Power sharing multi-channel amplifier

Abstract

A multi-channel amplifier system for power supplies with specific power output ratings. The system includes first and second output channels, each containing a power amplifier, an adjustable voltage limiter, and an adjustable impedance circuit. A constraint controller with predefined partial power settings is able to adjust the voltage or impedance based on specific constraint patterns. Power distribution balance between output channels is regulated by a multi-contact switch. Real-time data of the output channels is acquired by a sensing system including temperature, current, and voltage sensors, allowing dynamic adjustments within predefined ranges. The system also integrates an input signal digital signal processor (DSP) compressor or limiter that works in conjunction with a microcontroller to limit audio signals based on specified thresholds. This innovative design enables efficient and adaptive power distribution without the need for a graphical user interface, making it ideal for various audio applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to power amplifiers, and more particularly to multi-channel amplifiers with power-sharing capabilities. Background Technology

[0002] A power amplifier is an electronic device designed to increase the amplitude of an input signal (typically voltage or current) to drive loads such as speakers, antennas, or transducers, providing higher power output. Its primary function is to amplify weak signals from audio, radio frequency (RF), or other electronic sources to a level suitable for driving speakers in audio systems or transmitting signals over long distances in communication systems. Power amplifiers are fundamental components in a wide range of applications, from home entertainment systems and public address systems to wireless communication networks and radar systems.

[0003] A power amplifier takes a low-power electrical signal as its input and generates a higher-power version of that signal at its output. This amplification process is essential in scenarios where the signal generated by the signal source (such as a microphone or antenna) is too weak to directly drive the intended load. By amplifying the power of the signal, a power amplifier ensures that the amplified signal can cover longer distances, provide clear audio reproduction, or communicate effectively with other devices. Power amplifiers are an indispensable part of the functionality of countless electronic devices, enabling them to provide powerful and high-quality audio or data transmission capabilities.

[0004] A multichannel power amplifier is a specialized electronic device capable of simultaneously amplifying multiple audio or signal channels. Unlike a single-channel amplifier that amplifies a single audio source or signal output, a multichannel power amplifier has the ability to independently process and amplify signals from / to multiple sources / outputs. Each channel in a multichannel amplifier can receive and amplify a different signal, allowing the creation of complex audio setups such as surround sound systems in home theaters, multi-zone audio systems in commercial spaces, car audio systems (in-vehicle audio), motorized vehicles (side-by-side cars, four-wheelers, motorcycles), marine audio, or complex sound reinforcement systems in concert venues. These amplifiers are designed to efficiently distribute power across various channels, ensuring consistent and high-quality amplification of each audio source.

[0005] Multichannel power amplifiers are widely used in audio and visual systems that require powering multiple speakers or audio zones simultaneously. For example, in home entertainment setups, multichannel amplifiers power speakers placed in different areas of a room to create an immersive surround sound experience. In commercial environments such as shopping malls, airports, or restaurants, multichannel amplifiers drive speakers in individual zones, allowing independent control of the audio content in each zone. Furthermore, in professional audio setups, such as concert venues or recording studios, multichannel power amplifiers are crucial for providing optimal power to different speakers and ensuring clear and powerful sound reproduction across multiple channels.

[0006] To properly configure power sharing in a multi-channel power amplifier, professionals typically need to assess the power requirements of the speakers or devices connected to each channel. This involves understanding the power handling capabilities and impedance of the speakers to ensure safe and efficient operation. Next, the professional configures the amplifier settings using a graphical user interface (GUI) or digital signal processing software to adjust the voltage and / or impedance of each channel based on the specific requirements of the connected devices. This process involves careful calibration to match the amplifier's output to the speaker's needs, preventing problems such as overload or distortion. It also requires the professional to have a solid understanding of the associated electrical principles, the setup process, and the GUI or software needed for a successful installation.

[0007] Several improvements have been made in the field of power amplifiers. Examples of references related to this invention are described in their own words below, and the supporting teachings of each reference are incorporated herein by reference: US Patent No. US9578608, granted to Shi, discloses a power sharing method and base station, wherein the method includes the following steps: determining whether to perform power sharing between different modes of communication systems based on the power requirements of at least one mode of communication systems sharing the same power amplifier; and if it is determined that power sharing should be performed between different modes of communication systems, adjusting the available power of one or more of the modes of communication systems. According to embodiments of this disclosure, when power sharing is determined to be performed based on power requirements, power sharing is performed between different modes of communication systems, thereby achieving dynamic and flexible power sharing between at least two modes of communication systems.

[0008] US Patent No. US9570984, granted to Yang, discloses a circuit for parallel power supply modules to achieve proportional automatic current sharing. The circuit includes at least two power supply modules, and an output current feedback loop and an output voltage adjustment loop corresponding to each power supply module. The output current feedback loop includes an output current sampling and amplification unit configured to collect the output current of the power supply modules and amplify the collected output current into a voltage signal according to an inverse proportion set for each power supply module, and a current sharing controller unit configured to adjust the output voltage of each power supply module. The output voltage adjustment loop is configured to compare the output voltage of the current sharing controller unit with a reference voltage and control the output voltage of the power supply modules to adjust the output current.

[0009] US Patent No. 8570103, granted to Chang, discloses a power amplifier module with both power combining and power sharing capabilities. The proposed flexible power amplifier (PA) module includes a preprocessor, N PAs, and a postprocessor. The preprocessor is an M-to-N wavefront (WF) multiplexer, while the postprocessor is an N-to-M WF demultiplexer, where N ≥ M ≥ 2. Multiple independent signals can be concurrently amplified by the proposed multi-channel PA module, which has a fixed total power output, while each signal channel outputs different power intensities, and there is no signal coupling between the signals. In addition to the basic configuration, some modules can be configured to function as parallel power amplifiers and as M-to-M switches. Other programmable features include configurations with power combining and power redistribution capabilities with specified amplitude and phase distributions, and high-power PAs with linearizers.

