Large steel structure assembly type multifunctional artificial fish reef high in environment adaptability to deep water

Abstract

The utility model discloses a large-scale steel structure assembly type multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environment adaptability to deepwater, which relates to the technical field of marine ranch construction, and comprises a plurality of groups of support column components, each support column component comprises a first upright post, a second upright post and a third upright post which are sequentially lowered from inside to outside, the first stand column, the second stand column and the third stand column are detachably connected through a plurality of first cross beams, the multiple sets of supporting column assemblies are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and connected through a plurality of second cross beams, and ecological flow guide plates are detachably assembled on the inner second cross beam and the outer second cross beam correspondingly. The bottoms of the first stand column, the second stand column and the third stand column are each provided with a stable anchor disc. The problems of subsidence and deposition of the reef body on the soft soil foundation are solved, and the adaptive capacity of the reef body to the environment is improved; the function of various flow field conditions is realized through the flexibly adjustable ecological flow guide plate, and the required flow field effect can be formed by adjusting the distribution and angle of the ecological flow guide plate according to the flow field requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of marine ranch construction, in particular to a large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability to deep water. Background Art

[0002] Artificial fish reefs refer to structures artificially placed in aquatic environments for the purpose of repairing and optimizing the aquatic ecological environment. Their mechanism of action is to utilize the tendencies of fish and other marine organisms as well as the enemy avoidance, flow field, bait and other effects formed around the fish reefs, thereby creating a place suitable for the survival and habitat of fish and other organisms.

[0003] Among the existing artificial reefs, most are made of concrete and natural stone. Although natural materials are easy to obtain and have little impact on the environment, they are less stable and durable as fish reefs, making them unsuitable for long-term use. Concrete structures have high strength, but concrete reefs are prone to sinking, scouring and siltation after being deployed. Moreover, most of the existing artificial reefs are only suitable for shallow water areas with a depth of 6-10 meters, and their specifications generally do not exceed 3 meters, making it difficult to achieve the expected ecological effect when deployed in relatively deep sea areas.

[0004] Natural fishing grounds are often located in sea areas deeper than 20 meters. Traditional artificial fish reefs are relatively small and it is difficult to achieve the expected ecological effects. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) After the reef is placed, it is far away from the water surface and has exceeded the light penetration depth of the water body. Without light, it is difficult for plankton and algae to grow and attach, and it is difficult to form a stable ecological community; 2) The reef is relatively small in height, which has little disturbance on the seabed flow field, making it difficult to form a stable upwelling, and the scale of the upwelling flow field formed is small, making it difficult to bring nutrients from the seabed to the middle and upper layers of the water body.

[0005] Traditional concrete reefs have a large deadweight. If prefabricated large reefs are used in deep water, they are too heavy to be deployed. If small components are used to build high reefs, due to the complex deepwater dynamic conditions, it is difficult to ensure the deployment shape of the reefs deployed from the sea surface. In order to achieve a stable state, a cone is often formed, with a large coverage area, but a small reef space within the effective height. In addition, the settlement and siltation problems of concrete reefs are serious, making it difficult to achieve the expected effect. At present, some people have proposed relatively large steel structure fish reefs, but the existing large steel structure fish reefs are all pure steel structure frame reefs with too high air permeability and small flow field effect. If steel plates are used as guide plates, although the effect of adjusting the flow field can be achieved, the adhesion effect is slightly worse than that of concrete, and the deadweight and cost of the large reefs produced will be greatly increased, which cannot be promoted for practical application. Therefore, a large steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, that is, to solve the problems raised by the above background technology, the utility model proposes a large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability to deep water, which includes several groups of support column assemblies, and the support column assemblies include a first column, a second column and a third column which are lowered from the inside to the outside. The first column, the second column and the third column are all detachably connected by a plurality of first beams. Several groups of the support column assemblies are arranged at equal intervals around the circumference and are connected to each other by a plurality of second beams. The inner and outer second beams are detachably equipped with ecological guide plates, and the bottoms of the first column, the second column and the third column are all installed with stable anchor plates.

