Photovoltaic power generation night intelligent following personnel moving track lighting circuit

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of lighting circuit technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit that tracks the movement of people at night. The technical solution is as follows: A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit that tracks the movement of people at night includes: a photovoltaic power generation module with a positive output terminal V+ and a negative output terminal V-; a charging management module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module; an energy storage battery connected to the charging management module, the energy storage battery including cells BT1 and BT2; a voltage regulator module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module and the output terminal of the energy storage battery, for providing a stable operating voltage VCC; and a main control module powered by the operating voltage VCC output by the voltage regulator module. This lighting circuit is applicable to various applications, has comprehensive functions, and can be customized according to customer requirements. The lighting oscillation trajectory can track the movement of people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lighting circuit technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic-powered lighting circuit that intelligently follows the movement trajectory of people at night. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic lighting is a lighting system that uses solar energy. It directly converts sunlight into electricity to power LED and other lighting equipment through the photovoltaic effect. The system typically includes solar cell modules, LED lamp heads, control boxes, and lamp poles, and features green environmental protection, convenient installation, and off-grid operation.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic lighting products on the market generally suffer from limited functionality, restricted application scenarios, and lack of adjustability. Existing technical solutions on the market are insufficient to meet our production needs. Directly purchasing smart lighting modules with similar functions often results in overly integrated and complex circuits, leading to high costs and fixed functions that are difficult to flexibly adjust and adapt to our specific requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dedicated hardware circuit solution that is simple in structure, cost-effective, easy to assemble and debug, and readily integrated with our existing production processes and technical systems to quickly achieve productization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a photovoltaic lighting circuit that intelligently follows the movement trajectory of people at night, solving the problems of excessive integration, complex structure, high cost, and difficulty in production and maintenance of existing photovoltaic lighting modules.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A photovoltaic-powered intelligent nighttime lighting circuit that tracks and follows the movement of people includes: a photovoltaic power generation module with a positive output terminal V+ and a negative output terminal V-, serving as the power supply for this circuit; a charging management module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module; an energy storage battery connected to the charging management module, the energy storage battery including cells BT1 and BT2; a voltage regulator module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminals of the photovoltaic power generation module and the energy storage battery, for providing a stable operating voltage VCC; a main control module powered by the operating voltage VCC output by the voltage regulator module; a sensing module connected to the main control module; a human-machine interaction module connected to the main control module; a motor drive module connected to the main control module; a lighting execution module connected to the motor drive module; and an angle detection module disposed on the lighting execution module and connected to the main control module. The sensing module is used to collect ambient light signals and personnel orientation signals and send them to the main control module; the human-machine interaction module is used to input control commands to the main control module; the angle detection module is used to detect the real-time angle of the lighting execution module and feed it back to the main control module; the main control module is used to switch the working mode according to the ambient light signals, and in the night mode, based on the personnel orientation signals and the real-time angle signals, it controls the motor drive module to drive the lighting execution module to rotate, so that the lighting direction follows the personnel's movement trajectory.

[0006] The positive effects of this invention are: A dedicated hardware circuit was constructed that is cost-effective, easy to manufacture and maintain, and highly compatible with the company's existing technology system. It utilizes general-purpose components and a modular design, significantly reducing material and production costs. The circuit structure is clear, facilitating production line assembly and after-sales fault location and maintenance. Furthermore, the design is fully compatible with the company's existing production processes and software development workflows, enabling a rapid and smooth transition from design to mass production. While achieving the circuit's functionality, the cost is significantly reduced, and the circuit structure is simple, easy to maintain, and cost-effective. The company's production and technical capabilities can fully meet the production requirements of this circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the lighting circuit module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the charging management module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the MCU control circuit in the main control module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control panel module circuit of the human-computer interaction module in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the LED lamp group lighting circuit in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the motor drive module circuit in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the angle detection module in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0008] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0009] Example 1 Combination Figure 1-7 As shown, a photovoltaic (PV) power generation lighting circuit for intelligently following the movement trajectory of people at night includes: a PV power generation module with a positive output terminal V+ and a negative output terminal V-, such as a monocrystalline silicon solar panel that converts solar energy into electrical energy as the power supply for this circuit; a charging management module whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the PV power generation module; an energy storage battery connected to the charging management module, the energy storage battery including cells BT1 and BT2; a voltage regulator module whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the PV power generation module and the output terminal of the energy storage battery, used to provide a stable operating voltage VCC; a main control module powered by the operating voltage VCC output by the voltage regulator module, the voltage regulator module being an LDO voltage regulator chip U5, used to convert the input voltage into a stable 3.3V voltage VCC to power the main control module; and a sensing module, connected to... The main control module is connected to the following modules: a human-machine interaction module, a motor drive module, a lighting execution module, and an angle detection module. The sensor module collects ambient light signals and personnel orientation signals and sends them to the main control module. The human-machine interaction module inputs control commands to the main control module. The angle detection module detects the real-time angle of the lighting execution module and feeds it back to the main control module. The main control module switches operating modes based on ambient light signals, and in night mode, based on personnel orientation signals and the real-time angle signals, controls the motor drive module to drive the lighting execution module to rotate, so that the lighting direction follows the personnel's movement trajectory.

