A deep-sea geological column sampling system

Abstract

The application relates to the field of deep-sea geological exploration, in particular to a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system. The control logic of the control module is as follows: if the received resistance signal is lower than a first preset threshold value, the vacuum negative pressure system is controlled to operate at a preset basic power; if the resistance signal reaches the first preset threshold value or is between the first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value, the output power of the vacuum negative pressure system is dynamically increased according to the value of the resistance signal; and if the resistance signal reaches or is higher than the second preset threshold value, a closing instruction is sent to the vacuum negative pressure system. The application improves the defects that the existing penetration kinetic energy is insufficient, the penetration depth is shallow, the sample is shortened, sampling fails, part of the improvement scheme introduces a piston to form a negative pressure in the tube, but the negative pressure strength is limited, the action time is short, and the real-time sensing and self-adaptive adjustment ability of the penetration resistance is lacked, so that the high-efficiency and controllable sampling in the medium-hard sediment layer cannot be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of deep-sea geological exploration, and in particular to a deep-sea geological column sampling system. Background Technology

[0002] Obtaining high-quality, undisturbed, undisturbed core samples of seabed sediments is fundamental to research in marine geology, paleoceanography, environmental geochemistry, and seabed engineering. Currently, mainstream sampling techniques include gravity samplers, piston samplers, vibration sampling, and deep-sea drilling. Among these, gravity samplers are widely used due to their simple structure, ease of operation, and low cost. However, traditional gravity samplers rely primarily on penetration kinetic energy to overcome tube wall friction and sediment end resistance. When encountering sandy layers, hard clay, or calcareous cemented layers, they often experience penetration difficulties, sample shortening, or even sampling failure.

[0003] Current sampling equipment employs various methods to improve sampling capacity, including adding counterweights, optimizing pipe wall friction reduction design, and introducing pistons to create negative pressure inside the pipe. However, these methods often suffer from limitations such as limited negative pressure intensity, short operating time, or insufficient control precision.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that the existing technologies suffer from insufficient penetration kinetic energy, resulting in shallow penetration depth, sample shortening, or even sampling failure. Some improved solutions introduce pistons to form negative pressure inside the tube, but the negative pressure intensity is limited, the duration of action is short, and there is a lack of real-time sensing and adaptive adjustment capability for penetration resistance, making it difficult to achieve efficient and controllable sampling in medium-hard deposition layers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as insufficient penetration kinetic energy leading to shallow penetration depth, sample shortening, or even sampling failure, some improved solutions introduce pistons to create negative pressure inside the tube. However, the negative pressure intensity is limited, the duration of action is short, and there is a lack of real-time sensing and adaptive adjustment of penetration resistance, making it difficult to achieve efficient and controllable sampling in medium-hard sedimentary layers. This application provides a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system.

[0006] The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A deep-sea geological column sampling system includes: A penetration body is provided, and a penetration cavity is provided within the penetration body; A sampling tube is disposed in the penetration cavity. The sampling tube has a receiving cavity for accommodating the sample. The bottom opening of the sampling tube extends out of the penetration body and communicates with the pressure-resistant storage chamber. A cutting head is located at the bottom of the sampling tube. The cutting head is provided with a sampling port that communicates with the receiving cavity. The cutting head is used to penetrate deep-sea geology. The vacuum negative pressure system includes a suction end and a discharge end, wherein the suction end is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity and the discharge end is connected to the pressure-resistant storage chamber; A check valve is installed between the cutting head and the sampling tube to prevent the sample from slipping out of the accommodating cavity when the sampling tube is retrieved. A mechanical sensor is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the penetrating body, and the mechanical sensor is at a distance from the bottom of the cutting head along the penetrating direction. The mechanical sensor is used to output a resistance signal when it is squeezed by the mud surface as it sinks into the sediment and contacts the seabed mud surface with the penetrating body. The control module is communicatively connected to both the vacuum negative pressure system and the mechanical sensor. The control logic of the control module is as follows: If the received resistance signal is lower than the first preset threshold, the vacuum negative pressure system is controlled to operate at a preset base power. If the resistance signal reaches the first preset threshold or is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the output power of the vacuum negative pressure system is dynamically increased according to the value of the resistance signal. If the resistance signal reaches or exceeds the second preset threshold, a shutdown command is sent to the vacuum negative pressure system.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, after the sampling system is lowered to the seabed, the cutting head first penetrates the sediment. Under the action of gravity, the sampling system penetrates downwards, and the check valve opens to allow the sample to enter the receiving cavity of the sampling tube. When the resistance signal received by the control module is lower than the first preset threshold, it indicates that the sediment layer resistance is small or has not yet reached the bottom. At this time, the control module instructs the vacuum negative pressure system to start suction, actively reducing the pressure in the receiving cavity and forming an upward auxiliary traction force at the top of the sampling tube, thereby reducing the friction between the tube wall and the sediment and the end resistance. If the resistance signal reaches the first preset threshold or is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the output power of the vacuum negative pressure system is dynamically increased according to the value of the resistance signal.

