Automatic detection immunohistochemical instrument based on negative pressure channel environment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of immunohistochemical instruments, in particular to an automatic detection immunohistochemical instrument based on a negative pressure channel environment, which comprises an immunohistochemical instrument equipment main body, the inside of the immunohistochemical instrument equipment main body is provided with a slide storage compartment and a reagent storage compartment, beneficial effects are that: through corresponding installation of slide sealing and fixing covers and reagent sealing cover plates on a slide loading assembly and a reagent disc, separate loading and rotary conveying of reagents and slides are realized, the sampling needle outer tube body is matched with sampling needle positioning tubes one and two on the slide sealing and fixing covers and the reagent sealing cover plates to form precise positioning, in the positioning and releasing lifting process, a hemispherical support and a spherical sampling tube form a movement action to make the spherical sampling tube form a negative pressure, liquid leakage is avoided, the whole detection process relies on slide recognition equipment and reagent recognition equipment to independently recognize slides and reagents, the same reagent is added dropwise to each group of multiple slides, the same reagent is added dropwise in the same round, the sample adding needle does not produce liquid drops and leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of immunohistochemistry technology, specifically relating to an automated immunohistochemistry analyzer used in a negative pressure channel environment. Background Technology

[0002] An immunohistochemistry analyzer is an automated medical device specifically designed to perform immunohistochemical experiments. It typically operates under negative pressure. Its core principle is based on the specific binding of antigens and antibodies to locate and display specific protein antigens on tissue sections. Traditionally, these complex staining steps were all performed manually by pathologists, a tedious and time-consuming process, and the results were highly susceptible to human error. The role of the immunohistochemistry analyzer is to precisely simulate and automatically execute this entire manual process through robotic arms, precision fluidization circuits, and intelligent software. This significantly improves the standardization, reproducibility, and efficiency of the experiments, while reducing human error. The realization of automated detection relies on the coordinated operation of the instrument's three core systems. First, there's the precise motion control system, responsible for controlling the robotic arm's precise movement, accurately positioning the sampling needle above each slide for reagent addition or aspiration. Second, there's the intelligent liquid path and temperature control system. The liquid path system precisely controls the aspiration and dispensing volume of each reagent, and delivers different reagents, such as primary antibodies, secondary antibodies, and chromogenic solutions, to the designated slides via a piping system. The temperature control system uses heating pads or a constant-temperature incubation chamber to precisely control the slide temperature. Finally, there's the identification and software management system. Each slide and each reagent bottle is labeled with a unique barcode. Through a barcode or QR code identification system, the instrument can automatically identify slide and reagent information, enabling end-to-end tracking from sample to reagent and ensuring result traceability. In existing technologies, to prevent cross-contamination, the sampling needle usually needs to be cleaned after each sample addition, or disposable pipette tips are used. However, both cleaning the sampling needle after each addition and using disposable tips reduce the detection efficiency of the immunohistochemistry instrument.

[0003] A Chinese patent document with publication number CN111398575B proposes a rotary immunohistochemistry analyzer. This analyzer uses a rotary transfer mechanism to place the slides within a constant temperature and humidity chamber. Liquid can be added to all slide modules through the liquid inlet, allowing for simultaneous liquid addition to all slide modules during the periodic transfer of the tray assembly. This liquid addition can be performed multiple times within multiple rotation cycles, with different reagents added each time. This method addresses the aforementioned technical problem by incubating all slide modules. However, while this method uses multiple slides mounted on the same slide module with multiple parallel liquid inlets to improve efficiency, it is prone to cross-contamination between adjacent liquid inlets or slides. When subsequent reagents are highly sensitive to previous reagents, even minute amounts of cross-contamination can lead to serious false positives, causing errors in the immunohistochemistry analyzer's detection.

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes an automated immunohistochemistry analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment, which solves the problem of cross-contamination that easily occurs when using additional dispensing needles to improve detection efficiency in existing technologies. By improving the dispensing component to avoid dripping and leakage, and by designing a rotary slide transport component and a barcode recognition module, the analyzer independently identifies slides and reagents. The same reagent is dispensed onto multiple slides in each group in the same round, eliminating the need for cleaning the dispensing needles and improving the speed of automated detection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automated immunohistochemistry analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer for use in a negative pressure channel environment, comprising an immunohistochemistry analyzer body, wherein the immunohistochemistry analyzer body is provided with a slide warming chamber and a reagent warming chamber inside, a rotating mounting base is fixedly installed in the middle of the upper surface of the immunohistochemistry analyzer body, and a sampling needle lifting guide rail is rotatably installed above the rotating mounting base, characterized in that: a slide loading assembly is rotatably installed above the slide warming chamber, a reagent tray is rotatably installed above the reagent warming chamber, a sampling needle mounting frame is slidably installed inside the slide rail of the sampling needle lifting guide rail, a sampling needle outer tube is fixedly installed below the sampling needle mounting frame, and a sampling needle cleaning pool is provided below the sampling needle outer tube.

