Sheet metal production metal material laser cutting device and process

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a metal material laser cutting device and process for sheet metal production, comprising a processing bed, a moving device and a laser device, the laser device is installed above the processing bed through the moving device, further comprising a laser modulation mechanism installed below the laser head of the laser device, the laser modulation mechanism comprises a mounting ring, a suspended flow guide ring, an inertial pendulum ring and a universal connecting rod. The present application can produce pre-compensation in advance when the cutting head turns through the linkage of the inertial pendulum ring and the suspended flow guide ring, and automatically returns to the normal position through the pressure difference of the flow field formed by the water column deflection, so as to suppress the lateral tail of the water column. At the same time, the stable spiral flow field formed by the spiral turbulence sleeve around the water column can constrain its cross section, and the circumferential self-rotation of the water column is adaptively damped by the reverse inertia despinning sleeve, effectively solving the problem of precision decline caused by unstable water column during high-speed complex trajectory cutting of water jet laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, specifically to a laser cutting device and process for sheet metal production. Background Technology

[0002] Waterjet laser cutting is a composite processing technology that combines a high-energy laser beam with a high-speed water jet. It uses a high-pressure water jet to form a stable, slender water column, which serves as the laser transmission medium. The laser propagates along the inside of the water column and then acts on the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving material cutting. Because the water column can constrain and cool the laser, this technology has advantages over traditional dry laser cutting, such as a smaller heat-affected zone, narrower kerf, less edge ablation, and suitability for processing highly reflective materials. It is now gradually being applied to the fine processing of thin-walled stainless steel plates, precision sheet metal parts, and complex irregular contour parts. Waterjet laser cutting relies on the water column as the laser transmission channel, so the stability of the water column is a key prerequisite for achieving high-precision processing.

[0003] To address the stability problem of water jets, some solutions have been proposed in existing technologies. For example, authorized patent CN119175448B discloses a device for improving the stability of water jets and a water-guided laser device. The device includes a coupling head and a nozzle. The nozzle is set in the mounting hole of the coupling head and one end protrudes from the coupling head. There is an annular space gap between the front end of the nozzle and the coupling head. A ventilation channel is provided on the housing of the coupling head and communicates with the annular space gap.

[0004] This solution introduces airflow through a ventilation channel, preventing water droplets from accumulating at the nozzle tip and affecting the stability of the laser water jet, thus achieving the technical effect of improving the stability of the water column.

[0005] However, this type of solution mainly targets the problem of water droplet aggregation under static or quasi-static conditions. Its core improvement lies in the design of the airflow channel between the coupling head and the nozzle, in order to solve the problem of water droplets adhering to the nozzle and affecting the jet during the processing.

[0006] With the increasing demand for machining complex contour parts of thin-walled stainless steel plates, the cutting head needs to move at high speed along a preset trajectory and frequently switch between acceleration and deceleration directions, which places higher demands on the dynamic stability of the water column. In actual high-speed machining, the water column is a high-speed free liquid column, which lacks effective lateral dynamic constraints after being ejected from the nozzle. When the cutting head turns quickly, the front end of the water column will lag due to fluid inertia, while the rear end is still controlled by the nozzle outlet direction, resulting in the water column exhibiting a lateral tail-wagging sway.

[0007] Meanwhile, in areas with small-radius arcs, sharp corner transitions, and high-frequency broken-line paths, the direction of the cutting head movement changes continuously. After the fluid inertia inside the water column is coupled with the changes in the cutting trajectory, periodic lateral oscillations are easily generated. When the water column sways and oscillates, the laser beam is difficult to propagate stably in the central area of ​​the water column. The laser propagation axis is prone to deflection, and some lasers directly pass through the water column, resulting in energy dissipation. This leads to problems such as uneven kerf width, edge serrations, overcutting at sharp corners, and incomplete cutting in some areas, which seriously affect the cutting accuracy of complex contours and the assembly quality of thin plates.

[0008] While the aforementioned existing technologies have improved the problem of water droplet aggregation under static conditions, they lack effective means to control the lateral tailing and periodic oscillation of the water column caused by fluid inertia during high-speed dynamic cutting.

[0009] Therefore, a laser cutting device and process for sheet metal production is proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical problems to be solved In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a laser cutting device and process for sheet metal production, which can solve the problems mentioned above.

[0011] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a laser cutting device for sheet metal production, including a processing bed, a mobile device, and a laser device. The laser device is mounted above the processing bed via the mobile device. The device also includes a laser modulation mechanism mounted below the laser head of the laser device. The laser modulation mechanism includes a mounting ring, a suspension guide ring, an inertial swing ring, and a universal joint. The mounting ring is fixed to the outer surface of the laser device; The suspended flow guide ring is suspended and connected to the lower part of the mounting ring by several sets of circumferentially distributed universal connecting rods, and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle of the laser head. The inertial pendulum ring is suspended and connected to the lower part of the suspended flow guide ring through several sets of circumferentially distributed universal linkages. When the mobile device drives the laser device to turn, the inertial pendulum ring, through its inertial hysteresis effect, pulls the suspended flow guide ring through the universal linkages to produce a pre-offset in the same direction as the water flow swaying trend. The inner diameter of the suspended guide ring is larger than the diameter of the water column ejected from the nozzle. When the water column deviates, it generates a force to straighten the water column through the non-uniform gap flow field formed between its inner wall and the water column.

[0012] Furthermore, the universal joint includes connecting arms that are respectively connected to two connecting targets. The ends of the two connecting arms are provided with spherical grooves, and mounting balls are rotatably connected in the two spherical grooves. A swing arm is connected between the two mounting balls.

[0013] Furthermore, the inertial pendulum ring includes a counterweight ring coaxial with the suspension guide ring. The surface of the counterweight ring is provided with a horizontally extending crossbar. A slider is slidably connected to the crossbar by a first spring. The slider is provided with the spherical groove and is connected to the suspension guide ring by the universal joint.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a spiral flow stabilizer sleeve, which is installed on the mounting ring via an upper connecting rod and located below the suspended flow guide ring. The spiral flow stabilizer sleeve has a through hole at its center for the water column to pass through, and its inner wall has a spiral groove that guides the surrounding air to form a swirling air field around the water column.

[0015] Furthermore, the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve includes an upper flow stabilizing sleeve and a lower flow stabilizing sleeve that are coaxially arranged and spaced apart from each other. The upper flow stabilizing sleeve and the lower flow stabilizing sleeve are connected by a labyrinth buffer structure, which is used to block the propagation of circumferential pressure fluctuations between the upper and lower flow stabilizing regions.

