Zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and sterilization spray, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and sterilization spray and a preparation method and application thereof. The spray takes high-stability single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dots with a particle size of 2-10 nm as a core antibacterial component, is compounded with pet-safe surfactants (such as alkyl glycoside), and is supplemented with a pH buffer and a stabilizer. Through a triple synergistic mechanism of zinc ion release, active oxygen radical production and nano penetration, the spray realizes broad-spectrum and efficient killing (>99.9%) of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. The product is colorless and odorless, is safe and non-irritating to pets, does not need to be rinsed after use, can be naturally air-dried, and can form an antibacterial film with a long-acting protection of 7-14 days on the surface of an object. The application solves the problems of traditional disinfectants, such as great toxicity, secondary cleaning and drug resistance, and is particularly suitable for convenient, safe and long-acting disinfection of pet products and home environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of nanomaterial disinfectants, and in particular to a composite disinfectant spray based on highly stable single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dots, its preparation method, and its application in disinfection of pet products and home environments. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid increase in pet ownership, pet health and home hygiene are receiving increasing attention. Pet bedding, food bowls, toys, and other surfaces in the home can easily become breeding grounds for pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These microorganisms not only threaten pet health but can also be transmitted to humans through contact, causing zoonotic diseases. Therefore, effective disinfection and sterilization of pet supplies and their living environment is of significant public health importance.

[0003] Currently, commonly used pet environment disinfectants on the market mainly include chlorine-based disinfectants (such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide), quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, peroxide disinfectants, and phenolic disinfectants, among other traditional chemical disinfectants. While these disinfectants have some bactericidal effect, they present several problems in practical application: chlorine-based disinfectants have a strong, irritating odor, and the volatilized chlorine gas irritates the respiratory mucosa of pets, potentially causing respiratory diseases with prolonged exposure; quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants have limited inactivation effects on certain viruses, and residues may cause poisoning if licked by pets; peroxide disinfectants, while relatively safe, have poor stability and require immediate preparation before use; and phenolic disinfectants are significantly toxic to felines, and improper use may lead to poisoning or even death in pets.

[0004] Furthermore, traditional chemical disinfectants mostly kill microorganisms through chemical oxidation or protein denaturation. Long-term, high-frequency use can easily lead to drug resistance or tolerance in microorganisms, reducing their disinfection effectiveness. At the same time, these disinfectants usually require a second rinse after use, which is cumbersome, and incomplete rinsing may leave chemical residues, posing a potential threat to pets' health.

[0005] In recent years, nanomaterials have shown great potential in the field of antibacterial and disinfection due to their unique physicochemical properties. Zinc oxide nanomaterials have advantages such as broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, high biosafety, and low tendency to develop drug resistance, and have been applied in fields such as medical treatment and food packaging. However, existing zinc oxide nano-disinfectant products mostly use ordinary nanoparticles, which have problems such as poor dispersion stability, easy aggregation and sedimentation, and low antibacterial efficiency, limiting their widespread application in the field of pet disinfection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of existing technologies and provide a composite disinfectant spray based on highly stable single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dots and its application. This invention aims to solve the problems of traditional chemical disinfectants, such as strong irritation, high toxicity risk, easy development of drug resistance, and the need for secondary rinsing. It also overcomes the technical bottlenecks of poor dispersibility and low efficiency of ordinary zinc oxide nanoparticles, thereby providing a truly safe, efficient, convenient, and long-lasting disinfection solution specifically for pets and home environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: According to one aspect of this application, a zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant spray is provided. Its preparation method includes the following steps: The first step is to prepare a zinc oxide quantum dot disinfectant stock solution: Highly stable single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dots are dispersed in deionized water and fully dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to prepare a stable dispersion with a concentration of 100-500 μg / mL as the disinfectant stock solution. The zinc oxide quantum dots have a particle size range of 2-10 nm and exhibit good monodispersity and crystal structure integrity.

