Aerogel thermal stability test system and test method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an aerogel thermal stability test system and a test method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aerogel testing. The system comprises a test table and a control seat. An insulation groove for testing the thermal stability of aerogel is arranged at the top of the test table. A heating seat is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the insulation groove. A test frame is connected to the top of the heating seat through a heat conduction plate. The piston plate is used to drive the oxygen supply through the downward pressing action, so that the mechanical pressure and the flame combustion are coupled in the physical mechanism. Not only the additional control gas circuit is saved, but also the real physical process of "pressure leading to structural deformation, and then affecting the flame impact effect" is simulated. The fire test under dynamic pressure is realized. The key working condition which is difficult to simulate in static or step-by-step test is realized. The protective performance of the material in the extreme dynamic event can be more truly evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerogel testing technology, and in particular to an aerogel thermal stability testing system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of the new energy vehicle industry, the safety of power battery systems has become a core challenge restricting the industry's progress. During thermal runaway, the temperature of a single lithium-ion battery cell can instantly rise to over 800°C, accompanied by multiple extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure gas, flame impact, and mechanical vibration. Aerogel composite insulation products, due to their ultra-low thermal conductivity and Class A non-flammability, are widely used as thermal protection materials such as cell heat separators and battery pack covers.

[0003] However, in actual use, aerogel batteries not only have to withstand long-term high-temperature aging, but also need to resist periodic mechanical loads (such as vibrations caused by vehicle bumps, and compression from cell expansion and contraction) as well as occasional direct flame impacts.

[0004] Currently, conventional testing methods for the thermal stability of aerogels have significant shortcomings: Limited testing conditions: Existing standards (such as GB / T 34336) typically only assess the mass loss or dimensional changes of materials under static high temperatures, which cannot simulate the combined effects of cyclic pressure loads and flame impacts, leading to a disconnect between laboratory data and actual service performance.

[0005] The existing flame and pressure tests are conducted independently, failing to simulate the real physical process of "the instantaneous expansion and compression of the aerogel due to thermal runaway of the battery cell, while simultaneously being directly impacted by a high-temperature flame," thus overestimating the material's actual protective capabilities. Therefore, this paper proposes an aerogel thermal stability testing system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art by proposing an aerogel thermal stability testing system and method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An aerogel thermal stability testing system includes a test platform and a control base. The top of the test platform is provided with a heat-insulating groove for testing the thermal stability of the aerogel. A heating base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat-insulating groove. The top of the heating base is connected to a test frame through a heat-conducting plate. The inner wall of the test frame is connected to a test base through a guide component. The test bench is fixedly connected to a hydraulic push rod via a fixing plate. The output end of the hydraulic push rod is connected to multiple hydraulic pumps via a flat seat. The output end of the hydraulic pumps is connected to a test pressure column via a damping component. A test pressure plate is fixed to the bottom of the test pressure column. A fire component for flame impact testing of aerogel at high temperature is provided on the test pressure plate.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the test bench is fixedly connected to multiple support seats, and the control seat is fixedly installed on the inclined side wall of the test bench.

[0009] Preferably, the inner wall of the insulation tank of the test bench is provided with a power connector, and the side wall of the heating seat is fixedly connected with a plug-in socket adapted to the power connector.

[0010] Preferably, the guide assembly includes a slide fixed to the four outer walls of the test seat, the top of the test seat has a placement groove for placing the aerogel to be tested, the inner wall of the test frame is divided into four independent heating chambers by a cross plate, the inner wall of the heating chamber in the test frame has a guide groove, and the inner wall of the guide groove is slidably connected to the slide.

[0011] Preferably, the damping assembly includes a pressure pipe fixed to the output end of the hydraulic pump, and the flat seat has a plurality of mounting holes for fixing the pressure pipe, and the pressure pipe is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0012] Preferably, a damping plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure tube, and the inner wall of the pressure tube is slidably connected to the test pressure column through a piston plate.

