A concrete anti-cracking waterproof construction method suitable for coastal areas

Abstract

The application discloses a concrete anti-cracking waterproof construction method suitable for coastal areas and relates to the technical field of building engineering, which comprises the following steps: S1, base layer treatment: cleaning and pretreating the surface of a concrete base layer to ensure that the surface of the base layer is flat, solid and oil-free; and S2, microcapsule self-repairing layer construction: coating a microcapsule self-repairing material on the surface of the base layer to form a microcapsule self-repairing layer, wherein the microcapsule self-repairing material comprises microcapsules with a core-shell structure, the core material is an epoxy resin repairing agent, and the shell material is a urea-formaldehyde resin. The application is specially adapted to the environmental characteristics of high salt, high humidity and high temperature in coastal areas, an anti-cracking, waterproof and self-repairing integrated system is constructed through multiple processes, the microcapsule self-repairing layer can automatically release a repairing agent when a crack is generated, self-repairing of the crack is realized, the temperature is adjusted by phase change material microcapsules, and generation of temperature cracks is reduced; the waterproof reliability is improved, and the application has wide engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically a method for constructing crack-resistant and waterproof concrete suitable for coastal areas. Background Technology

[0002] Coastal areas are characterized by high salinity, high humidity, and high temperature, and are also frequently affected by natural factors such as tides and sea breeze erosion, placing extremely high demands on the crack resistance, waterproofing, and durability of concrete structures. Currently, traditional crack-resistant and waterproofing construction methods used in coastal concrete structure construction generally suffer from insufficient adaptability and are unable to withstand the erosion of complex environments.

[0003] In traditional construction methods, concrete substrates are prone to shrinkage cracks due to temperature changes and humidity fluctuations. Once cracks form, the high salinity and humidity of coastal areas allow moisture to seep into the structure, leading to steel corrosion and concrete weathering, further exacerbating crack expansion and reducing the structure's service life. Existing waterproofing methods often use single coatings or rolls, which have poor synergy between crack resistance and waterproofing, easily resulting in problems such as roll detachment and coating cracking, leading to insufficient waterproofing reliability. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective crack monitoring and self-healing mechanisms, meaning that cracks cannot be detected and repaired in a timely manner after they appear, ultimately leading to structural leakage and damage.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional construction methods do not fully consider the limitations of the high-temperature and high-humidity construction environment in coastal areas, making it difficult to control construction quality. They also lack systematic quality control and intelligent monitoring methods, making it impossible to monitor the structural operating status in real time and achieve early warning of potential hazards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a concrete construction method adapted to the coastal environment, possessing crack resistance, waterproofing, self-healing, and intelligent monitoring functions to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method suitable for coastal areas, solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for constructing crack-resistant and waterproof concrete suitable for coastal areas includes the following steps: S1 Base Treatment: Clean and pre-treat the concrete base surface to ensure that the base surface is flat, firm, and free of oil stains; S2 Microcapsule Self-Healing Layer Construction: Apply microcapsule self-healing material to the base surface to form a microcapsule self-healing layer. The microcapsule self-healing material contains microcapsules with a core-shell structure. The core material is an epoxy resin repair agent, and the shell material is urea-formaldehyde resin. The microcapsule particle size is 10-50μm. S3 crack-resistant layer construction: Crack-resistant mesh is laid on the microcapsule self-healing layer and crack-resistant mortar is applied to form a crack-resistant layer; S4 waterproof layer construction: Apply waterproof coating on crack-resistant layer and lay waterproof membrane to form composite waterproof layer; S5 Protective Layer Construction: A protective layer is constructed on the waterproof layer, which includes a protective membrane and a concrete protective layer; S6 Intelligent Monitoring System Installation: Distributed fiber optic sensors are embedded in the protective layer to establish a real-time monitoring system; S7 Curing Treatment: Curing the completed concrete structure to ensure that each layer of material is fully cured.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the amount of microcapsule self-healing material used in step S2 is 1.5-3.0 kg / m², and the coating thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm, to ensure that the self-healing layer uniformly covers the base layer, has sufficient self-healing ability, and is suitable for the environmental characteristics of coastal areas where cracks are prone to occur.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the microcapsule self-healing material in step S2 further includes phase change material microcapsules. The phase change material is a paraffin-based phase change material with a phase change temperature of 25-30°C. The heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material can be used to adjust the surface temperature of the concrete structure, reduce the generation of temperature stress, further reduce the probability of crack formation, and adapt to the high-temperature environment in coastal areas.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crack-resistant mesh cloth mentioned in step S3 is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth with a mesh size of 5mm×5mm. It has excellent alkali resistance and tensile strength and can effectively disperse structural stress. The crack-resistant mortar contains nano-silica at a dosage of 3-5% of the cement weight, which can improve the density and strength of the crack-resistant mortar, enhance the crack resistance and erosion resistance of the crack-resistant layer, and resist the corrosion of the high-salt coastal environment.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the waterproof coating in step S4 is a polymer cement-based waterproof coating, and the waterproof membrane is a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane. The two form a composite waterproof system. The polymer cement-based waterproof coating is firmly bonded to the base layer and the crack-resistant layer. The polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane has excellent waterproof, weather-resistant and salt corrosion-resistant properties. The synergistic effect achieves double waterproofing and prevents the penetration of high humidity and high salt water vapor in coastal areas.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the distributed optical fiber sensors in step S6 are arranged in a grid pattern with a sensor spacing of 0.5-1.0m. The monitoring system can monitor cracks, temperature and stress changes in real time, and can quickly capture tiny cracks in concrete structures and environmental changes, providing data support for early warning of potential hazards.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the intelligent monitoring system also includes a cloud platform and a mobile terminal. The monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly to the cloud platform to realize remote real-time monitoring and early warning. Staff can view the monitoring data at any time through the mobile terminal, deal with structural hidden dangers in a timely manner, and improve the convenience of post-construction structural operation and maintenance.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the curing treatment in step S7 includes wet curing and sealed curing, with a curing time of 7-14 days. During the curing period, the surface is kept moist, which is suitable for the high temperature and high evaporation environment of coastal areas, ensuring that each layer of material is fully cured and improving the crack resistance and waterproof performance of the structure.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the construction method is suitable for the high-salt, high-humidity, and high-temperature environment in coastal areas. The construction temperature range is 5-35℃, and the relative humidity is ≤85%. The construction environment parameters are strictly controlled to ensure stable construction quality and adapt to the variable construction environment in coastal areas.