[0008] The second step is compounding and synergistic effects: A pet-safe surfactant, preferably an alkyl glycoside surfactant, is added to the above-mentioned zinc oxide quantum dot disinfectant stock solution. The amount added is 0.1%-2% of the total mass of the stock solution. The role of the surfactant is to reduce the surface tension of the liquid, help the disinfectant to spread and wet the surface of the object, improve the contact efficiency with microorganisms, and enhance the dispersion stability of zinc oxide quantum dots.

[0009] The third step is to optionally add auxiliary components: depending on the actual application requirements, a pH buffer (such as phosphate buffer) can be added to the compound solution to maintain the pH value in a suitable range of 6.0-8.0, with an addition amount of 0.01%-0.5%; a stabilizer (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone) can also be added to further improve the long-term storage stability of quantum dots, with an addition amount of 0.05%-1%.

[0010] Step 4, Finished Product Preparation: After filtration and sterilization, the above-mentioned compound disinfectant solution is filled into light-proof spray bottles to obtain the finished disinfectant spray. Light-proof packaging prevents changes in quantum dot performance caused by light exposure, ensuring stable product quality.

[0011] The method of using the zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant spray is as follows: Shake the spray bottle gently before use. Aim the nozzle at the pet supplies (such as bedding, food bowls, and toys) or household surfaces (such as floors and furniture surfaces) that need disinfection, and spray evenly from a distance of 15-30 cm to fully wet the surface. Allow it to air dry naturally after spraying; no secondary rinsing or wiping is required.

[0012] The antibacterial mechanism of the disinfectant spray is as follows: after contact with microorganisms, zinc oxide quantum dots exert their antibacterial effect through the following pathways: (1) releasing zinc ions (Zn 2+ Zinc ions can bind to proteins and enzymes on the cell membrane of microorganisms, disrupting the cell membrane integrity; (2) under light or water conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, including superoxide anions (O2). - (2) Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), etc. These reactive oxygen species can oxidize and destroy the cell membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of microorganisms, leading to the death of microorganisms; (3) The nano-size of quantum dots enables them to penetrate the cell wall of microorganisms and act directly on the internal structure of the cell, thereby enhancing the bactericidal effect.

[0013] The disinfectant spray described above has a broad-spectrum and highly effective inactivation capability against common pet pathogens, including but not limited to: viruses (canine parvovirus, feline calicivirus, canine coronavirus, feline herpesvirus, etc.), bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.), and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus, etc.). According to laboratory tests, the kill rate against these microorganisms can reach over 99.9%.

[0014] After the disinfectant spray dries on the object surface, zinc oxide quantum dots form a nanoscale antibacterial protective film. This film has long-lasting antibacterial activity, which can continuously inhibit the attachment and reproduction of microorganisms on the object surface, providing a long-lasting protective effect for 7-14 days.

[0015] The beneficial effects that this application can produce include: 1) Broad-spectrum and highly efficient sterilization: Through the triple synergistic mechanism of "zinc ion release + reactive oxygen free radical (ROS) generation + nano-penetration effect", it shows excellent inactivation ability against viruses (such as canine parvovirus and feline calicivirus), bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi, with a kill rate of over 99.9%.

[0016] (2) Extremely safe and non-toxic: The product is a water-based formula, colorless and odorless, and does not contain any chemicals that are harmful to pets. It is highly friendly to pets’ respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract, and has been proven to have no adverse reactions through long-term safety assessment.

[0017] (3) Long-lasting antibacterial protection: After the disinfectant dries, zinc oxide quantum dots will form a nanoscale antibacterial protective film on the surface of the object, which can continuously inhibit the attachment and reproduction of microorganisms, providing long-lasting protection for 7-14 days and significantly reducing the frequency of disinfection.

[0018] (4) Convenient and worry-free operation: The design of natural air drying after spraying completely eliminates the cumbersome rinsing steps of traditional disinfectants, greatly improves the user experience, and eliminates the risk of chemical residues.

