Systematic ecological restoration system for coastal mud flat wetland

Abstract

The utility model discloses a systematic ecological restoration system for a coastal mud flat wetland, which relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration and comprises coastal mud flat wetland restoration areas including a salt marsh vegetation restoration area, a mangrove forest restoration area, an oyster reef restoration area and a bird habitat restoration area. The outward side of the coastal mud flat wetland restoration area is provided with a shore side, and the other side of the coastal mud flat wetland restoration area is arranged at the offshore side end. After the specific damage condition of the main composition structure of the damaged and degraded coastal mud flat wetland restoration area is analyzed, system restoration and comprehensive restoration are considered, a multi-measure fusion restoration system is adopted, multi-target coupling and multi-function improvement are achieved, and compared with an existing single-target and single-measure restoration system and scheme, the method has the advantages that the method is simple and convenient to operate, and the cost is low. And the cutting and further damage of the coastal mud flat wetland ecosystem caused by imperfect remediation measures are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and in particular to a systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands. Background Art

[0002] Coastal tidal flat wetlands are an important type of wetland. As one of the important components of coastal wetlands, they are an ecological barrier connecting the sea and land, a habitat and breeding ground for many offshore marine organisms, and a transit station for migratory birds. They have high production value, ecological value and scientific research value.

[0003] In recent years, the economy in my country's coastal areas has developed rapidly, and the contradiction between coastal tidal flat wetland protection and economic construction has become increasingly prominent. The salt marsh wetlands in the nearshore waters are affected by aquaculture, pollution emissions, and marine debris. In addition, the rapid invasion and spread of alien invasive plants such as Spartina alterniflora and the deterioration of water quality have led to the accelerated growth of fouling organisms such as barnacles, causing the degradation of coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystems, a decline in biodiversity, and a decline in ecosystem functions, further destroying the balance and quality stability of coastal ecosystems.

[0004] At present, the restoration of coastal tidal flat wetlands in China is still at the stage of research and application of single ecosystem management or restoration measures such as mangrove ecological restoration, Spartina alterniflora control, and marine debris cleaning. Most of them take the restoration of mangroves and salt marsh vegetation or the control of alien invasive species as a single goal, and fail to carry out comprehensive management and holistic restoration of coastal tidal flat wetland systems in combination with the realization of coastal tidal flat wetland habitat functions and the realization of biodiversity benefits. As a result, the restoration effect is unsatisfactory and the ecosystem function and diversity of damaged and degraded coastal tidal flat wetlands cannot be effectively improved.

[0005] Therefore, for coastal tidal flat wetlands with damaged and degraded ecosystems, we seek a complete, reasonable, and multi-measure integrated coastal tidal flat wetland ecological restoration system to solve the current dilemma of single restoration of coastal tidal flat wetlands, and achieve the creation of diverse biological habitats and rapid, complete, and systematic recovery of ecosystem functions in the restored coastal tidal flat wetlands. The construction of this system is one of the technical problems that urgently need to be solved in the field of coastal tidal flat wetland ecological restoration, and it has great practical engineering significance. Utility Model Content

[0006] (1) Technical issues to be solved

[0007] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands. In order to solve the problem that the quality of biological habitats and biodiversity in the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area cannot be effectively improved and enhanced due to the existing single-use and unsystematic coastal tidal flat wetland restoration technology, the damaged and degraded coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem is restored to the greatest extent according to the damage to the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem and the restoration needs, the quality of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem is improved, and the service function of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem is enhanced. The utility model aims at the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art. The utility model provides a complete, reasonable, effective, multi-measure integrated and beneficially effective systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands.

[0008] (2) Technical solution

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the utility model provides a systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands, including a coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area, wherein the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area includes a salt marsh vegetation restoration area, a mangrove restoration area, an oyster reef restoration area and a bird habitat restoration area, and the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area has a shore side on one side facing outward and an offshore side on the other side.

[0010] Preferably, the salt marsh vegetation restoration area, mangrove restoration area, oyster reef restoration area and bird habitat restoration area are arranged in sequence, the salt marsh vegetation restoration area is arranged near one end of the shore side, and the bird habitat restoration area is arranged near the offshore side.

[0011] Preferably, the shore side is a seawall shore or a land shore; and the offshore side is an ocean offshore.

[0012] Preferably, the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area is constructed between the average highest tide level and the average lowest tide level.