[0010] The charging management module includes a first lithium battery management chip U1 and a second lithium battery management chip U2. The first lithium battery management chip U1 is connected in series with the battery cell BT2 to form a first charging branch, and the second lithium battery management chip U2 is connected in series with the battery cell BT1 to form a second charging branch. The first charging branch and the second charging branch are connected in parallel between the negative output terminal V- of the photovoltaic power generation module and the negative terminal of the energy storage battery. The charging management module also includes a reverse connection protection diode D2. The anode of the reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected to the positive output terminal V+ of the photovoltaic power generation module, and its cathode is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery.

[0011] The human-computer interaction module includes: Mode button S1, sensing distance setting button S2, and delay time setting button S3 are provided. One end of mode button S1, both ends of sensing distance setting button S2, and one end of delay time setting button S3 are respectively connected to different input / output pins of the main control module. The other ends of mode button S1 and delay time setting button S3 are grounded. The anodes of status indicator LED1, status indicator LED2, and status indicator LED3 are connected to the input / output pins of the main control module through current-limiting resistors R4, R6, and R5, respectively, to indicate the delayed shutdown time. The anodes of status indicator LED4, status indicator LED5, and status indicator LED6 are connected to the input / output pins of the main control module through current-limiting resistors R8, R3, and R9, respectively, to indicate the sensing distance.

[0012] The sensing module includes: The photodiode LED7 has its cathode connected to the input / output pin of the main control module, which has analog-to-digital conversion function, via a pull-up resistor. PIR infrared sensors A, B, and C have their signal output terminals connected to three different input / output pins of the main control module, and their detection ranges collectively cover a 240-degree area.

[0013] The motor drive module includes NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7. The gate of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the first motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R20; the gate of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the second motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R21; the gate of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the third motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R22; and the gate of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the fourth motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R23. The drains of NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are connected to the phase windings of the stepper motor M in the lighting execution module through motor interface J04.

[0014] The drain of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D3, the drain of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D4, the drain of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D5, and the drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D6. The cathodes of freewheeling diodes D3, D4, D5, and D6 are all connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip U5.

[0015] The angle detection module is a through-beam photoelectric switch D1. The output terminal of the through-beam photoelectric switch D1 is connected to the working voltage VCC through a resistor R1, and is connected to the input / output pin of the main control module through a signal line. The rotating shaft of the lighting execution module is equipped with a code disk or light-blocking plate that cooperates with the through-beam photoelectric switch D1.

[0016] It also includes an LED brightness adjustment module, which includes three switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 connected in parallel. The controlled terminals of the switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 are all connected to the PWM signal output terminal of the main control module. The main current path of the switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 is connected in series between the positive output terminal B of the energy storage battery and the input terminal of the LED group in the lighting execution module.

[0017] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment will provide a more detailed description of the above-described lighting circuit in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is intended to provide a deeper understanding of the lighting circuit scheme, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following people's movement at night. It mainly includes a photovoltaic power generation module, a charging management module, an energy storage battery, a voltage regulator module, a main control module, a sensing module, a human-machine interaction module, a motor drive module, a lighting execution module, and an angle detection module. These modules work together to achieve photovoltaic charging during the day, intelligent lighting at night, and tracking of people's movement.

