A novel bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to organic fertilizer technical field.The bio-organic fertilizer includes by weight parts: plant source organic matter matrix 62-75 parts, carbonized rice husk 10-20 parts, compound functional bacterial agent 0.5-3 parts, mineral conditioning component 0.5-2 parts.Plant source organic matter matrix is composed of rice bran, corn meal, soybean meal, soybean oil;Compound functional bacterial agent is compounded by indigenous functional bacterial flora and artificial intensive bacterial flora according to mass ratio 1:(1-2);Preparation whole process uses normal temperature powder process, avoids high temperature inactivation bacterial flora.The whole plant source formula of the application eliminates heavy metal and antibiotic pollution of livestock and poultry manure source, and the porous carrier of carbonized rice husk cooperates with normal temperature process to greatly improve the survival rate of bacterial flora, and the double bacterial system is adapted to local soil, and is colonized for a long time, which can realize multiple functions such as organic matter supplement, acid-base two-way adjustment, granular structure repair, soil-borne disease prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bio-organic fertilizer technology, specifically to a novel bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Data from the third national soil survey shows that my country has 900 million mu of acidified soil and 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land. At the same time, large areas of arable land suffer from soil compaction, degradation of microbial communities, and excessive levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues. Soil health restoration has become a core requirement for sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Existing bio-organic fertilizers mainly suffer from the following technical defects: Insufficient raw material safety: Most products use livestock and poultry manure as the main source of organic matter, which can easily introduce heavy metals, antibiotics, and harmful pathogens. Long-term application will aggravate secondary soil pollution and cause problems such as continuous cropping and root rot.

[0004] Low microbial survival rate: Conventional production uses high-temperature composting fermentation + extrusion granulation process. During the production process, the temperature exceeds 60℃, which will cause a large number of functional bacteria to be inactivated. After being applied to the soil, the actual effective live bacteria account for less than 10%, and the improvement effect is greatly reduced.

[0005] Poor microbial community adaptability: Most strains are artificially selected and used, which have weak adaptability to different regional soils, poor colonization ability, difficulty in rebuilding the original microecological balance of the soil, and poor sustainability of the effect.

[0006] Single function: Most products only focus on nutrient supply and cannot simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as soil aggregate structure repair, two-way pH regulation, heavy metal passivation, and biological control of diseases.

[0007] Therefore, developing a bio-organic fertilizer with safe raw materials, high viable bacteria rate, strong adaptability, and multiple functions is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method, thereby solving the technical problems of high pollution risk of existing bio-organic fertilizer raw materials, low survival rate of functional bacteria, poor soil adaptability, and single function.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A bio-organic fertilizer, by weight, comprises 62-75 parts of plant-derived organic matrix, 10-20 parts of carbonized rice husk, 0.5-3 parts of compound functional microbial agent, and 0.5-2 parts of mineral conditioning components.

[0010] The plant-derived organic matter substrate consists of rice bran, cornmeal, soybean meal, and soybean oil. The technical functions of each component are as follows: Rice bran and cornmeal: provide abundant starch and cellulose, serving as both fast-acting and slow-acting carbon sources for microbial growth; Soybean meal: provides plant protein and amino acids, and serves as a nitrogen source for microorganisms and a slow-release nutrient for crops; Soybean oil: forms a protective film on the surface of substrate particles, regulates the rate of substrate moisture evaporation, and provides lipid nutrition for the microbial community.

[0011] The all-plant-based formula avoids the risks of heavy metals (such as copper, zinc, and arsenic), antibiotic residues, and harmful pathogens (such as E. coli and Salmonella) introduced by animal-derived manure.

[0012] Carbonized rice husks serve as a porous carrier and soil conditioner, and their technical functions are: (1) providing physical shelter sites for functional microbial communities through rich microporous structures, protecting the microbial communities from damage by drying, ultraviolet radiation and soil-borne antagonistic bacteria during storage and initial application to the soil, and significantly improving the survival rate of the microbial communities; (2) improving the physical structure of the soil, increasing soil porosity and permeability, and improving water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0013] The compound functional microbial agent adopts a dual-system compounding strategy of "indigenous functional microbial communities + artificially enhanced microbial communities": Indigenous functional microbial community: Composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts in specific proportions, each species is isolated from natural forest humus. Due to long-term adaptation to the local soil ecological environment, this microbial community has excellent soil colonization ability and ecological adaptability, and can quickly establish a dominant micro-ecological community in the target soil, achieving micro-ecological reconstruction.

[0014] Artificially enhanced microbial community: composed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus. Bacillus subtilis can secrete a variety of antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, effectively inhibiting soil-borne pathogens; Bacillus mucilaginosus has a highly efficient ability to solubilize phosphorus and potassium, converting insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into available forms that can be absorbed by crops.