[0016] Furthermore, the labyrinth buffer structure includes a fixing ring fixed to the lower end of the upper flow stabilizer sleeve and a mating ring fixed to the upper end of the lower flow stabilizer sleeve. The fixing ring has a labyrinth groove on its ring surface, and the mating ring has protruding teeth on its ring surface that engage with the labyrinth groove and leave a ventilation gap.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a reverse inertia deswirl sleeve, which is connected to the lower part of the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve via a lower connecting rod. The reverse inertia deswirl sleeve includes a deswirl sleeve ring, which has multiple guide grooves distributed circumferentially inside. A guide block is slidably connected to the guide groove via a second spring. A main blade is connected to the side of the guide block facing the center. The extension direction of the guide groove is offset in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the spiral groove.

[0018] Furthermore, auxiliary blades are rotatably connected to the upper and lower sides of the main blade via torsion spring shafts, and the auxiliary blades abut against the inner wall of the anti-rotation collar under the action of the torsion spring shafts.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes multiple valve plates, which are rotatably connected between the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve and the reverse inertial de-spinning sleeve via a torsion spring shaft and are evenly distributed along the circumference to form a dynamic airflow buffer between the two-stage structures.

[0020] This solution also proposes a laser cutting process for metal materials used in sheet metal production, including the following steps: S1. Fix the sheet metal workpiece onto the processing bed; S2. Start the laser equipment, high-pressure water supply system and the mobile equipment, and move the laser head to the processing starting point; S3. Turn on the high-pressure water supply and laser, and a high-speed water jet is ejected from the nozzle. The laser beam is transmitted along the center of the water jet. S4. When the mobile device drives the laser head to perform high-speed or curved motion, the inertial lag of the inertial swing ring pulls the suspended guide ring to pre-offset, and the return flow field generated by the suspended guide ring is used to suppress the lateral sway of the water column. S5. The stabilized water column is passed through the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve, and the surrounding air is guided by the spiral groove to form a swirling air field to stabilize the cross-sectional shape of the water column. S6. The water column and the surrounding airflow are passed through the reverse inertial despinning sleeve. The main blades generate reverse damping by adaptive displacement under enhanced swirl, which suppresses the circumferential spin of the water column. S7. A water column that maintains stable laser transmission acts on the surface of the workpiece, and the laser head is driven by the mobile device to move along a preset trajectory to complete the cutting.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention utilizes the inertial pendulum ring to lag behind due to its mass inertia when the laser head turns at high speed. Through the flexible connection of the universal joint, it pre-adjusts the suspended guide ring slightly in the direction in which the water column is about to deflect. When the water column actually deflects, the gap between the suspended guide ring and the water column becomes uneven. According to Bernoulli's principle, the gap on the deflected side becomes smaller, the flow velocity increases, and the static pressure decreases, thereby generating a pressure difference force pointing towards the center and correcting the water column. This invention achieves advance compensation by utilizing mechanical inertia and generates a correcting force by utilizing the fluid's own properties. This improves the dynamic stability of water jet laser cutting on complex trajectories (such as curves and sharp corners) and improves the straightness of the cut and the accuracy of the sharp corner contour. Furthermore, a spiral flow stabilizer sleeve is installed below the suspended flow guide ring. The inner wall of the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve is opened with spiral grooves. The spiral flow stabilizer sleeve consists of upper and lower flow stabilizer sleeves and a labyrinth buffer structure between them. When the high-speed water column flows through, the surrounding air is guided by the spiral grooves to form a stable swirling layer around the water column. The uniform circumferential pressure generated by this swirling layer can dynamically suppress the uneven cross-sectional thickness of the water column caused by fluid fluctuations or thermal disturbances. The labyrinth structure between the upper and lower flow stabilizer sleeves (the labyrinth grooves and convex teeth of the fixed ring and the paired ring mesh) can block the circumferential pressure fluctuations caused by the swirling flow from propagating between the upstream and downstream, preventing the accumulation of rotational tendencies. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laser cutting device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the laser modulation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the laser modulation mechanism structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laser modulation mechanism structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the fixing ring and the mating ring in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed ring and mating ring structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the valve plate structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a top-view cross-sectional schematic diagram of the reverse inertial de-rotation sleeve structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the reverse inertial de-rotation sleeve structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Machining machine; 2. Mobile equipment; 3. Laser equipment; 4. Laser modulation mechanism; 41. Mounting ring; 42. Universal joint; 421. Connecting arm; 422. Spherical groove; 423. Mounting ball; 424. Swing rod; 43. Suspension guide ring; 44. Inertial swing ring; 441. Counterweight ring; 442. Crossbar; 443. First spring; 444. Slider; 45. Upper connecting rod; 46. Spiral flow stabilizer sleeve. 461. Upper flow stabilizer sleeve; 462. Lower flow stabilizer sleeve; 463. Spiral groove; 464. Air inlet; 465. Fixing ring; 466. Pairing ring; 467. Labyrinth groove; 468. Protruding tooth; 469. Ventilation gap; 47. Lower connecting rod; 48. Reverse inertia de-rotation sleeve; 481. De-rotation sleeve ring; 482. Guide groove; 483. Second spring; 484. Guide block; 485. Main blade; 486. Auxiliary blade; 49. Valve plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0027] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0031] Example: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-10 This solution proposes a laser cutting device for sheet metal production, comprising a processing bed 1, a moving device 2, a laser device 3, and a laser modulation mechanism 4. The laser device 3 is mounted on the processing bed 1 via the moving device 2. When the moving device 2 is in operation, it can drive the laser device 3 to move along the X, Y, and Z axes above the processing bed 1, thereby achieving cutting at different positions on the surface of the processing bed 1. The laser modulation mechanism 4 is mounted on the laser device 3 and is located coaxially below the laser device 3.

[0032] Specifically, the laser modulation mechanism 4 includes a mounting ring 41 mounted on the outer surface of the laser device 3. A floating guide ring 43 is connected to the mounting ring 41 by a number of circumferentially distributed universal joints 42. The floating guide ring 43 is located below the mounting ring 41 and is coaxially distributed with the laser head and nozzle of the laser device 3.