[0007] The utility model is further configured as follows: the inner side of the ecological deflector is connected to one end of a plurality of connecting beams, and the other end of the connecting beam is fixedly mounted on the second cross beam.

[0008] The utility model is further configured as follows: the number of the support column assemblies can be designed according to the scale of the reef, preferably 12, 14 or 18 groups.

[0009] The utility model is further configured as follows: a plurality of convex edges are arranged on the surface of the ecological guide plate.

[0010] The utility model is further configured as follows: a hook is provided at the top of the first column.

[0011] The utility model is further configured as follows: anchor bars and ribs are added below the stable anchor plate, or a small anchor plate is added below to improve the stability of the reef body.

[0012] The utility model is further configured as follows: a vertical slide rail is welded to the inner wall of the first column, and the slide rail can selectively hang a vertically stretched fishing cage.

[0013] The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows: the assembled steel frame artificial fish reef of the present application adopts a reef body combined with a steel frame and an ecological guide plate, which solves the problems of poor environmental adaptability and insignificant flow field effect faced by the reef body placed in deep water areas. Through the structural design of the reef body, the adaptability of the reef body to different water depths, foundations, and hydrodynamic environments is improved, and the subsidence and siltation problems on soft soil foundations are solved; the air permeability of the structure is good, which can slow down the impact of water waves, and is conducive to structural stability and water exchange inside and outside the reef body; the required flow field effect is formed through the distribution and angle of the ecological guide plate that can be flexibly adjusted; the present application has a good geometric effect, which can be applied to a water depth of 20m-50m, and realizes the influence on the middle and upper flow field in the deep water area, and forms a larger shelter space and a complex flow field area, providing more living space for organisms with different habits, and enriching the function of fish reefs; the reef body is composed of various detachable parts, which is convenient for transportation and assembly, and has high production efficiency; the reef body can be set as a regular polygon, or as an inscribed polygon of an ellipse as needed. The reef applied for has multiple functions such as attachment, attraction and maintenance, forming a fishery resource gathering area inside the reef to facilitate fishing. Through the study of reef characteristics and sample trial production, a series of experience methods for reef design, production and deployment have been accumulated, providing a practical solution for the engineering application of large reefs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The utility model is shown in the structural diagram.

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the ecological guide plate of the utility model is shown.

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an anchor plate of the utility model is shown.

[0017] Figure 4 The bottom diagram of the anchor plate of the utility model is shown. Figure 1 .

[0018] Figure 5 The bottom diagram of the anchor plate of the utility model is shown. Figure 2 .

[0019] Figure 6 The flow field effect results of the application example of the utility model are shown Figure 1 .

[0020] Figure 7 The flow field effect results of the application example of the utility model are shown Figure 2 .

[0021] Figure numerals: 1. first column, 2. second column, 3. third column, 4. first cross beam, 5. second cross beam, 6. ecological guide plate, 7. stable anchor plate, 8. connecting beam, 9. small anchor plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Please refer to the attached Figure 1-3 Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] The utility model proposes a large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability to deep water, comprising a plurality of groups of support column assemblies, wherein the support column assemblies comprise a first column 1, a second column 2 and a third column 3 which are sequentially lowered from the inside to the outside, wherein the first column 1, the second column 2 and the third column 3 are detachably connected through a plurality of first cross beams 4, wherein the plurality of groups of the support column assemblies are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference and are mutually connected through a plurality of second cross beams 5, wherein the inner and outer two second cross beams 5 are detachably provided with ecological guide plates 6, wherein the bottoms of the first column 1, the second column 2 and the third column 3 are all provided with stable anchor plates 7, and compared with the traditional bottom-sitting reef, the bottom of the fish reef adopts legs to raise the main part of the reef, which has the effect of permeability, prevents the bottom of the reef from being scooped, and reserves space for the settlement of the reef; the stable anchor plate base of the reef can be calculated and adjusted according to the bearing capacity of the foundation, and a multi-layer load-bearing chassis can be added, or anchor bars or ribs can be added on the bottom of the anchor plate to enhance its adaptability to the seabed.