[0015] The mineral conditioning components include mineral-derived potassium humate and trace elements. Mineral-derived potassium humate has a natural amphoteric buffering capacity and can regulate soil pH bidirectionally through the protonation and deprotonation of its functional groups; trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese, and calcium supplement the nutrients necessary for crop growth and participate in the bridging formation of soil aggregates.

[0016] The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer adopts a room temperature powder process, avoiding high temperature treatment throughout the process, and maximizing the preservation of microbial activity; after being applied to the soil, the microbial community ferments and multiplies in situ in the cultivated layer, promoting the formation of soil aggregate structure.

[0017] The preparation method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of carbonized rice husks: Clean rice husks are screened and dried to a moisture content of <=15%. They are then carbonized at 330-400℃ for 4-6 hours using an oxygen-deficient smoldering process. After cooling, they are pulverized to 40-60 mesh. The carbonization endpoint is determined by the absence of open flame and obvious smoke; the rice husks are dark brown and retain their original skeletal structure.

[0018] S2. Preparation of compound functional microbial agents: S21. Collect surface humus soil from natural forest land (such as evergreen broad-leaved forest), and use selective medium for gradient dilution and coating to isolate and purify nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast. After identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, inoculate them into the corresponding liquid medium and culture them in a shaker at 28-32℃ and 180r / min for 48-72h. After mixing them in proportion, adsorb them onto a sterile bran carrier, dry them at low temperature, and obtain the indigenous functional microbial agent. S22. Mix the native functional microbial agent and the artificially enhanced microbial agent at a mass ratio of 1:(1-2) to obtain a compound functional microbial agent with a total effective live bacteria count of 8 billion to 30 billion / g.

[0019] S3-S4, Matrix Premixing and Oil Conditioning: At room temperature, add rice bran, cornmeal, soybean meal, and carbonized rice husks to a mixer and mix at 30 rpm for 15 minutes until evenly mixed. Add soybean oil and continue mixing for 12 minutes to ensure the oil evenly coats the matrix particles.

[0020] S5. Low-temperature loading of microbial agent: Control the ambient temperature <=30℃, add compound functional microbial agent, stir at low speed of 20r / min for 8min, so that the microbial agent is evenly loaded on the surface of matrix pores.

[0021] S6. Repackaging and storage: After weighing and packaging, store in a cool, dry place.

[0022] This preparation method avoids high-temperature treatment throughout the entire process, maximizing the preservation of the activity of each functional microbial community and avoiding the microbial inactivation problems caused by traditional high-temperature composting and granulation processes. The porous carrier structure of carbonized rice husks provides physical protection for the microbial communities, and combined with a room-temperature mixing preparation process, the survival rate of live bacteria in the finished product is significantly improved compared to traditional granulation processes.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. All-plant-derived formula, green and safe: All organic matter comes from by-products of grain and oil processing, eliminating the risk of heavy metals, antibiotics, and pathogens from livestock and poultry manure. It meets the NY / T525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer" standard and the requirements of green organic agricultural production, effectively avoiding secondary soil pollution.

[0024] 2. Carrier-protected bacteria + room temperature process, high survival rate of live bacteria: The porous structure of carbonized rice husk provides physical protection for the bacteria. Combined with the room temperature mixing preparation process, the inactivation effect of high temperature composting and granulation on the bacteria is avoided. The survival rate of live bacteria in the finished product is more than 60% higher than that of traditional granulation process.

[0025] 3. Synergistic effect of dual-microbial system with strong adaptability and long-lasting effect: The native microbial community is adapted to the local soil environment, has strong colonization ability, and can quickly rebuild the soil micro-ecology; the artificial microbial community enhances nutrient release and disease control functions. The two work together to make the soil improvement effect more lasting.

[0026] 4. Multifunctional integrated remediation: It can simultaneously replenish soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates, regulate soil pH in both directions, passivate the activity of heavy metals, degrade pesticide residues, prevent and control soil-borne diseases, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0027] 5. Simple process and controllable cost: No large composting site or high-temperature granulation equipment is required. The production cycle is short and the energy consumption is low. The powder form is easy to apply and can be spread, trenched, or hole-applied, making it suitable for various planting scenarios. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Methods for strain isolation and identification: The indigenous bacterial species were isolated using the following selective media: nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated using Ashby nitrogen-free medium; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated using tricalcium phosphate inorganic phosphate medium; potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated using silicate bacteria medium; actinomycetes were isolated using Gao's No. 1 medium; lactic acid bacteria were isolated using MRS medium; and yeasts were isolated using YPD medium. The purified single colonies were identified to the genus / species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

[0030] Methods for detecting effective viable bacteria count: The total viable count was determined using the plate count method: 1.0 g of the compound functional bacterial agent sample was serially diluted to 10^-8 with sterile physiological saline, and 100 μL was spread onto NA medium plates. After incubation at 30°C for 48 h, the counts were performed. Specific counts for each bacterial species were determined separately using their respective selective media and then summed.