[0013] Preferably, a high beach is provided in the salt marsh vegetation restoration area, and salt marsh plants are planted on the high beach.

[0014] Preferably, the mangrove restoration area includes a mangrove conservation area, a mangrove planting and restoration area, a mangrove suitable tidal flat area and a mangrove tidal gully, and the mangrove tidal gully is used to connect adjacent areas in pairs within the mangrove restoration area.

[0015] Preferably, an artificial reef installation area is constructed in the oyster reef restoration area.

[0016] Preferably, the bird habitat restoration area includes a shallow water area, a light beach area and an ecological island higher than the shallow water area and the light beach area, and bird perching piles are installed on the ecological island.

[0017] Preferably, bird perches are also provided on the high beach.

[0018] (3) Beneficial effects

[0019] The advantages of the utility model are: after analyzing the specific damage conditions of the main components of the damaged and degraded coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area, systematic restoration and comprehensive restoration are taken into consideration, and a restoration system integrating multiple measures is adopted to achieve multi-objective coupling and multi-functional improvement. Compared with the existing restoration systems and plans with a single objective and a single measure, the utility model avoids the fragmentation and further damage of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem caused by imperfect restoration measures, solves the current dilemma of coastal tidal flat wetland restoration, and thus can achieve the creation of diverse biological habitats in the restored coastal tidal flat wetlands, complete restoration of ecosystem functions and rapid recovery, has better practicality and economic value and environmental value, and achieves the unity of ecological benefits and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 It is the overall structure distribution diagram of the utility model.

[0022] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1, salt marsh vegetation restoration area 2, mangrove restoration area 3, oyster reef restoration area 4, bird habitat restoration area 5, shore side 6, offshore side 7, average highest tide level 8, average lowest tide level 9, high beach 10, salt marsh plants 11, mangrove conservation area 12, mangrove planting and restoration area 13, mangrove suitable tidal flat area 14, mangrove tidal gully 15, artificial reef installation area 16, shallow water area 17, bare beach area 18, birds 19, ecological island 20, bird roosting piles 21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0024] Example:

[0025] See also Figure 1As shown, a systematic ecological restoration system for a coastal tidal flat wetland described in the utility model comprises a coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1, wherein the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1 comprises a salt marsh vegetation restoration area 2, a mangrove restoration area 3, an oyster reef restoration area 4 and a bird habitat restoration area 5, wherein the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1 is provided with a shore side 6 on one side outward and the other side is arranged at an offshore side 7 end; in the coastal tidal flat wetland area to be restored, it is necessary to carry out Spartina alterniflora prevention and control and sea floating garbage cleaning and implement other measures, including salt marsh vegetation restoration, mangrove restoration, oyster reef restoration, bird habitat restoration, etc. from the shore side (seawall or land) to the offshore side (ocean), for which the salt marsh vegetation restoration area 2, the mangrove restoration area 3, the oyster reef restoration area 4 and the bird habitat restoration area 5 are arranged in sequence; wherein the salt marsh vegetation restoration area 2 is arranged at one end close to the shore side 6, and the bird habitat restoration area 5 is arranged close to the offshore side 7. It is mainly constructed on the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1 between the average highest tide level 8 and the average lowest tide level 9.

[0026] A high beach 10 is provided in the salt marsh vegetation restoration area 2 , and salt marsh plants 11 are planted on the high beach 10 . Salt marsh vegetation restoration is carried out on the high beach 10 in the restoration site, and salt marsh plants 11 are restored and conserved on the high beach 10 .

[0027] The mangrove restoration area 3 includes a mangrove conservation area 12, a mangrove planting and restoration area 13, a mangrove suitable tidal flat area 14 and a mangrove tidal ditch 15, wherein the mangrove tidal ditch 15 is used to connect the adjacent areas in the mangrove restoration area 3; wherein, mangrove restoration includes the conservation of mangroves within the restoration site and the planting and restoration of mangroves in suitable areas; the conservation of mangroves is ensured through measures such as beach closure conservation, pest control, young forest restoration, and artificial patrol to maintain the stability and development of the existing mangrove population and enhance the diversity of the mangrove ecosystem; in addition, mangrove planting and restoration can appropriately reshape the terrain within the site to form a mangrove suitable tidal flat area 14 and a mangrove tidal ditch 15; the mangrove suitable tidal flat area 14 can plant mangroves at a suitable elevation, which is conducive to the periodic inundation of mangroves with suitable tides, while avoiding the attachment of fouling organisms that affects the growth of mangrove plants; the mangrove tidal ditch 15 serves as a transportation channel for the rise and fall of tides in the mangrove area, and also provides convenience for animals in deep water areas to come to the mangrove area to forage, live, produce and reproduce.