[0019] 1. Implementation method of photovoltaic power generation module, charging management module, energy storage battery and voltage regulator module: The photovoltaic power generation module is a solar photovoltaic panel, with its positive output terminal being V+ and its negative output terminal being V-. The charging management module is used to manage the charging process of the energy storage battery by the photovoltaic power generation module. (Reference) Figure 2This module mainly includes a first lithium battery management chip U1, a second lithium battery management chip U2, and a reverse connection protection diode D2. The energy storage battery uses two lithium batteries connected in series, namely cell BT1 and cell BT2. The input terminal (usually the VIN pin) of the first lithium battery management chip U1 is connected to the positive output terminal V+ of the photovoltaic power generation module, and its output terminal (usually the OUT pin) is connected to the negative terminal of cell BT2, thus forming a first charging branch in series with cell BT2. Similarly, the input terminal of the second lithium battery management chip U2 is connected to V+, and its output terminal is connected to the negative terminal of cell BT1, forming a second charging branch in series with cell BT1. These two charging branches are connected in parallel at the battery terminals. The anode of the reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected to V+, and the cathode is connected to the overall positive terminal of the energy storage battery (i.e., the positive terminal of cell BT1). U1 and U2 work together to monitor the voltage of the battery in their respective branches. When the battery voltage reaches the set cutoff voltage, the internal switch of the chip is turned off, thereby cutting off the charging circuit and achieving overcharge protection.

[0020] The voltage regulator module uses an LDO voltage regulator chip U5. Its input terminal (VIN) is connected to both the V+ terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module and the positive terminal of the energy storage battery to ensure a voltage input regardless of whether it is daytime (photovoltaic power supply) or nighttime (battery power supply). The output terminal (VOUT) of U5 provides a stable 3.3V voltage, marked as VCC, which serves as the system operating voltage for the entire control circuit.

[0021] 2. Implementation of the main control module: The main control module is the control core of the entire circuit. For example... Figure 3 As shown, its core is a microcontroller U3. The power supply pin (VCC) of the microcontroller U3 is connected to the 3.3V VCC output of the voltage regulator module, and the ground pin (GND) is connected to the system common ground.

[0022] The microcontroller U3 has multiple general-purpose input / output (I / O) pins for connecting and controlling other modules: Some I / O pins are configured as analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inputs or digital inputs to connect the buttons of the sensing module and the human-machine interface module to acquire analog or digital signals.

[0023] Some I / O pins are configured as digital outputs to control the indicator lights, motor drive module, and LED brightness adjustment module of the human-machine interaction module.

[0024] Its internal program is configured to execute the following logic: determine whether the environment is day or night by analyzing the signal of the photodiode; in night mode, read the signals of three PIR sensors in real time to determine the position of the person, and calculate the direction and angle to be rotated by combining the current angle feedback from the grating sensor, thereby controlling the motor drive circuit; at the same time, respond to key commands and adjust system parameters.

[0025] 3. Implementation method of the human-computer interaction module: The human-computer interaction module provides users with a parameter setting interface. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the module includes three touch buttons and six status indicator lights.

[0026] One end of the mode button S1, both ends of the sensing distance setting button S2, and one end of the delay time setting button S3 are respectively connected to three different I / O pins of the microcontroller U3 (such as P1.0, P1.1, P1.2). The other ends of the mode button S1 and the delay time setting button S3 are grounded together. When a button is pressed, the corresponding I / O pin is pulled low. After detecting the low level, U3 executes the corresponding function setting program.

[0027] The anodes of status indicator LED1, status indicator LED2, and status indicator LED3 are connected to the three I / O pins of U3 through current-limiting resistors R4, R6, and R5, respectively. The cathodes of status indicator LED1 and status indicator LED3 are grounded, and the cathode of status indicator LED2 is connected to the I / O pin of U3. They are used to indicate the delay time for the LED lights to turn off after people leave (for example, 1, 2, or 3 lit LEDs represent different delay lengths).

[0028] The anodes of status indicator LED4, status indicator LED5, and status indicator LED6 are connected to three other I / O pins of U3 via current-limiting resistors R8, R3, and R9, respectively. The cathode of status indicator LED5 is grounded, and the cathodes of status indicator LED4 and status indicator LED6 are connected to the I / O pins of U3. They are used to indicate the sensing distance setting of the PIR infrared sensor.

[0029] 4. Implementation of the Sensing Module: The sensing module is responsible for collecting environmental information. For example... Figure 3 As shown, it includes: The light detection unit is implemented using a photodiode LED7. Its cathode is connected to an IO pin with ADC functionality on the microcontroller U3, and its anode is connected to VCC via a pull-up resistor. The stronger the ambient light, the greater the conduction of LED7, and the lower the voltage on this IO pin; conversely, in darkness, the voltage is close to VCC. U3 determines day or night by reading this voltage value.