[0010] Gonzalez Esteban's U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US20170104463A1 discloses a distributed amplification device with p inputs, p outputs, and p amplification paths. The device includes a redundancy library of n amplifiers, including np spare amplifiers, and input and output redundancy loops formed by rotary switches, sharing the same technology. Internal amplification paths associated with the np spare amplifiers are interleaved, enclosing internal amplification paths associated with the p nominal amplifiers, and each routed amplification path passes through at least five rotary switches. The input and output redundancy loops are topologically and geometrically configured, and a family of routing configurations is selected such that all paths of the same routing configuration within that family have equal electrical lengths.

[0011] The inventions known to date have many drawbacks, including: difficulty in use / installation / setup, requirement of external computing devices or other hardware to operate, high cost, requirement of extensive expertise for installation / setup / operation, inflexibility during installation / setup, requirement of large inventory to meet customer needs, difficulty in customization, difficulty in optimization during installation / setup, limited user availability, and failure to utilize all available power.

[0012] A multi-channel power amplifier is needed that addresses one or more of the problems described herein and / or one or more problems that a person skilled in the art may notice upon familiarity with this specification. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention was developed in response to the current state of the art, and particularly in response to the problems and needs in the existing art where currently available power amplifiers have not been fully resolved. Therefore, this invention has been developed to provide a multi-channel amplifier with improved power sharing capabilities.

[0014] A multi-channel amplifier may include a power supply with a specific power output rating. The amplifier may include first and second output channels, each with a power amplifier, an adjustable voltage limiter, and adjustable impedance circuitry, all functionally coupled to the power supply. The output channels may also be equipped with a constraint controller incorporating predefined partial power settings, capable of adjusting the voltage or impedance based on specific constraint modes. These settings may be controlled by a multi-contact switch, generating different switching modes via a physical actuator. Furthermore, a microprocessor and associated memory devices can calculate partial power settings taking into account the power output rating, switching modes, and constraint modes, thereby enabling power distribution without a graphical user interface. A sensor system, including temperature, current, and voltage sensors, can provide real-time data to the microprocessor, allowing for dynamic adjustments based on sensor data exceeding predefined limits. The amplifier may also have an audio input connected to a digital signal processor, where the microprocessor and memory devices are embedded within a microcontroller that constrains the audio signal to the output channels based on thresholds provided by the microcontroller.

[0015] Another embodiment of the multichannel amplifier may include a toggle switch, similar to a previous design, to control constraint modes in the first and second output channels. This switch may be coupled to a multi-contact switch that determines the power distribution balance between the output channels, where a microprocessor and memory device calculate partial power settings based on power output ratings, switching modes, and constraint modes. Real-time data from the first output channel can be fed back to the microprocessor via a sensor system, allowing for dynamic adjustments within a predefined range. The amplifier may also incorporate an input signal DSP compressor or limiter, working in conjunction with the microcontroller to limit the audio signal based on a specified threshold.

[0016] Another iteration of the multichannel amplifier may include a power supply, an audio input, and first and second output channels equipped with power amplifiers, adjustable voltage limiters, and adjustable impedance circuitry. A constraint controller with predefined partial power settings may be present, and multi-contact switches can adjust the power distribution balance between the output channels. A microcontroller embedded within the amplifier calculates the partial power settings by considering power output ratings, switching modes, and constraint modes. Furthermore, input signal DSP compressors or limiters connected to the audio input and output channels can limit the audio signal based on thresholds set by the microcontroller, ensuring efficient audio output.

[0017] References to features, advantages, or similar language throughout this specification do not imply that all features and advantages achievable with the invention should be, or are, included in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language relating to features and advantages is to be understood as: a particular feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the discussion of features and advantages throughout the specification, as well as similar language, may, but not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

[0018] Furthermore, the features, advantages, and characteristics described in this invention can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced without one or more specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages not appearing in all embodiments of the invention may be recognized in certain embodiments.

[0019] These features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by practice of the invention as described below. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the advantages of the present invention, the invention briefly described above will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings of the present invention are not drawn to scale. The drawings are merely schematic representations and are not intended to depict specific parameters of the invention. It should be understood that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and should not be considered as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional features and details using the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the output channels of a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 and Figure 4 A pre-conceived panel of a multi-channel power amplifier according to various embodiments of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 An expected multi-contact slide switch for a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the principles of the invention, exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings will now be referred to, and they will be described using specific language. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any substitutions and further modifications to the inventive features shown herein, as well as any other applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein, which would arise to those skilled in the art upon having seen this disclosure, are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

[0022] Throughout this specification, references to "embodiment," "example," or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or combination thereof described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the use of the phrases "embodiment," "example," and similar language throughout this specification may, but does not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment, different embodiments, or one or more of the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, references to the wording "embodiment," "example," or similar terms for two or more features, elements, etc., do not imply that these features are necessarily related, different, or identical.

[0023] Statements in each embodiment or example are considered independent of statements in any other embodiment, although similar or identical language is used to characterize each embodiment. Therefore, where an embodiment is identified as "another embodiment," the identified embodiment is independent of any other embodiment characterized as "another embodiment." Features, functions, etc., described herein are considered capable of being combined with each other, directly or indirectly, implicitly or explicitly, in whole or in part, as directed by the claims and / or techniques.