[0007] Preferably, the upper surface of the slide loading assembly is evenly distributed with rinsing grids, and a rinsing chamber is provided above the middle of the slide loading assembly. The lower surface of the rinsing chamber is fixedly installed in the middle of the upper surface of the slide insulation chamber by a bracket. The rinsing grids are symmetrically provided with rinsing water outlets and rinsing water inlets on one side wall near the rinsing chamber. A wastewater discharge hood is fixedly installed below the middle of the rinsing grid. A wastewater outlet is opened on the side wall of the wastewater discharge hood at the position corresponding to the rinsing water outlet. A water outlet is opened on the lower surface of the rinsing chamber at the position corresponding to the rinsing water inlet. A wastewater collection chamber is sleeved below the wastewater discharge hood. The lower surface of the wastewater collection chamber is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the slide insulation chamber. The lower pipe diameter of the wastewater discharge hood is larger than the support pipe diameter of the rinsing chamber.

[0008] Preferably, a rinsing pump and a sewage pump are installed below the glass slide insulation chamber. A clean water delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the rinsing pump. A rinsing branch pipe 1 and a rinsing branch pipe 2 are fixedly installed above the clean water delivery pipe via a T-junction. A clean water input pipe is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the rinsing pump. A sewage delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the sewage pump. A sewage branch pipe 1 and a sewage branch pipe 2 are fixedly installed at the upper end of the sewage delivery pipe via a T-junction. A sewage discharge main pipe is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the sewage pump. One end of rinsing branch pipe 1 penetrates the bottom inner wall of the rinsing chamber. One end of rinsing branch pipe 2 penetrates the bottom inner wall of the sampling needle cleaning tank. One end of sewage branch pipe 1 penetrates the bottom inner wall of the sewage collection chamber. One end of sewage branch pipe 2 penetrates the upper side wall of the sampling needle cleaning tank.

[0009] Preferably, a glass slide is snap-fitted into the rinsing compartment. One end of the glass slide has a glass slide barcode area, and the middle of the glass slide has a sample application area. A glass slide sealing cover is snap-fitted onto the upper surface of the glass slide loading assembly. A sealing ring adapted to the rinsing compartment is provided on the outer side of the lower surface of the glass slide sealing cover. Barcode protection windows are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the glass slide sealing cover, and the positions of the barcode protection windows correspond to the positions of the glass slide barcode area. Sampling needle positioning tubes are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the glass slide sealing cover, and the positions of the sampling needle positioning tubes correspond to the positions of the sample application area.

[0010] Preferably, the reagent tray has reagent placement holes evenly distributed inside, and corresponding reagent barcodes are provided on the inner side of each reagent placement hole. A reagent sealing cover is snapped onto the upper surface of the reagent tray, and a barcode transparent window is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover. The position of the barcode transparent window corresponds to the position of the reagent barcode. Sampling needle positioning tubes are evenly distributed on the outer side of the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover. A reagent tube is fixedly installed below the inner surface of the sampling needle positioning tubes, and the position of the sampling needle positioning tubes corresponds to the position of the reagent placement holes.

[0011] Preferably, the structure of the second sampling needle positioning tube is the same as that of the first sampling needle positioning tube. A movable positioning sleeve is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover through a corrugated tube. A movable groove adapted to the movable positioning sleeve is provided in the upper middle part of the second sampling needle positioning tube. A return spring is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second sampling needle positioning tube. The upper end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the movable positioning sleeve. A sealing valve membrane is fixedly installed inside the upper part of the reagent sealing cover.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling needle mounting bracket is internally equipped with a sampling suction pump and a suction pump. The suction pipe end of the sampling suction pump is fixedly installed with a suction connecting pipe, the input pipe end of the suction pump is fixedly installed with a suction pipe, the output pipe end of the suction pump is fixedly installed with a release pipe, an inner tube is fixedly installed inside the outer tube of the sampling needle, one end of the suction connecting pipe penetrates the top inner wall of the inner tube, and a spherical sampling tube is fixedly installed at the lower end of the inner tube.

[0013] Preferably, a hemispherical support is movably installed below the side wall of the outer tube of the sampling needle. The hemispherical support is located below the sphere of the spherical sampling tube. A second return spring is provided above the hemispherical support. The upper end of the second return spring is engaged with the lower inner wall of the outer tube of the sampling needle. A positioning tube is fixedly installed at the lower end of the hemispherical support. The size of the positioning tube is adapted to the movable positioning tube sleeve. A first discharge short tube is fixedly installed below the side wall of the spherical sampling tube.

[0014] Preferably, a waste liquid extraction tube is fixedly installed on one side below the outer tube of the sampling needle, and a waste liquid output connection tube is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the waste liquid extraction tube. The waste liquid output connection tube penetrates the side wall of the outer tube of the sampling needle, and the upper end of the waste liquid output connection tube is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suction tube through a corrugated tube. A second discharge short tube is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the hemispherical support near the waste liquid extraction tube. One end of the second discharge short tube is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the waste liquid extraction tube through a corrugated tube, and the end of the waste liquid output connection tube that contacts the first discharge short tube is adsorbed and connected by a magnetic ring.