[0030] Personnel location detection unit: Composed of three PIR (passive infrared) sensors A, B, and C. The signal outputs of the three sensors are directly connected to three independent digital I / O pins (e.g., P2.0, P2.1, P2.2) of the microcontroller U3. Each PIR sensor has a detection angle of approximately 80 degrees and a maximum detection radius of 15 meters. The three sensors are arranged at a certain angle, collectively covering a fan-shaped area of ​​approximately 240 degrees in front, with a maximum radius of 15 meters. When a person enters the detection range, the corresponding sensor outputs a high-level signal. U3 can determine the approximate location of the person based on which one or two sensors output the signal.

[0031] 5. Implementation method of motor drive module and lighting execution module: The motor drive module is used to drive the stepper motor in the lighting execution module. For example... Figure 6 As shown, it is composed of NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7. The sources of Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are grounded.

[0032] The gates of Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are connected to the four motor control pins of microcontroller U3 via resistors R20, R21, R22, and R23, respectively. U3 controls the output of specific timing pulses from these four pins to control the conduction and cutoff of Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7, thereby driving the stepper motor M to rotate forward or in reverse.

[0033] The drains of NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are connected to the phase windings of the stepper motor M in the lighting execution module via motor interface J04.

[0034] To protect the MOSFETs, the drain of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D3, the drain of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D4, the drain of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D5, and the drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D6. The cathodes of freewheeling diodes D3, D4, D5, and D6 are all connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip U5.

[0035] The low-side drive array, consisting of four NMOS transistors (Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7), is used to precisely control the two-phase stepper motor M in the lighting execution module. This design has a clear structure and is particularly suitable for stepper motors with common-anode drive windings (i.e., the common terminal or center tap of each phase winding is connected to the positive power supply).

[0036] The gates of Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are connected to the four independent motor control pins of the microcontroller U3 in the main control module through resistors R20, R21, R22, and R23, respectively.

[0037] Power terminal connection: The sources of all four NMOS transistors are connected to the system power ground (GND). The drain (D) of each NMOS transistor serves as an independent drive output terminal, which is directly connected to the four terminals (usually A+, A-, B+, B-) of the two independent windings (A phase and B phase) of the stepper motor M through the four different pins of the motor interface J04.

[0038] Protection circuit connection: A freewheeling diode is connected in reverse between the drain of each NMOS transistor and the system logic power supply. Specifically: the anode of freewheeling diode D3 is connected to the drain of Q4, the anode of freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the drain of Q5, the anode of freewheeling diode D5 is connected to the drain of Q6, and the anode of freewheeling diode D6 is connected to the drain of Q7; the cathodes of D3, D4, D5, and D6 are all connected to the 3.3V VCC line output by the voltage regulator chip U5.

[0039] Specific work process: Conduction and Current Path: The winding of stepper motor M is assumed to have its center tap connected to the positive terminal (B+) of the drive power supply. When the main controller U3 needs to excite a specific terminal (e.g., A+) of a certain phase winding, it outputs a high-level signal to the gate of the corresponding low-side NMOS transistor (Q4). Q4 turns on, and its drain (i.e., the point connected to the motor A+ terminal via J04) is pulled low to near ground potential. At this time, the current path is: positive terminal (B+) of the drive power supply, center tap of phase A winding of stepper motor M, phase A+ winding, motor interface J04, Q4 (drain to source), ground (GND). This current generates a magnetic field in the motor, driving the rotor to step.

[0040] Commutation and rotation control: By programming the timing pulses output from U3 to Q4-Q7, different NMOS transistors are turned on in a specific order, which changes the current flow and combination in each phase winding of the stepper motor, thereby precisely controlling the motor's rotation direction, angle (step angle), and speed. For example, sequentially turning on the MOS transistors connected to the A+, B+, A-, and B- terminals can achieve a complete stepping cycle.

[0041] Freewheeling and Protection: When an NMOS transistor (such as Q4) changes from on to off, the motor winding it controls will generate a reverse induced electromotive force due to its inductive characteristics. At this time, the freewheeling diode D3 connected in parallel between its drain and VCC provides a freewheeling path, releasing the energy stored in the winding, thereby effectively suppressing the voltage spike generated at the drain of the MOS transistor at the moment of turn-off and protecting Q4 from breakdown.