[0013] Preferably, the combustion assembly includes a gas tank fixed to the test pressure plate, the gas tank is fixed with a gas nozzle, an oxygen tank is fixed to the top of the test pressure plate, and the oxygen tank is connected to the bottom of the pressure pipe through a pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom end of the pressure tube is connected to a combustion-supporting nozzle, and two through holes for installing the gas nozzle and the combustion-supporting nozzle are provided in the test pressure plate. A combustion chamber connected to the through holes is provided at the bottom end of the test pressure plate. An electronic igniter is fixed to the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and a protective cover is fixed to the inner wall at the bottom end of the combustion chamber.

[0015] A testing method includes the following steps: S1. Test sample preparation: Place the same batch of aerogels for the control test in different test seats. Then slide the test seats onto the heat-conducting plate in the test frame via the slide block. Then heat them synchronously via the heating seat so that the multiple groups of aerogels for the control test can be tested for differences under the same ambient temperature. S2, Pressure Test Stage: Hydraulic pumps apply hydraulic pressure to the pressure pipe, causing the hydraulic oil to slowly push the piston plate through the damping plate, thereby pressing the test plate onto the aerogel. During the process of pumping hydraulic oil, the hydraulic pump causes the pressure of the test plate to recede, thus achieving periodic load testing of the aerogel. S3, Flame Test Stage: During the pressure test, the piston plate presses down and forces some oxygen into the combustion chamber through the combustion nozzle. Combined with the gas delivered by the gas nozzle, flames are ejected under the action of the electronic igniter to conduct a flame test on the aerogel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This scheme, through the setting of the test frame, can achieve completely synchronous heating of multiple groups of control samples by using a heat preservation tank and multiple independent heating chambers. This eliminates the systematic errors introduced by environmental fluctuations (such as differences in heating rate and temperature uniformity) in traditional time-sharing tests, so that different samples have the same initial environmental temperature in subsequent differentiated tests (such as some being pressurized and some being burned), ensuring that the experimental conclusions are clearly attributable and scientifically rigorous.

[0017] 2. This solution, through the configuration of the combustion component, utilizes the downward movement of the piston plate to drive oxygen supply, thus physically coupling the two independent test actions of mechanical pressure and flame combustion. This not only saves on additional control gas paths but also simulates the real physical process of "pressure causing structural deformation, which in turn affects the flame impact effect," enabling combustion testing under dynamic pressure. This is a critical condition that is difficult to simulate in static or step-by-step tests, allowing for a more realistic evaluation of the material's protective performance in extreme dynamic events (such as battery explosion impact accompanied by flame).