[0024] The inner side of the ecological guide plate 6 is connected to one end of a plurality of connecting beams 8, and the other end of the connecting beam 8 can be detachably mounted on the second cross beam 5. By replacing the connecting beams 8 of different lengths and adjusting the installation height of 5, the angle of the ecological guide plate 6 can be flexibly adjusted to achieve the expected flow field effect. The angle between the ecological guide plate 6 and the horizontal plane is preferably 0-50°, which can form relatively stable upwelling currents, vortices and other complex flow states, increase the transport of seabed nutrients to the middle and surface layers of seawater, improve the fertility of the water area, promote the reproduction and growth of bait organisms, further attract fish to gather, and realize the ecological function of deep-sea fish reefs.

[0025] The number of the support column assemblies can be designed according to the scale of the reef, preferably 12, 14 or 18 groups, and the support columns and the second cross beam 5 form a centrally symmetrical regular polygon.

[0026] The surface of the ecological guide plate 6 is provided with a number of ridges to form a concave-convex corrugated shape, which increases the overall strength and attachment area of ​​the structure, and has the function of inducing the flow field and improving the biological attachment effect. The guide plate is made of high-strength ecological materials through a high-pressure one-piece molding process, which is environmentally friendly and low-carbon, high in strength, large in attachment area, and can be mass-produced in factories. The angle of the ecological guide plate can be adjusted to induce the flow field and form the required upwelling and back vortex. At the same time, an underwater shadow area can be formed to provide multiple spaces for underwater organisms.

[0027] A hook is provided at the top of the first column 1 for easy lifting.

[0028] As attached Figure 4 and 5 As shown, anchor bars and ribs are added below the stable anchor plate 7, or a small anchor plate 9 is added below to improve the stability of the reef body. The small anchor plate is used to penetrate the soil layer, and the stable anchor plate is supported above the mud surface to obtain better and more stable support. The size of the stable anchor plate can also be appropriately increased to reduce the base stress of the anchor plate and increase the anti-overturning stability.

[0029] A vertical slide rail is welded to the inner wall of the first column 1, and the slide rail can selectively hang a vertically stretched fishing cage.

[0030] Main parameters of reef and their calculation methods:

[0031] 1) Reef height h

[0032] Assuming the local water depth is d0, the water body light penetration depth is d1, and the local design wave height value is H, then h should try to satisfy the following relationship:

[0033] d0-d1<h<d0-H

[0034] Among them: h>d0-d1, is to ensure that the reef can receive sunlight, promote the transformation of primary productivity in the biological community, and ensure the formation of the biological community.

[0035] H<d0-H, is to make the height of the reef lower than the maximum energy accumulation area of ​​the waves, so as to ensure the stability of the reef.

[0036] 2) The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the reef body D and the inner diameter of the reef body d

[0037] The outer diameter D of the reef is determined through experience and overall stability verification, and d is determined based on the needs of the reef and flow field effect simulation.

[0038] 3) Angle α between the reef ecological guide plate and the horizontal plane

[0039] After the reef outline dimensions are determined, the flow field effect simulation analysis is carried out to determine the angle α between the ecological guide plate and the horizontal plane.

[0040] 4) The empty volume V of the reef

[0041] Assuming the side length of the reef polygon is c and the number of sides is n, it can be estimated by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] Application example: Zhoushan Fishery is the largest of the four traditional fisheries in China. However, in recent decades, the local ecosystem of Zhoushan Fishery has deteriorated rapidly, and Zhoushan Fishery and even the entire East China Sea are facing a situation of "no fish to catch". In order to restore the ecological resources of Zhoushan Fishery, the design of a large reef is carried out according to the natural conditions of Zhoushan Fishery as follows.