[0024] As used herein, “including,” “contains,” “comprising,” “is,” “is,” “characterized by,” and their grammatical equivalents are inclusive open-ended terms that do not exclude additional elements or methodological steps not listed.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. It shows a combined microprocessor 12 and memory device 13, functionally coupled to a pair of output channels 15, 16, a multi-contact switch 11, and a constraint controller 14. A power supply 16 is functionally coupled to each output channel 15, 17. The illustrated multi-channel power amplifier 10 shares power from the power supply 16 between the first and second output channels 15, 17 based on the current switching mode of the multi-contact switch 11 combined with settings applied via the constraint controller 14. Advantageously, installers can easily set the constraint controller 14 to appropriate constraints and then set the multi-contact switch 11 to the desired power-sharing mode, thus setting the power sharing of the multi-channel amplifier 10 without the need for complex and expensive GUI or software settings, or the training required to use them. Although the diagrams shown depict output channels 15, 17 coupled to a speaker, it should be understood that the multi-channel power amplifier output channels 15, 17 shown can be functionally coupled to non-speaker output lines or even non-audio output lines, such as, but not limited to, broadcasting and television, wireless communications, radar systems, medical imaging, industrial automation, scientific research, aerospace and defense, satellite communications, test and measurement, wireless LANs (local area networks), research laboratories, energy and power systems, and environmental monitoring.

[0026] The combined microprocessor 12 and memory device 13 shown allow processing of instructions from memory associated with received signals, thereby also allowing commands to be sent to other components of the system, such as output channels. The memory device may include machine-readable instructions to generate a second power setting based on a combination of the power output rating of the power supply, the current switching mode of the multi-contact switch, and the current constraint mode of the constraint controller.

[0027] This can exist in the form of a value table, especially when the permutations of current switching modes, power output ratings, and constraint modes are quite limited. As a non-limiting example, when the power output of the power supply is fixed, there might only be a single power output rating combined with various permutations of current switching modes and constraint modes. Furthermore, the constraint modes for the output channels might be limited to four constraint modes. In this case, the number of entries the table needs to maintain is four times the number of current switching modes. There are four current switching modes (e.g., see...). Figure 3 The table (containing the "Load Selection" switch) will have sixteen second-part power settings, selected from the table based on signals received from the multi-contact switch and constraint controller. These second-part power settings will be provided as commands to the associated output channel, which will then constrain the current and / or voltage accordingly, thereby obtaining the allocated power solely based on the multi-contact switch settings.

[0028] Alternatively, storage device 13 may include instructions for calculating a second power setting based on the current switching mode, power output rating, and constraint mode. Such calculations typically involve utilizing electrical theory, including but not limited to Ohm's law (e.g., current = voltage / resistance and its variations) and Watt's law (e.g., power = voltage × current and power = voltage² divided by resistance), but may also utilize Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws, where the circuitry within (or even outside) the system can be modeled within the storage device. As a non-limiting example, where the output channel has the following constraint settings: 2 ohms and 70 volts, and the current switching mode of the multi-contact switch allocates 100 watts to the output channel, the second power setting would be set to limit the impedance / voltage to a current of 7.07 amps (e.g., limit the voltage to 14.14 volts so that the 2-ohm system does not carry more than 7.07 amps). It will be understood that those skilled in the art of manufacturing multi-channel power amplifiers will be able to appropriately program the storage device based on modern electrical theory and the known inputs of this system to produce the correct second power setting.

[0029] The illustrated microprocessor 12 and memory device 13 include at least two inputs and one output. A power-sharing input is present, functionally coupled to a multi-contact switch, such that the microprocessor / memory device receives its current switching mode. A switching system input is present, functionally coupled to receive the current constraint mode from a constraint controller. A power setting output is present, functionally coupled to each of the first and second output channels, such that a second portion of the power setting from the memory device constrains the voltage and / or impedance of the first output channel via its associated adjustable voltage limiter or adjustable impedance circuit, and also constrains the voltage or impedance of the second output channel via its associated adjustable voltage limiter or adjustable impedance circuit.

[0030] A microprocessor is a central processing unit (CPU) typically contained within a single integrated circuit (IC) or chip, acting as the brain of a computer or electronic device. It typically processes instructions from memory, performs arithmetic and logical operations, and / or manages input / output functions, enabling the device to perform tasks and run software applications. They interpret and execute instructions to implement the functionality of complex software programs and facilitate communication between hardware components. Examples of popular microprocessors include Intel Core and AMD Ryzen series processors used in computers, and ARM processors commonly found in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

[0031] In the context of computing, storage devices are electronic components used to store data and instructions that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) can access and manipulate. These devices hold temporary or permanent data required by the CPU to process tasks. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a prominent example of storage directly coupled to the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, meaning it loses its stored information when power is off, but it provides fast access times, allowing the CPU to quickly retrieve and modify data during operation. Another type is cache memory, which is a smaller, high-speed storage unit located directly on the CPU chip itself. It stores frequently accessed data and instructions, increasing processor speed by reducing the time required to fetch information from main memory (RAM). Additionally, Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a non-volatile memory type that contains permanent instructions accessed by the CPU during startup. Examples of these storage devices include Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), and flash memory, each with specific characteristics tailored to various computing needs.

[0032] The illustrated power supply 16 supplies power to the multichannel amplifier 10 according to its power output rating (typically in watts) and is functionally coupled to each illustrated output channel so that its power can be supplied to them. The power supply 16 may also be functionally coupled to a microprocessor and / or a memory device so that the power supply's power rating can be supplied and stored therein. This may be useful where the power supply has a selectably variable power rating, such as in the case of certain types of flyback power supplies. The microprocessor 12 can provide instructions to it and can receive additional data from it (e.g., sensor data similar to that that might come from the output channels).

