Excessive application judgment system for livestock and poultry manure based on environmental safety

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural environment monitoring, and discloses a livestock and poultry manure field returning excessive judgment system based on environmental safety, which firstly collects basic data such as farmland soil nutrients, soil structure, meteorological conditions, groundwater depth, terrain slope, crop demand and manure nutrients, and carries out spatial gridding modeling on the farmland area; on this basis, the soil nutrient carrying capacity of each grid unit, the manure nutrient input and the crop nutrient absorption capacity are evaluated, and the nutrient diffusion risk index is calculated in combination with environmental factors such as rainfall, slope and groundwater depth; further, the manure safe application threshold and the excessive index are calculated by comprehensively considering the above parameters, so as to judge whether the manure field returning exceeds the environmental safety range, and output the risk early warning and application control suggestion. The present application can realize fine monitoring and dynamic management of the livestock and poultry manure field returning process, improve the resource utilization efficiency of manure, and reduce the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural environmental monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a system for judging excessive return of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure is constantly being generated. Returning livestock and poultry manure to the fields is an important method of resource utilization. It can not only effectively reduce the discharge of livestock waste, but also provide farmland with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter, improve soil structure, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, it is widely used in agricultural production. However, in actual production, due to the lack of scientific application management and environmental risk assessment methods, the problem of excessive application of livestock and poultry manure to the fields is quite common. When the amount of manure applied exceeds the soil's carrying capacity or the crop's absorption capacity, excess nutrients can easily enter rivers, lakes, and groundwater systems through surface runoff or soil leaching, thereby causing environmental problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution, groundwater eutrophication, and soil nutrient imbalance.

[0003] In existing technologies, the control of manure return to the field is usually based on estimations of crop nutrient requirements or empirical fertilization standards. Some methods determine suitability for fertilization simply by detecting soil nitrogen and phosphorus content and comparing it with fixed thresholds. However, these methods often overlook the influence of various environmental factors within the farmland area, such as spatial differences in soil conditions, variations in rainfall, topographic slope, and groundwater depth, making it difficult to accurately reflect actual environmental risks. Furthermore, existing methods typically lack a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between manure nutrient input, soil residual carrying capacity, and crop uptake capacity, and also lack dynamic assessments of nutrient migration and diffusion risks, making it difficult to achieve refined management of the manure return process.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technology for judging excessive livestock and poultry manure application that can comprehensively consider soil conditions, crop needs, and environmental factors. By conducting spatial analysis of farmland areas and constructing a systematic risk assessment model, the amount of manure applied can be dynamically calculated and judged, thereby reducing the risk of nutrient loss and environmental pollution while ensuring agricultural production efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, we urgently need to design an environmentally safe system for judging excessive return of livestock and poultry manure to the field to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section and to provide an environmentally safe system for judging excessive livestock and poultry manure return to the field.

[0007] The above-mentioned objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An environmentally safe system for judging excessive livestock and poultry manure return to fields includes: The system includes a data acquisition module, a spatial grid modeling module, a soil carrying capacity assessment module, a manure input calculation module, a crop absorption capacity assessment module, an environmental risk assessment module, a pollution migration prediction module, and an excess judgment module. The data acquisition module is used to collect environmental and agricultural basic data of the farmland area to be evaluated and to establish an agricultural environment database; The spatial grid modeling module is used to divide farmland areas into spatial grids based on the agricultural environment database, forming multiple farmland grid units, and establishing a corresponding set of environmental parameters for each farmland grid unit. The soil carrying capacity assessment module is used to assess the soil nutrient carrying capacity based on the set of environmental parameters of each farmland grid unit, so as to determine the remaining nutrient capacity that the soil can accommodate under the current environmental conditions. The manure input calculation module is used to calculate the effective nutrient input into the soil system after manure application based on the manure application amount and manure nutrient data. The crop absorption capacity assessment module is used to assess the crop's nutrient absorption capacity throughout its entire growth cycle based on crop growth requirement data. The environmental risk assessment module is used to assess the risk of nutrient migration and diffusion based on meteorological data, topographic data, and groundwater environmental data, and obtain an environmental diffusion risk index. The pollution migration prediction module is used to predict the pollution risk of manure nutrients migrating to groundwater or surface water bodies based on the effective nutrient input of manure and the environmental diffusion risk index. The excess judgment module is used to calculate the manure excess index based on the effective nutrient input of manure, the safe application threshold, and the pollution risk prediction results, and to determine whether the manure return to the field exceeds the environmental safety threshold based on the manure excess index and output early warning information.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil nutrient data collected by the data acquisition module includes at least soil organic matter content, total soil nitrogen content, available soil phosphorus content, soil moisture content, and soil bulk density.