[0018] 3. This solution, through the setting of damping plates, can utilize the restriction of hydraulic oil flow by the damping plates to convert the direct push of the hydraulic pump into a slow, controlled impact on the piston plate. By adjusting the pressure and frequency of the hydraulic pump or the aperture of the damping plates, it is possible to accurately simulate various mechanical environments, from periodic low-frequency vibrations (such as vehicle vibration) to quasi-static constant loads (such as overload). The flexible impact design avoids the instantaneous damage to materials caused by rigid impacts, and focuses more on the fatigue and creep behavior of materials under repeated or continuous stress, making the data more meaningful for engineering reference. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is an overall assembly diagram of an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 3This is an assembly diagram of the test plate and test frame in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding component in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the test plate in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pressure tube in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure below the test column in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the test plate in an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention. Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a test method for an aerogel thermal stability testing system proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Test bench; 2. Control base; 3. Support base; 4. Power connector; 5. Plug-in socket; 6. Heating base; 7. Heat-conducting plate; 8. Test frame; 9. Slide base; 10. Test base; 11. Hydraulic push rod; 12. Flat base; 13. Hydraulic pump; 14. Pressure pipe; 15. Damping plate; 16. Piston plate; 17. Test pressure column; 18. Test pressure plate; 19. Gas tank; 20. Gas nozzle; 21. Oxygen tank; 22. Combustion-supporting nozzle; 23. Electronic igniter; 24. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example, refer to Figures 1 to 9 An aerogel thermal stability testing system includes a test platform 1 and a control base 2. The top of the test platform 1 is provided with a heat-insulating groove for testing the thermal stability of the aerogel. A heating base 6 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat-insulating groove. The top of the heating base 6 is connected to a test frame 8 through a heat-conducting plate 7. The inner wall of the test frame 8 is connected to a test base 10 through a guide component. Furthermore, the bottom of the test bench 1 is fixedly connected to multiple support seats 3, the control seat 2 is fixedly installed on the inclined side wall of the test bench 1, the inner side wall of the insulation groove of the test bench 1 is provided with a power connector 4, the side wall of the heating seat 6 is fixedly connected with a plug seat 5 that is compatible with the power connector 4, the guide assembly includes a slide seat 9 fixed on the four outer side walls of the test seat 10, the top of the test seat 10 is provided with a placement groove for placing the aerogel to be tested, the inner side wall of the test frame 8 is divided into four independent heating chambers by a cross plate, the inner side wall of the heating chamber in the test frame 8 is provided with a guide slide groove, and the inner side wall of the guide slide groove is slidably connected to the slide seat 9; It should be noted that: multiple sets of aerogels to be tested are placed in the placement slot of the test seat 10, and then the slide seat 9 is controlled to slide on the guide slide in the test frame 8, so that the test seat 10 is moved to the heat conduction plate 7. After the power connector 4 and the plug-in seat 5 are powered on, the heating seat 6 is used to heat the multiple sets of aerogels to be tested evenly and stably. The advantages mentioned above are: multiple groups of aerogels serve as control groups for each other, ensuring that the aerogels in the multiple control tests maintain a stable and synchronized environment in subsequent differential tests; The test bench 1 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic push rod 11 via a fixed plate. The output end of the hydraulic push rod 11 is connected to multiple hydraulic pumps 13 via a flat seat 12. The output end of the hydraulic pumps 13 is connected to a test pressure column 17 via a damping component. The bottom end of the test pressure column 17 is fixed to a test pressure plate 18. The test pressure plate 18 is equipped with a fire component for testing the flame impact of aerogel at high temperature. Furthermore, the damping assembly includes a pressure pipe 14 fixed to the output end of the hydraulic pump 13. The flat seat 12 has multiple mounting holes for fixing the pressure pipe 14. The pressure pipe 14 is filled with hydraulic oil. A damping plate 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure pipe 14. The inner wall of the pressure pipe 14 is slidably connected to the test pressure column 17 through the piston plate 16. The combustion assembly includes a gas tank 19 fixed to the test pressure plate 18. A gas nozzle 20 is fixed to the gas tank 19. An oxygen tank 21 is fixed to the top of the test pressure plate 18. The oxygen tank 21 is connected to the bottom end of the pressure pipe 14 through a pipe. A combustion-supporting nozzle 22 is connected to the bottom end of the pressure pipe 14. Two through holes for installing the gas nozzle 20 and the combustion-supporting nozzle 22 are opened in the test pressure plate 18. A combustion chamber connected to the through holes is opened at the bottom end of the test pressure plate 18. An electronic igniter 23 is fixed to the inner wall of the combustion chamber. A protective cover 24 is fixed to the inner wall of the bottom end of the combustion chamber. The piston plate 16 has a hydraulic oil chamber above it and an oxygen chamber below it. The piston plate 16 is used to isolate the two chambers. The displacement change of the piston plate 16 when it is pressed down will compress the oxygen in the oxygen chamber below, so that the oxygen enters the combustion pipe 20. It should be noted that during the pressure test, hydraulic pump 13 applies hydraulic pressure to pressure pipe 14, causing hydraulic oil to be pressurized and pass through damping plate 15. Damping plate 15 reduces the flow rate of hydraulic oil, hindering its flow and thus applying a slow impact to piston plate 16. This, in turn, pushes test pressure plate 18 