[0042] Collaborative work within the overall system: This low-side drive array serves as the core actuator of the main control module U3. Based on the real-time positional changes detected by the sensor modules (PIR sensors A / B / C) and the current angle of the LED light group fed back by the angle detection module (grating sensor D1), U3 calculates the target number of steps and direction required for the stepper motor to rotate. Subsequently, U3 generates a corresponding multi-channel control pulse sequence and sends it to the gates of Q4-Q7. The drive module then precisely controls the energizing timing of each winding of the stepper motor M, driving the LED light head to rotate. The angle detection module D1 then feeds back the new position information to U3 in real time, thus forming a complete "perception-decision-execution-feedback" closed-loop control system, ultimately achieving smooth, accurate, and adaptive following of the lighting direction to the movement trajectory of the person.

[0043] The lighting actuator module includes an LED light assembly, a stepper motor M, and mechanical transmission components. The LED light assembly consists of multiple light-emitting diodes connected in parallel, providing the lighting source, such as... Figure 5 As shown, a stepper motor M drives a turntable via a reduction mechanism. The code disk (or light-blocking plate) of the LED light group and the angle detection module are all fixed on this turntable and can rotate synchronously.

[0044] Implementation of the angle detection module: The angle detection module is used to provide real-time angle feedback from the lighting execution module. For example... Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment uses a through-beam photoelectric switch D1 as an angle sensor. The transmitter and receiver of D1 are fixedly mounted on the housing, and its output is connected to VCC through a pull-up resistor R1. This output is also connected to an I / O pin of the microcontroller U3. A notched code disk (or a single light-blocking plate) is mounted on the rotating shaft of the lighting execution module. When the shaft rotates and the physical part of the code disk is in the optical path of D1, the receiver cannot receive light, and the output is high. When the notch (or light-blocking gap) passes through the optical path, the output is pulled low. U3 can calculate the rotation angle by detecting the number of level changes of this pin, and perform angle calibration and reset through a specific notch position (such as the "centering" position).

[0045] Implementation methods of LED brightness adjustment modules: such as Figure 5 As shown, to achieve adjustable light brightness, an LED brightness adjustment module is added to the circuit. This module includes three switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 connected in parallel. The controlled terminals (gate or base) of these three switches (which can be MOSFETs or transistors) are connected to an IO pin of the microcontroller U3 that supports PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. Their main current paths (drain-source or collector-emitter) are connected in series between the positive output terminal B+ of the energy storage battery and the positive input terminal of the LED assembly.

[0046] When the user adjusts the brightness using the mode key S1 on the human-machine interface module, the microcontroller U3 changes the duty cycle of its PWM output pin. A larger duty cycle means Q1, Q2, and Q3 are on for a longer period within a cycle, resulting in a larger average current flowing through the LED group and brighter light; conversely, a smaller duty cycle results in dimmer light. This PWM dimming method achieves stepless or stepped brightness adjustment.

[0047] Example 3 Based on Example 2, this example further explains the working principle of the lighting circuit. The operation of this circuit system is a dynamic, closed-loop control process, and its working principle can be broken down in detail as follows: 1. Power-on initialization and mode determination: After the system is powered on, the voltage regulator module U5 outputs a stable 3.3V VCC voltage, and the main control module microcontroller U3 begins operation. U3 first reads the voltage level of the ADC pin where the photodiode LED7 is located. This voltage value is inversely proportional to the ambient light intensity. The internal program of U3 presets a light intensity threshold. If the read value is higher than the threshold, it is determined to be in night mode; if it is lower than the threshold, it is determined to be in day mode.

[0048] 2. Daytime mode workflow: In daytime mode, the system primarily performs charging and low-power monitoring functions.

[0049] Charging Management: The photovoltaic panel generates electricity, and the output voltage charges the energy storage batteries BT1 and BT2 through the reverse connection protection diode D2. Charging management chips U1 and U2 independently monitor the voltages of BT2 and BT1, respectively. When the voltage of any cell reaches its set cutoff voltage (typically 4.2V), the corresponding management chip will turn off its internal switch, stopping charging that cell and achieving precise overcharge protection. Charging will resume only after the voltage drops, ensuring battery safety.

[0050] Main control status: After U3 determines that it is daytime, it can shut down or significantly reduce the power supply to the PIR sensor circuit, motor drive circuit and LED lighting circuit (which can be controlled by the enable pin), and only maintain basic functions such as key scanning and photosensitive detection, so that the system enters a low power consumption state and saves energy to the maximum extent.