[0009] Furthermore, the meteorological data collected by the data acquisition module includes at least rainfall, temperature, and evaporation, with rainfall used to assess the potential risk of nutrient migration to surface water bodies.

[0010] Furthermore, the spatial grid modeling module divides the farmland area into multiple farmland grid units according to a preset grid size, and establishes an independent set of environmental parameters for each grid unit to achieve spatially differentiated assessment of the risk of manure returning to the farmland.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil carrying capacity assessment module calculates and assesses the remaining soil nutrient carrying capacity by comparing the difference between the current soil nutrient content and the upper limit of safe soil nutrient content, and by combining the soil tillage layer thickness and soil bulk density.

[0012] Furthermore, the manure input calculation module calculates the effective nutrient input that can be absorbed and utilized by the soil system after manure application based on the amount of manure applied, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient content in the manure, and the nutrient mineralization utilization coefficient.

[0013] Furthermore, the crop absorption capacity assessment module calculates the total amount of nutrients that the crop can absorb and utilize throughout its entire growth cycle, based on the crop type, target crop yield, and nutrient requirements per unit yield.

[0014] Furthermore, the environmental risk assessment module constructs an environmental risk assessment model to comprehensively evaluate factors such as rainfall, topographic slope, and groundwater depth in order to determine the degree of risk of nutrient migration to groundwater or surface water bodies.

[0015] Furthermore, the pollution migration prediction module establishes a nutrient migration prediction model to predict the migration path of nutrients in the soil after manure application and the probability of them entering groundwater or surface water bodies.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for judging excessive application of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect basic environmental and agricultural data of the farmland area to be evaluated and establish an agricultural environment database; S2. Divide the farmland area into spatial grids and establish a set of environmental parameters for each grid unit; S3. Assess the soil nutrient carrying capacity of each grid unit; S4. Calculate the effective nutrient input after manure application; S5. Assess the crop's nutrient uptake capacity throughout its entire growth cycle; S6. Calculate the environmental diffusion risk index; S7. Calculate the safe application threshold for manure in each grid cell; S8. Predict the pollution risk of manure nutrients migrating to groundwater or surface water bodies; S9. Calculate the manure excess index and determine whether manure return to the field exceeds the environmental safety threshold, and output the excess warning result.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes spatial grid modeling of farmland areas and combines multi-source information such as soil nutrient data, meteorological data, topographic data, and groundwater environmental data to comprehensively analyze farmland environmental conditions, thereby more accurately reflecting the differences in soil environment across different regions. This spatial assessment method allows for the calculation of safe manure application ranges for different grid units, transforming manure management from traditional holistic experience-based management to refined, zoned management, thus improving the scientific rigor and accuracy of manure application decisions.

[0018] 2. When determining whether excessive manure application is occurring, this invention simultaneously considers soil nutrient carrying capacity, manure nutrient input, and crop nutrient absorption capacity. By constructing a complete calculation process to comprehensively analyze these factors, it can more accurately reflect the balance between nutrient input and consumption in the farmland system. Compared to traditional methods that rely on only a single indicator, this invention can more comprehensively assess the impact of manure application on farmland nutrient cycling, improve the efficiency of manure resource utilization, and effectively avoid soil nutrient imbalance caused by excessive application.