[0008] If the resistance signal reaches or exceeds the second preset threshold, a shutdown command is sent to the vacuum negative pressure system, indicating that the sampling tube has reached the target depth or encountered an impenetrable hard layer. The control module then commands the vacuum negative pressure system to shut down to avoid excessive suction causing disturbance to the sample. This adaptive start-stop control based on the resistance signal improves upon the problems of traditional samplers, such as difficulty penetrating hard layers and improper timing of negative pressure application, thereby increasing the sampling success rate and sample fidelity.

[0009] Preferably, the vacuum negative pressure system includes: The piston pre-suction mechanism includes a driving component and a piston body. The piston body is disposed in the penetration cavity and is used to create an initial negative pressure in the penetration cavity. The vacuum pump suction mechanism, which is connected to the receiving cavity, is used to create a negative pressure environment for the receiving cavity; The outer wall of the sampling tube is provided with a one-way valve that connects the receiving cavity and the penetration cavity. The one-way valve is used to restrict the flow from the penetration cavity to the receiving cavity.

[0010] The control module is electrically connected to the vacuum negative pressure system and the vacuum pump respectively; the control logic of the control module for the vacuum negative pressure system is configured as follows: first, control the driving component to drive the piston body to slide upward along the sampling tube body a predetermined distance, so that the penetration cavity forms an initial negative pressure; Then, the vacuum pump suction mechanism is controlled to continuously extract fluid from the internal chamber in order to increase and stabilize the negative pressure in the internal chamber.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the vacuum negative pressure system employs a two-stage coordinated working mode of piston pre-suction and vacuum pump active suction. First, the control module drives the piston body to slide, instantly expanding the volume of the closed chamber mechanically and rapidly establishing an initial negative pressure within the cavity. This initial negative pressure can quickly overcome the static frictional resistance between the tube wall and the deposits during the initial penetration stage, as well as the resistance of the end deposits, facilitating the smooth initiation of the sampling tube's penetration.

[0012] Subsequently, the control module activates the vacuum pump, continuously extracting residual fluid from the internal chamber of the sampling tube through the air inlet and one-way valve and discharging it outwards. This further increases the negative pressure and maintains it at a preset stable level, creating a continuous auxiliary traction force. Through the coordinated timing of these two stages of suction, the piston pre-suction achieves rapid establishment of negative pressure on the one hand, while the continuous operation of the vacuum pump compensates for the insufficient decrease in negative pressure due to piston suction as the stroke progresses. This improves upon the limitations of traditional single-piston negative pressure systems, which suffer from limited intensity and short duration of action. It provides a stable and controllable strong negative pressure environment for the continuous penetration of the sampling tube into medium-hard sedimentary layers such as sandy layers and hard clay.

[0013] Preferably, the driving component is disposed at the top of the penetrating body, and the output end extends into the penetrating cavity and connects to the piston body. The piston body is sealed and slidably disposed in the penetrating cavity and is located at the top of the sampling tube. The driving component is used to drive the piston body to slide upward to expand the volume of the chamber below the piston body and form an initial negative pressure. The vacuum pump suction mechanism includes a vacuum pump, an air inlet, a one-way valve, and an exhaust port. The vacuum pump is located at the top of the penetrating body. The air inlet of the vacuum pump suction mechanism is connected to the accommodating cavity through the one-way valve. A pressure-resistant storage chamber is connected to the exhaust port of the vacuum pump suction mechanism. The pressure-resistant storage chamber is used to receive and temporarily store the fluid extracted by the vacuum pump to isolate the back pressure of the deep-sea external environment.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the vacuum negative pressure system establishes a two-stage coordinated working mode of piston pre-suction and vacuum pump active suction. When the driving component drives the piston body to slide upward, the volume of the chamber below the piston body is expanded through mechanical action, which can quickly establish an initial negative pressure in the accommodating cavity. This initial negative pressure establishes a pressure gradient pointing into the tube at the sampling tube port, providing auxiliary traction force for the sediment to enter the accommodating cavity and helping to overcome the static frictional resistance between the tube wall and the sediment in the initial stage of sampling tube penetration. Subsequently, the vacuum pump starts, continuously extracting residual fluid in the accommodating cavity through the air inlet and one-way valve and discharging it to the pressure-resistant storage chamber, further increasing the internal negative pressure and maintaining it at a stable level. At the same time, the one-way valve restricts the backflow of fluid, which helps to maintain the stability of the negative pressure in the accommodating cavity.