[0051] 3. Night mode and intelligent tracking workflow: When the U3 detects a decrease in ambient light and enters night mode, the system is fully activated, and its intelligent tracking lighting process is as follows: Environmental monitoring: U3 continuously monitors the signal output terminals of three PIR infrared sensors A, B, and C. At the same time, it continuously reads the current angular position of the lighting execution module through the grating sensor D1 (for example, the "centering" position is defined as 0 degrees, the left side is a negative angle, and the right side is a positive angle).

[0052] Target detection and orientation calculation: When a person enters the detection area, assuming sensor B (80 degrees directly in front) is triggered, the corresponding IO pin of U3 will receive a high pulse signal. U3 immediately records this event and performs a logical judgment based on the angle fed back by the current grating sensor D1. For example, if the angle fed back by D1 is -30 degrees (the light is deflected 30 degrees to the left), and the person is directly in front (sensor B), then U3 calculates that the stepper motor needs to be controlled to rotate approximately 30 degrees to the right.

[0053] Closed-loop control and dynamic tracking: U3 sends a pulse sequence to Q4-Q7 of the motor drive module through its motor control pin, driving the stepper motor M to rotate precisely. During rotation, D1 provides real-time feedback on angle changes. When the angle value fed back by D1 reaches the target angle, U3 stops sending pulses, and the LED light group stably illuminates the person's current position. If the person moves from sensor B to sensor A, U3 will detect that sensor A has been triggered and the signal from sensor B has disappeared, thereby immediately calculating the new target orientation and controlling the motor to rotate again, achieving smooth and continuous tracking of the illumination spot.

[0054] Target Loss and Reset: When all PIR sensors fail to register a signal within a preset "delay time" (set via S3), U3 determines that the person has left. At this time, U3 will control the motor drive module to rotate the LED light group back to the "center" position (0 degrees) defined by D1, then turn off the PWM output of the LED light group (Q1-Q3 are turned off), the lighting will be extinguished, and the system will return to standby monitoring state, waiting for the next person.

[0055] 4. Real-time response in human-computer interaction: Users can intervene in the system's behavior at any time via the button panel. For example, pressing the mode key S1 will cycle through different brightness levels and change the PWM output duty cycle, adjusting the LED brightness via Q1-Q3, while simultaneously displaying the current level using LED1-LED3. Pressing the sensing key S2 will adjust the internal threshold or algorithm parameters for determining the validity of the PIR signal, enabling "near, medium, and far" sensing distance adjustment, indicated by LED4-LED6. These settings are typically stored in the U3's internal non-volatile memory and are not lost when power is off.

[0056] This circuit design utilizes photovoltaic power generation and energy storage to achieve completely off-grid operation of the lighting system, eliminating the need for an external power source. It is particularly suitable for scenarios such as courtyards, corridors, campsites, and warehouse perimeters where there is no mains power, and has significant environmental and economic benefits.

[0057] This solution achieves intelligent and highly practical tracking lighting. Through a closed-loop control strategy combining multi-PIR sensor collaborative positioning and grating angle feedback, it enables the lighting direction to actively, accurately, and smoothly follow the movement trajectory of personnel. Compared to common sensor lights on the market that only have a trigger-activated lighting function, this solution provides a superior "lights wherever you go" experience, greatly improving the safety and convenience of nighttime activities. It is especially suitable for scenarios involving movement over a large area, such as courtyard patrols and nighttime goods handling.

[0058] The flexible and customizable user interface allows users to freely adjust brightness, sensing range, and delay time according to their personal habits and usage scenarios. This customizability enables the same product to adapt to a variety of diverse needs, from residential corridors requiring quiet and energy-efficient lighting to security patrol routes requiring continuous bright illumination, thus enhancing the product's market versatility and user satisfaction.

[0059] High system integration and strong reliability: The entire circuit highly integrates energy harvesting, energy storage management, environmental sensing, motion control, and human-machine interaction. Clear modular design and closed-loop control logic improve system stability and reliability. For example, the presence of the grating sensor D1 not only enables tracking but also ensures that the starting and resetting points of each action are accurate, avoiding the cumulative errors caused by lost motor steps in open-loop control.