[0019] 3. This invention incorporates an environmental diffusion risk assessment mechanism into the manure application rate evaluation process. It integrates environmental factors such as rainfall, topographic slope, and groundwater depth into a comprehensive calculation, predicting the risk of nutrient migration to surface water or groundwater, and generating over-application warnings and application control recommendations accordingly. This approach allows for the early identification of potential environmental pollution risks during agricultural production, enabling dynamic monitoring and risk warning of the livestock manure return process. This, in turn, improves agricultural production efficiency while reducing the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on the ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for judging excessive livestock and poultry manure returning to the field based on environmental safety proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field judgment system proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the following description is provided in conjunction with embodiments and appendices. Figures 1-2 The present invention will be further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Example 1: This implementation plan provides a system and method for judging excessive application of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety. The system uses spatial grid modeling of farmland areas to integrate soil environmental information, meteorological conditions, crop requirements, and manure application information into a unified calculation framework. Through a series of continuous derivations and calculations, it obtains an excessive manure application index, thereby determining whether manure application exceeds the environmental safety threshold and providing corresponding application control recommendations.

[0023] Example: Detection and early warning of excessive manure application in farmland surrounding a livestock and poultry breeding area. A contiguous farmland used for corn cultivation was selected as the evaluation object. Drainage ditches exist around the farmland, and groundwater depth varies at different locations. The system consists of three parts: a data acquisition terminal, an edge gateway, and a server. The data acquisition terminal includes soil nutrient acquisition and testing equipment, soil moisture and temperature sensors, portable soil bulk density and topsoil thickness measurement tools, a rain gauge or weather station data interface, a groundwater depth data interface (provided by monitoring wells or existing hydrological data), a terrain slope data interface (obtained from DEM or on-site measurements), and a manure detection and application recording terminal (used to input information such as manure nitrogen and phosphorus content, moisture content, application batch, and application amount). The server deploys an excessive manure detection algorithm module, and the edge gateway is responsible for data aggregation, timestamp alignment, and outlier removal.

[0024] During implementation, the S1 data acquisition process begins. The system deploys several soil sampling points in the farmland at a preset sampling density, collecting nutrient indicators such as total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter at each point, while also collecting structural parameters such as soil bulk density and topsoil thickness. Meteorological information for the evaluation period, especially rainfall data, is collected or integrated, and the rainfall is accumulated daily or hourly. Groundwater depth data is integrated to form the groundwater depth distribution for each monitoring point or region. Topographic slope information is integrated to form a slope distribution. Crop information is entered, including crop type, growth stage, target yield, and nutrient requirements per unit yield of the crop. Sampling and testing of planned livestock manure applied to the field are performed, or test reports are retrieved to obtain key indicators such as manure nitrogen and phosphorus content. The application recording terminal records the time, location, method (broadcasting / furrow application / drip irrigation, etc.), and amount of each application. All of the above data, with unified spatial and temporal identifiers, is written into the agricultural environment database as unified input for subsequent calculations.

[0025] The S2 spatial gridding modeling is then executed. The system digitizes the farmland boundaries, dividing the farmland into multiple regular grid units according to a preset spatial resolution. Each grid unit has a unique number and spatial extent. The system maps the point data collected in S1 to the grid units: soil indicators are obtained as representative values ​​at the grid scale using neighborhood averaging or interpolation; slope and groundwater depth are obtained by overlaying the grid with their spatial distribution to obtain the values ​​for the corresponding grids; rainfall is assigned a uniform value according to the evaluation period or according to local meteorological differences; manure application is allocated to each grid according to application trajectory, application machinery operation records, or manual zoning records to obtain the application amount for each grid during the evaluation period. Through this step, each grid unit forms a complete set of environmental parameters, ensuring that subsequent calculations can run independently grid by grid, thereby reflecting the reality that "different locations in the same field have different risks."

[0026] Next, the S3 soil nutrient carrying capacity assessment is performed. Within each grid cell, the system compares the current soil nutrient level with a preset upper limit for safe soil nutrient levels, calculating the remaining nutrient capacity that the soil can still hold under the current conditions. This remaining capacity is calculated by comprehensively considering factors such as topsoil thickness and soil bulk density, ensuring that the results reflect the objective law that "the larger the soil volume, the greater the absolute amount of nutrients it can hold." The system obtains the remaining carrying capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus separately, and selects the more stringent limit as the comprehensive soil carrying capacity for that grid cell, ensuring that the soil can be constrained if either nitrogen or phosphorus could pose an environmental risk.

