of alpine meadows, which increases the surface area of ​​the planting trough 41 and creates diverse micro-environments such as sunny slopes, shady slopes and depressions. This is conducive to water collection, seed retention and habitat of different microorganisms and small animals, and promotes biodiversity. The honeycomb-shaped planting trough 41 also plays a certain role in heat insulation, buffering drastic changes in soil temperature and protecting plant roots and microorganisms. After planting, a layer of plant fiber blanket with a controllable degradation cycle is covered on the repair substrate layer 4 as a protective layer 5. The protective layer 5 has through holes for the field-acclimatized plants to pass through.

[0063] A miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device is installed on the flat surface 1, and the miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device has an alarm function. A drip irrigation device is also installed on the flat surface 1. Neither the miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device nor the drip irrigation device is shown in the figure. When the value measured by the miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device reaches the set value, the miniature weather and soil moisture monitoring device will alarm, and the operator will control the drip irrigation device to irrigate the plants.

[0064] Through the above setup, a three-in-one ecological restoration system was constructed, consisting of "adaptive biological complex (plant-microorganism) - stable artificial soil structure (restoration substrate) - dynamic monitoring and management". Microbial activity improves the soil and promotes plant growth; plant roots stabilize the substrate and provide carbon sources for microorganisms; honeycomb-shaped planting troughs 41 provide physical shelter for plants and microorganisms. The three form a positive feedback loop, accelerating the formation and succession of the soil-vegetation system. It can achieve a vegetation coverage of more than 80% of the exposed surface within 1 to 2 growing seasons. Moreover, the plant community has great potential for natural succession from highly adaptable domesticated plants to more complex native woody species. Therefore, the ecological restoration system has self-sustaining capabilities, reduces the need for long-term artificial intervention, conforms to the principle of sustainability in plateau ecological restoration, and optimizes the restoration effect of plateau and cold environment restoration work.

[0065] The implementation principle of an ecological restoration system suitable for high-altitude and cold environments according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: The exposed surface of the high-altitude and cold environment is leveled to form a level surface 1. Simultaneously, soil samples are taken from the exposed surface to determine its physicochemical properties and the composition of the native microbial community. Three to five native plant species are selected to obtain F1 seeds or seedlings for domestication. Functional strains with efficient nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, extracellular polymer production, and low-temperature resistance are isolated and screened from the collected healthy native soil and cultured on a large scale. The F1 plant seedlings and the aforementioned functional strains are co-cultured in a simulated high-altitude and cold-weather potted substrate to obtain a symbiotic plant-microbe complex. A domestication shed is built near the level surface 1, and the obtained complex is transplanted to the domestication shed. A gradual exposure method is adopted, that is, the protection is gradually removed over 1-2 growing seasons to allow it to fully adapt to the extreme field environment, obtaining on-site domesticated plants.

[0066] A base mesh layer 2 is laid on the flat surface 1 and fixed to the flat surface 1 by the fixing device 3. Then, the repair substrate is sprayed on the base mesh layer 2 to form the repair substrate layer 4. Before the repair substrate layer 4 is completely solidified, planting troughs 41 are pressed out on the repair substrate layer 4 using tools, and field-acclimatized plants are planted in the planting troughs 41. After planting, a protective layer 5 is covered on the repair substrate layer 4. Finally, a micro weather and soil moisture monitoring device and an irrigation device are installed on the flat surface 1, and irrigation is carried out according to the reminders of the micro weather and soil moisture monitoring device.

[0067] An ecological restoration method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, employing the aforementioned restoration system, includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. Level the exposed surfaces in the high-altitude and cold environment to form a flat surface 1;

[0069] The exposed surfaces were cleared, the gravel was loosened, and micro-ecological trenches were dug along the slope in an alternating pattern. The soil samples from the exposed surfaces were taken to determine their physicochemical properties and the composition of the native microbial community.

[0070] S2. Primary laboratory-based collaborative domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain plant-microorganism complexes;

[0071] Select 3 to 5 native plant species and conduct at least two generations of stress resistance screening and cultivation in a growth box simulating a high-altitude and cold plateau environment to obtain F1 seeds or seedlings of the domesticated generation.

[0072] Functional strains with efficient nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, extracellular polymer production, and low-temperature resistance were isolated and screened from healthy local soil collected from S1, and then expanded for cultivation.

[0073] F1 plant seedlings and the aforementioned functional strains were co-cultured in a simulated high-altitude cold potting substrate. By controlling water and nutrient stress, their symbiotic relationship and joint resistance were further strengthened, resulting in a plant-microbe complex that had undergone symbiotic adaptation.