[0019] (5) High dispersion stability: Thanks to the characteristics of quantum dots and the optimized compounding system, the product remains highly stable during storage, without agglomeration or stratification, ensuring reliable performance every time it is used. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0021] In the embodiments of this application, the zinc oxide quantum dots are prepared as follows: Precursor solution preparation: 0.5 mol / L zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) aqueous solution and an equal volume of 1.0 mol / L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution were mixed in an ice bath and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes to obtain a white precipitate.

[0022] Hydrothermal reaction: The above precipitate was transferred to a high-pressure reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 180°C for 12 hours.

[0023] Washing and purification: After the reaction is complete, allow the mixture to cool naturally to room temperature. Centrifuge to collect the precipitate, and wash it five times alternately with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol to remove impurity ions.

[0024] Surface modification: The washed precipitate was redispersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M sodium citrate and stirred at 60°C for 2 hours to improve its aqueous dispersion stability.

[0025] Drying and Characterization: The modified dispersion was vacuum dried at 60°C to obtain a white powder. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the product consisted of spherical particles with an average diameter of 5 nm, and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed clear lattice fringes, confirming its single-crystal structure. The powder remained stable in water for over 6 months without significant agglomeration.

[0026] Example 1 Preparation of dispersion: Take 0.3g of single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dot powder with an average particle size of 5nm, add 1000mL of deionized water, and treat with an ultrasonic disperser (300W, 40kHz) for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion of 300μg / mL.

[0027] Compound preparation: Add 10 mL of 10% alkyl glycoside (APG) aqueous solution (final content 1%) to the dispersion and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0028] Adjust pH: Add 1.0g sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5g disodium hydrogen phosphate (total addition is 0.15% of the total mass of the spray) to adjust the pH to 7.0±0.2.

[0029] Finished product: After being sterilized by filtration through a 0.22μm filter membrane, it is filled into 500mL brown light-proof PET spray bottles.

[0030] Tests showed that after 5 minutes of exposure to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the kill rate was >99.95%; and after 10 minutes of exposure to canine parvovirus, the inactivation rate was >99.9%.

[0031] Example 2 Preparation of high-concentration dispersion: Take 0.5g of quantum dot powder with an average particle size of 3nm, add 1000mL of deionized water, and circulate it 3 times using a high-pressure homogenizer (120MPa) to obtain a dispersion of 500μg / mL.

[0032] Compound preparation: Add 15 mL of 10% APG aqueous solution (final content 1.5%) and 5 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 (final content 0.5%) in sequence, and stir in a water bath at 40°C for 40 minutes.

[0033] Enhancement: Add 1.5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.15% of the total mass of the spray) to adjust the pH to 6.5, and add 0.1% glycerin.

[0034] Aging and Filling: After aging at room temperature in the dark for 24 hours, filter and fill.

[0035] Tests showed that after 3 minutes of contact with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the kill rate was >99.99%; after 5 minutes of contact with canine parvovirus and feline calicivirus, the inactivation rate was >99.95%. Performance remained stable after 6 months of storage at room temperature, protected from light.

[0036] Example 3 Preparation of dispersion: Take 0.1g of single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dot powder with an average particle size of 8nm, add 1000mL of deionized water, and treat with an ultrasonic disperser (300W, 40kHz) for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion of 100μg / mL.

[0037] Compound preparation: Add 1 mL of 10% alkyl glycoside (APG) aqueous solution (final content 0.1%) to the dispersion and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0038] pH adjustment and stabilization: Add 0.1g sodium dihydrogen phosphate (0.01% of the total mass of the spray) to adjust the pH to 8.0, and add 0.05g PVP K30 (final content 0.05%).

[0039] Finished product: After being sterilized by filtration through a 0.22μm filter membrane, it is filled into 500mL brown light-proof PET spray bottles.

[0040] Tests showed that after 10 minutes of exposure to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the kill rate was >99.9%; and after 15 minutes of exposure to canine parvovirus, the inactivation rate was >99.5%.