[0015] This invention has the following advantages: It is specifically designed for the high-salt, high-humidity, and high-temperature environments of coastal areas. Through multi-process collaborative construction, it integrates crack resistance, waterproofing, and self-healing. The microcapsule self-healing layer automatically releases a repair agent when cracks occur, achieving self-repair. Combined with phase change material microcapsules, it regulates temperature and reduces temperature-induced cracking. The crack-resistant layer and the composite waterproofing layer work synergistically to resist cracks caused by structural stress and effectively block the penetration of high-salt, high-humidity water vapor, improving waterproofing reliability. The intelligent monitoring system can monitor structural cracks, temperature, and stress changes in real time, and combined with a cloud platform and mobile terminals, it enables remote early warning, facilitating timely handling of potential hazards. It is adapted to the construction environment limitations of coastal areas and has broad engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A construction flowchart for a concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0019] In its implementation, this invention strictly follows the construction steps described in the claims, taking into account the high salinity, high humidity, and high temperature characteristics of coastal areas, controlling the parameters of each process to ensure construction quality. The overall construction focuses on "integrated crack resistance, waterproofing, and self-repair," while also considering intelligent monitoring and quality control. It adapts to the natural environmental influences of coastal areas, such as tides and sea breeze erosion, and can be widely applied to the construction of various concrete structures, including concrete roofs, walls, and foundations, in coastal areas. The following three specific embodiments, combined with different construction scenarios, provide detailed explanations of the construction details of this invention. The parameters in each embodiment can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual construction environment and structural type, all achieving excellent crack resistance and waterproofing effects. Specific implementation details are as follows: Example 1

[0020] This example is applicable to the construction of a concrete building roof in a coastal area. The ambient temperature during construction is 20℃ and the relative humidity is 75%. The construction should be carried out strictly according to the following steps: S1 Base Treatment: Thoroughly clean the concrete base surface, remove surface laitance, debris, and oil stains. Use a grinder to grind the base surface to ensure that it is flat and firm, with a flatness error controlled within 3mm, and without any looseness or hollowness. After cleaning, rinse with clean water and let it dry for later use.