[0033] The outer surface of the suspended flow guide ring 43 is also connected to an inertial swing ring 44 by several sets of circumferentially distributed universal joints 42. Since the suspended flow guide ring 43 is suspended below the mounting ring 41 and the laser device 3 by the universal joints 42, it is a free micro-swing structure; and the inertial swing ring 44 is also suspended below the universal joints 42 by the universal joints 42, and it is also a free micro-swing structure.

[0034] When the laser device 3 is working, the high-pressure water supply system first continuously delivers high-pressure water into the nozzle, while the laser transmission head outputs a high-energy laser beam downwards along the central axis of the nozzle. After the high-pressure water flow contracts through the nozzle, it forms a high-speed, slender water column. The laser beam enters the water column and, relying on the total internal reflection effect between the water column and the outside air, propagates downwards along the center of the water column, ultimately acting on the surface of the workpiece to be cut, thus forming a waterjet laser cutting state. Immediately after the water column exits the nozzle, it enters the region of the suspended guide ring 43. The suspended guide ring 43 is located directly below the nozzle, and its center has a hollow guide hole coaxial with the water column. The inner diameter of the guide hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the water column. Therefore, under normal conditions, the water column can pass through the center of the suspended guide ring 43 without contact. Since the suspended guide ring 43 is close to the nozzle outlet, this region belongs to the initial stable section where the water column has not yet diverged significantly, and can constrain the movement state of the water column at the earliest stage.

[0035] In the linear cutting state, the cutting head moves in a stable direction, and the water column basically maintains the central axis of propagation. At this time, the circumferential gap between the water column and the inner wall of the suspended guide ring 43 is basically the same, the peripheral flow field remains uniform, the high-speed water column can stably pass through the central area of ​​the suspended guide ring 43, and the laser beam is always located at the center of the water column.

[0036] When the cutting head enters the curved cutting, sharp corner transition or high-speed change of direction area, due to the fluid inertia of the water column itself, although the nozzle direction has changed, the front end of the water column will still maintain the original direction of movement for a short time. Therefore, the water column will exhibit a lateral tailing and swaying phenomenon. At this time, the swaying water column will gradually approach the inner wall of one side of the suspended guide ring 43, making the gap on that side significantly smaller, while the gap on the other side relatively larger.

[0037] Because the water column is in a high-speed motion state, a local constriction region will form on the side with reduced gap. According to the principle of fluid continuity, the narrower the flow channel, the higher the local flow velocity. Therefore, a high-speed flow region will form on the side near the inner wall of the suspended guide ring 43. According to Bernoulli's principle, the static pressure in the high-speed flow region decreases, thus forming a local low-pressure region on the swaying side, while the other side maintains a higher pressure. As a result, a lateral pressure difference is formed around the water column. This pressure difference will generate a centering force, pushing the water column back towards the central region of the suspended guide ring 43.

[0038] Therefore, the suspended guide ring 43 can automatically generate a centering effect by utilizing the flow field changes formed after the water column itself swings. The more obvious the water column swings, the stronger the local flow contraction, and the greater the pressure difference formed. The centering force is simultaneously enhanced, thus forming an adaptive passive stable state and realizing automatic water column swing limitation.

[0039] Simultaneously, as the water column sways, the inertial pendulum ring 44, located below the suspended guide ring 43, experiences relative lag due to inertia. Since the inertial pendulum ring 44 is suspended below the suspended guide ring 43 via multiple universal joints 42, its inertial offset is transmitted to the suspended guide ring 43 through the universal joints 42, causing the suspended guide ring 43 to undergo a synchronous change in spatial attitude.

[0040] When the cutting head suddenly rotates in a certain direction, the upper end of the nozzle will change direction first, while the inertial swing ring 44 located below will continue to maintain its original motion trend due to inertia. Therefore, the inertial swing ring 44 will lag behind the nozzle in the opposite direction. Since the universal linkage 42 is arranged at an angle, the lag offset of the inertial swing ring 44 will have a pulling effect on the suspended guide ring 43, thereby causing the suspended guide ring 43 to shift slightly in advance in the direction in which the water column is about to swing.

[0041] After the suspended guide ring 43 shifts, the local gap between the internal suspended guide ring 43 and the water column begins to change. The gap on the side where the water column deflects gradually decreases, while the gap on the other side relatively increases. Due to the formation of a local constriction region between the high-speed water column and the guide ring, the flow velocity on the side with the narrowed gap rapidly increases, forming a local low-pressure zone, while the other side maintains a relatively high-pressure state.

[0042] Under the influence of circumferential pressure difference, the water column is subjected to a lateral restoring force pointing towards the central region, thus beginning to return to the center of the suspended guide ring 43. Since the suspended guide ring 43 itself has already undergone a slight displacement in the sway direction under the inertial action of the inertial pendulum ring 44, the restoring flow field formed by the suspended guide ring 43 is not passively established only after the water column has completely shifted, but rather begins to form guiding constraints as soon as the water column shows a tendency to sway.

[0043] Therefore, the entire structure can intervene and correct the water column in the early stage of inertial sway, keeping the water column propagating near the center of the suspended guide ring 43. As the water column regains stability, the circumferential gap of the suspended guide ring 43 gradually becomes uniform, the local pressure difference weakens, and the inertial swing ring 44 gradually returns to its initial position under its own gravity and the action of the damping structure.

[0044] It should be noted that the universal joint 42 includes a connecting arm 421 for connecting targets, which refers to a mounting ring 41, a suspension guide ring 43, or an inertial swing ring 44. The other end of the connecting arm 421 is provided with a spherical groove 422, within which a mounting ball 423 is rotatably connected. A swing rod 424 is connected to the surface of the mounting ball 423, and the other end of the swing rod 424 is connected to the mounting ball 423 rotatably connected to another set of connecting arms 421, thereby allowing the universal joint 42 to swing in any direction between the two connected targets.

[0045] The installation ring 41, the suspension guide ring 43 and the inertial swing ring 44 are connected in multiple directions by the universal linkage 42, so that while maintaining the overall coaxial constraint relationship, each structure can still make adaptive adjustments to its spatial attitude according to the water column swing state and inertial changes.

[0046] Since the universal joint 42 is connected to the mounting ball 423 by a spherical groove 422, the swing arm 424 can freely deflect in multiple directions relative to the connecting arm 421. This allows the suspended guide ring 43 to produce slight pitching, lateral swinging, and circumferential tilting movements when affected by water column flow field disturbances or inertial offset of the inertial swing ring 44, without being restricted by the direction of traditional rigid connection structures.