[0027] Then, the S4 manure effective nutrient input calculation is performed. Based on the manure application rate and the nitrogen and phosphorus content detected in each grid cell, the system converts "how much manure was applied" into "how much nitrogen and phosphorus was input into the soil system." Since not all nutrients in manure are converted into available forms in the short term, the system introduces a mineralization utilization coefficient to convert the input amount, making it represent the effective nutrient input that may be absorbed and utilized by the soil or migrate during the evaluation period. Similarly, the system calculates the effective nitrogen input and effective phosphorus input separately, and takes the more unfavorable input amount as the overall effective nutrient input for that grid cell, avoiding situations where "an excessive input of one element is masked by another."

[0028] The S5 crop nutrient uptake capacity assessment is then performed. Based on crop type and target yield, and combined with the crop's nutrient requirement per unit yield, the system estimates the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus that the crop can absorb and utilize within a growth cycle for that grid. Since crop uptake capacity is significantly affected by crop type, growth stage, and yield target, this step allows the system to reflect the differences in safe application rates for the same soil sample under different crops or yield targets. The system also obtains nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity separately, and takes the more stringent one as the overall crop uptake capacity, making subsequent threshold calculations safer under the dual constraints of nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0029] Next, the S6 environmental diffusion risk assessment is performed. The system quantifies the risk based on rainfall, slope, and groundwater depth as key environmental factors: the greater the rainfall, the stronger the surface runoff and leaching, and the higher the risk of nutrients entering surface water bodies or migrating downwards; the greater the slope, the higher the risk of runoff carrying pollutants into ditches and water bodies; the shallower the groundwater depth, the easier it is for pollutants to reach groundwater, and the higher the risk. The system performs uniform scaling on the above factors and combines them according to preset weights to obtain an environmental diffusion risk index. This risk index is used to reflect the environmental sensitivity of "the same application rate is more dangerous under conditions of heavy rain, steep slopes, and shallow groundwater."

[0030] After obtaining the soil carrying capacity, crop absorption capacity, and environmental diffusion risk index, the S7 safe application threshold is calculated. The system superimposes the comprehensive soil carrying capacity and comprehensive crop absorption capacity to obtain the basic tolerable amount for that grid without considering diffusion risk; then, the basic tolerable amount is reduced by combining the environmental diffusion risk index to obtain the safe application threshold for manure for that grid. The significance of threshold reduction is that when the environmental diffusion risk is high, even if the soil still has a certain capacity and the crop can absorb some nutrients, the upper limit of safe application should be lowered to reduce the risk of pollutant escape.

[0031] The S8 pollution migration risk prediction is then performed. Based on the environmental diffusion risk index, the system further combines the comparison between the comprehensive effective nutrient input and the safe application threshold to predict the probability of nutrient migration and entry into groundwater or surface water bodies. This step can be implemented using an empirical model or a probabilistic mapping model. The core principle is that when the input is close to or exceeds the safe threshold, the migration risk increases significantly; when sensitive conditions such as high rainfall, steep slopes, or shallow groundwater are simultaneously present, the risk increases even faster. The system outputs the pollution migration risk level for each grid cell for subsequent comprehensive judgment and early warning classification.

[0032] Next, the S9 excess index calculation and judgment are performed. The system compares the comprehensive effective nutrient input with the safe application threshold to obtain an excess index reflecting whether the "safe upper limit" has been exceeded. The system then uses pollution migration risk prediction results to adjust the excess index for risk, ensuring that the final index simultaneously reflects both the "degree of excess" and "environmental sensitivity." Based on the final excess index, the system determines whether an application is excessive: if the index does not exceed the preset safety limit, it is considered safe application; if the index exceeds the preset safety limit, it is considered excessive application and an early warning is triggered. For ease of management, the system can also classify early warnings into multiple levels, such as a slight excess prompting a reduction in dosage or application in stages, a moderate excess prompting an immediate adjustment of the application plan and avoidance of rainfall windows, and a severe excess prompting a halt to application and the implementation of measures such as runoff interception, ditch protection, or buffer zone management.