[0015] Preferably, a cleaning tank positioning sleeve is fixedly installed at the upper end of the sampling needle cleaning tank, and the cleaning tank positioning sleeve is adapted to the positioning tube.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: By installing corresponding slide sealing caps and reagent sealing caps on the slide loading assembly and reagent tray, individual loading and rotational transport of reagents and slides are achieved. The design incorporates sampling needle positioning tubes 1 and 2 on the slide sealing cap and reagent sealing cap for precise positioning. During the positioning, release, and lifting process, the hemispherical support and spherical sampling tube create a displacement motion, generating negative pressure in the spherical sampling tube to prevent dripping and leakage. The entire detection process relies on slide and reagent identification devices to independently identify the slides and reagents. The same reagent is added to multiple slides in each group, preventing dripping and leakage from the sampling needle, eliminating the need for cleaning steps, and increasing the speed of automatic detection. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure on the other side of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the immunohistochemistry analyzer of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the reagent tray and reagent insulation chamber of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the reagent insulation chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reagent insulation chamber of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sampling needle positioning tube II of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sampling needle positioning tube II of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the glass slide loading assembly and the glass slide insulation chamber of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass slide sealing and fixing cover after disassembly. Figure 11 This is a bottom view of the structure of the glass slide sealing and fixing cover of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the slide loading assembly after the slide sealing and fixing cover of the present invention has been disassembled. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the glass slide loading assembly and the glass slide insulation chamber of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sampling needle lifting guide rail of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the sampling needle mounting bracket and the outer tube of the sampling needle according to the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling needle outer tube body in the descending positioning state structure of the present invention; Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 16 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the outer tube of the sampling needle of the present invention in a depressed state; Figure 19 For the present invention Figure 18 A magnified structural diagram at point B; Figure 20 For the present invention Figure 12 A magnified structural diagram at point C.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Immunohistochemistry instrument main body; 11. Sealing cover; 12. Control components; 2. Slide loading assembly; 21. Slide insulation chamber; 22. Rinsing pump; 221. Clean water delivery pipe; 2211. Rinsing branch pipe one; 2212. Rinsing branch pipe two; 222. Clean water input pipe; 23. Wastewater pump; 231. Wastewater delivery pipe; 2311. Wastewater branch pipe one; 2312. Wastewater branch pipe two; 232. Main wastewater discharge pipe; 24. Sampling needle cleaning. Washing tank; 241. Washing tank positioning sleeve; 25. Slide sealing and fixing cover; 251. Barcode protective window; 252. Sampling needle positioning tube one; 26. Rinsing chamber; 261. Water outlet; 27. Rinsing compartment; 271. Rinsing water outlet; 272. Rinsing water inlet; 273. Wastewater discharge cover; 2731. Wastewater outlet; 274. Slide; 2741. Slide barcode area; 2742. Sample addition area; 28. Wastewater collection chamber; 29. ​​Constant temperature control unit Component 1; 3. Reagent tray; 31. Reagent insulation chamber; 32. Reagent sealing cover; 321. Barcode transparent window; 322. Sampling needle positioning tube II; 3221. Movable positioning tube sleeve; 3222. Return spring I; 3223. Sealing valve diaphragm; 323. Reagent tube; 33. Constant temperature control component II; 34. Reagent placement hole; 341. Reagent barcode; 4. Sampling needle lifting guide rail; 41. Sampling needle mounting bracket; 411. Sampling suction pump; 4111. Suction pump 412. Connecting tube; 412. Suction pump; 4121. Suction tube; 4122. Release tube; 42. Rotary mounting base; 43. Sampling needle outer tube; 431. Inner tube; 432. Spherical sampling tube; 4321. Discharge short tube one; 433. Hemispherical support; 4331. Positioning tube; 434. Reset spring two; 435. Waste liquid extraction tube; 4351. Waste liquid output connecting tube; 4352. Discharge short tube two; 5. Slide identification device; 6. Reagent identification device. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clear and complete, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention, and are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 Please see Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 9 to 13This invention provides a technical solution: an automated immunohistochemistry analyzer for use in a negative pressure channel environment, comprising an immunohistochemistry analyzer body 1, a movably mounted sealing cover 11 on the top of the immunohistochemistry analyzer body 1 for sealing and protecting the area above the detection stage of the immunohistochemistry analyzer body 1, and a strip-shaped air outlet groove provided on the rear side of the upper surface of the immunohistochemistry analyzer body 1, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the strip-shaped air outlet is located behind the slide recognition device 5 and the reagent recognition device 6. A negative pressure channel connecting pipe is located on the rear side of the main body 1 of the immunohistochemistry instrument, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown, the negative pressure channel connecting pipe is located below the detachable inspection plate on the rear side of the immunohistochemistry instrument body 1. A centrifugal fan and other devices are connected to the negative pressure channel connecting pipe to continuously draw air outwards, creating a negative pressure in the area above the detection stage of the immunohistochemistry instrument body 1. This prevents harmful gases generated above the detection stage from leaking to the outside; instead, they are filtered and safely discharged. A control component 12 is located at the rear of the immunohistochemistry instrument body 1, used to connect operating equipment and output control signals. The immunohistochemistry instrument body 1 contains a slide warming chamber 21 and a reagent warming chamber 31. A temperature control component 29 is located below the interior of the slide warming chamber 21, and a temperature control component 33 is located below the interior of the reagent warming chamber 31. A rotating mounting base 42 is fixedly installed in the middle of the upper surface of the immunohistochemistry instrument body 1. A sampling needle lifting guide rail 4 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the slide warming chamber 21. A slide loading assembly 2 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the reagent warming chamber 31. A sample needle mounting frame 41 is slidably installed inside the slide rail of the sampling needle lifting guide rail 4. A sampling needle outer tube 43 is fixedly installed below the sampling needle mounting frame 41. A sampling needle cleaning pool 24 is set below the sampling needle outer tube 43. Gear rings are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of both the reagent warming chamber 31 and the slide warming chamber 21. Gear and motor assemblies for driving the slide warming chamber 21 and the reagent warming chamber 31 to rotate are respectively set on both sides of the lower part of the immunohistochemistry instrument body 1. A slide recognition device 5 is set on one side of the slide loading assembly 2. A reagent recognition device 6 is set on one side of the reagent tray 3. A barcode recognition assembly is installed below both the slide recognition device 5 and the reagent recognition device 6. In this embodiment, the slide incubation chamber 21 achieves constant temperature incubation of the slides through the constant temperature control component 29. The slide incubation chamber 21 is rotatably mounted above the inner surface of the slide loading component 2. It is driven by a drive motor through the meshing of a gear ring on one side to achieve the rotational displacement of the slides. The reagent incubation chamber 31 achieves constant temperature storage of the reagent tubes through the constant temperature control component 33. The reagent tray 3 is rotatably mounted above the inner surface of the reagent incubation chamber 31. It is driven by a drive motor through the meshing of a gear ring on the other side to achieve the rotational displacement of the reagent tubes. The rotating mounting base 42 is installed between the slide loading component 2 and the reagent tray 3. A drive motor is provided below the rotating mounting base 42 to drive the rotation of the sampling needle mounting frame 41. The sampling needle lifting guide rail 4 slides up and down on one side of the sampling needle mounting frame 41. The slide identification device 5 is used to identify the slides loaded on the slide loading component 2. The barcode or QR code on the slide is used by the reagent identification device 6 to identify the barcode or QR code of the reagent. After the slide is identified, it rotates 90° counterclockwise. The reagent tray 3 rotates so that the reagent identification device 6 can identify the reagent to be added and rotate it clockwise to the side of the corresponding slide. At this time, the sampling needle mounting bracket 41 first rotates 90° clockwise so that the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is above the corresponding reagent. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 moves down and the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is raised after sampling. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 rotates 180° counterclockwise so that the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is above the corresponding slide. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 moves down and the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is raised after reagent addition. It then rotates 180° counterclockwise again to take samples. The slide loading component 2 rotates intermittently. The slide identification device 5 identifies the barcode of the slides that pass by in sequence so that the slides that need to be added with the same reagent are added in sequence. The slide loading assembly 2 has evenly distributed rinsing grids 27 on its upper surface. A rinsing chamber 26 is located above the center of the slide loading assembly 2. The lower surface of the rinsing chamber 26 is fixedly mounted on the center of the upper surface of the slide insulation chamber 21 via a bracket. A rinsing water outlet 271 and a rinsing water inlet 272 are symmetrically arranged on one side wall of the rinsing grid 27 near the rinsing chamber 26. A wastewater discharge cover 273 is fixedly installed below the center of the rinsing grid 27. A wastewater outlet 2731 is opened on the side wall of the wastewater discharge cover 273 at the position corresponding to the rinsing water outlet 271. A water outlet 261 is opened on the lower surface of the rinsing chamber 26 at the position corresponding to the rinsing water inlet 272. A wastewater collection chamber 28 is fitted below the wastewater discharge hood 273. The lower surface of the wastewater collection chamber 28 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the glass slide insulation chamber 21. The lower pipe diameter of the wastewater discharge hood 273 is larger than the support pipe diameter of the rinsing chamber 26. A rinsing pump 22 and a wastewater pump 23 are installed below the glass slide insulation chamber 21. A clean water delivery pipe 221 is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the rinsing pump 22. A rinsing branch pipe 1 2211 and a rinsing branch pipe 2212 are fixedly installed above the clean water delivery pipe 221 via a T-junction. A clean water input pipe 222 is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the rinsing pump 22. A wastewater pump 23 is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the wastewater pump 23. Wastewater conveying pipe 231, with wastewater branch pipe 1 2311 and wastewater branch pipe 2312 fixedly installed at its upper end via a tee pipe. Wastewater discharge main pipe 232 is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of wastewater pump 23. One end of flushing branch pipe 1 2211 penetrates the bottom inner wall of flushing chamber 26, and one end of flushing branch pipe 2212 penetrates the bottom inner wall of sampling needle cleaning tank 24. One end of wastewater branch pipe 1 2311 penetrates the bottom inner wall of wastewater collection chamber 28, and one end of wastewater branch pipe 2312 penetrates the upper side wall of sampling needle cleaning tank 24. A glass slide 274 is snapped into the inside of flushing grid 27. One end of the glass slide 274... The slide loading assembly 2 is provided with a slide barcode area 2741 and a sample application area 2742 in the middle of the slide 274. A slide sealing and fixing cover 25 is snapped onto the upper surface of the slide loading assembly 2. A sealing ring that matches the rinsing grid 27 is provided on the outer side of the lower surface of the slide sealing and fixing cover 25. Barcode protection windows 251 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the slide sealing and fixing cover 25. The position of the barcode protection windows 251 corresponds to the position of the slide barcode area 2741. Sampling needle positioning tubes 252 are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the slide sealing and fixing cover 25. The position of the sampling needle positioning tubes 252 corresponds to the position of the sample application area 2742. In this embodiment, a rinsing grid 27 is designed above the slide loading assembly 2 to independently separate each set of slides. The slide sealing cap 25 is used to seal the top of the rinsing grid 27. This design not only independently separates the slides 274 to avoid the risk of cross-contamination, but also allows for the attachment of barcodes or QR codes to the slide barcode area 2741 at one end of the slide 274. The sample loading area 2742 is mainly the sectioning reaction area. Simultaneously, the rinsing grid 27 can also function as a rinsing tank, with a connection between the rinsing water outlet 271 and the rinsing water inlet 272. The rinsing solution is separated, allowing the rinsing fluid to enter the rinsing compartment 27 only through the rinsing water inlet 272 to rinse the slides, and then exit through the rinsing water outlet 271. This achieves integrated, synchronous, and independent rinsing of the slides. In traditional technology, each round of reagent addition requires manual rinsing of the slides, using buffer solution to rinse unbound reagents, and this process needs to be repeated multiple times. In this embodiment, however, the rinsing pump 22 is connected to the buffer solution delivery pipe through the purified water inlet pipe 222, and the buffer solution is delivered through the purified water delivery pipe 221, rinsing branch pipe one 2211, and rinsing branch pipe two 221. 2. The rinsing solution is independently delivered to the rinsing chamber 26 and the sampling needle cleaning tank 24. Each of the rinsing branch pipes 2211 and 2212 is equipped with an independent control valve. The rinsing chamber 26 injects the rinsing solution into the partitioned area where the rinsing water inlet 272 is located through the outlet 261. The solution then enters the rinsing grid 27 through the rinsing water inlet 272 to rinse the glass slides. Wastewater generated after rinsing is discharged from the rinsing grid 27 through the rinsing water outlet 271 and the wastewater outlet 2731, and is then guided and collected by the wastewater discharge hood 273 into the wastewater collection tank 28 for collection. The wastewater is then pumped by pump 2. 3. Wastewater inside the wastewater collection chamber 28 and the sampling needle cleaning pool 24 is drawn in through the wastewater conveying pipe 231, wastewater branch pipe 1 2311, and wastewater branch pipe 2312 respectively, and finally discharged through the wastewater discharge main pipe 232. In addition to sealing the top of the rinsing grid 27, the slide sealing cover 25 also protects the top of the slide barcode area 2741 through the barcode protection window 251 to avoid contamination. At the same time, the sampling needle positioning tube 1 252 assists in positioning the sampling needle, so that the sampling needle accurately drips the reagent in the sample application area 2742.