[0047] In this way, during the high-speed turning or complex trajectory movement of the cutting head, the inertial lag generated by the inertial swing ring 44 can be smoothly transmitted to the suspended guide ring 43 through the universal linkage 42, so that the guide ring can follow the sway trend of the water column in advance to perform dynamic position compensation, while avoiding structural jamming, uneven wear or local stress concentration caused by rigid transmission.

[0048] Furthermore, the distribution of multiple sets of universal joints 42 can also form circumferential flexible support for the suspended guide ring 43, so that the guide ring can always maintain a stable suspended state during the movement, avoiding local tilting and imbalance, thereby ensuring that the guide ring and the water column always maintain a uniform and stable guide gap, further improving the sensitivity and continuity of the dynamic stability control of the water column during the entire water jet laser cutting process.

[0049] The inertial pendulum ring 44 includes a set of counterweight rings 441 that are coaxially distributed with the suspension guide ring 43. The surface of the counterweight ring 441 is provided with several sets of horizontally distributed crossbars 442. The number of crossbars 442 is the same as the number of universal joints 42 connected to the counterweight ring 441.

[0050] Each set of crossbars 442 has a slider 444 slidably mounted on its surface via a first spring 443. The surface of the slider 444 is also provided with a spherical groove 422 for mounting a ball 423. When not affected by external force, the slider 444 will be pushed away from the center of the crossbar 442 under the elastic force of the first spring 443.

[0051] By forming an elastic follow-up connection mechanism with buffering, adaptive return and inertial compensation capabilities between the inertial swing ring 44 and the suspended guide ring 43, the inertial swing ring 44 can drive the suspended guide ring 43 to perform dynamic compensation in a flexible and gradual manner after being subjected to the inertial action generated by the high-speed change of direction of the cutting head, without generating rigid impact or excessive swing.

[0052] The counterweight ring 441 utilizes its own mass to form a stable inertial source. During rapid acceleration, deceleration, or turning of the cutting head, the counterweight ring 441 will lag and deflect relative to the nozzle's direction of motion due to inertia. The crossbar 442 serves as a radial guide structure for the slider 444, allowing the slider 444 to slide within a limited range along the crossbar 442. Since the slider 444 is connected to the universal joint 42 via the spherical groove 422, the inertial deflection of the inertial swing ring 44 is transmitted to the universal joint 42 through the slider 444, further driving the suspended guide ring 43 to produce a slight displacement in the corresponding direction.

[0053] At the same time, the first spring 443 always applies an elastic thrust to the slider 444 to retract towards the center, so that the slider 444 will not lose free control after being pulled by inertia, but will form an elastic displacement process with buffering characteristics.

[0054] Once the inertial effect weakens, the first spring 443 can push the slider 444 back to the center of the crossbar 442, thereby restoring the entire suspended guide ring 43 to its initial coaxial state. Therefore, this structure not only utilizes the inertia of the counterweight ring 441 to compensate for the water column's swaying tendency in advance, but also uses the slider 444 and the first spring 443 to form a flexible buffer and automatic return function, preventing the guide ring from experiencing severe oscillations or secondary swings during the compensation process. This improves the stability, sensitivity, and continuity of the guide compensation during the entire waterjet laser cutting process.

[0055] In the process of waterjet laser cutting, the water column is a high-speed, slender liquid column structure, which has obvious fluid instability characteristics under high-speed motion.

[0056] When the cutting device performs continuous curved cutting, high-speed turning, or long-distance movement, the suspended guide ring 43 will continuously perform dynamic sway limiting and directional compensation on the water column. During this process, the flow field around the water column will periodically compress and release, causing the flow velocity of the outer layer of the water column to change continuously, which in turn leads to periodic necking in the local area of ​​the water column.

[0057] Meanwhile, due to the surface tension contraction tendency of the high-speed liquid column itself, under the combined action of laser thermal disturbance, air shearing and high-speed motion, the water column is also prone to axial ripples and cross-sectional fluctuations, causing the thickness of the water column to change continuously.

[0058] Since waterjet laser cutting relies on total internal reflection within the water column to guide laser propagation, when the cross-section of the water column is unstable, the propagation path and energy distribution of the laser within the water column will also change synchronously, resulting in excessively high energy density in local areas causing ablation, or insufficient energy in local areas causing incomplete cutting.

[0059] Furthermore, during high-speed cutting of thick plates or processing of complex curves, the stability of the water column decreases in the latter part, which can easily cause continuous and discontinuous fish-scale patterns to form at the bottom of the cut, thereby affecting the flatness of the cut, the welding fit accuracy, and the quality of precision assembly.

[0060] It is worth noting that a spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46 is also mounted on the surface of the mounting ring 41 via an upper connecting rod 45. The spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46 is located below the suspended flow guide ring 43 and is coaxially distributed.

[0061] The spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46 has an overall annular short cylindrical structure with a through hole at its center for the water column to pass through. Spiral grooves 463 are evenly distributed on the inner wall surrounding the through hole. When the high-speed water column moves downwards along the central area, the air surrounding the water column is dragged by the high-speed liquid column, forming an accompanying airflow. After entering the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46, the surrounding air is guided by the spiral grooves 463 and begins to move circumferentially along the direction of the spiral grooves 463.

[0062] Because of the continuous spiral distribution of the spiral grooves 463, the surrounding air, while flowing axially downwards, gradually forms an annular airflow rotating around the water column. As the air continues to rotate, a stable circumferential swirling layer gradually forms around the water column, creating a uniform coverage around its outer perimeter. As the surrounding air begins to move at high speed in the circumferential direction, a continuous circumferential pressure constraint is formed on the outer surface of the water column. Under centrifugal force, the swirling airflow continuously applies a uniform compressive force to the surface of the water column, keeping it in a dynamic, enveloping state.

[0063] During the propagation of the water column, if a slight bulge occurs in a local area due to fluid fluctuations, that area will be closer to the outer high-speed swirling layer. Since the swirling airflow has a higher velocity at that location, it will generate stronger local air shear force and compression, thereby suppressing the bulging area and causing it to contract back towards the center.

[0064] When a certain area experiences localized narrowing, the peripheral swirling effect weakens, thus preventing further necking. Consequently, the entire swirling air field automatically and dynamically balances the water column's cross-section, gradually making the water column's thickness more uniform. As the water column continues to propagate downwards, the peripheral swirling airflow forms a dynamic air constraint layer around the water column, enabling it to maintain a relatively stable columnar structure.