[0033] Finally, the system outputs early warning results and application recommendations. It outputs the judgment results, risk level, contribution of major risk factors (e.g., indicating that the grid is mainly affected by slope or shallow groundwater), and recommended control measures on a grid-by-grid basis. For grids judged as having excessive application, the system outputs the recommended maximum application amount or recommended reduction ratio for that grid, guiding the applicant to control manure application within the safe application threshold. For grids judged as not exceeding the limit but with a high risk of environmental spread, the system can output a "use with caution" prompt, such as recommending application during periods without heavy rainfall forecasts, or using furrow application or mulching to reduce runoff risk. The system can also generate a farmland risk distribution map, visualizing the excess index and risk level of each grid, facilitating agricultural management departments or application units to quickly identify high-risk areas and implement differentiated management.

[0034] Example 2: In this embodiment, basic environmental data of the farmland area to be evaluated is first collected, and an agricultural environmental database is established. The collected data includes soil nutrient data, soil structure data, meteorological data, groundwater environmental data, topographic data, crop requirement data, and manure nutrient data. Among them, the soil nutrient data includes at least the total nitrogen content of the soil. (mg / kg) and available phosphorus content in soil (mg / kg); Soil structure data includes soil bulk density. (kg / m3) and topsoil thickness (m); meteorological data includes cumulative rainfall during the evaluation period. (mm); Topographic data includes terrain slope. Groundwater environmental data includes groundwater depth. (m); Crop demand data includes target yield. (t / ha), nitrogen requirement coefficient per unit output (kg / t) and phosphorus requirement per unit output (kg / t); Manure nutrient data includes the actual mass of manure applied in the grid unit. (t), nitrogen content in manure (kg / t), phosphorus content in manure (kg / t), nitrogen mineralization utilization coefficient (0-1) and phosphate mineralization utilization coefficient (0-1). All of the above data are bound to spatial coordinates and are used for subsequent grid scale calculations.

[0035] After obtaining the above basic data, the farmland area is spatially gridded. The grid side length is set to... (m) divides the farmland area into multiple regular grid units. Grid area Calculate using the following formula: ; in, The area of ​​the grid cell (m2) The grid side length (m) is obtained through this step. This is used to convert the actual application rate and soil quality within the grid into a unified unit area index, thereby ensuring the comparability of calculation results between different grids.

[0036] Then, the topsoil mass of the grid cell is calculated. First, the topsoil mass within the grid cell is calculated: ; in, The topsoil mass (kg) of the grid unit is given. Soil bulk density (kg / m3) The thickness of the topsoil layer (m) for To standardize the data into a unit area index, the above soil quality data is converted to soil quality per hectare: ; in, The topsoil mass is expressed as per hectare (kg / ha). This is the conversion factor for hectares (m2 / ha).

[0037] After obtaining the soil mass per unit area, the remaining nutrient carrying capacity of the soil is further calculated. First, the remaining carrying capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus is calculated separately: ; in, The remaining nitrogen carrying capacity of the grid cell (kg / ha) The upper limit of soil nitrogen safety (mg / kg) The current soil nitrogen content (mg / kg) Soil mass per unit area (kg / ha) This is the conversion factor between mg / kg and kg / kg.

[0038] Similarly, calculate the remaining phosphorus carrying capacity: ; in, The remaining phosphorus carrying capacity of the grid cell (kg / ha) The upper limit of safe phosphorus in soil (mg / kg) This represents the current available phosphorus content in the soil (mg / kg).

[0039] Considering the need to meet both nitrogen and phosphorus constraints for environmental safety, the smaller of the two values ​​is taken as the comprehensive soil carrying capacity: ; in, The total remaining soil carrying capacity (kg / ha) is considered.

[0040] Then, the effective nutrient input resulting from manure application is calculated. First, the actual application amount per grid cell is calculated. (t) converted to application rate per unit area: ; in, The amount of manure applied per grid unit (t / ha) The actual mass (t) of manure applied within the grid cell. For grid surface .

[0041] The effective inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were then calculated separately: ; in, The effective nitrogen input from manure (kg / ha) The nitrogen content of manure (kg / t) The nitrogen mineralization utilization coefficient is (O-1).

