An outdoor box-type substation

Abstract

This application relates to the field of power distribution network infrastructure technology and discloses an outdoor box-type substation, including a box shell. Exhaust fans are provided on both sides of the top of the box shell, and a static cyclone separator air inlet module is provided on the side wall of the box shell. A gravity flap valve is hinged to the bottom of the static cyclone separator air inlet module. A central clean air channel connecting to the interior of the box shell is provided in the static cyclone separator air inlet module, and a main air inlet louver valve is provided at the connection between the central clean air channel and the interior of the box shell. By using a movable pulley to multiply the minute linear thermal expansion displacement into a long-stroke flexible traction force, not only is the metal fatigue, deformation, and mechanical jamming problem that easily occurs with traditional rigid connecting rods under large temperature fluctuations outdoors completely avoided, but the power transmission can also ignore the complex electrical and physical obstacles inside the box, achieving ultimate flexibility and precise wiring from the central heat source to the outer dustproof components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution network infrastructure technology, specifically an outdoor prefabricated substation. Background Technology

[0002] Outdoor prefabricated substations, as core hubs in the end-of-line distribution of modern power grids, are constantly exposed to complex and variable outdoor climates. The massive waste heat emitted by transformers during continuous voltage boosting or bucking operations, combined with harsh environmental conditions such as outdoor sandstorms, torrential rain, and high salt spray, creates an inherent contradiction in the equipment protection system. To balance the stringent requirements of high protection levels and high-power convection cooling, traditional engineering designs generally adopt a physical defense architecture of static louvered composite porous filters, coupled with active exhaust fans controlled by electronic temperature sensors.

[0003] This seemingly robust physical barrier mechanism reveals insurmountable engineering vulnerabilities during its actual service life. Dust filters with tiny pores readily form a dense, hardened mud layer on their windward side when exposed to high-energy windblown sand particles and rainwater mixtures. This mud layer hardens rapidly over time, irreversibly blocking the original fluid convection channels. The drastic reduction in ventilation cross-sectional area not only directly deprives transformers of their natural passive cooling capacity but also forces grid operators to invest heavily in daily maintenance, frequently dispatching personnel for on-site disassembly and cleaning, severely weakening the unattended nature of distribution nodes.

[0004] In attempting to enhance environmental adaptability through electronic means, traditional architectures also face challenges related to the underlying physical reliability. Fan control links built upon thermistor probes and microcomputer processing units are highly susceptible to signal drift or control circuit breakdown / short circuitry when exposed to drastic day-night temperature fluctuations, high-voltage electrical and electromagnetic interference, and surge currents generated by thunderstorms. The collapse of such a weak-current control system often leads to the exhaust fan unit being erroneously triggered under extreme conditions where the external filter screen is airtight. This results in the forced extraction of deep negative pressure within a confined space lacking external air intake compensation, ultimately causing devastating electrical disasters such as motor overload, stall, and thermal damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an outdoor prefabricated substation that solves the maintenance pain points of traditional physical dust filter screens, which are prone to mud caking and blockage in outdoor environments with alternating wind, sand, and precipitation, leading to the paralysis of passive heat dissipation channels and heavy reliance on manual high-frequency inspection and cleaning. It also overcomes the electrical vulnerability of conventional heat dissipation systems, which rely excessively on weak current environment sensors and are prone to control logic collapse when facing thunderstorms, large temperature fluctuations, and strong electromagnetic interference, thus inducing exhaust fans to stall and be damaged due to forced air extraction within the fully enclosed enclosure. Furthermore, from the underlying physical transmission architecture, it completely resolves the irreconcilable fluid dynamic airlock contradiction between the bottom sewage discharge and ash unloading action and the violent backflow of external atmosphere when introducing screenless cyclone dust removal technology under deep negative pressure suction conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an outdoor box-type substation includes a box shell, with exhaust fans on both sides of the top of the box shell, a static cyclone separator air inlet module on the side wall of the box shell, a gravity flap valve hinged to the bottom of the static cyclone separator air inlet module, a central clean air channel connecting to the interior of the box shell in the static cyclone separator air inlet module, a main air inlet louver valve at the connection between the central clean air channel and the interior of the box shell, a phase change paraffin actuator on the top of the interior of the box shell, a power output base fixedly connected to its output end, a movable pulley mounted on the power output base, a stationary anchor point fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box shell, a first unidirectional flexible cable fixedly connected to the stationary anchor point, and the first unidirectional flexible cable... After passing over the movable pulley, the device extends out of the housing and connects to the gravity flap valve. One end of the second unidirectional flexible cable is fixedly connected to the power output base. The other end of the second unidirectional flexible cable is connected to the opening and closing drive end of the main air intake louver valve. When the ambient temperature inside the housing rises, the phase change paraffin actuator expands and drives the power output base, causing linear displacement. The stroke amplification factor of the movable pulley pulls the first unidirectional flexible cable to tighten and forcibly lock the gravity flap valve with a long stroke. Simultaneously, the second unidirectional flexible cable pulls the second unidirectional flexible cable to open the main air intake louver valve. When the temperature drops, the phase change paraffin actuator contracts and resets, pulling back the power output base. The second unidirectional flexible cable relaxes, and the main air intake louver valve automatically closes under the drive of its reset spring. The first unidirectional flexible cable enters a natural relaxation state to release the locking constraint on the gravity flap valve.