[0021] S2 Microcapsule Self-Healing Layer Construction: Prepare the microcapsule self-healing material, which includes core-shell structured microcapsules and phase change material microcapsules. The core material of the core-shell structured microcapsules is an epoxy resin repair agent, and the shell material is urea-formaldehyde resin. The microcapsule particle size is controlled between 10-50 μm. The phase change material of the phase change material microcapsules is a paraffin-based phase change material with a phase change temperature of 28℃. Apply the prepared microcapsule self-healing material evenly to the substrate surface using a coating machine, controlling the dosage at 2.0 kg / m² and the coating thickness at 1.0 mm. After coating, allow it to stand for 2 hours to ensure initial material formation.

[0022] S3 Crack-Resistant Layer Construction: Alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh with a mesh size of 5mm × 5mm is selected and laid flat on the surface of the microcapsule self-healing layer. The overlap width of the mesh is 100mm, and the overlap is compacted with crack-resistant mortar. Crack-resistant mortar is prepared by adding nano-silica to the mortar at a dosage of 4% of the cement weight. The crack-resistant mortar is then evenly applied to the surface of the mesh, with a coating thickness of 5mm, forming a crack-resistant layer. It is ensured that the mesh is completely encased in the crack-resistant mortar with no exposed areas.

[0023] S4 Waterproofing Layer Construction: After the crack-resistant layer has cured to 70% of its strength, apply a polymer cement-based waterproof coating to its surface. The coating thickness is 1.5mm, and the coating should be even and without any omissions. After the waterproof coating has cured, lay a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane with an overlap width of 80mm. The overlap is compacted with a self-adhesive layer to ensure a tight seal, forming a composite waterproof layer that resists the penetration of high-salt and high-humidity water vapor.

[0024] S5 Protective Layer Construction: A protective film is laid on the surface of the composite waterproof layer. The protective film is made of polyethylene film and is laid flat and undamaged. Then, a concrete protective layer is poured. The concrete strength grade is C20 and the thickness is 20mm. After pouring, it is smoothed with a trowel to ensure that the surface is flat.

[0025] S6 Intelligent Monitoring System Installation: During the concrete protective layer pouring process, distributed fiber optic sensors are embedded in the layer in a grid pattern with a sensor spacing of 0.8m to ensure uniform sensor arrangement and tight integration with the protective layer; the sensors are connected to the data acquisition module to establish a real-time monitoring system. This system also includes a cloud platform and mobile terminals. Monitoring data is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform to achieve remote real-time monitoring and early warning.

[0026] S7 Curing Treatment: The completed concrete structure shall be wet-cured and sealed for 10 days. During the curing period, the surface shall be kept moist by sprinkling water, and direct sunlight and wind shall be avoided to ensure that each layer of material is fully cured.

[0027] Meanwhile, quality control steps are implemented throughout the construction process. When materials arrive on site, the salt and moisture resistance of microcapsule self-healing materials, waterproof coatings, and waterproof membranes are tested. During construction, the thickness of each coating layer and the quality of laying are tested. After construction is completed, acceptance testing is carried out to ensure that the construction quality meets the design requirements. Example 2

[0028] This embodiment is applicable to the construction of a concrete wall in a coastal area. The ambient temperature during construction is 15℃ and the relative humidity is 80%. The construction steps are basically the same as in Embodiment 1, with the following differences: In step S2, the amount of microcapsule self-healing material used is 1.5 kg / m², the coating thickness is 0.5 mm, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material microcapsules is 25 °C; in step S3, the amount of nano-silica in the crack-resistant mortar is 3% of the cement weight; in step S4, the coating thickness of the waterproof coating is 1.2 mm; in step S6, the spacing of the distributed optical fiber sensors is 0.5 m; in step S7, the curing time is 7 days.