[0042] ; in, The effective phosphorus input from manure (kg / ha) Phosphorus content in manure (kg / t) The phosphorus mineralization utilization coefficient is (0-1). Since environmental safety control must meet the dual constraints of nitrogen and phosphorus, the larger value is taken as the comprehensive input. ; in, The total effective nutrient input (kg / ha).

[0043] After obtaining the input data, the crop's nutrient absorption capacity is further calculated.

[0044] Crop absorption capacity is determined by the target yield and nutrient requirements per unit yield: ; in, Crop nitrogen uptake capacity (kg / ha) For the target crop yield (t / ha), Nitrogen requirement coefficient per unit output (kg / t).

[0045] ; in, Phosphorus uptake capacity of crops (kg / ha) The phosphorus requirement per unit yield (kg / t) is used. The smaller of the two values ​​is taken based on the crop's overall absorption capacity. ; in, The comprehensive crop nutrient absorption capacity (kg / ha).

[0046] Subsequently, the environmental conditions were quantified for risk. First, the risk factors corresponding to rainfall, slope, and groundwater depth were calculated separately: ; in, As a rainfall risk factor, The evaluation period rainfall (mm) This is the baseline value for rainfall (mm).

[0047] ; in, For slope risk factors, This is the slope value. This is the baseline value for slope.

[0048] ; in, As a groundwater risk factor, The depth of groundwater (m) The groundwater reference depth (m) It is a very small positive number.

[0049] The environmental diffusion risk index is obtained by combining three types of environmental factors: ; in, The environmental diffusion risk index is 0-1. The weighting coefficients are satisfied. .

[0050] After obtaining soil carrying capacity, crop uptake capacity, and environmental risk index, the safe application threshold is calculated: ; in, Based on the amount of nutrients that can be tolerated (kg / ha).

[0051] ; in, The safe application threshold for manure (kg / ha).

[0052] Finally, calculate the excessive manure return index: ; in, This is the index of excessive manure.

[0053] when This indicates that the application of manure is within an environmentally safe range; when This indicates that the application of manure has exceeded the environmental safety threshold, requiring application control. The system can also calculate the recommended maximum application rate. ; in, Recommend the maximum application rate (t / ha) for each grid cell.

[0054] Through the above continuous derivation and calculation, starting from basic environmental data, soil carrying capacity, manure input, crop absorption capacity, and environmental diffusion risk are gradually obtained, and finally, the manure excess index is calculated. The system outputs a judgment result on whether the amount is excessive and a suggested application amount based on the index, thereby achieving environmental safety control of the process of returning livestock and poultry manure to the field.

[0055] Example 3: In this example, corresponding to the implementation of the above method steps, an environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return to the field excessive judgment system is constructed. The system is used to monitor the manure application process in farmland in real time or periodically, and to judge whether the manure return to the field exceeds the environmental safety threshold through data processing and model calculation, thereby providing decision support for agricultural production management.

[0056] The system in this embodiment mainly consists of a data acquisition module, a spatial grid modeling module, a soil carrying capacity assessment module, a manure input calculation module, a crop absorption capacity assessment module, an environmental risk assessment module, a pollution migration prediction module, and an excess judgment module. The modules interact with each other through data interfaces and are uniformly scheduled by a central processing unit.

[0057] In practical deployment, the data acquisition module is placed within farmland areas or accessed through existing agricultural information systems. This module is used to collect farmland environmental data and manure nutrient data. Specifically, the data acquisition module may include a soil nutrient testing device, a soil moisture sensor, a rain gauge or weather station interface, a groundwater monitoring well interface, a topographic data interface, and a manure application recording terminal. The soil nutrient testing device is used to obtain indicators such as total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content in the soil; the meteorological data interface is used to receive meteorological information such as rainfall; the groundwater monitoring interface is used to obtain groundwater depth data; and the manure application recording terminal is used to record information such as the location, amount, and time of manure application. The data acquisition module transmits the collected data to the system database and stores it according to geographic coordinates for subsequent spatial calculations.