[0015] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: Through the aforementioned piston lifting and expansion structure and continuous vacuum pump extraction, this application achieves rapid establishment of negative pressure by utilizing piston pre-suction, and compensates for the deficiency of negative pressure easily decreasing with stroke when using a single piston suction by utilizing the continuous operation of the vacuum pump. This improves the situation where traditional gravity samplers encounter medium-hard sedimentary layers such as sandy layers and hard clay, which lead to penetration difficulties and sampling stagnation due to insufficient initial suction or difficulty in maintaining negative pressure. It also helps the auxiliary sampling tube to penetrate the target stratum more smoothly, improving the overall smoothness of the sampling operation.

[0016] Preferably, the inlet end of the one-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube, and the outlet end of the one-way valve is connected to the air inlet of the vacuum pump.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the inlet of the one-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube, and the outlet is connected to the air inlet of the vacuum pump. The one-way valve only allows fluid to flow unidirectionally from the inner cavity of the sampling tube towards the air inlet of the vacuum pump. This design establishes a directional airflow channel between the inner chamber of the sampling tube and the vacuum pump. When the vacuum pump starts suction, the fluid in the inner cavity of the sampling tube, including seawater and gas, can smoothly enter the vacuum pump through the one-way valve and be discharged to the outside, thereby establishing and maintaining a negative pressure environment within the sampling tube. When the vacuum pump stops working or reverse pressure fluctuations occur, the one-way valve automatically cuts off the backflow path, preventing any medium from entering the inner cavity of the sampling tube via the air inlet from the outside seawater or the exhaust side of the vacuum pump, effectively preventing accidental release of negative pressure. Through this directional conduction and reverse cut-off structure, the risk of negative pressure attenuation, sample disturbance, or sampling failure caused by fluid backflow is reduced, improving the stability of negative pressure maintenance and the reliability of the sampling process.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes an inclinometer and a negative pressure sensor; the inclinometer is mounted on the penetration body, the detection end of the negative pressure sensor is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity, and the signal output ends of the inclinometer and the negative pressure sensor are respectively communicatively connected to the control module.

[0019] Preferably, the system also includes a deck control unit, which is mounted on the hull and electrically connected to the control module. The deck control unit is used for manual intervention of the control module and is also used to manually issue intervention commands based on signals received from the mechanical sensors, inclinometers, and negative pressure sensors.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, an inclinometer is integrated and installed on the penetration body, and the detection end of the negative pressure sensor is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity. Simultaneously, the signal output ends of each sensor are communicatively connected to the control module. Furthermore, a deck control unit electrically connected to the control module is installed on the hull for manual intervention and issuing intervention commands based on sensor signals. This setup establishes a two-way monitoring and control link from the underwater sampling system to the surface deck. The inclinometer monitors the attitude angle of the sampling tube, the negative pressure sensor monitors the real-time negative pressure value at the top of the accommodating cavity, and the mechanical sensor monitors the penetration resistance. This multi-dimensional sensor data is collected by the control module and uploaded to the deck control unit, providing operators with visualized operational status information. When the system is in automatic control mode, the control module can autonomously execute the start, stop, and adjustment of the vacuum negative pressure system according to preset logic. When abnormal conditions occur or manual decision-making is required, operators can manually issue intervention commands based on the sensor data displayed on the deck control unit, such as prematurely shutting down the vacuum pump or releasing the releasable counterweight. Through the dual architecture of "underwater automatic control + surface manual intervention", automatic control improves the response speed and consistency of operations, while retaining the flexibility of human judgment. This improves the situation of unknown status and delayed intervention in traditional sampling operations, and enhances the safety and success rate of deep-sea geological sampling.