[0065] At the same time, since the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46 does not directly contact the water column, it will not disrupt the continuity of the water column, nor will it cause the water column to break or the laser to scatter.

[0066] The entire structure effectively regulates the stability of the water column by mechanically guiding the surrounding air, indirectly altering the external flow field. During continuous cutting, the surrounding swirling air also weakens the direct impact of turbulent airflow on the water column. When water mist, steam, or local pressure fluctuations exist in the cutting area, the outer swirling layer forms a relatively stable airflow barrier, making it difficult for external disturbances to directly affect the surface of the water column, thereby further improving the propagation stability of the water column.

[0067] More specifically, the spiral flow stabilizer 46 consists of an upper flow stabilizer 461 and a lower flow stabilizer 462. The upper flow stabilizer 461 is connected below the upper connecting rod 45, and the lower flow stabilizer 462 is connected below the upper flow stabilizer 461. Both the upper flow stabilizer 461 and the lower flow stabilizer 462 have spiral grooves 463 on their inner walls, and air inlets 464 extending into the spiral grooves 463 are provided on their surfaces.

[0068] When the waterjet laser cutting device is working, high-pressure water is ejected through the nozzle to form a high-speed, slender water column. The laser beam simultaneously enters the interior of the water column and propagates downwards along the central region. After passing through the suspended guide ring 43 structure, the water column enters the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve 46. Inside the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve 46, the surrounding air forms a circumferential airflow rotating around the water column under the action of the spiral groove 463, thereby forming a stable vortex layer on the outer periphery of the water column to maintain the stability of the water column cross-section.

[0069] To further suppress the propagation of pressure fluctuations in the axial direction of the swirling flow and to prevent rotational coupling between the upper and lower flow stabilization regions, an axially separated ventilation gap 469 is provided in the middle of the spiral flow stabilization sleeve 46, dividing the entire spiral flow stabilization sleeve 46 into two parts: an upper flow stabilization sleeve 461 and a lower flow stabilization sleeve 462. The upper flow stabilization sleeve 461 and the lower flow stabilization sleeve 462 are not directly attached, but form an annular gap between them. Inside this gap, an inner and outer double-ring labyrinth buffer structure is provided, that is, a fixing ring 465 and a mating ring 466 connect the upper flow stabilization sleeve 461 and the lower flow stabilization sleeve 462.

[0070] The fixed ring 465 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper flow stabilizer 461. Its annular surface is uniformly machined with continuous labyrinth grooves 467 along the circumference. The labyrinth grooves 467 have a multi-level concave structure to form a continuous tortuous flow channel. The mating ring 466 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower flow stabilizer 462. Its annular surface is provided with annular protrusions 468 corresponding to the labyrinth grooves 467. The labyrinth grooves 467 and the protrusions 468 are engaged to maintain a small gap, forming a ventilation gap 469.

[0071] Under normal and stable operating conditions, the external swirling air pressure formed inside the upper flow stabilizer 461 and the lower flow stabilizer 462 remains basically balanced, and the airflow flows steadily downward along the periphery of the water column. At this time, there is only a weak airflow exchange between the upper and lower flow stabilizer regions, and the airflow can slowly transition through the tiny ventilation gaps 469 in the labyrinth structure.

[0072] Since the labyrinth groove 467 and the tooth 468 form a multi-level tortuous channel, the airflow will undergo multiple turns and local throttling during the passage. Therefore, even if there is a slight pressure difference, the airflow velocity will be significantly weakened, thus keeping the upper and lower steady flow regions in a relatively independent and stable state.

[0073] When the water column begins to exhibit a circumferential rotational tendency under long-term swirling action, uneven circumferential pressure gradually appears in the surrounding swirling air field. As the swirling velocity increases in a certain area, the kinetic pressure of the surrounding air in that area also increases synchronously, thus a local pressure difference begins to form between the upper stabilizing sleeve 461 and the lower stabilizing sleeve 462. The airflow in the high-pressure area will attempt to leak into the low-pressure area along the gap.

[0074] At this point, the leaking airflow enters the labyrinthine channel formed between the fixed ring 465 and the mating ring 466. Because the labyrinth grooves 467 and the protruding teeth 468 are alternately distributed, the airflow cannot pass directly along a straight path, but must instead undergo compression, expansion, and repeated turning within multiple narrow gaps. Each time the airflow passes through a labyrinth groove region, it experiences energy loss due to local throttling, and its flow direction constantly changes, causing its circumferential kinetic energy to be gradually consumed.

[0075] As the airflow continues to attenuate within the labyrinthine structure, the circumferential pressure fluctuations originally formed by the swirling flow cannot propagate rapidly to the other stable flow region. Therefore, the rotational tendency is confined to a local area and cannot continue to diffuse throughout the entire stable flow system. This effectively blocks the axial transmission of the swirling angular momentum, thereby reducing the rotational coupling between the upper and lower stable flow regions and preventing the gradual accumulation and enhancement of the water column's circumferential spin.

[0076] Meanwhile, because the labyrinth structure itself is a non-contact annular barrier structure, the water mist, metal particles, and impurity airflow generated during high-speed cutting are continuously blocked and slowed down by the labyrinth channels as they diffuse axially. Larger water mist particles tend to adhere to the inside of the labyrinth groove after undergoing multiple deflections, making it difficult for them to continue entering the lower stable flow area. This reduces the accumulation of contaminants inside the lower stable flow sleeve 462, ensuring that the downstream swirling area maintains a stable flow field state over a long period.

[0077] The entire structure requires no electronic detection, active drive, or external control during operation. Instead, it uses the pressure changes generated by the swirling flow itself to drive the airflow to passively dissipate energy within the labyrinth structure. The circumferential pressure fluctuation energy is then continuously consumed through the multi-stage throttling and turning effects of the labyrinth channels, thus forming an axial swirl isolation and pressure buffering mechanism that is entirely achieved through mechanical flow channels.

[0078] Therefore, this structure can not only maintain the swirling flow stabilization effect, but also effectively suppress the propagation of circumferential pressure fluctuations between the upper and lower stabilization regions, reduce the accumulation of water column rotation tendency, and reduce the entry of water mist and impurities into the downstream stabilization region, thereby further improving the stability of the entire waterjet laser cutting system under high-speed and complex processing conditions.