[0074] S3. Secondary on-site biomimetic domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain on-site domesticated plants;

[0075] An acclimatization shed was built near the level surface 1, and the soil and climate conditions inside the acclimatization shed were similar to those of the level surface 1.

[0076] The consortium obtained from S2 was transplanted to the acclimatization shed, and the gradual exposure method was adopted, that is, the protection was gradually removed over 1-2 growing seasons to allow it to fully adapt to the extreme field environment and obtain field-acclimatized plants.

[0077] S4. Construct and repair the base plate, and plant the acclimatized plants on site;

[0078] A base mesh layer 2 is laid on the flat surface 1 and fixed to the flat surface 1 by a fixing device 3. A repair substrate is covered on the base layer to form a repair substrate layer 4. A honeycomb-shaped planting trough 41 is pressed into the repair substrate layer 4 by a tool. The planting trough 41 has a heat insulation function, and the field-acclimatized plants obtained by S3 are planted in each planting trough 41.

[0079] S5. A protective layer 5 is laid on the surface of the repair substrate layer 4, and through holes are provided on the protective layer 5 for the plants to pass through in the field.

[0080] S6. Install miniature meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment and drip irrigation equipment. Based on the monitoring data, carry out drip irrigation or spray watering during key phenological periods, and regularly observe changes in plant communities and microbial activity.

[0081] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration system suitable for high-altitude cold environment, characterized in that: Including a flat surface (1), which is formed by flattening the exposed surface in the high-altitude and cold environment (1); ​ An acclimatization shed is built on one side of the flat surface (1). The top and side walls of the acclimatization shed can be disassembled. Acclimatized plants are planted inside the acclimatization shed. A base mesh layer (2) is laid on the flat surface (1), and a plurality of fixing devices (3) are provided on the base mesh layer (2) to fix the base mesh layer (2) to the flat surface (1). Topsoil is sprayed onto the base mesh layer (2) to form a repair substrate layer (4). A honeycomb-shaped planting trough (41) is pressed into the upper surface of the repair substrate layer (4) using a tool, and domesticated plants from the acclimatization shed are transplanted into the planting trough (41). A plant fiber blanket with a controllable degradation cycle is covered on the surface of the repair substrate layer (4) to form a protective layer (5), and the protective layer (5) has through holes for the domesticated plants to pass through; A micro weather and soil moisture monitoring device is installed on the repair substrate layer (4). The micro weather and soil moisture monitoring device has an alarm function. A drip irrigation device is also installed on the repair substrate layer (4).

2. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 1, wherein: Multiple fixing devices (3) are evenly distributed on the base mesh layer (2). Each fixing device (3) includes a pre-embedded column (31) inserted into the flat surface (1). The pre-embedded column (31) has an installation groove (311) penetrating its top surface. The bottom of the installation groove (311) is provided with a horizontal base plate (32). There is a distance between the lower surface of the base plate (32) and the bottom wall of the installation groove (311). A sliding joint with the pre-embedded column (311) is slidably inserted on the base plate (32). The length direction and sliding direction are both along the pre-embedded column (311). 1) A mounting column (33) is set along the length direction. A middle plate (332) located above the base plate (32) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the mounting column (33). A support spring (333) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the middle plate (332). The lower end of the support spring (333) is fixed to the base plate (32). The support spring (333) supports the base plate (32) and the mounting column (33), so that there is a distance between the lower end of the mounting column (33) and the bottom wall of the mounting groove (311). The top of the mounting column (33) is hinged with multiple fixing rods (334), which are distributed around the circumference of the mounting column (33). The lower ends of all fixing rods (334) are downward and inclined in a direction away from each other. The side wall of the embedded column (31) is provided with fixing holes (312) corresponding to the fixing rods (334). The lower ends of the fixing rods (334) are inserted into the fixing holes (312), and the lower ends of the fixing rods (334) do not protrude from the outer wall of the embedded column (31). A mating column (34) located above the mounting column (33) is inserted into the mounting groove (311). A horizontally arranged pressure plate (35) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mating column (34). The length direction of the pressure plate (35) is perpendicular to the length direction of the embedded column (31). An adapter groove (313) for the pressure plate (35) to be inserted is provided on the side wall of the embedded column (31). The mounting groove (311) is also provided with a drive assembly (36) for moving the drive fixing rod (334) outward to the pre-embedded column (31), and the drive assembly (36) can fix the mating column (34) and the pre-embedded column (31).

3. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 2, characterized in that: The drive assembly (36) includes a telescopic sleeve (361) slidably connected to the circumferential wall of the mounting groove (311). The telescopic sleeve (361) includes a fixed groove sleeve (3611) and a sliding groove sleeve (3612). The fixed groove sleeve (3611) is located inside the sliding groove sleeve (3612), and the sliding direction of the fixed groove sleeve (3611) is set horizontally. A limiting spring (362) is fixedly connected to the fixed groove sleeve (3611) with the telescopic direction set along the sliding direction of the fixed groove sleeve (3611). The limiting spring (362) is fixed to the inner wall of the embedded column (31), and the sliding direction of the sliding groove sleeve (3612) gradually tilts downward along the horizontal direction. The limiting spring (362) limits the fixed sleeve (3611) and the sliding sleeve (3612). A connecting spring (3619) is provided between the fixed sleeve (3611) and the sliding sleeve (3612). The limiting spring (362) and the connecting spring (3619) cooperate to limit the sliding sleeve (3612), so that the sliding sleeve (3612) is located at the highest point of its movement trajectory. The sliding sleeve (3612) is located above the mounting post (33) and in contact with the mounting post (33). When the sliding sleeve (3612) is located at the lowest point of the movement trajectory, the pressure plate (35) is aligned with the corresponding adapter groove (313). The drive assembly (36) also includes a drive rod (363) fixedly connected to the side wall of the mating column (34). The drive rod (363) is adapted to the fixed sleeve (3611). The two long side walls of the fixed sleeve (3611) that are close to each other thicken from top to bottom in the direction of approaching each other. The drive rod (363) and the bottom of the fixed sleeve (3611) are interference fit.

4. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 3, characterized in that: Support rods (3615) are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the two long sides of the fixed sleeve (3611). The support rods (3615) penetrate the corresponding long side wall of the sliding sleeve (3612) and slide into the corresponding side wall. The ends of the two support rods (3615) that are far apart from each other are fixedly connected to guide rings (3616). The axial direction of the guide rings (3616) is set along the length direction of the pre-embedded column (31). The bottom of the two long sides of the sliding sleeve (3612) is fixedly connected to a support plate (3617) located directly below the guide ring (3616). A guide rod (3618) is fixedly connected to the support plate (3617). The guide rod (3618) is inserted into the corresponding guide ring (3616). The upper end of the connecting spring (3619) is fixed to the guide ring (3616), and the lower end of the connecting spring (3619) is fixed to the support plate (3617).

5. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the mounting column (33) is fixedly connected to a horizontal transmission plate (331), which is located below the sliding groove sleeve (3612) and is in contact with the sliding groove sleeve (3612).

6. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The embedded column (31) is also provided with a fixing component (37) for fixing the installation column (33).

7. The ecological restoration system suitable for high-cold environment of claim 6, characterized in that: The fixing component (37) includes a plurality of limiting rods (371) hinged to the lower end of the mounting post (33). The end of all the limiting rods (371) away from the mounting post (33) is upward and inclined in a direction away from each other. With the mounting post (33) as the starting point of rotation, the rotation angle of the limiting rods (371) is no greater than ninety degrees. The base plate (32) is provided with limiting holes (321) corresponding to the limiting rods (371). Each limiting rod (371) is inserted into the corresponding limiting hole (321), and the upper end of the limiting rod (371) is higher than the base plate (32). A torsion spring (372) is sleeved on the hinge rod of the limiting rod (371). One end of the torsion spring (372) is fixed to the mounting post (33), and the other end of the torsion spring (372) is fixed to the limiting rod (371). When the limiting rod (371) is inserted into the limiting hole (321), the torsion spring (372) deforms.

8. An ecological restoration method suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, implemented using the ecological restoration system described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1. Level the exposed surface of the plateau and cold environment to form a flat surface (1). Take samples of the soil on the exposed surface and determine its physical and chemical properties and the composition of the local microbial community. S2. Primary laboratory-based collaborative domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain a symbiotically adapted plant-microorganism complex; S3. Secondary on-site biomimetic domestication of plants and microorganisms to obtain on-site domesticated plants; S4. Construct a repair base plate, lay a base mesh layer (2) on a flat surface (1), and fix the base mesh layer (2) on the flat surface (1) by a fixing device (3). Cover the base layer with a repair substrate to form a repair substrate layer (4). Press honeycomb-shaped planting troughs (41) on the repair substrate layer (4) using a tool. The structure of the planting trough (41) has the function of heat insulation. Plant the field-acclimatized plants obtained in S3 in each planting trough (41). S5. A protective layer (5) is laid on the surface of the repair substrate layer (4), and through holes are provided on the protective layer (5) for the plants to pass through in the field. S6. Install miniature meteorological and soil moisture monitoring equipment and drip irrigation equipment. Based on the monitoring data, carry out drip irrigation or spray watering during key phenological periods, and regularly observe changes in plant communities and microbial activity.

Images