[0007] Preferably, a tension buffer spring is connected in series on the first unidirectional flexible cable, and the second unidirectional flexible cable has a length slack in its initial state, so that the single driving displacement output by the phase change paraffin actuator produces a differential timing effect between the first unidirectional flexible cable and the second unidirectional flexible cable.

[0008] Preferably, at the initial stage of the expansion drive power output base displacement of the phase change paraffin actuator, the first unidirectional flexible cable is instantly pulled and locked by the gravity flap bottom valve. At this time, the length slack of the second unidirectional flexible cable is gradually straightened and the main air intake louver valve remains closed. In the subsequent stage of the power output base continuing to move forward, the second unidirectional flexible cable is stretched to open the main air intake louver valve, while the stretch buffer spring is stretched to absorb the excess displacement stroke of the amplified output of the moving pulley, and the spring tension is used to continuously maintain the locking of the gravity flap bottom valve.

[0009] Preferably, the gravity flap bottom valve is equipped with an auxiliary locking spring. When the first unidirectional flexible cable is in a naturally relaxed state, and the weight of the solid-liquid mixture trapped above the gravity flap bottom valve exceeds the sum of the bottom valve's own weight and the elastic force of the auxiliary locking spring, the gravity flap bottom valve is naturally flipped downward to open and unload ash under the control of gravity. After emptying the dirt, it is automatically reset and closed by the pull of the auxiliary locking spring.

[0010] Preferably, a mechanical micro switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the exhaust fan, and a triggering element is provided on the outer wall of the power output base. The mechanical micro switch is fixedly installed next to the linear motion trajectory of the triggering element. When the power output base undergoes linear displacement, the triggering element physically presses or releases the mechanical micro switch to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan.

[0011] Preferably, the static cyclone separator air inlet module includes a separator tower, a tangential air inlet guide channel, and a funnel-shaped dust collection and sewage discharge channel. The separator tower is vertically suspended on the outside of the housing shell. The tangential air inlet guide channel is opened on the side of the upper half of the separator tower to guide external air to form a rotating centrifugal airflow. The lower half of the separator tower smoothly transitions into a dust collection and sewage discharge channel with a smooth inner wall. The gravity flap bottom valve is hinged to the bottom discharge port of the dust collection and sewage discharge channel.

[0012] Preferably, the phase change paraffin actuator includes a sealed cylinder, phase change paraffin filled inside the sealed cylinder, a main piston rod, and a return spring. One end of the main piston rod extends into the sealed cylinder, and the other end is fixedly connected to the power output base. The return spring is located at the rear end of the phase change paraffin actuator and is used to provide a forced return mechanical pull to the main piston rod and the power output base to overcome the system friction when the phase change paraffin shrinks in volume due to a drop in temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the interior of the enclosure is divided into a high-voltage chamber, a low-voltage chamber, and a transformer chamber by a partition. The transformer chamber is located between the high-voltage chamber and the low-voltage chamber, and the tops of the high-voltage chamber and the low-voltage chamber are also sealed by a partition. An airflow channel is formed on the top of the enclosure that communicates with the transformer chamber. The exhaust ends of the airflow channel are connected to the exhaust fan, and the inlet ends are connected to the main air inlet louver valve. A transformer is installed in the transformer chamber, and a phase change paraffin actuator is located above the transformer. The partition is made of extruded aluminum alloy composite substrate, and its surface is densely covered with heat-absorbing fins. The heat-absorbing fins facing the airflow channel are parallel to the airflow direction.

[0014] This invention provides an outdoor prefabricated substation. It has the following advantages: 1. This invention amplifies minute linear thermal expansion displacement into a long-stroke flexible traction force through a movable pulley. This not only completely avoids the metal fatigue, deformation, and mechanical jamming problems that easily occur with traditional rigid linkages under large temperature fluctuations outdoors, but also enables power transmission to ignore complex electrical and physical obstacles inside the housing, achieving ultimate flexibility and precise wiring from the central heat source to the outer dustproof components. Simultaneously, by utilizing the reserved slack length of the second unidirectional flexible cable and the tension buffer spring connected in series on the first unidirectional flexible cable, the system constructs an absolutely rigid action sequence at a purely physical level. Specifically, the bottom valve is forcefully locked before the air inlet louvers are opened and pressure is built up, and only released after the louvers are completely closed and pressure is cut off. The buffer spring not only absorbs the excess stroke amplified by the pulley but also transforms it into a powerful locking pressure to resist the high internal negative pressure, ensuring the stability of the centrifugal vortex field without any electronic logic unit intervention throughout the process.

[0015] 2. This invention precisely sets a trigger mechanism on the outer wall of the power output base and rigorously calibrates it with the mechanical micro switch using spatial interference coordinates. This restricts the power supply start-up and shutdown of the fan to the absolute physical stroke of the actuator. This hard-connected electrical topology is immune to thunderstorms, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference, ensuring that the fan only operates under the precondition of the main air intake louver valve being open, greatly improving the equipment's survivability under complex weather conditions in the field.