[0033] Output channels 15 and 17, shown, are functionally coupled to each of power supply 16 and microprocessor 12. They are also functionally coupled to the audio lines shown, such that the output from output channels 15 and 17 is sent to the associated audio lines. Output channels 15 and 17 each receive power from power supply 16 and commands from microprocessor 12. Inputs to the amplifier system (e.g., audio signals) are not shown, but may be directly coupled to each output channel or transmitted via the microprocessor. See also Figure 6 Learn about an alternative signal input configuration. See also Figure 2 Understand the components that can be included in the output channel, including current / voltage regulation.

[0034] A power amplifier's output channels are dedicated paths through which amplified signals are transmitted to external devices, such as speakers, transducers, or other audio equipment. Internally, each output channel typically includes power amplifier circuitry responsible for amplifying the incoming electrical signal, increasing its amplitude to a level suitable for driving the connected load. Additionally, output channels may include adjustable components such as voltage limiters and impedance circuitry, allowing the output signal characteristics to be customized based on the requirements of the connected device. These channels act as a bridge between the power amplifier and the external device, ensuring that the amplified audio or signal is transmitted accurately and efficiently, providing clear and robust sound reproduction or signal transmission. Some examples include: speaker outputs, transducer outputs, motor drive outputs, antenna outputs, subwoofer outputs, headphone outputs, line outputs, feedback outputs, and auxiliary outputs.

[0035] The illustrated multi-contact switch 11 allows an installer to interact with amplifier 10 to determine power sharing between output channels 15, 17. The illustrated switch 11 may have a physical actuator (e.g., toggle switch, push-button switch, rocker switch, rotary switch, slide switch, momentary switch, tactile switch, DIP switch, membrane switch, lever switch, push-button switch, and mercury switch). The multi-contact switch 11 generates a current switching mode from multiple switching modes. The current switching mode may simultaneously include power sharing information for multiple output channels (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 3 and Figure 4 The power sharing information may simply be switch position information, which is then interpreted by the microprocessor as a power sharing setting. The multi-contact switch 11 may be a single switch that includes a power sharing specification and / or generates an associated signal corresponding to an additive balance of the power distribution between the first and second output channels (i.e., the sum of the total power distributions equals the total available power based on the power rating of the power supply).

[0036] As a non-limiting example, position 1 of switch 11 could correspond to equal power sharing between two channels, while position 2 of switch 11 could be power sharing, where channel one receives 50 watts more than the equal allocation, and channel two receives 50 watts less than the equal allocation. Switch 11 could be labeled with a permanent mark, or could include a graphical display communicating with the microprocessor such that the displayed sharing information matches the sharing configuration of the current switching mode being used by the microprocessor.

[0037] The illustrated constraint controller 14 provides control instructions (i.e., a first power setting that constrains each output channel to a specific voltage or impedance requirement identified by the current constraint mode; for example, if the constraint mode is set to 2 ohms, the microprocessor will use this maximum value when calculating its second power setting) to limit the voltage / impedance of each associated output channel. It is functionally coupled to microprocessor / memory devices 12, 13, making the control instructions from the constraint controller 14 available for use. Such a controller 14 may include physical switches (e.g., typically DIP switches or other toggle switches) set to known values ​​for the associated output channels by a professional performing setup / installation. Alternatively, the constraint controller 14 may read the value from the attached output line if it is capable of providing this information. The first power setting may be fixed to a specific value or a specific initial value and can then be changed based on interaction with sensor data according to instructions from the microprocessor.

[0038] As a non-limiting example, the following settings are common load / voltage requirements for audio implementations (other implementations may have different requirements, but are generally based on the assumption that the intended implementation is known): Car audio systems - designed for low impedance loads of 1 ohm, 2 ohm, and 4 ohm. Home audio systems - with low impedance load requirements of 4 ohms and 8 ohms. Commercial audio equipment - designed for low impedance and constant voltage (high impedance) loads of 2, 4 and 8 ohms and 70V / 100V.

[0039] In operation, the system shown provides a manual mechanical method for power sharing between two amplifier channels that share power. It is an amplifier with a given power supply value, where power (e.g., an amplified audio signal) can be directed to either channel or shared between the two channels. It includes a single mechanical (e.g., rotary, sliding, or variable potentiometer) switch to determine the value the user wants to select, and a microprocessor / microcontroller coupled to a current limiter to control the current delivered (e.g., using a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) limiter to limit the input level signal). The microcontroller controls the output channel amplification in response to the selection of the mechanical switch. Power sharing between the two channels can be adjusted in a single control.

[0040] Advantageously, installers with very little training and expertise may be able to set up and install multi-channel power amplifiers with power-sharing capabilities simply by understanding the desired power-sharing pattern and the allocated load impedance for each channel. Furthermore, system purchasers do not need to pay for additional GUI or software interfaces for the multi-channel power amplifiers, thus reducing the cost required to produce such systems. Installation will also be faster and less prone to problems and errors, such as, but not limited to: Overload and damage: If the power amplifier channels are not properly balanced, some channels may receive more power than they can handle. This can lead to overload, overheating, and ultimately damage to the connected speakers or amplifier, rendering them unusable.

[0041] Audio distortion: Incorrect power sharing can cause audio output distortion. When an amplifier does not distribute power evenly across channels, it can result in clipped or distorted sound, reducing overall audio quality and clarity.

[0042] Inefficient power usage: Incorrect settings can lead to inefficient power usage. Some channels may receive excessive power while others are underutilized, resulting in wasted energy and potentially higher long-term operating costs.

[0043] Inconsistent performance: Different speakers or audio zones may receive different power levels, resulting in an inconsistent audio experience. In venues such as theaters or concert halls, uniform sound quality is crucial, and this can lead to a dissatisfied audience experience.