[0058] The spatial gridding modeling module is used to spatially divide farmland according to its boundaries. After receiving farmland boundary data, the system divides the entire farmland area into multiple grid cells according to a preset grid size, with each grid cell corresponding to a spatial computing unit. This module also maps various environmental data acquired by the data acquisition module to the corresponding grid cells. For example, it converts soil sampling point data into grid-scale data through spatial interpolation, and spatially matches meteorological data, groundwater depth data, and slope data with the grid cells, thereby establishing a complete set of environmental parameters for each grid cell.

[0059] The soil carrying capacity assessment module evaluates the soil's remaining nutrient carrying capacity based on parameters such as soil nutrient content, topsoil thickness, and soil bulk density within grid cells. This module first determines the current nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the soil based on soil testing results. Then, it compares these values ​​with preset safe nutrient limits to calculate the nutrient capacity that can still be accommodated under current soil conditions. This calculation indicates the amount of nutrients the soil can still accept without posing an environmental pollution risk and serves as an important basis for subsequent calculations of safe application thresholds.

[0060] The manure input calculation module is used to calculate the effective nutrient input into the soil system after manure application. This module calculates the nutrient input from manure application based on the application amount recorded by the manure application record terminal and the nitrogen and phosphorus content information obtained from manure testing. Simultaneously, the module also corrects the input amount using the nutrient mineralization utilization coefficient to ensure it reflects the actual amount converted into effective nutrients within a certain time period. The calculated nutrient input amount is then compared with a safe application threshold to determine if there is a risk of over-application.

[0061] The crop uptake capacity assessment module evaluates the amount of nutrients a crop can absorb and utilize over a growth cycle. Based on the type of crop grown in the field, the target yield, and nutrient requirements per unit yield, this module estimates the crop's ability to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus throughout its growth cycle. Through this module's calculations, the total amount of nutrients the crop can utilize under current growing conditions can be obtained, thus taking into account the crop's nutrient consumption in the calculation of safe application thresholds.

[0062] The environmental risk assessment module analyzes the migration and diffusion risks of nutrients in the environment. Based on environmental parameters such as rainfall, topographic slope, and groundwater depth, this module assesses the migration and diffusion trends of nutrients in the soil. For example, in areas with high rainfall or steep slopes, nutrients are more likely to enter nearby water bodies via surface runoff; in areas with shallow groundwater depths, nutrients are more likely to enter the groundwater system through leaching. The environmental risk assessment module comprehensively analyzes these factors to obtain an environmental diffusion risk index, which is then provided to subsequent modules.

[0063] The pollution migration prediction module is used to predict the probability of nutrients entering groundwater or surface water bodies based on environmental diffusion risk assessment. This module comprehensively considers the amount of manure nutrient input, the remaining carrying capacity of the soil, and the environmental diffusion risk index. Through the pollution migration prediction model, it assesses the nutrient migration pathways and their probability of entering water bodies, thereby obtaining the pollution migration risk level.

[0064] The over-fertilization assessment module is used to make the final judgment on whether the application of manure to the field is excessive. This module integrates the effective nutrient input of the manure, the safe application threshold, and the pollution migration risk prediction results to calculate the manure over-fertilization index and make a judgment based on a preset threshold. When the over-fertilization index is less than or equal to the safe threshold, the system determines that the current manure application is within the safe range; when the over-fertilization index is greater than the safe threshold, the system determines that the manure application is excessive and automatically generates an early warning message. The early warning message may include the grid cell location, risk level, main risk factors, and recommended application control measures.