[0021] Example 2 Please see Figures 4 to 8Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further proposes that the reagent tray 3 has reagent placement holes 34 evenly distributed inside, and corresponding reagent barcodes 341 are provided on the inner side of the reagent placement holes 34. A reagent sealing cover 32 is snapped onto the upper surface of the reagent tray 3, and a barcode transparent window 321 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover 32. The position of the barcode transparent window 321 corresponds to the position of the reagent barcode 341. Sampling needle positioning tubes 322 are evenly distributed on the outer side of the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover 32. A reagent tube 323 is fixedly installed below the inner surface of the sampling needle positioning tube 322. The position of 22 corresponds to the position of reagent placement hole 34. The structure of sampling needle positioning tube 222 is the same as that of sampling needle positioning tube 1252. The upper surface of the reagent sealing cover plate 32 is fixedly installed with a movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 through a corrugated tube. The upper middle part of the sampling needle positioning tube 222 is provided with a movable groove that matches the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221. The upper surface of the sampling needle positioning tube 222 is fixedly installed with a return spring 1 3222. The upper end of the return spring 1 3222 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221. The upper part of the reagent sealing cover plate 32 is fixedly installed with a sealing valve diaphragm 3223 inside the upper part. In this embodiment, the reagent placement hole 34 is used to install the reagent tube, the reagent barcode 341 is used to affix the barcode or QR code of the corresponding test tube, the reagent sealing cover 32 is used to seal and fix the top of the reagent tube, the transparent material of the barcode window 321 facilitates barcode recognition on the reagent barcode 341, the sampling needle positioning tube 322 is used to assist the sampling needle in positioning, the reagent tube 323 mainly extends into the bottom of the reagent tube so that the reagent at the bottom of the reagent tube can also be drawn out, the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 is used to engage and position with the sampling needle, the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 will move down when compressed, passing through the sealing valve diaphragm 3223 to facilitate sampling, and the return spring 3222 is used to help the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 return to its original position after the sampling needle is raised.