[0016] 3. This invention, while strictly adhering to the dust and moisture prevention requirements of precision high and low voltage electrical equipment, establishes a zoned heat conduction topology that achieves absolute physical isolation and efficient thermodynamic coupling. The high-pressure chamber and low-pressure chamber are separated by a sealed partition, creating a clean microenvironment protected from external dust-laden cold airflow. Simultaneously, an extruded aluminum alloy composite substrate with heat-absorbing fins serves as a shared cold wall. High-speed negative-pressure cold airflow strongly sweeps across the parallel fins on the partition surface within the interconnected airflow channel, artificially creating a steep cross-wall temperature gradient. This allows for the continuous extraction and dissipation of dangerous resistive heat accumulated within the sealed chamber into the atmosphere with minimal wind resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a frontal perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear perspective view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a rear view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the transformer room in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the box in this invention.

[0018] The components include: 1. Enclosure; 101. High-voltage chamber; 102. Low-voltage chamber; 103. Transformer chamber; 104. Airflow channel; 2. Exhaust fan; 3. Separation tower; 4. Gravity flap bottom valve; 5. Central clean air channel; 6. Main air inlet louver valve; 7. Phase change paraffin actuator; 8. Power output base; 9. Moving pulley; 10. Static anchor point; 11. First unidirectional flexible cable; 12. Second unidirectional flexible cable; 13. Tension buffer spring; 14. Tangential air inlet guide channel; 15. Dust collection and sewage discharge channel. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6This invention provides an outdoor box-type substation, including a box shell 1. Exhaust fans 2 are provided on both sides of the top of the box shell 1. A static cyclone separator air inlet module is provided on the side wall of the box shell 1. A gravity flap valve 4 is hinged to the bottom of the static cyclone separator air inlet module. A central clean air channel 5 is provided in the static cyclone separator air inlet module, connecting to the interior of the box shell 1. A main air inlet louver valve 6 is provided at the connection between the central clean air channel 5 and the interior of the box shell 1. A phase change paraffin actuator 7 is provided at the top inside the box shell 1, and its output end is fixedly connected to a power output base 8. A movable pulley 9 is mounted on the power output base 8. A stationary anchor point 10 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box shell 1. A first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is fixedly connected to the stationary anchor point 10. The first unidirectional flexible cable 11 passes through the movable pulley 9 and exits the box shell 1. Connected to the gravity flap bottom valve 4, one end of the second one-way flexible cable 12 is fixedly connected to the power output base 8. The other end of the second one-way flexible cable 12 is connected to the opening and closing drive end of the main air intake louver valve 6. When the internal ambient temperature of the housing shell 1 rises, the phase change paraffin actuator 7 expands and drives the power output base 8 to undergo linear displacement. Using the stroke amplification factor of the movable pulley 9, the first one-way flexible cable 11 is pulled with a long stroke to tighten and forcibly lock the gravity flap bottom valve 4. At the same time, the second one-way flexible cable 12 is pulled to open the main air intake louver valve 6. When the temperature drops, the phase change paraffin actuator 7 contracts and resets and pulls back the power output base 8. The second one-way flexible cable 12 relaxes, and the main air intake louver valve 6 automatically closes under the drive of its reset spring. The first one-way flexible cable 11 enters a natural relaxation state to release the locking constraint on the gravity flap bottom valve 4.

[0021] The interior of the outer casing 1 is divided into a high-voltage chamber 101, a low-voltage chamber 102, and a transformer chamber 103 by a partition. The transformer chamber 103 is located between the high-voltage chamber 101 and the low-voltage chamber 102, and the tops of the high-voltage chamber 101 and the low-voltage chamber 102 are also sealed by a partition. An airflow channel 104 is formed on the top of the outer casing 1, which is connected to the transformer chamber 103. The exhaust ends of the airflow channel 104 are connected to the exhaust fan 2, and the air inlet ends are connected to the main air inlet louver valve 6. A transformer is installed in the transformer chamber 103. The phase change paraffin actuator 7 is located above the transformer. The partition is made of extruded aluminum alloy composite substrate, and its surface is densely covered with heat-absorbing fins. The heat-absorbing fins facing the airflow channel 104 are parallel to the airflow direction.

[0022] The internal space of the outer casing 1 is divided into three independent working areas by solid metal partitions. The transformer room 103 is located in the core area of ​​the overall physical structure, while the high-voltage room 101 and the low-voltage room 102 are located on both sides of the transformer room 103. In terms of spatial isolation, the tops of the high-voltage room 101 and the low-voltage room 102 are also completely sealed by partitions, absolutely isolating the internal precision electrical equipment from external convective gases, thus creating a dustproof and moisture-proof sealed microenvironment.

[0023] At the top of the enclosure 1, due to the physical obstruction and definition of the top partitions of the high-voltage chamber 101 and the low-voltage chamber 102, an airflow channel 104 with a clear direction is naturally formed. This airflow channel 104 is physically connected only directly to the transformer chamber 103 located in the middle.

[0024] The exhaust ends of the airflow channel 104 are connected to the exhaust fans 2 mounted on both sides of the top of the housing 1. The exhaust ports of the exhaust fans 2 face the outside atmosphere, while the air inlet of the airflow channel 104 is connected to the main air inlet louver valve 6 in the hydrodynamic circuit. This layout ensures that when the exhaust fans 2 are running, the negative pressure suction airflow can strictly follow the predetermined path through the airflow channel 104.