[0065] In actual operation, the above modules work collaboratively in a predetermined order. The data acquisition module continuously acquires farmland environmental information and updates the database; the spatial grid modeling module spatially organizes the data; subsequently, each calculation module sequentially completes soil carrying capacity assessment, manure input calculation, crop absorption capacity assessment, and environmental risk assessment; finally, the over-application judgment module outputs the judgment result of whether manure application is excessive and sends control suggestions to agricultural managers or application equipment. Through this system, dynamic monitoring and risk warning of the livestock and poultry manure return process can be achieved, thereby effectively reducing the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution while ensuring agricultural production efficiency.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for judging excessive application of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety, characterized in that, include: The system includes a data acquisition module, a spatial grid modeling module, a soil carrying capacity assessment module, a manure input calculation module, a crop absorption capacity assessment module, an environmental risk assessment module, a pollution migration prediction module, and an excess judgment module. The data acquisition module is used to collect environmental and agricultural basic data of the farmland area to be evaluated and to establish an agricultural environment database. The spatial grid modeling module is used to divide farmland areas into spatial grids based on the agricultural environment database, forming multiple farmland grid units, and establishing a corresponding set of environmental parameters for each farmland grid unit. The soil carrying capacity assessment module is used to assess the soil nutrient carrying capacity based on the set of environmental parameters of each farmland grid unit, so as to determine the remaining nutrient capacity that the soil can accommodate under the current environmental conditions. The manure input calculation module is used to calculate the effective nutrient input into the soil system after manure application based on the manure application amount and manure nutrient data. The crop absorption capacity assessment module is used to assess the crop's nutrient absorption capacity throughout its entire growth cycle based on crop growth requirement data. The environmental risk assessment module is used to assess the risk of nutrient migration and diffusion based on meteorological data, topographic data, and groundwater environmental data, and obtain an environmental diffusion risk index. The pollution migration prediction module is used to predict the pollution risk of manure nutrients migrating to groundwater or surface water bodies based on the effective nutrient input of manure and the environmental diffusion risk index. The excess judgment module is used to calculate the manure excess index based on the effective nutrient input of manure, the safe application threshold, and the pollution risk prediction results, and to determine whether the manure return to the field exceeds the environmental safety threshold based on the manure excess index and output early warning information.

2. The system for judging excessive return of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil nutrient data collected by the data acquisition module includes at least soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, soil moisture content, and soil bulk density.

3. The environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field excessive judgment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meteorological data collected by the data acquisition module includes at least rainfall, temperature, and evaporation, with rainfall used to assess the potential risk of nutrient migration to surface water bodies.

4. The environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field excessive judgment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial grid modeling module divides farmland areas into multiple farmland grid units according to preset grid sizes and establishes an independent set of environmental parameters for each grid unit to achieve spatially differentiated assessment of the risk of manure return to farmland areas.

5. The system for judging excessive return of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil carrying capacity assessment module calculates and assesses the remaining nutrient carrying capacity of the soil by comparing the difference between the current soil nutrient content and the upper limit of safe soil nutrient content, and by combining the soil tillage layer thickness and soil bulk density.

6. The environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field excessive judgment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manure input calculation module calculates the effective nutrient input that can be absorbed and utilized by the soil system after manure application based on the amount of manure applied, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient content in the manure, and the nutrient mineralization utilization coefficient.

7. The environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field excessive judgment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crop absorption capacity assessment module calculates the total amount of nutrients that the crop can absorb and utilize throughout its entire growth cycle, based on the crop type, target crop yield, and nutrient requirements per unit yield.

8. The system for judging excessive return of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental risk assessment module constructs an environmental risk assessment model to comprehensively evaluate factors such as rainfall, topographic slope, and groundwater depth in order to determine the degree of risk of nutrient migration to groundwater or surface water bodies.

9. The environmentally safe livestock and poultry manure return-to-field excessive judgment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollution migration prediction module predicts the migration path of nutrients in the soil after the application of manure and the probability of them entering groundwater or surface water by establishing a nutrient migration prediction model.

10. A method for judging excessive application of livestock and poultry manure to the field based on environmental safety, characterized in that, Performed by the system according to any one of claims 1-9, the steps include: S1. Collect basic environmental and agricultural data of the farmland area to be evaluated and establish an agricultural environment database; S2. Divide the farmland area into spatial grids and establish a set of environmental parameters for each grid unit; S3. Assess the soil nutrient carrying capacity of each grid unit; S4. Calculate the effective nutrient input after manure application; S5. Assess the crop's nutrient uptake capacity throughout its entire growth cycle; S6. Calculate the environmental diffusion risk index; S7. Calculate the safe application threshold for manure in each grid cell; S8. Predict the pollution risk of manure nutrients migrating to groundwater or surface water bodies; S9. Calculate the manure excess index and determine whether manure return to the field exceeds the environmental safety threshold, and output the excess warning result.

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