[0022] Example 3 Please see Figures 1 to 19Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment further proposes that the sampling needle mounting frame 41 is internally equipped with a sampling suction pump 411 and a suction pump 412. A suction connection pipe 4111 is fixedly installed at the suction pipe end of the sampling suction pump 411, a suction pipe 4121 is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the suction pump 412, and a release pipe 4122 is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the suction pump 412. An inner tube body 431 is fixedly installed inside the outer tube body 43 of the sampling needle, and one end of the suction connection pipe 4111 passes through… A spherical sampling tube 432 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the inner tube 431, passing through the top inner wall of the inner tube 431. A hemispherical support 433 is movably installed below the side wall of the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle, positioned below the sphere of the spherical sampling tube 432. A second return spring 434 is installed above the hemispherical support 433, with its upper end engaging with the lower inner wall of the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle. A positioning tube 4331 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the hemispherical support 433. The size of tube 1 is adapted to the movable positioning sleeve 3221. A discharge short tube 4321 is fixedly installed on the lower side wall of the spherical sampling tube 432. A waste liquid extraction tube 435 is fixedly installed on one side of the lower part of the outer tube body 43 of the sampling needle. A waste liquid output connection tube 4351 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the waste liquid extraction tube 435. The waste liquid output connection tube 4351 penetrates the side wall of the outer tube body 43 of the sampling needle. The upper end of the waste liquid output connection tube 4351 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suction tube 4121 through a corrugated tube. A discharge short pipe 4352 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the hemispherical support 433 near the waste liquid extraction pipe 435. One end of the discharge short pipe 4352 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the waste liquid extraction pipe 435 through a corrugated pipe. One end of the waste liquid output connection pipe 4351 is connected to the end of the discharge short pipe 4321 that is in contact with it through a magnetic ring. A cleaning tank positioning sleeve 241 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the sampling needle cleaning tank 24. The cleaning tank positioning sleeve 241 is adapted to the positioning tube 4331. In this embodiment, the sampling pump 411 and the suction / discharge connecting pipe 4111 are mainly used for reagent sampling and reagent dispensing. The outer tube 43 and inner tube 431 of the sampling needle form the sampling needle. The main usage process is as follows: First, the sampling needle lifting guide rail 4 rotates so that the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is above the corresponding reagent. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 descends, and the positioning tube 4331 engages with the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 for positioning. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 continues to descend until the hemispherical support 433 is in a stationary position above the sliding groove of the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle. At this time, the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221 is pressed down and penetrates the sealing valve diaphragm 3223. The outer wall of the spherical sampling tube 432 contacts the inner wall of the hemispherical support 433 and is squeezed and deformed. The lower part of the spherical sampling tube 432... The end protrudes into the lower part of the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221. The sampling suction pump 411 works to draw a certain volume of reagent liquid through the sealing valve diaphragm 3223, the spherical sampling tube 432, and the inner tube body 431. Then, the sampling needle mounting bracket 41 rises, causing the positioning tube 4331 to disengage from the movable positioning tube sleeve 3221. The hemispherical support 433 slides down and resets with the assistance of the reset spring 434, so that the hemispherical support 433 releases the pressure on the spherical sampling tube 432. At this time, the inside of the spherical sampling tube 432 is in a negative pressure state, so that the reagent liquid is sucked at the lower end of the spherical sampling tube 432 without dripping or leakage. The sampling needle lifting guide rail 4 rotates in the opposite direction, so that the outer tube body 43 of the sampling needle is above the corresponding glass slide. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 descends, and due to sampling... The needle positioning tube 252 and the sampling needle positioning tube 322 have the same structure. During the downward pressing of the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle, the positioning tube 4331 engages with the upper part of the sampling needle positioning tube 252. As the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle continues to press down, the hemispherical support 433 squeezes the spherical sampling tube 432 again, so that the reagent is accurately dripped onto the sample application area 2742 through the inner tube 431, the spherical sampling tube 432, and the sampling needle positioning tube 252. After the dripping is completed, the sampling needle mounting bracket 41 is raised, causing the positioning tube 4331 to disengage from the sampling needle positioning tube 252. The hemispherical support 433 slides down to reset with the assistance of the reset spring 434, so that the hemispherical support 433 releases the squeezing of the spherical sampling tube 432. At this time, the inside of the spherical sampling tube 432 is under negative pressure. The sampling needle is designed to hold the residual reagent liquid in place, preventing dripping or leakage. The remaining liquid is then extracted by a suction pump 412. It's important to note that when the hemispherical holder 433 is below the slide, the first discharge tube 4321 and the second discharge tube 4352 are magnetically connected. The residual liquid then flows through these tubes into the waste liquid extraction tube 435, and is finally extracted by the waste liquid output connection tube 4351 and the suction tube 4121, before being discharged by the suction pump 412 and the release tube 4122. During use, the release tube 4122 needs to be connected to a drain hose to ensure that the sampling needle does not produce residual liquid, dripping, or leakage when the same reagent is added to different groups of slides 274, eliminating the need for cleaning and improving the speed of automatic detection.The sampling needle cleaning tank 24 is positioned by engaging with the positioning tube 4331 via the cleaning tank positioning sleeve 241, facilitating the overall cleaning of the inner tube body 431.