[0079] Of particular note is that when the surrounding airflow maintains a fixed direction of rotation for an extended period, it gradually exerts a continuous shearing effect on the surface of the water column, causing a weak angular momentum to accumulate inside the column. Simultaneously, the laser propagation within the water column generates localized thermal disturbances, leading to uneven evaporation rates across different circumferential regions. This results in increased flow velocity in some areas and decreased flow velocity in others, ultimately creating a continuous circumferential torque. Under the combined influence of the swirling flow and thermal disturbances, the water column gradually develops a circumferential spin tendency, resulting in a continuously intensifying rotational propagation state.

[0080] As the rotation continues to accumulate, the propagation path of the laser inside the water column begins to shift circumferentially, causing the laser focus to lose its stable directness and instead rotate and drift inside the cut. This results in problems such as wavy textures, local widening, and bottom deflection at the cut edge.

[0081] Meanwhile, the stability of the flow field in the rear section of the water column will gradually decrease. When the circumferential torsional vibration is further enhanced, the tail end of the water column is prone to spalling, causing some laser to escape from the inside of the water column. This ultimately leads to unstable cutting energy, unstable cutting in the rear section, and incomplete cutting in the latter half during high-speed processing of thick plates, which seriously affects the processing accuracy and cut consistency when cutting complex trajectories.

[0082] To this end, a reverse inertial despinning sleeve 48 is connected below the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve 46 via a lower connecting rod 47. The circumferential air pressure change generated when the water column rotates drives the blades to automatically change the local flow channel resistance, thereby forming an adaptive damping torque opposite to the direction of water column rotation, so as to continuously consume the angular momentum of the water column and suppress its circumferential spin.

[0083] More specifically, the reverse inertia de-rotation sleeve 48 includes a de-rotation sleeve ring 481 connected below the lower connecting rod 47. The interior of the de-rotation sleeve ring 481 is provided with several sets of guide grooves 482 that are equidistantly distributed in a circular pattern. A guide block 484 is slidably installed in the guide groove 482 through a second spring 483. A main blade 485 is connected to the side of the guide block 484 facing the central through hole.

[0084] The extension direction of the guide groove 482 is offset from the rotational flow direction of the spiral groove 463, that is, the guiding trend of the guide groove 482 is opposite to the peripheral swirling direction formed by the spiral groove 463.

[0085] During operation, the anti-swirl collar 481 is coaxially arranged around the water column, and the multiple circumferentially distributed guide grooves 482 inside it are equivalent to providing radial sliding tracks for the guide blocks 484, so that each group of guide blocks 484 can move slightly in the direction of approaching or moving away from the central through hole.

[0086] The guide block 484 is always subjected to an outward elastic force through the second spring 483. Therefore, under normal and stable conditions, the main blades 485 remain evenly distributed, and the central flow channel maintains a stable annular structure, without causing significant disturbance to the flow field around the water column. When circumferential torsional vibration begins to occur around the water column due to the accumulation of swirling flow, the rotating airflow will form a locally enhanced airflow pressure in a certain circumferential region. After the main blades 485 in this region are subjected to a greater circumferential impact force, they will push the corresponding guide block 484 to slide along the guide groove 482 and compress the second spring 483.

[0087] As the main blade 485 shifts towards the central region, the clearance of the outer flow channel at its corresponding position decreases, thereby increasing the airflow resistance in that region and causing the high-speed rotating airflow to form a throttling and decelerating effect at that position. Since the direction of this resistance is opposite to the direction of the swirl, it will generate a reverse damping torque on the swirl around the water column and gradually consume the angular momentum accumulated inside the water column.

[0088] Once the rotational tendency weakens, the second spring 483 pushes the guide block 484 and the main blade 485 back to their original positions, restoring the flow channel to a uniform state. Therefore, this structure actually utilizes the circumferential pressure change generated by the swirling flow itself to drive the main blade 485 to dynamically change the local flow field resistance. The second spring 483 then forms a flexible buffer and automatic reset, thereby achieving an adaptive deswirl process to continuously stabilize the water column propagation attitude and improve the stability of laser transmission.

[0089] Auxiliary blades 486 are rotatably connected to the upper and lower sides of the main blade 485 via torsion spring shafts. The auxiliary blades 486 will abut against the inner wall of the anti-swirl collar 481 under the elastic force of the torsion spring shaft. During operation, the main blade 485 will move slightly along the direction of the guide groove 482 under the action of circumferential swirling flow to change the local flow channel resistance. The auxiliary blades 486 set on the upper and lower sides of the main blade 485 are elastically rotatably connected to the main blade 485 via torsion spring shafts.

[0090] When not disturbed by external airflow, the auxiliary blade 486 will always open outward under the elastic force of the torsion spring shaft and continuously abut against the inner wall surface of the deswirl collar 481, so that the auxiliary blade 486 and the deswirl collar 481 form a close-fitting flow guiding state.

[0091] This allows for a continuous flow channel boundary to be formed around the main blade 485, preventing sudden separation or vortex cavities in the outer swirling flow at high speeds due to local suspension of the main blade 485, thereby improving the overall flow field stability.

[0092] When the swirling flow in a certain area intensifies and pushes the main blade 485 towards the central region, the auxiliary blade 486 will rotate synchronously under the action of the torsion spring shaft. Since the auxiliary blade 486 is always attached to the inner wall of the deswirl ring 481, even if the position of the main blade 485 changes, the auxiliary blade 486 can still automatically compensate for the gap change between the main blade 485 and the inner wall, so that the outer flow channel maintains a continuous and smooth transition. At the same time, during the rotation, the auxiliary blade 486 will provide flexible guidance for the local airflow, so that the high-speed swirling flow gradually decelerates and changes direction before entering the throttling region of the main blade 485, instead of directly impacting the main blade 485, thereby reducing the instantaneous impact load on the main blade 485 and avoiding the main blade 485 from shaking or high-frequency oscillation due to sudden changes in local pressure.

[0093] Furthermore, since the auxiliary blade 486 remains in an outwardly stretched state under the action of the torsion spring, it also provides additional buffering support for the main blade 485. When the main blade 485 rapidly deflects under the pressure of the swirling flow, the auxiliary blade 486 generates a reverse buffering force through the elasticity of the torsion spring, making the movement of the main blade 485 smoother and preventing the main blade 485 from rebounding violently during its return to its original position. As the swirling flow weakens, the main blade 485 gradually returns to its original position under the action of the second spring 483, and the auxiliary blade 486 also synchronously returns to its initial open state, thereby restoring the entire deswirl channel to a uniform and stable state.