[0031] Carbonization temperature verification: Experiments have shown that when the carbonization temperature is below 330℃, the rice husk carbonization is incomplete, the fixed carbon content is less than 40%, and the porous structure is not fully developed; when the temperature is above 400℃, the rice husk skeleton is excessively damaged, the specific surface area decreases, and the carrier function is weakened. The preferred carbonization temperature is 330-400℃, and more preferably 350℃.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment provides a bio-organic fertilizer, the raw material composition of which, by weight, is: 33 parts rice bran, 15 parts cornmeal, 32 parts soybean meal, 3 parts soybean oil, 15 parts carbonized rice husk, 0.5 parts compound functional microbial agent, and 1 part mineral conditioning component.

[0033] Among them, the mass ratio of native functional bacteria to artificially enhanced bacteria in the compound functional bacterial agent is 1:1, and the total number of live bacteria is 20 billion / g; the ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: potassium-solubilizing bacteria: actinomycetes: lactic acid bacteria: yeast is 2:2:1:2:1:2; the ratio of Bacillus subtilis: gelatinous Bacillus subtilis is 2:1 in the artificially enhanced bacteria.

[0034] The carbonized rice husk has a fixed carbon content of 42% and a particle size of 50 mesh; the mineral conditioning component is a mixture of mineral-derived potassium humate and boron, zinc, manganese and calcium.

[0035] The preparation method is as follows: S1. Preparation of carbonized rice husks: Select clean rice husks, dry them until the moisture content is 12%, build a round stove on the ground, lay dry grass at the bottom and ignite it, pile the rice husks into a cone shape, insert a ventilation pipe, and after the fire spreads, cover the surface with wet mud, leaving small holes to supply oxygen, and smolder at about 350℃ for 5 hours in the absence of oxygen, until there is no open flame and no obvious smoke, then stop. After natural cooling, crush them to 50 mesh for later use.

[0036] S2. Preparation of compound functional microbial agents: S21. Collect surface humus soil from evergreen broad-leaved forests at 30°N latitude. Use selective culture medium gradient dilution plating method to isolate nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, respectively. After purification, identify them by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inoculate them into corresponding liquid culture media and culture them in a shaker at 30℃ and 180r / min for 60h. Mix them in proportion and adsorb them onto sterilized wheat bran to obtain indigenous functional microbial agents. S22. Mix the indigenous functional bacterial agent with commercially available Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus spp. in a certain proportion to obtain a compound functional bacterial agent.

[0037] S3. Matrix premixing: At room temperature, put rice bran, cornmeal, soybean meal, and carbonized rice husks into a mixer and mix at 30 r / min for 15 min until evenly mixed.

[0038] S4. Oil conditioning: Add soybean oil and continue stirring for 12 minutes to ensure that the oil evenly coats the matrix particles.

[0039] S5. Low-temperature loading of microbial agent: Control the ambient temperature at 25℃, add compound functional microbial agent, stir at low speed of 20r / min for 8min to ensure uniform loading of microbial agent.

[0040] S6. Packaging and storage: Weigh and package in 40kg bags and store in a cool, dry warehouse.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the amount of compound functional microbial agent added is 1 part.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the amount of compound functional microbial agent added is 2 parts.

[0043] Example 4 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the amount of compound functional microbial agent added is 3 parts. Testing showed that the effective viable bacteria count of the finished product in this embodiment is 5.8 x 10^7 cfu / g. After application to the soil, it can further increase soil organic matter and the number of effective viable bacteria, but the marginal gain is lower than that of Embodiment 3. Considering the overall cost-effectiveness, the preferred amount of compound microbial agent added is 1-2 parts.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is basically the same as Example 3, except that the compound functional microbial agent contains only artificially enhanced microbial groups and does not contain native functional microbial groups.

[0045] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses the same raw material ratio as Example 3, except that it uses a conventional extrusion granulation process with a granulation temperature of 65°C to produce granular finished products.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 Commercially available ordinary livestock and poultry manure-derived bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter >= 45%, effective live bacteria count >= 0.2 billion / g).

[0047] Effect verification test Experimental Design Degraded yellow soil that has been fertilized with chemical fertilizers for many years was selected as the test soil. The initial pH was 5.8 and the organic matter content was 1.2%. Seven treatment groups were set up, with three replicates for each group. Winter wheat was planted in pots, with the same amount of fertilizer applied and conventional field management. Soil and crop indicators were measured at maturity.