[0044] System instability: Incorrect power sharing can cause amplifier instability. This instability may lead to unexpected shutdown or interruption at critical moments, resulting in audio playback interruption.

[0045] Reduced equipment lifespan: Continuously operating equipment with incorrect power distribution can put excessive stress on it, potentially shortening its lifespan. Over time, this may lead to frequent repairs or replacements, increasing maintenance costs.

[0046] Furthermore, the amplifier shown eliminates the need for manufacturers / suppliers to stock multiple SKUs of amplifiers with various power levels or amplifiers with expensive GUI / software systems and interfaces. It also allows for customization of amplifier power output to meet installation requirements by directing power to the desired configuration; moreover, users can easily modify these settings if system settings change.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the invention, amplifier power sharing can be applied to two amplifier channels. The power levels of these amplifiers can be determined by four main components: supply current and voltage levels to obtain a rated load; a microcontroller to control / monitor voltage, current, and input signal levels; output stage voltage and current regulator circuitry; and control switches (e.g., multi-contact switches that display multiple power sharing modes).

[0048] The amplifier power supply can be connected to the output stage of each amplifier channel via a fixed maximum DC voltage and maximum current level. The output voltage and current of both amplifier channels can be controlled / monitored independently. This allows each channel to reach its assigned power level (i.e., the power level of the current power-sharing mode of the control switch), regardless of the assigned load impedance. The amplifier model specification determines the voltage and current power supply requirements. The microcontroller can monitor and control the power supply voltage, current, and input signals of each channel to achieve user settings.

[0049] Each of the two amplifier channels can have two user-selectable configuration settings: load selection (i.e., from a constraint controller, e.g., in voltage or impedance form) and amplifier channel maximum power (i.e., from a multi-contact switch, e.g., in watts form). These configuration switch settings can be sent to a microcontroller, which then sends the required voltage and current commands to each amplifier channel to achieve the selected power-sharing mode setting. The amplifier's output topology can be Class D, which is highly efficient. Furthermore, Class D amplifiers are designed to allow adjustment of the output current and output voltage of each amplifier channel to achieve user-configured power-sharing and load selection settings. Each channel can contain independent circuitry to regulate current and voltage requirements.

[0050] In addition, to prevent end users from overdriving amplifier channels, an input signal DSP compressor / limiter can be used. The DSP compressor / limiter threshold can be set to allow the maximum audio input signal to enter the amplifier, achieving a user-selected power-sharing power level. The DSP compressor / limiter settings can be obtained from the microcontroller.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the output channel 20 of a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. The output channel 20 is shown, having a power input 21, a sensor system 22, a voltage limiter 23, an impedance circuit 24, a signal output line 25, and a power amplifier 26. The illustrated output channel 20 can amplify the input signal distributed via the signal output line 25 using power from the power input 21 through the operation of the power amplifier 26, while limiting the power used via the voltage limiter 23 and / or the impedance circuit 24. The sensor system 22 monitors the operating characteristics of the output channel 20, such as actual output voltage, current, and temperature, and can feed this information to other locations in associated systems.

[0052] Signal output line 25 is functionally coupled to power amplifier 26 and provides the amplified signal from it when it is accessible to any downstream system intended to use the amplified signal. Signal output line 25 is the path through which the amplified audio signal is transmitted to external devices such as speakers or transducers. These output lines transmit the amplified audio signal from the power amplifier to the connected devices, enabling them to produce sound. Properly configured output lines ensure accurate signal transmission and high-quality audio output. For example, in a concert setup, signal output lines from the amplifier distribute the amplified audio signal to different speakers strategically placed throughout the venue, delivering clear and powerful sound to the audience.

[0053] The power input 21 shown provides coupling (i.e., electrical connection) between the power supply outside the output channel 20 and the power amplifier 26 and associated circuitry (e.g., voltage limiter 23 and impedance circuitry 24). Such coupling may also include connecting hardware to functionally couple those components together so that they work together to produce the desired result.

[0054] The illustrated sensor system 22 includes one or more sensors functionally coupled to one or more components of the output channel 20 to generate data. Such sensors may include one or more voltage, current, or temperature sensors that may be coupled to signal output lines, power amplifiers, voltage limiters, and / or impedance circuitry. These sensors continuously monitor the internal condition of the amplifier and the connected output devices. By providing real-time data, the sensor system 22 enables the amplifier to dynamically adjust its settings. For example, if the channel is operating at a high temperature, the sensor system 22 can trigger adjustments to prevent overheating, ensuring the amplifier operates within safe parameters. Data from the sensors can be fed (e.g., in real-time) to other parts of the system so that decisions regarding changes in command instructions can be made (e.g., by a microprocessor / microcontroller). Furthermore, such data can be logged and stored in one or more storage devices.

[0055] The associated storage device may include machine-readable instructions to change the second-part power settings based on data from sensor system 22 exceeding a predefined range. This could be to further limit the voltage or increase the impedance in the output channel if a high temperature is detected or the actual current / voltage on the signal output line exceeds the expected range. Alternatively, it could be to shut down the power amplifier instead of limiting amplification.

[0056] The voltage limiter 23 shown (also known as a voltage clamp) is functionally coupled to the power amplifier so that voltage can be limited therein. The voltage limiter can be an adjustable voltage limiter, allowing the voltage to be limited in an adjustable manner. Voltage limiter 23 constrains the voltage output to a predefined level. It acts as a protection mechanism to prevent connected devices from receiving excessive voltage that could damage them. The voltage limiter is adjustable and can be customized for each channel. For example, in a 4-channel amplifier, each channel can have its voltage limiter set to limit the output voltage to 50V, ensuring that connected speakers or devices receive a safe and regulated power supply. This can be achieved via various circuit configurations known to those skilled in the art as voltage limiters, and / or by including Zener diodes, varistors, and / or gas discharge tubes in the circuit.