[0021] Preferably, it also includes a releasable counterweight, which is detachably mounted on the outside of the penetrating body. The releasable counterweight is provided with a release interface for receiving a release command from the control module or the deck control unit.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the releasable counterweight can be detachably installed on the outside of the penetration body, and its release interface is connected to the control module or deck control unit. During the lowering and penetration phases of the sampling system, the releasable counterweight remains attached, providing additional gravitational potential energy to the system, which helps overcome sediment resistance and increase penetration depth and kinetic energy. When sampling is completed and the retrieval phase begins, the control module or deck control unit issues a release command through the release interface, causing the releasable counterweight to separate from the penetration body, thus reducing the overall weight of the system. This releasable counterweight structure ensures sufficient penetration force during the penetration phase and reduces the lifting load during the retrieval phase, decreasing the energy consumption of the ship's winch and cable tension. It improves upon the difficulties in retrieval and the tendency for cable overload associated with traditional fixed counterweight samplers, enhancing the safety and ease of operation of the sampling system during retrieval.

[0023] Preferably, the penetrating body is a metal outer tube, the sampling tube is a plastic inner tube, the sampling tube is coaxially disposed inside the penetrating body, and an annular gap is formed between the inner wall of the penetrating body and the outer wall of the sampling tube.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the penetrator body uses a metal outer tube, providing sufficient structural strength and compressive strength to withstand the high-pressure environment of the deep sea and the impact loads during penetration. The sampling tube uses a plastic inner sampling tube, which has a low coefficient of friction on its inner wall, helping to reduce the adhesion between the sample and the tube wall. This facilitates the removal of the inner sampling tube along with the sample after sampling for cutting and analysis, reducing secondary disturbance to the original sample. The sampling tube is coaxially arranged inside the penetrator body, and an annular gap is formed between the two. This gap buffers the radial stress on the outer tube during penetration, while reducing the contact area between the outer and inner tubes, reducing the frictional resistance between the tube walls, and allowing the penetration force to be more effectively transferred to the cutting head end, improving the situation where penetration kinetic energy is consumed due to tube wall friction. In addition, this gap can also serve as a fluid channel, helping to expel seawater or gas that may be present between the outer and inner tubes during penetration, further reducing penetration resistance and improving the penetration depth and sampling success rate of the sampling system in medium-hard sedimentary layers.

[0025] Preferably, the control module outputs a corresponding adjustment signal to the vacuum negative pressure system based on the value of the resistance signal, and the adjustment signal is used to change the speed or power of the vacuum pump.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the control module outputs a corresponding adjustment signal to the vacuum negative pressure system based on the resistance signal value output by the mechanical sensor. This adjustment signal directly changes the speed or power of the vacuum pump, thereby adjusting the negative pressure intensity of the internal chamber of the sampling tube. This establishes a dynamic negative pressure adjustment mechanism based on real-time penetration resistance: when the resistance signal value increases, the control module outputs an adjustment signal to increase the speed or power of the vacuum pump, enhancing negative pressure suction and increasing the upward auxiliary traction force, which helps reduce end penetration resistance and maintain the continuous penetration of the sampling tube; when the resistance signal value decreases or remains stable, the control module correspondingly reduces the speed or power of the vacuum pump to maintain the negative pressure at an appropriate level, avoiding excessive suction that could disturb the sample structure. Through the linkage adjustment between the resistance signal and the vacuum pump power, the negative pressure output achieves adaptive matching with the actual penetration conditions, improving the situation in traditional fixed-parameter suction methods where negative pressure and resistance are disconnected, resulting in either insufficient penetration force or easy sample interference. This improves the system's penetration efficiency, energy utilization rate, and sample fidelity.

[0027] Preferably, the releasable counterweight is placed at the top of the penetrating body, and the weight of the releasable counterweight is 200kg to 800kg.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: By setting up a linkage control system with the vacuum negative pressure system, control module, and mechanical sensor, and by constructing a three-stage adaptive control logic based on the resistance threshold, namely the first stage of basic suction, the second stage of dynamic pressure boosting suction, and the third stage of emergency stop, adaptive negative pressure start-stop control based on the penetration state is realized. This improves the situation where traditional samplers have difficulty penetrating in hard layers and the timing of negative pressure application is inappropriate, thereby improving the sampling success rate and sample fidelity.

[0029] By employing a two-stage coordinated vacuum negative pressure system consisting of piston pre-suction and vacuum pump active suction, the initial negative pressure is first rapidly established by lifting the piston to overcome the starting resistance, and then the vacuum pump continuously suctions to enhance and stabilize the strong negative pressure environment. This improves upon the shortcomings of traditional single piston-type negative pressure systems, which have limited strength, short duration, and decay with stroke. It provides a stable and controllable strong negative pressure auxiliary traction force for the continuous penetration of the sampling tube into medium-hard deposits.