[0041] Example 4 Preparation of dispersion: Take 0.5g of single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dot powder with an average particle size of 2nm, add 1000mL of deionized water, and circulate it 3 times using a high-pressure homogenizer (120MPa) to obtain a dispersion of 500μg / mL.

[0042] Compound preparation: Add 20 mL of 10% alkyl glycoside (APG) aqueous solution (final content 2%) to the dispersion, and stir in a water bath at 40°C for 30 minutes.

[0043] pH adjustment and stabilization: Add 5.0g disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.5% of the total mass of the spray) to adjust the pH to 6.0, and add 10g PVP K30 (final content 1%).

[0044] Finished product: After being sterilized by filtration through a 0.22μm filter membrane, it is filled into 500mL brown light-proof PET spray bottles.

[0045] Tests: The product showed a kill rate of >99.99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after 1 minute of contact; and an inactivation rate of >99.9% against canine parvovirus after 3 minutes of contact. The product showed no precipitation or stratification in accelerated stability testing (40℃, 75% RH, 3 months).

[0046] Example 5 The enhanced spray from Example 2 was applied to pet supplies made of different materials: Fabric pads: Spray until moist, then allow to air dry. Samples were taken 7 days later, and the total bacterial count remained at an extremely low level.

[0047] Plastic tableware: After spraying, let stand for 5 minutes and air dry naturally. Salmonella kill rate >99.99%.

[0048] Rubber toys: No wiping is required after spraying; pets can chew and play directly on them. No adverse reactions were observed after 3 months of continuous use.

[0049] Example 6 The basic formula spray from Example 1 was applied to different home settings: Wood flooring: Spray 2-3 times a week. Environmental monitoring over 6 months showed that the total number of bacteria on the surface decreased by an average of 82%.

[0050] Leather sofas: After local spraying and air drying, there is no corrosion or discoloration. The kill rate of Candida albicans is >99.9%.

[0051] Stainless steel door handles: Disinfect once a day during flu season, and the total number of bacteria in indoor air will be reduced by an average of 68%.

[0052] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and antibacterial spray, characterized in that, The spray contains a highly stable single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dot dispersion with a concentration of 100-500 μg / mL, wherein the zinc oxide quantum dots have a particle size range of 2-10 nm; and a pet-safe surfactant in an amount of 0.1%-2% of the total mass of the dispersion.

2. The zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and antibacterial spray according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pet-safe surfactant is an alkyl glycoside surfactant.

3. The zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and antibacterial spray according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The spray also contains a pH buffer to maintain the pH value of the spray within the range of 6.0-8.

0.

4. The zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and antibacterial spray according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pH buffer is a phosphate buffer solution, and its addition amount is 0.01%-0.5% of the total mass of the spray.

5. The zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant spray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The spray also contains a stabilizer, which is polyvinylpyrrolidone, added at an amount of 0.05%-1% of the total mass of the spray.

6. The zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant spray according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, After drying on the surface of an object, the spray forms a nanoscale protective film with long-lasting antibacterial activity, providing long-lasting antibacterial protection for 7-14 days.

7. A method for preparing a zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant and antibacterial spray as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a) Highly stable single-crystal zinc oxide quantum dots are dispersed in deionized water and prepared into a stable dispersion with a concentration of 100-500 μg / mL by ultrasonic dispersion or high-pressure homogenization. b) Add a pet-safe surfactant to the stabilized dispersion and mix thoroughly; c) Optionally, a pH buffer and / or stabilizer may be added; d) After filtering and sterilizing the resulting mixture, fill it into a light-proof spray bottle.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conditions for ultrasonic dispersion in step a) are 300W power, 40kHz frequency, and 30 minutes; or the pressure for high-pressure homogenization is 120MPa, and the process is repeated 3 times.

9. The application of a zinc oxide quantum dot composite disinfectant spray as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in the disinfection of pet supplies or household surfaces.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method of use is as follows: spray the spray evenly onto the surface to be disinfected, make it fully wet, and then let it air dry naturally. No secondary rinsing is required.