through test pressure column 17, subjecting the aerogel to a limited impact. During the suction process of hydraulic pump 13, damping plate 15 also hinders the flow of hydraulic oil, causing test pressure plate 18 to slowly recover the pressure on the aerogel. This process is repeated to achieve periodic load impact of test pressure plate 18 on aerogel, simulating the continuous vibration of aerogel in the battery of an electric vehicle. If hydraulic pump 13 applies continuous hydraulic pressure, test pressure plate 18 will generate continuous pressure on aerogel, serving as a control test for aerogel under high temperature and pressure. Before the test, for the aerogel sample group that needs to be tested for fire, open the valves of the gas tank 19 and oxygen tank 21 on the corresponding test pressure plate 18 so that the gas in the gas tank 19 can be introduced into the gas nozzle 20 and the oxygen in the oxygen tank 21 can be introduced into the bottom of the piston plate 16. During the periodic pressure load process, the piston plate 16 will press down and force the oxygen at the bottom of the pressure pipe 14 into the combustion nozzle 22. Then the combustion chamber at the bottom of the test pressure plate 18 will gather the gas and oxygen. Under the action of the electronic igniter 23, flames will be sprayed out from the protective cover 24 to directly burn the aerogel. The advantages mentioned above are: to simulate the use of aerogel under complex conditions of high temperature and flame after thermal runaway of a single battery cell; after all tests are completed, to check whether the aerogel in each test holder 10 has cracked or pulverized, and to record the test results under each test condition. Reference Figure 10 The testing method includes the following steps: S1. Test sample preparation: Place the same batch of aerogels for the control test into different test seats 10. Then slide the test seat 10 into the test frame 8 via the slide seat 9 and onto the heat conduction plate 7. Then heat it synchronously via the heating seat 6 so that the multiple groups of aerogels for the control test can be tested for differences under the same ambient temperature. S2, Pressure test stage: Hydraulic pump 13 applies hydraulic pressure to pressure pipe 14, so that hydraulic oil slowly pushes piston plate 16 through damping plate 15, thereby pressing test plate 18 onto aerogel. During the process of hydraulic pump 13 drawing hydraulic oil, the pressure of test plate 18 is withdrawn, realizing periodic load test on aerogel. S3, Fire test stage: During the pressure test, the piston plate 16 presses down and forces some oxygen into the combustion chamber through the combustion nozzle 22. Combined with the gas delivered by the gas nozzle 20, flames are sprayed under the action of the electronic igniter 23 to conduct a fire test on the aerogel. In use, multiple groups of aerogels to be tested are placed in the placement slot of the test seat 10. Then, the slide 9 is controlled to slide on the guide slide groove in the test frame 8, so that the test seat 10 moves to the heat conduction plate 7. After the power connector 4 and the plug-in seat 5 are powered on, the heating seat 6 is used to uniformly and stably heat the multiple groups of aerogels to be tested. The multiple groups of aerogels serve as control groups for each other, ensuring that the multiple groups of control test aerogels maintain a synchronous and stable environment in the subsequent differential tests. During the pressure test, hydraulic pump 13 applies hydraulic pressure to pressure pipe 14, causing hydraulic oil to be pressurized and pass through damping plate 15. Damping plate 15 reduces the flow rate of hydraulic oil, hindering its flow and thus applying a slow impact to piston plate 16. Test pressure column 17 then pushes test pressure plate 18 to exert a limited impact on aerogel. During the suction process of hydraulic pump 13, damping plate 15 also hinders the flow of hydraulic oil, causing test pressure plate 18 to slowly recover the pressure on aerogel. This process is repeated to achieve periodic load impact on aerogel by test pressure plate 18, simulating the continuous vibration of aerogel in the battery of electric vehicle. If hydraulic pump 13 applies continuous hydraulic pressure, test pressure plate 18 will generate continuous pressure on aerogel, serving as a control test for aerogel under high temperature and pressure. Before the test, for the aerogel sample group that needs to be subjected to the fire test, open the valves of the gas tank 19 and oxygen tank 21 on the corresponding test plate 18, so that the gas in the gas tank 19 can be introduced into the gas nozzle 20, and the oxygen in the oxygen tank 21 can be introduced into the bottom of the piston plate 16. During the periodic pressure load process, the piston plate 16 will press down and force the oxygen at the bottom of the pressure pipe 14 into the combustion nozzle 22. The combustion chamber at the bottom of the test plate 18 will gather the gas and oxygen. Under the action of the electronic igniter 23, flames will be sprayed out from the protective cover 24, directly burning the aerogel. This simulates the use state of the aerogel under the complex working conditions of high temperature and flame after the thermal runaway of the battery cell. After all the tests are completed, check whether the aerogel in each test seat 10 has cracked or pulverized, and record the test results under each test condition.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerogel thermal stability testing system, comprising a test platform (1) and a control base (2), characterized in that, The test bench (1) has a heat-insulating groove at the top for testing the thermal stability of aerogel. A heating seat (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat-insulating groove. A test frame (8) is connected to the top of the heating seat (6) through a heat-conducting plate (7). A test seat (10) is connected to the inner wall of the test frame (8) through a guide component. The test bench (1) is fixedly connected to a hydraulic push rod (11) via a fixed plate. The output end of the hydraulic push rod (11) is connected to multiple hydraulic pumps (13) via a flat seat (12). The output end of the hydraulic pumps (13) is connected to a test pressure column (17) via a damping assembly. The bottom end of the test pressure column (17) is fixed with a test pressure plate (18). The test pressure plate (18) is equipped with a fire-burning assembly for testing the aerogel under flame impact at high temperature.

2. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the test bench (1) is fixedly connected to multiple support seats (3), and the control seat (2) is fixedly installed on the inclined side wall of the test bench (1).

3. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the heat preservation tank of the test bench (1) is provided with a power connector (4), and the side wall of the heating seat (6) is fixedly connected with a plug-in socket (5) that is compatible with the power connector (4).

4. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding assembly includes a slide (9) fixed on the four outer walls of the test seat (10). The top of the test seat (10) is provided with a placement groove for placing the aerogel to be tested. The inner wall of the test frame (8) is divided into four independent heating chambers by a cross plate. The inner wall of the heating chamber in the test frame (8) is provided with a guide groove. The inner wall of the guide groove is slidably connected to the slide (9).

5. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping assembly includes a pressure pipe (14) fixed to the output end of the hydraulic pump (13). The flat seat (12) has multiple mounting holes for fixing the pressure pipe (14). The pressure pipe (14) is filled with hydraulic oil.

6. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A damping plate (15) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure tube (14), and the inner wall of the pressure tube (14) is slidably connected to the test pressure column (17) through a piston plate (16).

7. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The combustion assembly includes a gas tank (19) fixed on a test pressure plate (18), a gas nozzle (20) fixed on the gas tank (19), an oxygen tank (21) fixed on the top of the test pressure plate (18), and the oxygen tank (21) connected to the bottom of the pressure pipe (14) through a pipe.

8. The aerogel thermal stability testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure tube (14) is connected to the combustion-supporting nozzle (22) at the bottom end. The test pressure plate (18) has two through holes for installing the gas nozzle (20) and the combustion-supporting nozzle (22). The test pressure plate (18) has a combustion chamber connected to the through holes at the bottom end. An electronic igniter (23) is fixed to the inner wall of the combustion chamber. A protective cover (24) is fixed to the inner wall of the bottom end of the combustion chamber.

9. A test method for an aerogel thermal stability testing system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Test sample preparation: Place the same batch of aerogels for the control test in different test seats (10), then slide the test seat (10) in the test frame (8) through the slide (9) onto the heat-conducting plate (7), and then heat it synchronously through the heating seat (6) so that the multiple groups of aerogels for the control test can be tested for differences under the same ambient temperature. S2, Pressure test stage: Hydraulic pressure is applied to the pressure pipe (14) by hydraulic pump (13), so that hydraulic oil is slowly pushed against piston plate (16) through damping plate (15), so that test plate (18) is pressed on aerogel. During the process of hydraulic pump (13) drawing hydraulic oil, the pressure of test plate (18) is withdrawn, so as to realize the periodic load test of aerogel. S3, Fire test stage: During the pressure test, the piston plate (16) presses down and forces some oxygen into the combustion chamber through the combustion nozzle (22). Combined with the gas delivered by the gas nozzle (20), flames are sprayed under the action of the electronic igniter (23) to conduct a fire test on the aerogel.

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