[0028] An artificial reef installation area 16 is constructed in the oyster reef restoration area 4. The oyster reef restoration area 4 is set outside the mangrove restoration area 3. According to the tidal conditions and water quality characteristics of this restoration area, the oyster reef ecosystem is restored by constructing an artificial reef installation area 16 and transplanting oyster seedlings.

[0029] The bird habitat restoration area 5 includes a shallow water area 17, a bare beach area 18 and an ecological island 120 higher than the shallow water area 17 and the bare beach area 18. Bird roosting piles 21 are installed on the ecological island 120. In order to facilitate bird roosting, bird roosting piles 21 are also provided on the high beach 10. The bird habitat restoration area is reasonably arranged in combination with the distribution of the vegetation coverage area, shallow water area and bare beach area of ​​the coastal tidal flat wetland to be restored. On the basis of the mangrove restoration area 3, the offshore side 7 with richer bait resources is restored. The elevation of the tidal flat in the restoration area is changed mainly through the restoration of wetland micro-topography, forming shallow water areas 17 and bare beach areas 18 for birds 19 to live and prey. At the same time, considering the habitat and predation needs of birds 19 at high tide, an ecological island 20 is created and bird roosting piles 21 are laid out. Taking into account the habitat requirements of different birds 19, bird roosting piles 21 can also be set on the high beach 10 as needed.

[0030] Specifically: The implementation method of the systematic ecological restoration system of coastal tidal flat wetlands described in the utility model is as follows:

[0031] (1) Survey of the ecosystem background of coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1;

[0032] (2) Analyze the damage, degradation causes, and degradation impacts of coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1;

[0033] (3) Determine the restoration objectives and methods of coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1 based on management and utilization status, relevant planning, ecological function positioning and other factors;

[0034] (4) Selection, arrangement, design and implementation of restoration measures, and construction of a systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area 1.

[0035] The utility model is suitable for implementation on coastlines such as muddy coasts and biological coasts. In addition to quickly and completely realizing the creation of diverse biological habitats in coastal tidal flat wetlands and the restoration of ecosystem functions, it also has multiple functions such as flood control and moisture prevention, improving coastal landscapes, and improving the quality of fishery production, thereby achieving the unity of ecological and social benefits.

[0036] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, the implementation modes of the present utility model are not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands, comprising a coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area (1), characterized in that: The coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area (1) comprises a salt marsh vegetation restoration area (2), a mangrove restoration area (3), an oyster reef restoration area (4) and a bird habitat restoration area (5); the coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area (1) is provided with a shore side (6) on one side facing outwards and an offshore side (7) on the other side.

2. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt marsh vegetation restoration area (2), the mangrove restoration area (3), the oyster reef restoration area (4) and the bird habitat restoration area (5) are arranged in sequence, wherein the salt marsh vegetation restoration area (2) is arranged at one end close to the shore side (6), and the bird habitat restoration area (5) is arranged close to the offshore side (7).

3. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shore side (6) is a seawall shore or a land shore; the offshore side (7) is an ocean offshore.

4. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The coastal tidal flat wetland restoration area (1) is constructed between the average highest tide level (8) and the average lowest tide level (9).

5. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 4, characterized in that: A high beach (10) is provided in the salt marsh vegetation restoration area (2), and salt marsh plants (11) are planted on the high beach (10).

6. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mangrove restoration area (3) includes a mangrove conservation area (12), a mangrove planting and restoration area (13), a mangrove suitable tidal flat area (14) and a mangrove tidal gully (15), wherein the mangrove tidal gully (15) is used to connect adjacent areas within the mangrove restoration area (3).

7. The systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 4 is characterized in that: An artificial reef installation area (16) is constructed in the oyster reef restoration area (4).

8. The systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The bird habitat restoration area (5) includes a shallow water area (17), a light beach area (18), and an ecological island (120) higher than the shallow water area (17) and the light beach area (18), and bird perching piles (21) are installed on the ecological island (120).

9. A systematic ecological restoration system for coastal tidal flat wetlands according to claim 8, characterized in that: Bird perching piles (21) are also provided on the high beach (10).

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