[0030] By setting a releasable counterweight that can be detachably connected to the penetration body, it remains attached during the penetration phase to provide sufficient gravitational potential energy. During the recovery phase, it separates from the body after receiving a release command from the control module or deck control unit to reduce weight. This improves upon the difficulties in recovery and the easy overloading of cables associated with traditional fixed counterweight samplers, reduces lifting load, and enhances the safety and convenience of recovery operations.

[0031] By integrating inclinometers, negative pressure sensors, and deck control units, a dual monitoring and control link combining underwater automatic control and surface manual intervention was constructed. This enabled visualization and manual intervention capabilities for multi-dimensional parameters such as penetration depth, attitude, and negative pressure value, improving the situation of unknown status and delayed intervention in traditional sampling operations, and enhancing the safety and operational controllability of deep-sea geological sampling.

[0032] By setting the penetration body as a metal outer tube and the sampling tube as a plastic inner sampling tube while maintaining an annular gap, the metal outer tube provides structural strength, the plastic inner sampling tube reduces sample adhesion and facilitates sample removal for analysis, and the annular gap reduces the contact area with the tube wall and reduces frictional resistance, thus improving the situation where tube wall friction consumes penetration kinetic energy and increasing the penetration depth and sample quality of the sampling system in medium-hard sedimentary layers. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the vacuum negative pressure system in a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system provided in this application embodiment.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating the control principle of a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Penetrating body; 2. Penetrating cavity; 3. Sampling tube; 4. Receiving cavity; 5. Cutting head; 6. Sampling port; 7. Vacuum negative pressure system; 8. Releasable counterweight; 9. Release interface; 10. Check valve; 11. Mechanical sensor; 12. Control module; 13. Piston pre-suction mechanism; 14. Drive component; 15. Piston body; 16. Vacuum pump suction mechanism; 17. Vacuum pump; 18. One-way valve; 19. Air inlet; 20. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 This application will be described in further detail.

[0038] This application discloses a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system. (Refer to...) Figure 1-3 A deep-sea geological columnar sampling system includes: The hoisting connection module is used to hoist the entire sampling system into the sea and retrieve it. It includes a universal joint installed at the top of the main body 1, an armored cable connecting the control module 12 and external equipment, and a tension buffer installed on the armored cable to absorb the impact of the ship's heave and prevent the cable from twisting.

[0039] A releasable counterweight 8 weighing 200kg to 800kg is detachably installed on the outside of the penetrating body 1. The releasable counterweight 8 is detachably installed on the outside of the penetrating body 1 and is provided with a release interface 9, which is used to receive release commands from the control module 12 or the deck control unit.

[0040] The penetrator 1 is a cylindrical outer tube, with a cylindrical penetrator cavity 2 inside. A sampling tube 3 is placed inside the penetrator cavity 2. The sampling tube 3 is a plastic inner tube, and a receiving cavity 4 for accommodating the collected material is provided inside the sampling tube 3. The bottom end of the sampling tube 3 opens out of the penetrator 1 and communicates with the pressure-resistant storage chamber. A cutting head 5 is located at the bottom of the sampling tube 3. An annular gap is formed between the inner wall of the penetrator 1 and the outer wall of the sampling tube 3. The cutting head 5 is provided with a sampling port 6 that communicates with the receiving cavity 4. The cutting head 5 is used for penetrating deep-sea geology.

[0041] The inlet end of the one-way valve 18 is connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube 3, and the outlet end of the one-way valve 18 is connected to the air inlet 19 of the vacuum pump 17. The one-way valve 18 only allows fluid to flow unidirectionally from the inner cavity of the sampling tube 3 to the air inlet 19 of the vacuum pump 17.

[0042] The vacuum negative pressure system 7 includes a suction end and a discharge end. The suction end is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity 4, and the discharge end is connected to the pressure-resistant storage chamber. A check valve 10 is provided between the cutting head 5 and the sampling tube 3 to prevent the sample in the accommodating cavity 4 from slipping out when the sampling tube 3 is retrieved.

[0043] To generate auxiliary traction, this system is equipped with a vacuum negative pressure system 7. The suction end of the vacuum negative pressure system 7 is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity 4, and the discharge end of the vacuum negative pressure system 7 is connected to the pressure-resistant storage chamber. The vacuum negative pressure system 7 includes a piston pre-suction mechanism 13 and a vacuum pump suction mechanism 16.