[0060] To more clearly illustrate the implementation method, the pin signals and functions of the core chip in this embodiment are illustrated below with reference to the circuit diagram. However, this is not limited to this one example and is only provided for illustrative purposes: Main control chip U3: Pin P1.0 (ADC input): Connect to the cathode of photodiode LED7 to acquire analog voltage signals (e.g., 0.5V during the day, 3.0V at night).

[0061] Pins P2.0, P2.1, and P2.2 (digital inputs): Connect to the output terminals of PIR sensors A, B, and C, respectively. Normally, they are low (0V), switching to high (3.3V) when a person is detected.

[0062] Pin P1.5 (digital input): Connects to the output terminal of the grating sensor D1. It is high (3.3V) when the code disk blocks light and low (0V) when light is transmitted.

[0063] Pins P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, and P3.3 (digital outputs): These serve as motor control pins and are connected to the gates of transistors Q4-Q7 via resistors R20-R23, respectively. A high-level output (3.3V) drives the corresponding transistors to conduct.

[0064] Pin P1.7 (PWM output): Connected to the controlled terminal of LED brightness adjustment module Q1-Q3. Outputs a square wave signal with a fixed frequency (e.g., 1kHz) and an adjustable duty cycle (0%-100%) for dimming.

[0065] Charging management chips U1 and U2: For example, XB5356A. Its VIN pin is connected to V+, and its OUT pin is connected to the corresponding negative terminal of the battery. When the voltage at the OUT pin (i.e., the battery voltage) rises to 4.2V, the internal switch of the chip turns off, the impedance between VIN and OUT increases, and the charging current is cut off. When the voltage drops to around 4.0V, charging is restarted. The PROG pin can be used to set the constant current charging current via an external resistor.

[0066] Voltage regulator chip U5: such as D7533. The VIN pin is connected (range approximately 4V-6V, from photovoltaic panel or battery), the GND pin is grounded, and the VOUT pin outputs a stable 3.3V VCC voltage to power U3 and all digital circuits.

[0067] Through-beam photoelectric switch D1: Its output is an open-collector (OC) gate. When the light path is blocked, the internal transistor is cut off, and the output is pulled high (VCC) by the pull-up resistor R1. When the light path is unobstructed, the internal transistor is turned on, and the output is pulled low (close to 0V). This change in high and low level is captured by U3 and used for counting and positioning.

[0068] The above examples illustrate the electrical signals of each key node. Combined with the description of the connection relationships of each module above, this enables those skilled in the art to fully understand and reproduce this technical solution.

[0069] In summary, the technical solutions in Examples 1-3 achieve the following effects: By deploying three PIR infrared sensors (A, B, and C) to cover a 240-degree fan-shaped area, and combining this with real-time feedback of the absolute angle of the LED light group from the grating sensor D1, the main control chip U3 can accurately calculate the deviation between the person's position and the current angle of the light head. This is then compensated by driving the stepper motor M through a drive circuit composed of Q4-Q7. This multi-sensor collaborative detection + angle feedback closed-loop circuit design ensures that the illumination spot can smoothly and accurately point continuously at moving personnel, solving the blind spot problem caused by fixed lighting.

[0070] By setting independent mode keys S1, sensing keys S2, and time keys S3, and using LEDs 1-LED6 as status indicators, users can directly adjust the PWM dimming brightness, sensing distance, and delay time after a person leaves the device. This allows the same hardware to be flexibly adapted to various scenarios, such as corridor energy-saving lighting requiring low brightness and long sensing distance, or security lighting requiring high brightness and long-distance sensing, through different parameter configurations.

[0071] A highly reliable, self-managed off-grid power supply system was constructed: the charging management circuit uses two chips, U1 and U2, to independently monitor the voltage of individual cells BT1 and BT2 in the series-connected battery pack, achieving precise independent overcharge protection and improving the safety and lifespan of the battery pack. The voltage regulator chip U5 ensures that the control circuit always receives a stable 3.3V power supply when the photovoltaic panel voltage fluctuates or the battery voltage drops. The entire system requires no external power supply, achieving true energy self-sufficiency and stable operation.

[0072] The system's accuracy and resettibility are ensured: By utilizing the through-beam photoelectric switch D1 in conjunction with the fixed light stop on the rotating shaft, the circuit not only provides real-time angle feedback during tracking but also drives the lamp head to precisely return to the physically defined zero-point position after each person leaves. This eliminates the cumulative errors that may exist in open-loop stepping control, ensuring that the starting reference point for each tracking action is absolutely accurate, and improving the long-term reliability of the system.