[0044] (1) Natural conditions of the sea area

[0045] The proposed reef area is located 15km east of Zhujiajian Island, Zhoushan City, with a water depth of 30m and relatively clear water. The project area is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone in the eastern part of the mainland, with significant alternation between winter and summer monsoons, with prevailing northerly winds in autumn and winter and southerly winds in spring and summer. It has the characteristics of an oceanic climate. The tidal type is an irregular semi-diurnal tide, and the maximum flow rate in the sea area is about 1.9m / s. The engineering sea area is often affected by typhoons. During typhoons, the maximum wave height of typhoon waves generated in the engineering sea area can reach 14m. The seabed is silty silty clay.

[0046] (2) Determination of reef size

[0047] Reef height 14m<h=15m<16,

[0048] Reef plane dimensions: circumscribed circle diameter D = 13m;

[0049] Reef void volume: V 空 =1337m 3

[0050] Reef weight: 41.93t.

[0051] (3) Verification of flow field effect on reef

[0052] From the flow field analysis of the reef, it can be seen that behind the ecological guide plate of the reef, there will be areas with reduced flow velocity, which provide environmental conditions for the attachment of organisms. The interior of the reef will produce upwelling due to the diversion effect of the guide plate. The range of upwelling is closely related to the angle of the guide plate, the flow velocity, etc. It is necessary to conduct experiments and make adjustments through the method of computational fluid dynamics. Upwelling can carry nutrients and other substances on the seabed to the top of the reef, increasing the fertility of the sea water.

[0053] At the same time, it can be seen that there is still a certain area of ​​increased velocity at the bottom of the reef. The increased velocity in this area can scour the foundation of the reef and endanger the stability of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to set the height of the bottom leg of the reef to minimize the velocity at the bottom of the reef. At the same time, by designing the reef chassis, it is ensured that the reef does not become unstable under scouring. Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 .

[0054] (4) Stability verification of reef

[0055] After the structural form of the reef is determined, it is necessary to verify and analyze the overall stability and local stability of the reef. The settlement and deformation of the structure should be calculated, and the natural frequency of the structure should be calculated to avoid resonance with water waves.

[0056] (5) Reef construction and lifting test

[0057] The reef can be disassembled into standard parts for easy transportation and assembly. This greatly improves the production efficiency of large fish reefs. At present, this type of test reef has been assembled at the experimental base, and a crane has been used to test the lifting and displacement. The structure of the reef is reliable, the connectors are stable and not loose, the structure is not deformed, and the production process has been verified.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0059] In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] The term "comprise" or any other similar term is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus / device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or apparatus / device.

[0062] So far, the technical solution of the utility model has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the utility model is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the utility model, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water, comprising several groups of support column assemblies, characterized in that: The support column assembly comprises a first column (1), a second column (2) and a third column (3) which are sequentially lowered from the inside to the outside; the first column (1), the second column (2) and the third column (3) are detachably connected via a plurality of first cross beams (4); a plurality of groups of the support column assemblies are arranged at equal intervals around the circumference and are interconnected via a plurality of second cross beams (5); both inner and outer second cross beams (5) are detachably provided with ecological guide plates (6); and the bottoms of the first column (1), the second column (2) and the third column (3) are provided with stable anchor plates (7).

2. According to claim 1, a large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water, characterized in that: The inner side of the ecological deflector (6) is connected to one end of a plurality of connecting beams (8), and the other end of the connecting beam (8) is fixedly mounted on the second cross beam (5).

3. The large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the support column assemblies can be designed according to the scale of the reef, preferably 12, 14 or 18 groups.

4. The large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the ecological guide plate (6) is provided with a plurality of ridges.

5. The large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water according to claim 1 is characterized by: A hook is provided at the top end of the first column (1).

6. The large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water according to claim 1, characterized in that: Anchor bars and ribs are added below the stable anchor plate (7), or a small anchor plate (9) is added below to improve the stability of the reef body.

7. The large-scale steel structure assembled multifunctional artificial fish reef with high environmental adaptability in deep water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical slide rail is welded to the inner wall of the first column (1), and the slide rail can selectively hang a vertically stretched fishing cage.

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