[0025] The partitions separating the aforementioned independent chambers are all made of aluminum alloy composite substrate manufactured using an extrusion molding process. This material ensures the substation's pressure-bearing and explosion-proof strength while creating a solid heat transfer layer with extremely low thermal resistance. Densely distributed heat-absorbing fins are integrally formed on the physical surface of the partitions.

[0026] To match the hydrodynamic characteristics, the heat-absorbing fins facing the airflow channel 104 extend in a direction absolutely parallel to the airflow direction generated by the exhaust fan 2. The parallel arrangement of the fins provides a large heat exchange area while avoiding physical obstruction and eddy current interference to the high-speed sweeping suction airflow. The resistance heat accumulated inside the sealed high-pressure chamber 101 and low-pressure chamber 102 is conducted to the heat-absorbing fins on the outside through the partition, and then carried away by the forced cold airflow, establishing the passive heat conduction boundary of the system.

[0027] It should be noted that although the high-pressure chamber 101 and the low-pressure chamber 102 are sealed to the outside, they are equipped with a low-power internal micro-circulation fan. This fan does not draw in outside air, but only agitates the fluid within the sealed compartment, blowing the hot air emitted by the circuit breaker and busbar towards the outer metal casing 1 (radiating heat to the atmosphere) and the heat-absorbing fins on the inside of the partition.

[0028] The transformer, serving as the core heat source of the system, is fixedly installed inside the transformer chamber 103. The phase change paraffin actuator 7 is suspended and fixed directly above the transformer by a rigid support. This installation position is at the apex of the vertical upward path of the heated and expanding gas inside the transformer chamber 103, ensuring that the phase change paraffin actuator 7 can most directly capture the temperature change of the thermal field and establish it as the initial power source for the mechanical linkage of the entire system.

[0029] The static cyclone separator air intake module includes a separator tower 3, a tangential air intake guide channel 14, and a funnel-shaped dust collection and sewage discharge channel 15. The separator tower 3 is vertically suspended on the outside of the housing shell 1. The tangential air intake guide channel 14 is opened on the side of the upper half of the separator tower 3 to guide the external air to form a rotating centrifugal airflow. The lower half of the separator tower 3 smoothly transitions into the dust collection and sewage discharge channel 15 with a smooth inner wall. The gravity flap bottom valve 4 is hinged to the bottom discharge port of the dust collection and sewage discharge channel 15.

[0030] The gravity flap bottom valve 4 is equipped with an auxiliary locking spring. When the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is in a naturally relaxed state, and the weight of the solid-liquid mixture trapped above the gravity flap bottom valve 4 exceeds the sum of the weight of the bottom valve and the elastic force of the auxiliary locking spring, the gravity flap bottom valve 4 is naturally flipped downward to open and unload ash under the control of gravity. After emptying the dirt, it is automatically reset and closed by the pull of the auxiliary locking spring.

[0031] In this embodiment, for the first line of physical environmental defense around the prefabricated substation, the system abandons conventional mesh filter media and instead constructs a static cyclone separator air intake module. The main structure of this module is a cylindrical separator tower 3. The separator tower 3 is vertical and fixed to the outside of the prefabricated housing 1 by a high-strength load-bearing bracket. The bottom of the separator tower 3 maintains sufficient physical clearance from the ground to provide the necessary space for the subsequent gravity settling and smooth discharge of solid and liquid waste.

[0032] In this invention, a tangential air inlet guide groove 14 is integrally formed or machined on the side solid wall panel of the upper cylindrical section of the separation tower 3. The air inlet end face of the tangential air inlet guide groove 14 is directly open to the outside, and its inner flow channel presents a geometric curve transition shape that is tangential to the inner wall of the separation tower 3. When outside air is forcibly drawn in under the action of internal and external pressure difference, the tangential geometric constraint forces the airflow to strictly adhere to the inner wall, thereby spontaneously transforming into a high-speed rotating centrifugal airflow vortex.

[0033] At the central axis of the separation tower 3, a central clean air channel 5 is coaxially and vertically distributed. After reaching a predetermined elevation, the upper end of the central clean air channel 5 undergoes a 90-degree right-angle lateral bend, and then extends vertically to the bottom of the outer casing 1, penetrating the solid side wall of the outer casing 1 in a straight line and probing into the interior of the transformer chamber 103.

[0034] In this embodiment, the end of the central clean air channel 5, which extends into the housing, is tightly fitted and sealed to the air inlet flange of the main air inlet louver valve 6 installed on the inner side of the side wall. The internal moving blades of the main air inlet louver valve 6 are equipped with an independent return spring mechanism. In the absence of external mechanical force, the torque applied by the return spring forces the louver valve blades to overlap and press against each other, maintaining an absolute blockage of the fluid passage.

[0035] In this invention, to address the need for waste collection and discharge generated by cyclone separation, the lower half of the separation tower 3 has a smooth, downward-sloping physical form that naturally transitions into a funnel-shaped dust collection and sewage discharge trough 15. The inner wall of the dust collection and sewage discharge trough 15 is polished with a high mesh count, resulting in an absolutely smooth and unobstructed physical state, eliminating the adhesion boundary points of mud, sand, and rainwater at this location.