[0023] Example 4 Please see Figures 1 to 20 Based on Example 3, this example also proposes a method for using an automated immunohistochemistry analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment, including the following steps: Step 1: Install reagents and slides. Install the reagents one by one into the reagent placement holes 34, and affix the corresponding reagent barcode or QR code to the reagent barcode 341. Then, install the reagent sealing cover 32 onto the reagent tray 3, ensuring that the reagent tube 323 is inserted into the reagent tube. Install the slides 274 one by one into the rinsing grid 27, and install the slide sealing and fixing cover 25 above the slide loading assembly 2. Step two: Primary antibody reagent is added. The slide identification device 5 sequentially identifies the barcode or QR code on the slide 274 on the slide loading assembly 2. The slide loading assembly 2 rotates under the drive of the gear motor, causing the slide 274 to rotate sequentially to one side of the sampling needle outer tube 43. At the same time, the reagent tray 3 rotates, causing the reagent identification device 6 to identify the reagent to be added and rotate it clockwise to one side of the sampling needle outer tube 43. At this time, the sampling needle mounting bracket 41 first rotates 90° clockwise, so that the sampling needle outer tube 43 is in the corresponding test position. Above the reagent, the sampling needle mounting frame 41 moves down and the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle completes the sampling and then rises. The sampling needle mounting frame 41 rotates 180° counterclockwise so that the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is above the corresponding glass slide. The sampling needle mounting frame 41 moves down and the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle completes the reagent addition and then rises. It rotates 180° counterclockwise again to perform sampling. With the intermittent rotation of the glass slide loading component 2, the glass slide identification device 5 sequentially identifies the barcode of the glass slides 274 that pass by, so that the glass slides 274 that need to be added with the same round of reagents are sequentially added. Step 3: Rinsing. After the primary antibody reagent is added, the rinsing pump 22 is connected to the buffer delivery pipe through the clean water inlet pipe 222. The buffer solution is independently delivered to the rinsing chamber 26 through the clean water delivery pipe 221 and the first rinsing branch pipe 2211. The rinsing chamber 26 injects the rinsing solution into the partition area where the rinsing water outlet 272 is located through the water outlet 261. Then, the rinsing solution enters the rinsing grid 27 through the rinsing water outlet 272 to rinse the glass slide 274. The wastewater generated after rinsing is discharged from the rinsing grid 27 through the rinsing water outlet 271 and the wastewater outlet 2731. It is then guided and collected in the wastewater collection chamber 28 by the wastewater discharge cover 273. This process is repeated multiple times to rinse away any unbound reagents. The wastewater pump 23 draws the wastewater in the wastewater collection chamber 28 through the wastewater delivery pipe 231, the first wastewater branch pipe 2311, and the second wastewater branch pipe 2312, and finally discharges it through the wastewater discharge main pipe 232. Step four: Incubation is performed and preparation for the second round of reagent addition is made. The slide incubation chamber 21 achieves constant temperature incubation of the slide through the constant temperature control component 29, precisely controlling the temperature and time to allow the primary antibody reagent to specifically bind to the target antigen. At the same time, the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle needs to be rinsed. The sampling needle lifting guide 4 rotates and resets, so that the outer tube 43 of the sampling needle is above the sampling needle cleaning pool 24. The sampling needle mounting bracket 41 descends to engage the cleaning pool positioning sleeve 241 with the positioning tube 4331. The rinsing pump 2... 2. The buffer solution is connected to the buffer solution delivery pipe through the purified water inlet pipe 222. The buffer solution is independently delivered to the sampling needle cleaning tank 24 through the purified water delivery pipe 221 and the second flushing branch pipe 2212. The sampling suction and discharge pump 411 works to continuously suction and release, so that the inner tube body 431 and the spherical sampling tube 432 are fully flushed and the glass slide is rinsed. The sewage pump 23 sucks the sewage inside the sampling needle cleaning tank 24 through the sewage delivery pipe 231 and the second sewage branch pipe 2312, and finally discharges it through the sewage discharge main pipe 232. Step 5: Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4, adding the secondary antibody and colorimetric reagent in sequence. Finally, observe manually.