[0057] The impedance circuit 24 shown is functionally coupled to the power amplifier, allowing impedance to be limited therein. Impedance circuit 24 can be an adjustable impedance circuit, allowing the impedance to be limited in an adjustable manner. Impedance circuit 24 limits the impedance, ensuring that the connected speaker or device matches the amplifier's output impedance. Impedance matching is crucial for efficient power transfer and preventing signal reflections. Different speakers have different impedance ratings, such as 4 ohms or 8 ohms. The impedance circuit adjusts the amplifier's output impedance to match the impedance of the connected device, thereby maximizing power transfer and optimizing sound quality. This can be achieved via a variety of rich circuit configurations known to those skilled in the art, which selectively change the impedance of the line, typically including transformers; and / or adjustable networks of lumped resistors, capacitors, and inductors in various configurations, as well as gates / switches to selectively connect these components as needed.

[0058] The power amplifier 26 shown is functionally coupled to a power source via power input 21. Power amplifier 26 is the core component responsible for amplifying the input signal. It receives low-power signals and typically significantly boosts their amplitude to drive connected speakers or devices. The power amplifier utilizes transistors or other amplifying components to perform this amplification process.

[0059] Figure 3 and Figure 4 A intended panel for a multi-channel power amplifier according to various embodiments of the present invention is shown. Each panel shows a load select area and a power share (PWR SHARE) area, each corresponding to physical switches that are part of a constraint system (labeled LOAD SELECT) and a multi-contact switch (labeled PWR SHARE) that can be used by the installer to configure the associated multi-channel power amplifier. The panels shown also display input lines (labeled LINE IN) and signal output lines (labeled AMP OUT). Figure 3 The panel in the middle is used for amplifiers that can receive two inputs and output to two output channels. Figure 4 The panel in the middle is for an amplifier capable of receiving four inputs and outputting to four output channels. It includes two multi-contact switches to independently distribute power between the two sets of output channels. Figure 4 In the configuration, channels 1 and 3 are each set to 350 watts, and channels 2 and 4 are each set to 50 watts.

[0060] Figure 5A desired multi-contact slide switch for a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The slide switch shown includes indicators at various switch positions that simultaneously indicate the desired power distribution between the two channels. In the leftmost first position, channel 1 receives 0 watts while channel 2 receives 400 watts. Each subsequent position transfers power from channel 2 to channel 1 in increments of 100 watts, with the rightmost final position indicating 400 watts for channel 1 and 0 watts for channel 2. A selector indicating the current selection mode indicates 300 watts for channel 1 and 100 watts for channel 2. Thus, the switch itself provides information to the coupled microprocessor / microcontroller, enabling the microprocessor / microcontroller to utilize this desired power distribution (300W / 100W) when determining the appropriate second-part power setting.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. The illustrated multi-channel power amplifier shows dual-channel inputs coupled to a digital signal processor limiter that communicates with a microcontroller that manages the amplifier's power distribution. The illustrated amplifier is protected from input signals that may overdrive the intended output signal, while still allowing selectable power sharing without a GUI or software / programming interface.

[0062] The microcontroller shown is functionally coupled to a digital signal processor limiter (which can be operated by an associated digital signal processor (DSP)), power sharing settings (multi-contact switches), output impedance settings (constraint controllers), and each output channel (CH 1 power amplifier and its associated current and voltage regulation, and CH 2 power amplifier and its associated current and voltage regulation), including the microprocessor and associated memory devices. A microcontroller is typically a compact integrated circuit containing a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input / output peripherals. It acts as the brain of an embedded system, controlling various tasks within the electronic device. The microcontroller processes instructions, reads input from sensors, executes programmed algorithms, and makes decisions based on the received data.

[0063] The illustrated digital signal processor (DSP) limiter limits the maximum audio signal from the DSP to each of the first and second output channels based on thresholds from the microcontroller. This is typically a DSP algorithm designed to prevent audio signals from exceeding specified amplitude or levels, avoiding distortion or damage to audio equipment. It works by detecting signal peaks and reducing their amplitude to predefined limits. In live sound applications, DSP limiters protect speakers from excessively loud audio signals that could damage them or interfere with audio quality. For example, in a concert setup, a DSP limiter ensures that the amplified audio signal sent to the speakers does not exceed safe levels, preventing distortion and ensuring clear sound projection. This can be achieved using a DSP. A DSP compressor can also be used.

[0064] A DSP compressor is a digital signal processing technology used to control the dynamic range of audio signals. It reduces the amplitude of loud signals while boosting softer signals, ensuring a more consistent output level. Compressors are widely used in audio production to balance audio levels and enhance clarity. For example, in a recording studio, a DSP compressor can be applied to vocals to reduce the volume of loud passages and enhance the overall balance of the recording. This process helps maintain consistent audio levels, making it easier to mix and ensuring a refined final sound.

[0065] A digital signal processor (DSP) is a dedicated microprocessor specifically designed for efficiently processing digital signals, such as audio, video, or sensor data. Unlike general-purpose microcontrollers, DSPs are optimized for mathematical calculations and signal manipulation, making them ideal for tasks such as audio processing and digital communications. DSPs can execute complex algorithms in real time to enhance sound quality or implement noise reduction in audio systems. For example, in noise-canceling headphones, a DSP processes the incoming audio signal, identifies background noise, and generates an anti-noise signal to eliminate unwanted sounds, providing a quieter listening experience. DSPs can include one or more of a VCA (voltage-controlled amplifier) ​​and a traditional analog limiter / compressor.