[0036] At the bottom edge of the discharge port in the dust collection and sewage discharge trough 15, a gravity flap valve 4 is mechanically hinged by a metal pin. An auxiliary locking spring is fitted to the outside of the valve cover of the gravity flap valve 4. Under static atmospheric pressure with no negative pressure and a clean internal environment, the low tension provided by the auxiliary locking spring pulls the valve cover upwards, ensuring it tightly seals against the discharge port sealing ring and maintaining fluid airtightness at the bottom. When the weight of the accumulated solid-liquid mixture trapped in the concave area above the gravity flap valve 4 exceeds the sum of the valve's own mass and the auxiliary locking spring's force, the valve will naturally flip downwards at a large angle in accordance with the direction of gravity, releasing the discharge channel.

[0037] A tension buffer spring 13 is connected in series on the first unidirectional flexible cable 11, and the initial state of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is reserved with a length slack, so that the single driving displacement output by the phase change paraffin actuator 7 produces a differential timing effect between the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 and the second unidirectional flexible cable 12.

[0038] The phase change paraffin actuator 7 includes a sealed cylinder, phase change paraffin filling the sealed cylinder, a main piston rod, and a return spring. One end of the main piston rod extends into the sealed cylinder, and the other end is fixedly connected to the power output base 8. The return spring is located at the rear end of the phase change paraffin actuator 7 and is used to provide the main piston rod and the power output base 8 with a forced return mechanical pull to overcome the system friction when the phase change paraffin shrinks in volume due to the temperature drop.

[0039] In this embodiment, for the core transmission hub that coordinates the overall electromechanical and fluid valve timing, the system adopts a composite architecture of phase change thermodynamics and pulley linear drive differential transmission. The physical body of the phase change paraffin actuator 7 includes a sealed cylinder made of a metal with high thermal conductivity. The limited volume inside the sealed cylinder is completely filled with phase change paraffin material. A main piston rod that withstands bidirectional stress has its working end penetrating the cylinder end cap seal ring, immersed in and in direct contact with the phase change paraffin. A return spring is installed at the rear end of the phase change paraffin actuator 7.

[0040] In this invention, the output end of the main piston rod extending outside the sealed cylinder is vertically mounted with a power output base 8 via rigid welding or bolt fastening. The load-bearing surface of the power output base 8 moves linearly along a predetermined axis in a one-to-one manner, following the displacement of the main piston rod. One or more movable pulleys 9 are integrated into the structure of the power output base 8. The grooves of the movable pulleys 9 are used to define and guide the movement trajectory of the flexible transmission cable.

[0041] On the physical surface of the inner wall of the housing 1, corresponding to the initial position of the power output base 8, a stationary anchor point 10 is anchored by high-strength fasteners. A first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is introduced into this transmission system. The first end of the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is locked and fixed to the stationary anchor point 10, and the cable extends straight forward, precisely engaging and bypassing the groove of the movable pulley 9 on the power output base 8. After bypassing the movable pulley 9, the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 passes through a directional pulley group to adjust its routing posture, penetrates the housing 1, and extends vertically downward, with its tail end connected and fastened to the locking control arm on the outside of the external gravity flap bottom valve 4.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is not an absolutely rigid, non-stretchable cable. A tension buffer spring 13 is connected in series on the straight section of the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 inside the box.

[0043] In this invention, to achieve differential stroke output, the system is separately configured with a second unidirectional flexible cable 12. The first end of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 does not bypass any moving pulley 9, but is directly locked to the straight connecting ring on the edge of the power output base 8 body by means of a hard knot or a cable clamp fixing point. The cable body of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is led out through a cable guide groove, and its tail end is mechanically connected to the opening and closing drive swing arm of the blades inside the main air intake louver valve 6.

[0044] In terms of physical length and displacement interference calibration, the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is intentionally reserved with a specific length of slack when the phase change paraffin actuator 7 is in a static state with its original contraction at room temperature. This non-tight geometric shape with sag physically cuts off the instantaneous tension transmission of the power output base 8 to the main air intake louver valve 6 during its initial small displacement, thus establishing the timing delay working basis of the double cable mechanism with alternating tightening and loosening from the transmission source.

[0045] A mechanical micro switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the exhaust fan 2. A triggering element is provided on the outer wall of the power output base 8. The mechanical micro switch is fixedly installed next to the linear motion trajectory of the triggering element. When the power output base 8 undergoes linear displacement, the triggering element physically presses or releases the mechanical micro switch to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan 2.

[0046] In this embodiment, for the electrical triggering mechanism of the exhaust fan 2 inside the prefabricated substation, the system adopts a fully mechanical hard-interlock architecture that abandons the microprocessor. In the main power supply circuit of the exhaust fan 2, an industrial-grade heavy-duty mechanical microswitch is directly connected in series in a series topology. The state transition of the spring inside the mechanical microswitch constitutes the sole physical condition for determining whether the exhaust fan 2 is powered on or off, thereby eliminating the possibility of electrical logic errors caused by the failure of external weak current environment sensors.