[0024] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automated immunohistochemistry analyzer for use in a negative pressure channel environment, comprising an immunohistochemistry analyzer body (1), wherein the immunohistochemistry analyzer body (1) is provided with a slide warming chamber (21) and a reagent warming chamber (31) inside, a rotating mounting base (42) is fixedly installed in the middle of the upper surface of the immunohistochemistry analyzer body (1), and a sampling needle lifting guide rail (4) is rotatably installed above the rotating mounting base (42), characterized in that: A slide loading assembly (2) is rotatably mounted above the slide insulation chamber (21), a reagent tray (3) is rotatably mounted above the reagent insulation chamber (31), a sampling needle mounting bracket (41) is slidably mounted inside the slide rail of the sampling needle lifting guide rail (4), a sampling needle outer tube body (43) is fixedly mounted below the sampling needle mounting bracket (41), and a sampling needle cleaning pool (24) is provided below the sampling needle outer tube body (43); a sampling suction pump (411) and a suction pump (412) are provided inside the sampling needle mounting bracket (411), and a suction connection is fixedly mounted at the suction tube end of the sampling suction pump (411). The sampling needle is connected to a connector (4111). A suction pipe (4121) is fixedly installed at the input pipe end of the suction pump (412), and a release pipe (4122) is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the suction pump (412). An inner tube (431) is fixedly installed inside the outer tube (43) of the sampling needle. One end of the suction-discharge connection pipe (4111) penetrates the top inner wall of the inner tube (431). A spherical sampling tube (432) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the inner tube (431). A hemispherical support (433) is movably installed below the side wall of the outer tube (43) of the sampling needle. The hemispherical support (433) is set on the spherical sampling tube (432). Below the body, a second return spring (434) is provided above the hemispherical support (433). The upper end of the second return spring (434) is engaged with the lower inner wall of the outer tube of the sampling needle (43). A positioning tube (4331) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the hemispherical support (433). The size of the positioning tube (4331) is adapted to the movable positioning tube sleeve (3221). A discharge short tube (4321) is fixedly installed on the lower side wall of the spherical sampling tube (432). A waste liquid extraction tube (435) is fixedly installed on one side below the outer tube of the sampling needle (43). A waste liquid extraction tube (435) is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the waste liquid extraction tube (435). The waste liquid output connection tube (4351) penetrates the side wall of the outer tube body (43) of the sampling needle. The upper end of the waste liquid output connection tube (4351) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suction tube (4121) through a corrugated tube. The inner wall of the hemispherical support (433) near the waste liquid extraction tube (435) is fixedly installed with a discharge short tube two (4352). One end of the discharge short tube two (4352) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the waste liquid extraction tube (435) through a corrugated tube. One end of the waste liquid output connection tube (4351) is connected to the end of the discharge short tube one (4321) through magnetic adsorption.