[0066] Figure 7This is a block diagram illustrating a multi-channel power amplifier according to an embodiment of the invention. It shows a power supply functionally coupled to each of the first and second output channels, each output channel having a fixed impedance, and each output channel functionally coupled to an associated adjustable voltage limiter, wherein two adjustable voltage limiters are functionally coupled to a single multi-contact switch having a physical actuator with power output specified for the first and second output channels. Advantageously, the illustrated multi-channel amplifier allows power sharing between the first and second output channels without the need for a computing system, particularly one requiring programming or a graphical user interface. The illustrated amplifier is significantly cheaper than existing multi-channel amplifiers with power sharing capabilities and is easier to use and install.

[0067] The first and second output channels shown have fixed impedances, and each is fed to multiple speaker lines. The two channels shown may have the same impedance as each other, or a fixed impedance different from the other channel. As a non-limiting example, in a car audio implementation, a 4-ohm impedance is very typical, so both channels may be fixed to have a 4-ohm impedance. Alternatively, one channel may be fixed to 4 ohms, while the other channel may be fixed to 8 ohms or 16 ohms. This fixed impedance can be achieved by a circuit with series or parallel resistors that correspondingly limit the impedance. The amplifier may have such circuitry within the channel itself, or such impedance-fixing circuitry may be included in or after the associated output lines (e.g., between the channel power amplifier and the output connectors for coupling the output channels to the associated speaker lines). The circuitry and setup for fixing the impedance to a desired rating are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0068] The adjustable voltage limiter shown for each output channel is functionally coupled to a multi-contact switch, such that the switching settings of the multi-contact switch simultaneously control the specific voltage limit of each adjustable voltage limiter. This can be achieved by including the multi-contact switch in the selection circuitry of each limiter, thereby allowing the limit to be changed in a predictable manner based on the known fixed impedance of the associated channel and the known rated power of the power supply.

[0069] The illustrated multi-contact switch includes a physical actuator with power output specifications (e.g., 200W, 150W, ... 0W) for the first and second output channels. Furthermore, the illustrated multi-contact switch generates a current switching mode from multiple switching modes, such that an adjustable voltage limiter functionally coupled to each of the first and second output channels selects a specific voltage limit for each first and second output channel, thereby limiting the power output through each first and second output channel to the associated displayed power output specification without a graphical user interface. The multi-contact switch can be an adjustable potentiometer that selectively generates a specific array of resistance values, which are then used by associated circuitry to establish a specific voltage limit in the voltage limiter.

[0070] The illustrated multichannel amplifier may include an audio input functionally coupled to a digital signal processor (DSP), which is also functionally coupled to each of the first and second output channels. It may also include a microprocessor and associated memory devices functionally coupled to the DSP. The DSP may include an input signal DSP compressor or input signal DSP limiter functionally coupled to the microprocessor, limiting the maximum audio signal from the DSP to each of the first and second output channels based on thresholds from the memory devices.

[0071] It may also include a sensor system functionally coupled to each of the first and second output channels to observe their state and functionally coupled to a microprocessor to provide state information thereto, wherein the microcontroller is functionally coupled to each adjustable voltage limiter, allowing the microprocessor to further constrain the voltage based on the state condition. This state can be voltage, current, or temperature.

[0072] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative applications of the principles of the invention. The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative rather than restrictive. Therefore, the scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. All variations within the meaning and equivalence of the claims should be included within their scope.

[0073] For example, although the accompanying drawings show a multi-contact switch that controls only two output channels at a time, it should be understood that such a switch can be labeled and provide instructions for more than two output channels simultaneously.

[0074] Furthermore, although the accompanying drawings show two or more signal inputs, it should be understood that a multichannel amplifier may have only a single signal input.

[0075] Therefore, although the invention has been described in sufficient detail in conjunction with what are now considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles and concepts of the invention as set forth in the claims, including but not limited to variations in size, material, shape, form, function, and mode of operation, assembly, and use. Furthermore, it is contemplated that an embodiment may be limited to including or substantially including one or more features, functions, structures, or methods described herein.

Claims

1. A multi-channel amplifier, comprising: a. A power supply having a power output rating; b. A first output channel and a second output channel, each of which is functionally coupled to the power supply, and each includes: i. A power amplifier, which is functionally coupled to the power supply; ii. An adjustable voltage limiter, said adjustable voltage limiter being functionally coupled to said power amplifier for adjustable limiting of channel voltage; and iii. An adjustable impedance circuit, which is functionally coupled to the power amplifier to adjustably limit the channel impedance; c. A constraint controller, the constraint controller comprising a set of predefined first-part power settings, each set of first-part power settings constraining each of the first output channel and the second output channel to a specific voltage or a specific impedance identified by the current constraint mode; d. A multi-contact switch having a physical actuator, the multi-contact switch generating a current switching mode from multiple switching modes; and e. A microprocessor and a storage device, the storage device including machine-readable instructions to generate a second portion of power settings based on a combination of the power output rating, the current switching mode, and the current constraint mode, the microprocessor and the storage device comprising: i. A power-sharing input, which is functionally coupled to the multi-contact switch to receive the current switching mode; ii. A switching system input, functionally coupled to receive the current constraint mode; and iii. A power setting output, said power setting output being functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel, such that the second portion of the power setting from the microprocessor and memory device: (1) The voltage of the first output channel is constrained via the adjustable voltage limiter of the first output channel and / or the impedance of the first output channel is constrained via the adjustable impedance circuit of the first output channel; and (2) The voltage of the second output channel is constrained via the adjustable voltage limiter of the second output channel and / or the impedance of the second output channel is constrained via the adjustable impedance circuit of the second output channel, thereby selectively sharing the power output of the power supply between the first output channel and the second output channel without using a graphical user interface.