[0047] In this invention, a trigger lever is integrally formed or rigidly bolted to the outer wall of the power output base 8. The physical configuration of the trigger lever is a solid metal cam block with a smooth inclined surface and a flat pressing surface. When the phase change paraffin actuator 7 drives the power output base 8 to move back and forth linearly along a predetermined guide rail, the trigger lever moves synchronously linearly.

[0048] The mechanical micro switch body is securely mounted on a stationary beam inside the transformer room 103 via an insulated fastening bracket, ensuring no displacement. The specific spatial coordinates of the mechanical micro switch are precisely set beside the longitudinal linear motion trajectory of the aforementioned trigger element. The mechanical force-bearing contact of the mechanical micro switch extends directly towards the trajectory surface, exhibiting a clear physical spatial interference with the cross-sectional outline of the trigger element. This rigid displacement conflict ensures that the power output base 8, within a specific travel range, will inevitably complete the pressing operation of the switch state through physical contact.

[0049] In this embodiment, the calibration mounting point of the mechanical micro switch on the spatial axis has a tight interlocking matching relationship with the stroke parameters of the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 and the second unidirectional flexible cable 12. When the trigger is pushed forward to begin contacting and pressing the contact of the mechanical micro switch, the absolute physical spatial position for energizing and pressurizing the exhaust fan 2 is precisely set at the instant when the reserved slack length of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is completely straightened. This point arrangement completely isolates the hydrodynamic risk of backflow caused by the forced start of the fan before the gravity flap bottom valve 4 is fully tightened and locked.

[0050] In this invention, during the reverse retraction stroke of the power output base 8, the trigger mechanism finally disengages and releases the mechanical microswitch contact, causing the exhaust fan 2 to stop pumping. The physical spatial position at which this stops is reverse-calibrated to the point where the main intake louver valve 6, driven by its own return spring, has just completed absolute closure and cut off the airflow channel 104. This reverse delayed contact calibration prevents electrical hazards such as stalling and overheating damage to the exhaust fan 2 within a sealed, unventilated enclosure, while simultaneously establishing an absolute atmospheric pressure environment for subsequent ash unloading operations.

[0051] At the initial stage of the expansion drive of the phase change paraffin actuator 7 to drive the displacement of the power output base 8, the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 is instantly pulled and locked by the gravity flap bottom valve 4. At this time, the length slack of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is gradually straightened and the main air intake louver valve 6 remains closed. In the subsequent stage of the power output base 8 continuing to move forward, the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is pulled to open the main air intake louver valve 6, while the stretch buffer spring 13 is stretched to absorb the excess displacement stroke of the amplified output of the moving pulley 9, and the spring tension is used to continuously maintain the locking of the gravity flap bottom valve 4.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the transformer inside the prefabricated substation enters a high-load operation cycle, the continuously dissipated heat causes the ambient temperature inside the transformer chamber 103 to exceed the critical melting point of the phase change material. At this point, the paraffin wax in the sealed cylinder of the phase change paraffin actuator 7 undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid and expands violently. The resulting enormous hydrostatic pressure acts directly on the main piston rod, overcoming the reverse resistance of the return spring and forcibly driving the power output base 8 forward in a linear displacement. During this thermodynamic energy conversion process, the system's linear differential transmission center simultaneously initiates the first dynamic sequence of pressure build-up, airlocking, and dust removal / heat dissipation during the high-load period.

[0053] In the initial stage of the forward movement of the power output base 8, the stroke amplification mechanism of the movable pulley 9 and the tension of the cable first perform the physical airlock judgment. The power output base 8 drives the movable pulley 9 on it to move forward synchronously. The small displacement of the movable pulley 9 is instantly amplified into a multiple extraction stroke at the end of the cable. This long-stroke, high-strength mechanical tension extends along the cable to the bottom of the separation tower 3, overcoming the gravity vector of the dust accumulated above the gravity flap bottom valve 4, and tightly tightening the bottom valve and fitting it at the edge of the discharge port. At this time, the second unidirectional flexible cable 12, due to the initial reserved length slack, only gradually straightens as the base moves, and fails to apply any effective traction force to the main air inlet louver valve 6. The louver valve remains sealed under the pressure of its return spring. This stage completely completes the absolute physical airlock action to prevent backflow at the bottom.

[0054] As the power output base 8 continues to advance, the slack of the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 is completely flattened and consumed, and the system then enters the electromechanical interlock pressure-building stage. At the same geometric point where the slack is zero, the trigger pin on the outer wall of the power output base 8 slides and presses against the mechanical micro switch on the side. The mechanical micro switch contacts close, delivering strong electrical power to the exhaust fan 2. The exhaust fan 2 begins to run at full speed, forcibly extracting the stagnant gas in the airflow channel 104. Since the main air inlet louver valve 6 is still in the blocked air inlet closed state at this moment, the interior of the housing shell 1 is rapidly evacuated and a global high-intensity airflow negative pressure field is established, completing the potential energy reserve for subsequent vortex excitation.

[0055] As the power output base 8 advances to its final full-scale stage, the system fully releases its dust removal and heat dissipation capabilities. The second unidirectional flexible cable 12 continues to be stretched under tension, directly overcoming the spring resistance of the main air intake louver valve 6 and forcibly pulling the louver blades to a fully open state. Under the violent pull of the strong internal and external pressure difference, the external cold air instantly passes through the tangential air intake guide channel 14 and rushes into the separation tower 3, spontaneously agitating a high-speed downward washing strong centrifugal cyclone. Solid particles and liquid water droplets entrained in the air are thrown and hit the tower wall by inertial force, eventually settling and accumulating in large quantities above the gravity flap bottom valve 4, which is in a forced locked state.