2. The automated immunohistochemistry analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide loading assembly (2) has rinsing grids (27) evenly distributed on its upper surface. A rinsing chamber (26) is provided above the middle of the slide loading assembly (2). The lower surface of the rinsing chamber (26) is fixedly installed in the middle of the upper surface of the slide insulation chamber (21) by a bracket. A rinsing water outlet (271) and a rinsing water inlet (272) are symmetrically arranged on one side wall of the rinsing grid (27) near the rinsing chamber (26). A wastewater discharge hood (273) is fixedly installed below the middle of the rinsing grid (27). The side wall of the sewage discharge hood (273) is provided with a sewage outlet (2731) corresponding to the flushing water outlet (271). The lower surface of the flushing chamber (26) is provided with a water outlet (261) corresponding to the flushing water inlet (272). A sewage collection chamber (28) is sleeved below the sewage discharge hood (273). The lower surface of the sewage collection chamber (28) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the glass slide insulation chamber (21). The lower pipe diameter of the sewage discharge hood (273) is larger than the support pipe diameter of the flushing chamber (26).

3. An automated immunohistochemical analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Below the glass slide insulation chamber (21) are a rinsing pump (22) and a sewage pump (23). A clean water delivery pipe (221) is fixedly installed at the output end of the rinsing pump (22). A rinsing branch pipe (2211) and a rinsing branch pipe (2212) are fixedly installed above the clean water delivery pipe (221) via a T-junction. A clean water input pipe (222) is fixedly installed at the input end of the rinsing pump (22). A sewage delivery pipe (231) is fixedly installed at the input end of the sewage pump (23). The upper end of the sewage delivery pipe (231) is connected to... The three-way pipe is fixedly installed with sewage branch pipe one (2311) and sewage branch pipe two (2312). The sewage discharge main pipe (232) is fixedly installed at the output pipe end of the sewage pump (23). One end of the flushing branch pipe one (2211) penetrates the bottom inner wall of the flushing chamber (26). One end of the flushing branch pipe two (2212) penetrates the bottom inner wall of the sampling needle cleaning tank (24). One end of the sewage branch pipe one (2311) penetrates the bottom inner wall of the sewage collection chamber (28). One end of the sewage branch pipe two (2312) penetrates the upper side wall of the sampling needle cleaning tank (24).

4. An automated immunohistochemical analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A glass slide (274) is snapped into the inside of the rinsing compartment (27). A glass slide barcode area (2741) is provided at one end of the glass slide (274). A sample application area (2742) is provided in the middle of the glass slide (274). A glass slide sealing cover (25) is snapped into the upper surface of the glass slide loading assembly (2). A sealing ring that matches the rinsing compartment (27) is provided on the outer side of the lower surface of the glass slide sealing cover (25). Barcode protection windows (251) are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the glass slide sealing cover (25). The position of the barcode protection window (251) corresponds to the position of the glass slide barcode area (2741). A sampling needle positioning tube (252) is evenly distributed on the upper surface of the glass slide sealing cover (25). The position of the sampling needle positioning tube (252) corresponds to the position of the sample application area (2742).

5. An automated immunohistochemical analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reagent tray (3) has reagent placement holes (34) evenly distributed inside. The reagent placement holes (34) are provided with corresponding reagent barcodes (341) on the inner side. The reagent tray (3) is fitted with a reagent sealing cover (32) on the upper surface. The reagent sealing cover (32) is fixedly installed with a barcode transparent window (321) on the inner side of the upper surface. The position of the barcode transparent window (321) corresponds to the position of the reagent barcode (341). The sampling needle positioning tubes (322) are evenly distributed on the outer side of the upper surface of the reagent sealing cover (32). The sample tube (323) is fixedly installed below the inner surface of the sampling needle positioning tube (322). The position of the sampling needle positioning tube (322) corresponds to the position of the reagent placement hole (34).

6. An automated immunohistochemical analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The structure of the second sampling needle positioning tube (322) is the same as that of the first sampling needle positioning tube (252). The upper surface of the reagent sealing cover (32) is fixedly installed with a movable positioning tube sleeve (3221) through a corrugated tube. The upper middle part of the second sampling needle positioning tube (322) is provided with a movable groove that matches the movable positioning tube sleeve (3221). The upper surface of the second sampling needle positioning tube (322) is fixedly installed with a first reset spring (3222). The upper end of the first reset spring (3222) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the movable positioning tube sleeve (3221). The upper part of the reagent sealing cover (32) is fixedly installed with a sealing valve membrane (3223).

7. An automated immunohistochemical analyzer based on a negative pressure channel environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the sampling needle cleaning tank (24) is fixedly installed with a cleaning tank positioning sleeve (241), which is compatible with the positioning tube (4331).

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