[0044] The piston pre-suction mechanism 13 includes a drive member 14 located at the top of the penetration body 1 and a piston body 15 that is slidably disposed within the penetration cavity 2. The piston body 15 is located at the top of the sampling tube 3, and the drive member 14 drives the piston body 15 to slide upward, expanding the volume of the lower chamber to build an initial negative pressure.

[0045] The vacuum pump suction mechanism 16 includes a vacuum pump 17 installed at the top of the main body 1. Its inlet 19 is connected to the accommodating cavity 4 via a one-way valve 18, and its exhaust port 20 is connected to a pressure-resistant storage chamber for holding fluid. The pressure-resistant storage chamber is made of a thick-walled, high-strength pressure-resistant shell, and its interior is in a pre-evacuated semi-vacuum state. The pressure-resistant storage chamber is used to receive and temporarily store the fluid extracted by the vacuum pump 17 to isolate it from the back pressure of the deep-sea external environment. The one-way valve 18 only allows the fluid to flow unidirectionally from the inner cavity of the sampling tube 3 to the inlet 19 of the vacuum pump 17.

[0046] The control module 12 is electrically connected to the vacuum negative pressure system 7 and the vacuum pump 17. The control logic of the control module 12 for the vacuum negative pressure system 7 is configured as follows: first, control the drive component 14 to drive the piston body 15 to slide upward a predetermined distance along the main body of the sampling tube 3, so as to form an initial negative pressure in the penetration chamber 2. Then, control the vacuum pump 17 to start, and continuously draw fluid from the internal chamber through the air inlet 19 of the vacuum pump 17 to increase and stabilize the negative pressure in the internal chamber.

[0047] The driving component 14 is disposed at the top of the penetration body 1, and its output end extends into the penetration cavity 2 and connects to the piston body 15. The piston body 15 is sealed and slidably disposed in the penetration cavity 2 and is located at the top of the sampling tube 3. The driving component 14 is used to drive the piston body 15 to slide upward, thereby expanding the volume of the chamber below the piston body 15 to form an initial negative pressure.

[0048] The mechanical sensor 11 is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the penetrating body 1, and the mechanical sensor 11 and the bottom of the cutting head 5 are separated by a distance along the penetrating direction. The mechanical sensor 11 is used to output a resistance signal when it is squeezed by the mud surface as it sinks into the sediment and contacts the seabed mud surface with the penetrating body 1.

[0049] In addition, an inclinometer is installed on the penetrating body 1, and a negative pressure sensor is installed on the penetrating body 1. The detection end of the negative pressure sensor is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity 4, and the signal output ends of the inclinometer and the negative pressure sensor are respectively connected to the control module 12 for communication.

[0050] The control module 12 is communicatively connected to the vacuum negative pressure system 7 and the mechanical sensor 11. The control logic of the control module 12 is as follows: if the received resistance signal is lower than a first preset threshold, the vacuum negative pressure system 7 is controlled to operate at a preset base power; if the resistance signal reaches the first preset threshold or is between the first preset threshold and a second preset threshold, the output power of the vacuum negative pressure system 7 is dynamically increased according to the value of the resistance signal; if the resistance signal reaches or exceeds the second preset threshold, a shutdown command is issued to the vacuum negative pressure system 7.

[0051] It also includes a deck control unit, which is installed on the hull and is electrically connected to the control module 12. The deck control unit is used for manual intervention of the control module 12. The deck control unit is also used to manually issue intervention commands based on the signals received from the mechanical sensor 11, the inclinometer, and the negative pressure sensor.

[0052] The control module 12 outputs a corresponding adjustment signal to the vacuum negative pressure system 7 based on the value of the resistance signal. The adjustment signal is used to change the speed or power of the vacuum pump 17.

[0053] The control module 12 incorporates a dynamic adjustment algorithm, which can dynamically adjust the speed or power of the vacuum pump 17 based on the resistance signal output in real time by the mechanical sensor 11. Let the real-time resistance signal value of the system be... The first preset threshold is The second preset threshold is The second threshold indicates whether penetration is impossible or the target depth has been reached. The specific control logic and parameter mapping process are as follows: (1) Initial penetration stage or stage with low resistance: When the real-time resistance signal satisfies < At this time, the control module 12 determines that the system is in the early stage of penetration or the formation resistance is relatively small. In this case, the control module 12 first drives the piston body 15 to slide upwards to establish an initial negative pressure, and then starts the vacuum pump 17 and maintains it at a preset base power. It operates to provide the system with basic and stable auxiliary traction.