[0094] Several sets of valve plates 49 are rotatably connected between the reverse inertial deswirl sleeve 48 and the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve 46 via a torsion spring shaft. The valve plates 49 are equidistantly distributed in a circular pattern and maintain a certain gap under the elastic force of the torsion spring shaft. Through the valve plates 49, a dynamic airflow control layer with buffer isolation, adaptive pressure relief, and flow field transition adjustment functions is formed between the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve 46 and the reverse inertial deswirl sleeve 48. This avoids direct rigid coupling between the upstream swirling flow stabilizing air field and the downstream deswirl damping air field, reducing the instantaneous transmission intensity of circumferential pressure fluctuations between the two stages.

[0095] The spiral flow stabilizer 46 will form a continuously rotating circumferential airflow around the water column, while the reverse inertial deswirl sleeve 48 needs to form reverse damping for the locally enhanced swirling flow. If the two-stage structure is completely rigidly connected, the high-frequency air pressure fluctuations formed by the front-stage swirling flow will directly impact the rear-stage deswirl structure, which can easily cause the main blade 485 to over-respond, resulting in new turbulence in the entire deswirl flow field.

[0096] Therefore, after setting several sets of valve plates 49 evenly distributed along the circumference between the two, the valve plates 49 will always maintain a certain opening gap under the action of the torsion spring shaft, thereby forming a dynamically changing annular buffer region between the two flow fields.

[0097] Under normal and stable working conditions, the peripheral swirling air pressure is relatively uniform, and each set of valve plates 49 remains basically open. The swirling gas can smoothly enter the reverse inertial deswirl sleeve 48 region through the gap between the valve plates 49. At this time, the valve plates 49 mainly play the role of flow field buffering and transition, so that the front-stage swirling gas undergoes a velocity attenuation and pressure homogenization before entering the rear-stage deswirl region, thereby avoiding the sudden entry of airflow into the deswirl region and the formation of local impact.

[0098] When the swirling pressure in a certain area suddenly increases, the high-speed airflow at the corresponding location will push the valve plate 49 in that area to deflect around the torsion spring axis, increasing the tendency of the valve plate 49 to partially close, resulting in a reduction in the flow cross-sectional area of ​​that area. Because the flow channel is compressed, the local swirling flow will form a throttling and decelerating state in front of the valve plate 49, thereby weakening the intensity of the high-pressure swirling flow continuing to propagate downstream. Meanwhile, the valve plate 49 in other areas maintains its original opening, allowing the peripheral airflow to continue passing through the low-pressure area. Therefore, the entire annular region forms a dynamically uneven pressure relief state.

[0099] As the high-pressure swirling flow gradually weakens, the valve plate 49 will automatically return to its initial open position under the elastic force of the torsion spring shaft, so that the entire flow field returns to a uniform state. This structure actually utilizes the elastic swing characteristics of the valve plate 49 to dynamically adjust the swirling air field in a zoned manner. The stronger the swirling flow, the more obvious the valve plate 49 closes in the corresponding area, and the stronger the throttling and buffering effect is. After the swirling flow weakens, the valve plate 49 automatically reopens, thus forming an adaptive flow field buffering mechanism that can be achieved without electronic control.

[0100] In addition, since several sets of valve plates 49 are evenly distributed along the circumference, the entire structure can also form a circumferential segmented isolation effect between the two-stage flow fields, making it difficult for swirling pressure fluctuations to propagate continuously along the entire circumference, further reducing swirling resonance and circumferential coupling phenomena.

[0101] Meanwhile, the valve plate 49 can also form a phased blockage of water mist and particles generated during high-speed cutting, causing some impurities to decelerate and settle in the valve plate 49 area, reducing the probability of impurities directly entering the interior of the reverse inertial despinning sleeve 48, thereby improving the long-term stability of the subsequent despinning structure.

[0102] This embodiment also proposes a laser cutting process for metal materials used in sheet metal production, including the following steps: S1: Fix the sheet metal workpiece to be cut onto the worktable of the machining bed 1. Start the system, including the laser equipment 3, the high-pressure water supply system, the moving equipment 2, and the control system. Ensure that the laser modulation mechanism 4 is correctly installed on the laser head and located directly below the nozzle.

[0103] S2: The control system imports the machining path program. The mobile device 2 drives the laser head to move above the machining starting point and adjusts the Z-axis height to accurately position the laser focus on the workpiece surface.

[0104] S3: The high-pressure water supply system is activated, and high-pressure water is ejected from the nozzle, forming a high-speed, slender, and stable water column. At the same time, the laser device 3 outputs a high-energy laser beam, which enters the water column along the central axis of the nozzle and propagates along the center of the water column due to the total internal reflection effect at the water-air interface.

[0105] S4: After the water jet is ejected, it first passes through the suspended guide ring 43. During the straight cutting phase, the water jet passes through the center, and the suspended guide ring 43 does not play a major regulating role.

[0106] When the mobile device 2 drives the cutting head to make curved, sharp-angle, or high-speed directional changes, the water column tends to sway laterally due to fluid inertia. At this time, the inertial swing ring 44, due to its own mass inertia, will lag behind the movement of the cutting head, and through the transmission of the universal joint 42, it will drive the suspended guide ring 43 to slightly deflect in the direction in which the water column is about to sway. The gap between the swaying side of the water column and the inner wall of the guide ring decreases, forming a local high-speed low-pressure zone, generating a centering pressure that forces the water column to quickly return to the center, thus achieving dynamic sway limitation.

[0107] The stabilized water column continues downward into the spiral flow stabilizer 46. Air surrounding the water column is drawn in by the high-speed water flow and guided by the spiral grooves 463 on the inner wall of the spiral flow stabilizer 46, forming a stable swirling layer surrounding the water column. The uniform circumferential pressure generated by this swirling layer constrains the water column cross-section, suppressing local bulges or necking caused by fluid fluctuations and maintaining the stability of the columnar structure. The labyrinth grooves 467 and protruding teeth 468 between the upper and lower flow stabilizers 461 and 462 block the transmission of pressure fluctuations between the upper and lower swirling regions, preventing rotational coupling.