[0073] The above-described embodiments are detailed and specific, illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention. They are only used to illustrate the technical ideas and features of the present invention, with the aim of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, they are not limited to the present invention, and the patent scope of the present invention cannot be limited by this embodiment alone. That is, any equivalent changes or modifications made to the spirit disclosed in the present invention, without departing from the structure of the present invention, such as local improvements within the system and modifications or transformations between subsystems, are still within the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit that tracks the movement of people at night, wherein the circuit is powered by an external photovoltaic module and has a positive output terminal V+ and a negative output terminal V-, characterized in that, Also includes: The charging management module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module; An energy storage battery is connected to the charging management module, and the energy storage battery includes cell BT1 and cell BT2. A voltage regulator module, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module and the output terminal of the energy storage battery, is used to provide a stable operating voltage VCC; The main control module is powered by the operating voltage VCC output from the voltage regulator module; The sensing module is connected to the main control module; The human-computer interaction module is connected to the main control module; The motor drive module is connected to the main control module; A lighting execution module is connected to the motor drive module; An angle detection module is installed on the lighting execution module and connected to the main control module.

2. The photovoltaic-powered intelligent nighttime tracking lighting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging management module includes a first lithium battery management chip U1 and a second lithium battery management chip U2; the first lithium battery management chip U1 and the battery cell BT2 are connected in series to form a first charging branch, and the second lithium battery management chip U2 and the battery cell BT1 are connected in series to form a second charging branch. The first charging branch and the second charging branch are connected in parallel and then connected between the negative output terminal V- of the photovoltaic power generation module and the negative terminal of the energy storage battery.

3. The photovoltaic-powered intelligent nighttime tracking lighting circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charging management module also includes a reverse connection protection diode D2, the anode of which is connected to the positive output terminal V+ of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery.

4. The photovoltaic-powered intelligent nighttime tracking lighting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module is an LDO voltage regulator chip U5, which is used to convert the input voltage into a stable 3.3V voltage VCC to power the main control module.

5. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, The human-computer interaction module includes: Mode button S1, sensing distance setting button S2, and delay time setting button S3 are provided. One end of mode button S1, both ends of sensing distance setting button S2, and one end of delay time setting button S3 are respectively connected to different input / output pins of the main control module. The other ends of mode button S1 and delay time setting button S3 are grounded. The anodes of status indicator LED1, status indicator LED2, and status indicator LED3 are connected to the input / output pins of the main control module through current-limiting resistors R4, R6, and R5, respectively, to indicate the delayed shutdown time. The anodes of status indicator LED4, status indicator LED5, and status indicator LED6 are connected to the input / output pins of the main control module through current-limiting resistors R8, R3, and R9, respectively, to indicate the sensing distance.

6. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, The sensing module includes: The photodiode LED7 has its cathode connected to the input / output pin of the main control module, which has analog-to-digital conversion function, via a pull-up resistor. PIR infrared sensors A, B, and C have their signal output terminals connected to three different input / output pins of the main control module, and their detection ranges collectively cover a 240-degree area.

7. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, The motor drive module includes NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7. The gate of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the first motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R20; the gate of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the second motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R21; the gate of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the third motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R22; and the gate of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the fourth motor control pin of the main control module through resistor R23. The drains of NMOS transistors Q4, Q5, Q6, and Q7 are connected to the phase windings of the stepper motor M in the lighting execution module through motor interface J04.

8. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that, The drain of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D3, the drain of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D4, the drain of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D5, and the drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the anode of freewheeling diode D6. The cathodes of freewheeling diodes D3, D4, D5, and D6 are all connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip U5.

9. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that, The angle detection module is a through-beam photoelectric switch D1. The output terminal of the through-beam photoelectric switch D1 is connected to the working voltage VCC through a resistor R1, and is connected to the input / output pin of the main control module through a signal line. The rotating shaft of the lighting execution module is equipped with a code disk or light-blocking plate that cooperates with the through-beam photoelectric switch D1.

10. A photovoltaic-powered intelligent lighting circuit for following the movement trajectory of people at night, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an LED brightness adjustment module, which includes three switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 connected in parallel. The controlled terminals of the switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 are all connected to the PWM signal output terminal of the main control module. The main current path of the switches Q1, Q2, and Q3 is connected in series between the positive output terminal B of the energy storage battery and the input terminal of the LED group in the lighting execution module.

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