2. The multi-channel amplifier according to claim 1, wherein, The machine-readable instructions include a table of partial power settings that match a specific arrangement of power output ratings, voltage limits, and impedance limits.

3. The multichannel amplifier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The multi-contact switch is a single switch that includes an associated signal that specifies power sharing and generates an accumulated balance corresponding to the power distribution between the first output channel and the second output channel.

4. The multichannel amplifier according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The power supply is functionally coupled to the microprocessor and the memory device such that the power rating of the power supply is stored by the microprocessor and the memory device.

5. The multichannel amplifier according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The constraint controller includes a physical toggle switch that switches between a pair of constraint settings.

6. The multichannel amplifier according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a sensor system that feeds real-time data from the first output channel back to the microprocessor and memory device.

7. The multichannel amplifier according to claim 6, wherein, The sensor system includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a current sensor, and a voltage sensor functionally coupled to the first output channel, such that corresponding data from the first output channel is fed to the microprocessor and memory device.

8. The multichannel amplifier according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein, The machine-readable instructions include instructions for changing the second part of the power setting based on data from the sensor system that exceeds a predefined range.

9. The multichannel amplifier according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising an audio input functionally coupled to a digital signal processor, the digital signal processor being functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel.

10. The multichannel amplifier according to claim 9, wherein, The microprocessor and storage devices are included within a microcontroller that is functionally coupled to the digital signal processor.

11. The multichannel amplifier according to claim 10, wherein, The digital signal processor includes an input signal DSP compressor or an input signal DSP limiter, which is functionally coupled to the microcontroller and limits the maximum audio signal from the digital signal processor to each of the first and second output channels based on a threshold from the microcontroller.

12. A multi-channel amplifier, comprising: a. A power supply having a power output rating; b. A first output channel and a second output channel, each of the first output channel and the second output channel having a fixed impedance and comprising: i. A power amplifier, said power amplifier being functionally coupled to said power source; and ii. An adjustable voltage limiter, said adjustable voltage limiter being functionally coupled to said power amplifier; and c. A multi-contact switch having a physical actuator with power output specifications for the display of the first output channel and the second output channel, the multi-contact switch generating a current switching mode from a plurality of switching modes and functionally coupled to the adjustable voltage limiter of the first output channel and the adjustable voltage limiter of the second output channel, such that the current switching mode selects a specific voltage limit for each of the first output channel and the second output channel, thereby limiting the power output through each of the first output channel and the second output channel to the associated power output specification of the display without a graphical user interface.

13. The multichannel amplifier of claim 12, further comprising: a. An audio input, said audio input being functionally coupled to a digital signal processor, said digital signal processor being functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel; as well as b. A microprocessor and a memory device functionally coupled to the digital signal processor, wherein the digital signal processor includes an input signal DSP compressor or an input signal DSP limiter functionally coupled to the microprocessor, which limits the maximum audio signal from the digital signal processor to each of the first output channel and the second output channel based on a threshold from the associated memory device.

14. The multichannel amplifier of claim 13, further comprising a sensor system functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel to observe one or more of voltage, current, and temperature of each of the first output channel and the second output channel, and functionally coupled to the microprocessor and the memory device to provide one or more of voltage, current, and temperature information to the microprocessor and the memory device, wherein, The microprocessor and memory device are functionally coupled to each of the adjustable voltage limiters, enabling the microprocessor and memory device to further constrain the voltage based on one or more of the voltage, current, and temperature information.

15. A multi-channel amplifier, comprising: a. A power supply having a power output rating; b. Audio input; c. A first output channel and a second output channel, each of which is functionally coupled to the power supply, and each includes: i. Power amplifier; ii. Adjustable voltage limiter; and iii. Adjustable impedance circuit; d. A constraint controller functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel, the constraint controller including a set of predefined first partial power settings that constrain each output channel to a specific voltage or a specific impedance identified by the current constraint mode; e. A multi-contact switch having a single physical actuator including an associated signal that specifies power sharing and generates an accumulated balance corresponding to the power distribution between a first output channel and a second output channel, the multi-contact switch generating a current switching mode from multiple switching modes; and f. A microcontroller, the microcontroller including machine-readable instructions for generating a second power setting based on a combination of the power output rating, the current switching mode, and the current constraint mode, the microcontroller comprising: i. A power-sharing input, which is functionally coupled to the multi-contact switch to receive the current switching mode; ii. A switching system input, functionally coupled to receive the current constraint mode; and iii. A power setting output, said power setting output being functionally coupled to each of the first output channel and the second output channel, such that the second portion of the power setting from the microcontroller: (1) The voltage of the first output channel is constrained via the adjustable voltage limiter of the first output channel and / or the impedance of the first output channel is constrained via the adjustable impedance circuit of the first output channel; and (2) The voltage of the second output channel is constrained via the adjustable voltage limiter of the second output channel and / or the impedance of the second output channel is constrained via the adjustable impedance circuit of the second output channel, thereby selectively sharing the power output of the power supply between the first output channel and the second output channel without using a graphical user interface, and g. An input signal DSP compressor or input signal DSP limiter, said input signal DSP compressor or said input signal DSP limiter being functionally coupled between the audio input and the first output channel and the second output channel, and functionally coupled to the microcontroller, wherein said input signal DSP compressor or said input signal DSP limiter to the maximum audio signal of each of the first output channel and the second output channel based on a threshold from the microcontroller.

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