[0029] After construction, the wall cracks, temperature, and stress changes are monitored in real time through an intelligent monitoring system. The microcapsule self-healing layer can repair tiny cracks in a timely manner, the composite waterproof layer effectively blocks sea breeze and water vapor penetration, and the crack-resistant layer effectively resists cracks caused by temperature stress. It is suitable for coastal high-humidity and high-salt environments and has good structural stability. Example 3

[0030] This embodiment is applicable to the construction of a concrete foundation in a coastal area. The ambient temperature during construction is 30℃ and the relative humidity is 85%. The construction steps are basically the same as in Embodiment 1, with the following differences: In step S2, the amount of microcapsule self-healing material used is 3.0 kg / m², the coating thickness is 1.5 mm, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material microcapsules is 30℃; in step S3, the amount of nano-silica in the crack-resistant mortar is 5% of the cement weight; in step S4, the coating thickness of the waterproof coating is 1.8 mm; in step S6, the spacing of the distributed optical fiber sensors is 1.0 m; in step S7, the curing time is 14 days.

[0031] During construction, the temperature and humidity are strictly controlled to avoid the impact of high temperature and high humidity on the construction quality. The quality control steps focus on testing the high temperature resistance and salt corrosion resistance of the materials. After construction, the structure has good crack resistance, waterproofing and self-repairing capabilities, which can effectively resist the erosion of tides and sea winds in coastal areas and extend its service life.

[0032] During the implementation of this invention, Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing crack-resistant and waterproof concrete suitable for coastal areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Base Treatment: Clean and pre-treat the concrete base surface to ensure that the base surface is flat, firm, and free of oil stains; S2 Microcapsule Self-Healing Layer Construction: Apply microcapsule self-healing material to the base surface to form a microcapsule self-healing layer. The microcapsule self-healing material contains microcapsules with a core-shell structure. The core material is an epoxy resin repair agent, and the shell material is urea-formaldehyde resin. The microcapsule particle size is 10-50μm. S3 crack-resistant layer construction: Crack-resistant mesh is laid on the microcapsule self-healing layer and crack-resistant mortar is applied to form a crack-resistant layer; S4 waterproof layer construction: Apply waterproof coating on crack-resistant layer and lay waterproof membrane to form composite waterproof layer; S5 Protective Layer Construction: A protective layer is constructed on the waterproof layer, which includes a protective membrane and a concrete protective layer; S6 Intelligent Monitoring System Installation: Distributed fiber optic sensors are embedded in the protective layer to establish a real-time monitoring system; S7 Curing Treatment: Curing the completed concrete structure to ensure that each layer of material is fully cured.

2. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of microcapsule self-healing material used in step S2 is 1.5-3.0 kg / m², and the coating thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm.

3. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcapsule self-healing material mentioned in step S2 also includes phase change material microcapsules, wherein the phase change material is a paraffin-based phase change material with a phase change temperature of 25-30℃.

4. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crack-resistant mesh fabric mentioned in step S3 is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh fabric with a mesh size of 5mm×5mm. The crack-resistant mortar contains nano-silica, with an admixture amount of 3-5% of the cement weight.

5. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof coating mentioned in step S4 is a polymer cement-based waterproof coating, and the waterproof membrane is a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane, which together form a composite waterproof system.

6. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed fiber optic sensors mentioned in step S6 are arranged in a grid pattern with a sensor spacing of 0.5-1.0m. The monitoring system can monitor cracks, temperature, and stress changes in real time.

7. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring system also includes a cloud platform and mobile terminals. Monitoring data is transmitted wirelessly to the cloud platform to achieve remote real-time monitoring and early warning.

8. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintenance treatment described in step S7 includes wet maintenance and sealed maintenance, with a maintenance time of 7-14 days, during which the surface is kept moist.

9. The concrete crack-resistant and waterproof construction method applicable to coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction method described is suitable for high-salt, high-humidity, and high-temperature environments in coastal areas, with a construction temperature range of 5-35℃ and relative humidity ≤85%.

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