[0048] Test results The test results are shown in the table below: ; Results Analysis In Examples 1-3, all indicators were significantly better than those of the comparative example and the blank control, and the effect improved with the increase of the amount of compound microbial agent added, which verified the effectiveness of the formulation of the present invention.

[0049] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the addition of indigenous microbial communities can significantly increase the number of live bacteria colonizing the soil, resulting in better soil improvement and yield increase effects, proving that the dual-microbial system has a synergistic effect.

[0050] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the room temperature powder process can significantly retain the activity of the microbial community. After being applied to the soil, the number of effective live bacteria is 7 times that of the high temperature granulation process, which verifies the technical advantages of this preparation method.

[0051] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the all-plant-derived bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention has significantly better effects on soil improvement and crop yield increase than traditional livestock and poultry manure-derived organic fertilizer, and has no risk of secondary pollution.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 62-75 parts plant-derived organic matrix, 10-20 parts carbonized rice husk, 0.5-3 parts compound functional microbial agent, and 0.5-2 parts mineral conditioning components; The plant-derived organic matter matrix comprises 25-35 parts rice bran, 10-20 parts cornmeal, 25-35 parts soybean meal, and 2-5 parts soybean oil; The compound functional microbial agent is composed of indigenous functional microbial groups and artificially enhanced microbial groups in a mass ratio of 1:(1-2), and the total effective live bacteria count of the microbial agent is 8 billion to 30 billion / g; The indigenous functional microbial community is composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast in a mass ratio of (1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5):(0.8-1.2):(1.5-2.5):(0.8-1.2):(1.5-2.5), and each species in the indigenous functional microbial community is isolated from natural forest humus soil; The artificially enhanced bacterial flora includes Bacillus subtilis and gelatinous Bacillus; The mineral conditioning components include mineral-derived potassium humate, and at least three of boron, zinc, manganese, and calcium.

2. The novel bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, the raw materials consist of: 33 parts rice bran, 15 parts cornmeal, 32 parts soybean meal, 3 parts soybean oil, 15 parts carbonized rice husk, 2 parts compound functional microbial agent, and 1 part mineral conditioning component.

3. The novel bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast in the indigenous functional microbial community is 2:2:1:2:1:

2.

4. The novel bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the artificially enhanced bacterial community, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Bacillus jellyoidis is 2:

1.

5. The novel bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonized rice husk has a fixed carbon content of >=40% and a particle size of 40-60 mesh.

6. The novel bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral conditioning components include mineral-derived potassium humate, and a mixture of boron, zinc, manganese, and calcium.

7. A novel bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The finished bio-organic fertilizer is in powder form, with a moisture content of <=20%, an organic matter content of >=70%, and an effective live bacteria count of >=200 million / g.

8. A method for preparing the novel bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of carbonized rice husks: Screen rice husks and dry them to a moisture content of <=15%. Carbonize them at 330-400℃ for 4-6 hours using an oxygen-deficient smoldering process. After cooling, pulverize them to 40-60 mesh for later use. S2. Preparation of compound functional microbial agents: S21. Preparation of indigenous functional microbial community: Collect surface humus soil from natural forest land, and isolate and purify nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast using a gradient dilution method. After liquid expansion, they are mixed in the proportions described in claim 1 and adsorbed onto a bran carrier to obtain indigenous functional microbial agent. S22. Mix the native functional microbial agent and the artificially enhanced microbial agent at a mass ratio of 1:(1-2) to obtain a compound functional microbial agent with a total effective live bacteria count of 8 billion to 30 billion / g. S3. Matrix premixing: At room temperature, put rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal, and carbonized rice husks into a mixer and mix at 20-40 r / min for 10-20 min until evenly mixed. S4. Oil conditioning: Add soybean oil to the mixed matrix and continue stirring for 10-15 minutes to make the oil evenly coat the matrix particles. S5. Low-temperature loading of microbial agent: Control the ambient temperature <=30℃, add compound functional microbial agent to the matrix, and stir at a low speed of 15-25r / min for 5-10min to make the microbial agent uniformly loaded on the surface of matrix pores. S6. Repackaging and storage: After weighing and packaging, store in a cool, dry place.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the endpoint of smoldering carbonization is determined as follows: no open flame, no obvious smoke, and the rice husk is dark brown and retains its original skeletal structure.

10. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S21, the liquid culture conditions are as follows: use the selective culture medium corresponding to each strain, temperature 28-32℃, shaker speed 180r / min, and culture time 48-72h.