[0056] During this dust removal and conduction phase, the redundant stretching stroke of the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 generated by the continuous forward movement of the power output base 8 does not cause rigid damage to the locked bottom valve, but is entirely converted into the elastic deformation of the series tension buffer spring 13. The purified dry and cold airflow then violently enters the transformer chamber 103 through the central clean air channel 5, washing the transformer surface and partition fins from bottom to top, stripping away all the deep-seated waste heat and throwing it into the outside atmosphere by the top exhaust fan 2.

[0057] In this embodiment, when the prefabricated substation switches to a low-load grid mode, the heat output of the transformer body decreases sharply, causing the ambient temperature inside the transformer chamber 103 to drop below the critical melting point of the phase change material. The paraffin in the sealed cylinder of the phase change paraffin actuator 7 solidifies and contracts from a liquid state, and the volume expansion force decreases to zero. The pre-tightening return spring at the rear end releases potential energy, forcefully pulling back the main piston rod and the power output base 8 to perform a reverse linear displacement. At this time, the system precisely enters the second dynamic working sequence of pressure cutoff, isolation, and gravity ash removal during the low-load cooling period.

[0058] In the initial stage of the reverse retraction of the power output base 8, the non-rigid connection characteristic of the linear drive differential mechanism dominates the flow field cutoff and physical moisture-proofing action. As the base retracts, the second unidirectional flexible cable 12 immediately loses its traction tension and re-emerges with sag. The main air intake louver valve 6 is no longer subject to tension traction, and relying on the torque released by its built-in return spring, it instantly forces the overlapping blades to engage in a fully locked state. This closing action not only physically cuts off the path of external high-humidity cold air masses penetrating into the room and curbs the risk of condensation on the internal precision insulating terminals, but also completely blocks the negative pressure source of the exhaust fan 2 to the external static cyclone separation air intake module at the aerodynamic level, causing the high-speed rotating cyclone vortex inside the separation tower 3 to quickly disintegrate, and the internal flow field returns to a standard atmospheric pressure state.

[0059] As the power output base 8 continues to retract along the predetermined guide rail, the system sequentially executes the absolutely safe shutdown protection control logic. At this time, the trigger pin on the outer wall of the base moves along the spatial trajectory, and its physical end face finally disengages from the forced pressure interference zone on the mechanical micro switch contact. The internal contact spring of the mechanical micro switch breaks under its own elastic force, and the main power supply circuit of the exhaust fan 2 is instantly physically cut off, causing the motor to lose its excitation torque and stop rotating. This electromechanical disconnection action is precisely limited to the point after the main air inlet louver valve 6 is indeed closed, eliminating the electrical safety hazard of the exhaust fan 2 running idle in an airtight enclosure until it burns out from the hardware source.

[0060] During the middle and later stages of the retraction stroke of the power output base 8 until it is fully reset, the combined mechanism of the tension buffer spring 13 and the moving pulley 9 completes the coordinated energy storage and release with normal pressure material discharge. During the retraction process, the large amount of theoretical relaxation generated by the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 due to the base retraction is offset by the gradual shortening and convergence of the tension buffer spring 13, which was previously in a tensile state, ensuring that the gravity flap bottom valve 4 remains locked and leak-free during this pressure reduction transition period.

[0061] When the power output base 8 finally approaches the initial limit endpoint, the tension buffer spring 13 completely returns to its natural original length state without elastic deformation. The massive displacement relaxation amplified by the moving pulley 9 instantly gives the first unidirectional flexible cable 11 a large cable redundancy, causing it to completely lose tension and enter a fully relaxed state. The gravity flap valve 4 instantly escapes the upward mechanical pull constraint. The large amount of coarse mud and liquid water mixture deposited and hardened above its valve cover during a whole day of high load, in a normal pressure gravity field where the negative pressure is completely removed, breaks the balance of the weak lifting force of the bottom auxiliary locking spring. Under this self-weight load, the bottom valve naturally and unhinderedly flips downwards at a large angle, trapping waste that pours down the inner wall of the funnel-shaped dust collection and sewage discharge trough 15 onto the external ground. After the dirt is drained, the gravity load is sharply reduced, and the bottom valve is pulled back and closed by the auxiliary spring, awaiting the next locking and pressure-building cycle triggered by transformer heating.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An outdoor prefabricated substation, comprising a prefabricated enclosure (1), characterized in that, The top two sides of the outer shell (1) of the box are provided with exhaust fans (2). The side wall of the outer shell (1) of the box is provided with a static cyclone separation air inlet module. The bottom end of the static cyclone separation air inlet module is hinged with a gravity flap bottom valve (4). The static cyclone separation air inlet module is provided with a central clean air channel (5) that connects to the inside of the outer shell (1). The connection between the central clean air channel (5) and the inside of the outer shell (1) of the box is provided with a main air inlet louver valve (6). The top of the inner wall of the outer shell (1) of the box is provided with a phase change paraffin actuator (7). Its output end is fixedly connected to a power output base (8). The power output base (8) is equipped with a movable pulley (9). The inner wall of the outer shell (1) of the box is fixedly connected with a stationary anchor point (10). The stationary anchor point (10) is fixedly connected with a first unidirectional flexible cable (11). The first unidirectional flexible cable (11) passes around the movable pulley (9), passes out of the outer shell (1) of the box and connects to the gravity flap bottom valve (4). The bottom valve (4) is fixedly connected to one end of the second unidirectional flexible cable (12) on the power output base (8). The other end of the second unidirectional flexible cable (12) is connected to the opening and closing drive end of the main air intake louver valve (6). When the ambient temperature inside the housing shell (1) rises, the phase change paraffin actuator (7) expands and drives the power output base (8), causing linear displacement. The stroke amplification factor of the movable pulley (9) is used to pull the first unidirectional flexible cable (11) to travel a long distance. The process tightens and forcibly locks the gravity flap bottom valve (4), and simultaneously pulls the second one-way flexible cable (12) to open the main air intake louver valve (6). When the temperature drops, the phase change paraffin actuator (7) contracts and resets and pulls back the power output base (8). The second one-way flexible cable (12) relaxes, and the main air intake louver valve (6) automatically closes under the drive of its reset spring. The first one-way flexible cable (11) enters a natural relaxation state to release the locking constraint on the gravity flap bottom valve (4).

2. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A tension buffer spring (13) is connected in series on the first unidirectional flexible cable (11), and the second unidirectional flexible cable (12) has a length slack in its initial state so that the single driving displacement output by the phase change paraffin actuator (7) produces a differential timing effect between the first unidirectional flexible cable (11) and the second unidirectional flexible cable (12).

3. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 2, characterized in that, At the initial stage of the expansion drive of the phase change paraffin actuator (7) to drive the displacement of the power output base (8), the first unidirectional flexible cable (11) is instantly pulled and locked by the gravity flap bottom valve (4). At this time, the length slack of the second unidirectional flexible cable (12) is gradually straightened and the main air intake louver valve (6) remains closed. In the subsequent stage of the power output base (8) continuing to move forward, the second unidirectional flexible cable (12) is pulled to open the main air intake louver valve (6), while the stretch buffer spring (13) is stretched to absorb the excess displacement stroke of the amplified output of the moving pulley (9), and the spring tension is used to continuously maintain the locking of the gravity flap bottom valve (4).

4. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gravity flap bottom valve (4) is equipped with an auxiliary locking spring. When the first unidirectional flexible cable (11) is in a naturally relaxed state, when the gravity of the solid-liquid mixture trapped above the gravity flap bottom valve (4) exceeds the sum of the weight of the bottom valve and the elastic force of the auxiliary locking spring, the gravity flap bottom valve (4) is naturally flipped downward to open and unload ash under the control of gravity. After emptying the dirt, it is automatically reset and closed by the pull of the auxiliary locking spring.

5. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mechanical micro switch is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the exhaust fan (2). A triggering element is provided on the outer wall of the power output base (8). The mechanical micro switch is fixedly installed next to the linear motion trajectory of the triggering element. When the power output base (8) undergoes linear displacement, the triggering element physically presses or releases the mechanical micro switch to control the start and stop of the exhaust fan (2).

6. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static cyclone separator air intake module includes a separator tower (3), a tangential air intake guide channel (14), and a funnel-shaped dust collection and sewage discharge channel (15). The separator tower (3) is vertically suspended on the outside of the outer shell (1) of the housing. The tangential air intake guide channel (14) is opened on the side of the upper half of the separator tower (3) to guide the external air to form a rotating centrifugal airflow. The lower half of the separator tower (3) smoothly transitions into a dust collection and sewage discharge channel (15) with a smooth inner wall. The gravity flap bottom valve (4) is hinged at the bottom discharge port of the dust collection and sewage discharge channel (15).

7. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change paraffin actuator (7) includes a sealed cylinder, phase change paraffin filled inside the sealed cylinder, a main piston rod, and a return spring. One end of the main piston rod extends into the sealed cylinder, and the other end is fixedly connected to the power output base (8). The return spring is located at the rear end of the phase change paraffin actuator (7) and is used to provide the main piston rod and the power output base (8) with a forced return mechanical pull to overcome the system friction when the phase change paraffin shrinks in volume due to the temperature drop.

8. An outdoor prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the housing (1) is divided into a high-pressure chamber (101), a low-pressure chamber (102) and a transformer chamber (103) by a partition. The transformer chamber (103) is located between the high-pressure chamber (101) and the low-pressure chamber (102). The tops of the high-pressure chamber (101) and the low-pressure chamber (102) are also sealed by a partition. An airflow channel (104) is formed on the top of the housing (1) and communicates with the transformer chamber (103). The exhaust end of the airflow channel (104) is connected to the exhaust fan (2), and the air inlet end is connected to the main air inlet louver valve (6). A transformer is installed in the transformer chamber (103). A phase change paraffin actuator (7) is located above the transformer. The partition is made of extruded aluminum alloy composite substrate, and its surface is densely covered with heat-absorbing fins. The heat-absorbing fins facing the airflow channel (104) are parallel to the airflow direction.

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