[0108] S5: The water column and surrounding swirling flow continue downwards into the reverse inertial despinning sleeve 48. If the water column accumulates circumferential spin-torsional vibration due to long-term swirling or thermal disturbance, the enhanced rotating airflow will push the main blade 485 to compress the second spring 483 towards the center, reducing the local flow channel and generating a damping torque opposite to the rotation direction, consuming the water column's angular momentum and suppressing its spin. The auxiliary blade 486 can smooth the flow channel transition and buffer the impact. The valve plate 49, located between the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve 46 and the reverse inertial despinning sleeve 48, will dynamically open and close according to the swirling pressure to buffer and segment the airflow, preventing pressure fluctuations from directly impacting the despinning structure.

[0109] S6: After the water column has undergone the above multi-stage stabilization and regulation, it efficiently and stably transmits laser energy to the workpiece surface for melting and vaporization, thus achieving cutting. The mobile device 2 continuously drives the cutting head to move at high speed along a preset complex trajectory, such as small-radius arcs, dense sharp corners, and continuous broken lines, to complete the contour cutting of the entire sheet metal part.

[0110] S7: After the cutting path is completed, turn off the laser and high-pressure water in sequence, and the mobile device 2 returns to the initial position to remove the processed workpiece.

[0111] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for sheet metal production, comprising a processing bed (1), a moving device (2), and a laser device (3), wherein the laser device (3) is mounted above the processing bed (1) via the moving device (2), characterized in that: It also includes a laser modulation mechanism (4) installed below the laser head of the laser device (3), the laser modulation mechanism (4) including a mounting ring (41), a suspension guide ring (43), an inertial swing ring (44) and a universal joint (42). The mounting ring (41) is fixed to the outer surface of the laser device (3); The suspended guide ring (43) is suspended below the mounting ring (41) by several sets of circumferentially distributed universal connecting rods (42) and is coaxially set with the nozzle of the laser head. The inertial pendulum ring (44) is suspended and connected to the suspended guide ring (43) below by several sets of circumferentially distributed universal linkages (42). Due to its inertial hysteresis effect, when the mobile device (2) drives the laser device (3) to turn, the inertial pendulum ring (44) pulls the suspended guide ring (43) through the universal linkages (42) to generate a pre-offset in the same direction as the water flow swaying trend. The inner diameter of the suspended guide ring (43) is larger than the diameter of the water column ejected from the nozzle. It is used to generate a force to straighten the water column when the water column deviates by forming a non-uniform gap flow field between its inner wall and the water column.

2. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal joint (42) includes connecting arms (421) respectively connected to two connecting targets. The ends of the two connecting arms (421) are provided with spherical grooves (422). Mounting balls (423) are rotatably connected in the two spherical grooves (422). A swing rod (424) is connected between the two mounting balls (423).

3. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inertial pendulum ring (44) includes a counterweight ring (441) coaxial with the suspension guide ring (43). The surface of the counterweight ring (441) is provided with a horizontally extending crossbar (442). A slider (444) is slidably connected to the crossbar (442) via a first spring (443). The slider (444) is provided with the spherical groove (422) and is connected to the suspension guide ring (43) via the universal joint (42).

4. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a spiral flow stabilizer sleeve (46), which is installed on the mounting ring (41) via an upper connecting rod (45) and located below the suspended flow guide ring (43). The spiral flow stabilizer sleeve (46) has a through hole in the center for the water column to pass through, and its inner wall has a spiral groove (463) to guide the surrounding air to form a swirling air field around the water column.

5. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spiral flow stabilizer (46) includes an upper flow stabilizer (461) and a lower flow stabilizer (462) that are coaxially arranged and spaced apart from each other. The upper flow stabilizer (461) and the lower flow stabilizer (462) are connected by a labyrinth buffer structure, which is used to block the propagation of circumferential pressure fluctuations between the upper and lower flow stabilizer regions.

6. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The labyrinth buffer structure includes a fixing ring (465) fixed to the lower end of the upper flow stabilizer (461) and a mating ring (466) fixed to the upper end of the lower flow stabilizer (462). The fixing ring (465) has a labyrinth groove (467) on its annular surface, and the mating ring (466) has a tooth (468) on its annular surface that engages with the labyrinth groove (467) and leaves a ventilation gap (469).

7. The sheet metal production laser cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a reverse inertial deswirl sleeve (48), which is connected to the lower part of the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve (46) via a lower connecting rod (47). The reverse inertial deswirl sleeve (48) includes a deswirl ring (481), which has multiple guide grooves (482) distributed circumferentially inside. A guide block (484) is slidably connected to the guide groove (482) via a second spring (483). A main blade (485) is connected to the side of the guide block (484) facing the center. The extension direction of the guide groove (482) is offset from the flow direction of the spiral groove (463).

8. A laser cutting device for sheet metal production according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main blade (485) has auxiliary blades (486) rotatably connected to its upper and lower sides via torsion spring shafts. The auxiliary blades (486) abut against the inner wall of the anti-rotation collar (481) under the action of the torsion spring shafts.

9. A laser cutting device for sheet metal production according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes multiple valve plates (49), which are rotatably connected between the spiral flow stabilizing sleeve (46) and the reverse inertial de-rotating sleeve (48) via a torsion spring shaft and are evenly distributed along the circumference to form a dynamic airflow buffer between the two-stage structures.

10. A laser cutting process for metal materials used in sheet metal production, employing the laser cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: S1. Fix the metal sheet metal workpiece onto the processing bed (1); S2. Start the laser equipment (3), the high-pressure water supply system and the mobile equipment (2) and move the laser head to the processing starting point; S3. Turn on the high-pressure water supply and laser, and a high-speed water jet is ejected from the nozzle. The laser beam is transmitted along the center of the water jet. S4. When the laser head is driven by the mobile device (2) to perform high-speed or curved motion, the suspension guide ring (43) is pre-offset by the inertial lag of the inertial swing ring (44), and the return flow field generated by the suspension guide ring (43) is used to suppress the lateral swing of the water column. S5. The stabilized water column passes through the spiral flow stabilizer sleeve (46), and the surrounding air is guided through the spiral groove (463) to form a swirling air field to stabilize the cross-sectional shape of the water column; S6. The water column and the surrounding airflow pass through the reverse inertial despinning sleeve (48), and the main blade (485) generates reverse damping by adaptive displacement under enhanced swirl, thereby suppressing the circumferential spin of the water column. S7. A water column that maintains stable laser transmission acts on the surface of the workpiece, and the laser head is driven by the mobile device (2) to move along a preset trajectory to complete the cutting.

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