[0054] (2) Encountering medium-hard strata: As the penetration depth increases, the real-time resistance signal satisfies ≤ < At this time, control module 12 sends a dynamic power adjustment signal. Within this range, the output power of vacuum pump 17... With resistance signal The increase of is linear, and the specific parameter mapping relationship satisfies the following formula:

[0055] In the formula, The power feedback gain coefficient is set for the system. Using the above formula, the system can adaptively increase the negative pressure suction intensity; the greater the resistance, the stronger the traction force, thus helping the sampling tube overcome the resistance of the medium-hard deposit layer.

[0056] (3) The stage of hitting the bottom or encountering extremely hard rock layers: When the real-time resistance signal suddenly increases and satisfies ≥ At this point, the control module 12 determines that the system has reached the target depth or encountered an extremely hard, impenetrable stratum. To prevent damage to the original structure of the sample due to excessive suction, the control module 12 immediately issues an emergency shutdown command, the vacuum pump 17 is powered off and shut down, and the negative pressure suction operation ends.

[0057] A mechanical sensor 11 is installed on the outer peripheral wall of the penetrating body 1 to output a resistance signal when it is compressed upon contact with the seabed mud surface. In addition, the system integrates an inclinometer and a negative pressure sensor connected to the top of the accommodating cavity 4. All of these sensors are communicatively connected to the control module 12.

[0058] The implementation principle of a deep-sea geological columnar sampling system in this application embodiment is as follows: Before sampling, the system is lowered to the target sea area via an armored cable, and the tiltmeter monitors the system attitude to ensure that it touches the bottom at a vertical angle.

[0059] When the cutting head 5 comes into contact with the seabed sediment, the system begins to penetrate by relying on the additional gravity provided by the releasable counterweight 8 and its own gravity.

[0060] The reverse stop valve inside the cutting head 5 is pushed open upward by the sediment, and the sample enters the receiving cavity 4 of the sampling tube 3 through the sampling port 6.

[0061] In the initial stage of penetration or when the resistance is low, that is, when the resistance signal output by the mechanical sensor 11 is lower than the first threshold, the control module 12 starts the vacuum negative pressure system 7 according to the preset logic: first, it drives the piston body 15 to slide upward to establish an initial negative pressure, overcome static friction and end starting resistance, and then starts the vacuum pump 17 to run at basic power, extracting fluid through the one-way valve 18 and discharging it into the pressure-resistant storage chamber to reduce pipe wall friction and end resistance.

[0062] As the penetration depth increases and the resistance signal is between the first and second thresholds, the control module 12 dynamically increases the output power of the vacuum pump 17 according to the resistance magnitude, enhances the negative pressure auxiliary traction force, and assists the sampling tube 3 to continue to penetrate deeper into the medium-hard deposition layer.

[0063] When the sampling tube 3 reaches the predetermined depth or encounters an impenetrable stratum, i.e., when the resistance signal reaches or exceeds the second threshold, the control module 12 immediately shuts off the vacuum negative pressure system 7 and stops suction. At this time, the check valve 10 automatically closes under the action of gravity and the pressure of the sample inside the tube, cutting off the connection between the sampling port 6 and the receiving cavity 4 to prevent the sample from slipping out.

[0064] When entering the recovery phase, the deck control unit or control module 12 issues a command to release the releasable counterweight 8, and the system is lifted and recovered after being lightened.

[0065] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A deep-sea geological columnar sampling system, characterized in that: include: A penetration body (1) is provided with a penetration cavity (2) inside the penetration body (1); A sampling tube (3) is provided in the penetration cavity (2). The sampling tube (3) is provided with a receiving cavity (4) for accommodating the sample. The bottom end of the sampling tube (3) extends out of the penetration body (1) and communicates with the pressure-resistant storage chamber. A cutting head (5) is set at the bottom of the sampling tube (3). The cutting head (5) is provided with a sampling port (6) that communicates with the accommodating cavity (4). The cutting head (5) is used to penetrate deep-sea geology. The vacuum negative pressure system (7) includes a suction end and a discharge end, wherein the suction end is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity (4) and the discharge end is connected to the pressure-resistant storage chamber; A check valve (10) is provided between the cutting head (5) and the sampling tube (3) to prevent the sample in the accommodating cavity (4) from slipping out when the sampling tube (3) is retrieved; A mechanical sensor (11) is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the penetrating body (1), and the mechanical sensor (11) and the bottom of the cutting head (5) are separated by a distance along the penetrating direction. The mechanical sensor (11) is used to output a resistance signal when it is squeezed by the mud surface when it sinks into the sediment and contacts the seabed mud surface along with the penetrating body (1). The control module (12) is communicatively connected to the vacuum negative pressure system (7) and the mechanical sensor (11), respectively; The control logic of the control module (12) is as follows: If the received resistance signal is lower than the first preset threshold, the vacuum negative pressure system (7) is controlled to operate at the preset base power. If the resistance signal reaches the first preset threshold or is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the output power of the vacuum negative pressure system (7) is dynamically increased according to the value of the resistance signal. If the resistance signal reaches or exceeds the second preset threshold, a shutdown command is sent to the vacuum negative pressure system (7).

2. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum negative pressure system (7) includes: The piston pre-suction mechanism (13) includes a drive member (14) and a piston body (15). The piston body (15) is disposed in the penetration cavity (2) and is used to create an initial negative pressure in the penetration cavity (2). The vacuum pump suction mechanism (16) is connected to the accommodating cavity (4) and is used to create a negative pressure environment for the accommodating cavity (4); The outer wall of the sampling tube (3) is provided with a one-way valve (18) that connects the accommodating cavity (4) and the penetration cavity (2). The one-way valve (18) is used to restrict the flow from the penetration cavity (2) to the accommodating cavity (4). The control module (12) is electrically connected to the vacuum negative pressure system (7) and the vacuum pump (17) respectively; the control logic of the control module (12) for the vacuum negative pressure system (7) is configured as follows: first, control the driving component (14) to drive the piston body (15) to slide upward a predetermined distance along the main body of the sampling tube (3) so that the penetration cavity (2) forms an initial negative pressure; Then control the vacuum pump suction mechanism (16) to continuously extract fluid from the internal cavity in order to increase and stabilize the negative pressure in the internal cavity.

3. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving component (14) is disposed at the top of the penetrating body (1), and its output end passes through the penetrating cavity (2) and is connected to the piston body (15). The piston body (15) is sealed and slidably disposed in the penetrating cavity (2) and is located at the top of the sampling tube (3). The driving component (14) is used to drive the piston body (15) to slide upward to expand the volume of the chamber below the piston body (15) to form an initial negative pressure. The vacuum pump suction mechanism (16) includes a vacuum pump (17), an air inlet (19), a one-way valve (18), and an exhaust port (20). The vacuum pump (17) is located at the top of the penetrating body (1). The air inlet (19) of the vacuum pump suction mechanism (16) is connected to the accommodating cavity (4) through the one-way valve (18). A pressure-resistant storage chamber is connected to the exhaust port (20) of the vacuum pump suction mechanism (16). The pressure-resistant storage chamber is used to receive and temporarily store the fluid pumped out by the vacuum pump (17) to isolate the back pressure of the deep-sea external environment.

4. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet end of the one-way valve (18) is connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube (3), and the outlet end of the one-way valve (18) is connected to the air inlet (19) of the vacuum pump (17).

5. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an inclinometer and a negative pressure sensor; the inclinometer is installed on the penetrating body (1), the detection end of the negative pressure sensor is connected to the top of the accommodating cavity (4), and the signal output ends of the inclinometer and the negative pressure sensor are respectively connected to the control module (12).

6. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a deck control unit, which is installed on the hull and is electrically connected to the control module (12). The deck control unit is used to manually intervene in the control module (12). The deck control unit is also used to manually issue intervention commands based on the signals received from the mechanical sensor (11), the inclinometer and the negative pressure sensor.

7. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a releasable counterweight (8), which is detachably mounted on the outside of the penetration body (1). The releasable counterweight (8) is provided with a release interface (9) for receiving a release command from the control module (12) or the deck control unit.

8. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The penetrating body (1) is a metal outer tube, and the sampling tube (3) is a plastic inner tube. The sampling tube (3) is coaxially arranged inside the penetrating body (1), and an annular gap is formed between the inner wall of the penetrating body (1) and the outer wall of the sampling tube (3).

9. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control module (12) outputs a corresponding adjustment signal to the vacuum negative pressure system (7) based on the value of the resistance signal. The adjustment signal is used to change the speed or power of the vacuum pump (17).

10. The deep-sea geological columnar sampling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The releasable counterweight (8) is placed on top of the penetrating body (1), and the weight of the releasable counterweight (8) is 200kg to 800kg.

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