Underground engineering toughness supporting structure and underground engineering
By combining a toughening layer for the surrounding rock, a fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer, anchor bolts or cables, a telescopic arch frame, a buffer layer, and a self-healing secondary lining, the problem of insufficient toughness in underground engineering support systems is solved, achieving efficient and durable support effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520661870.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-04-09
AI Technical Summary
The existing underground engineering support system lacks systematic toughness, resulting in high construction costs, complex processes, poor corrosion resistance, and insufficient toughness, making it difficult to effectively cope with surrounding rock deformation.
The structure employs a combination of surrounding rock toughening layer, fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer, anchor bolts or anchor cables, telescopic arch frame, buffer layer and self-healing secondary lining layer. By pre-strengthening the surrounding rock, active support and graded deformation, the toughness and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock are improved, and the structural durability is achieved by combining self-healing materials.
It improves the toughness and load-bearing capacity of underground engineering support structures, enhances disaster resistance, reduces maintenance costs, and improves construction efficiency and the structure's ability to adapt to deformation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223824998U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of underground engineering technology, and in particular to a resilient support structure for underground engineering and an underground engineering project. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, some new support technologies for deep underground engineering have been developed, such as high-strength prestressed anchor cable support system, corrugated steel + steel arch frame initial support system, active support layer + pressure relief deformation layer + main bearing layer and pressure relief support system, etc.
[0003] The high-strength prestressed anchor cable support system has a simple structure, but it does not improve the strength of the surrounding rock, resulting in a large amount of anchor cables used, high support costs, long construction time, and low construction efficiency.
[0004] The corrugated steel + steel arch frame initial support system has high load-bearing capacity, but the project cost is high, and the steel plate has poor corrosion resistance, requiring regular maintenance.
[0005] The active support layer + pressure relief deformation layer + main load-bearing layer support system consists of an active support layer composed of anchor mesh support, a pressure relief deformation layer composed of highly compressible filling material and high-strength springs, and a corrugated steel plate as the main load-bearing layer. The entire joint system has a strong load-bearing capacity, but it is expensive, has a complex process, and the corrugated steel has poor corrosion resistance and requires regular maintenance.
[0006] There are various types of pressure relief support systems, including pressure relief anchors and pressure relief arches. This technology is mainly proposed to address the deformation control problem during the construction period of large deformation tunnels, but the overall structural system still lacks toughness.
[0007] In summary, all existing technologies have certain limitations, especially the lack of a systematic resilient support system for underground engineering. Utility Model Content
[0008] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a tough support structure and underground engineering for underground engineering, so as to solve the problem of insufficient toughness of the current support system for underground engineering.
[0009] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a resilient support structure for underground engineering, comprising:
[0010] The surrounding rock toughening layer is applied by grouting or jet grouting to the surrounding rock of the underground project;
[0011] Fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer, sprayed onto the excavation outline of underground engineering;
[0012] Anchor bolts or anchor cables are driven from the initial support layer of the fiber-reinforced shotcrete to the surrounding rock of the underground works.
[0013] A telescopic arch frame is erected inside the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer;
[0014] A buffer layer is laid or sprayed on the inner side of the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer.
[0015] A self-healing secondary lining layer is laid inside the buffer layer.
[0016] The underground engineering tough support structure described in this utility model forms a toughening layer by pre-reinforcing the surrounding rock, increasing its toughness and self-bearing capacity. Using anchor bolts or cables, pre-tensioning is applied to further stabilize the surrounding rock, fully mobilizing the bearing capacity of the deep surrounding rock. Combined with fiber-reinforced shotcrete and expandable arches, the initial support can undergo significant deformation, releasing some of the surrounding rock load and reducing its impact on the support structure. By setting a buffer layer, further structural deformation is allowed, and the surrounding rock load is not transferred to the secondary lining structure, thus ensuring structural safety. Furthermore, the secondary lining uses self-healing concrete, which can automatically repair cracks during use, ensuring structural durability and saving maintenance costs during project operation.
[0017] Preferably, the initial support layer of the fiber-reinforced shotcrete is fitted with a steel mesh to further improve the support effect.
[0018] Preferably, steel mesh is hung on both sides of the telescopic arch frame. The steel mesh can strengthen the connection between the telescopic arch frame and the fiber-reinforced shotcrete, thereby further improving the support effect.
[0019] Preferably, the drilling arrangement of the anchor bolts or anchor cables is a quincunx or rectangular arrangement.
[0020] Preferably, the length of each anchor bolt or anchor cable is 6m-20m.
[0021] Preferably, the anchor bolt or anchor cable can apply a preload to further stabilize the surrounding rock.
[0022] Preferably, the buffer layer is made of highly compressible foam rubber, foam plastic board, or polymer spray coating.
[0023] Preferably, the self-healing secondary lining is made of self-healing concrete.
[0024] Preferably, the self-healing concrete contains a self-repairing capsule.
[0025] In a second aspect, this utility model provides an underground engineering project, including any of the aforementioned underground engineering tough support structures.
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0027] This utility model provides a tough support structure for underground engineering, which changes the traditional passive support technology. Through the method of "structural toughening + active support + graded deformation", it systematically improves the toughness of the support structure, making the entire structural system more adaptable to deformation, with higher load-bearing capacity and stronger disaster resistance. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a resilient support structure for underground engineering.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a resilient support structure for underground engineering.
[0030] Marked in the image:
[0031] 1-Rock toughening layer; 2-Fiber shotcrete initial support layer; 3-Anchor bolts or anchor cables; 4-Extendable arch frame; 5-Buffer layer; 6-Self-healing secondary lining layer; 7-Advanced grouting or jet grouting. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0034] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.
[0035] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.
[0036] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.
[0037] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.
[0038] Example 1
[0039] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a resilient support structure for underground engineering includes: a surrounding rock toughening layer 1, a fiber-reinforced shotcrete primary support layer 2, anchor bolts or anchor cables 3, a telescopic arch frame 4, a buffer layer 5, and a self-healing secondary lining layer 6.
[0040] The surrounding rock toughening layer 1 is grouted or jet-jet-sprayed into the surrounding rock of the underground project. By pre-grouting or jet-jet-spraying 7, the unexcavated surrounding rock is pre-reinforced, thereby improving the strength and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, increasing its toughness, and reducing its impact on the support structure.
[0041] The fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2 is sprayed onto the excavation contour surface of the underground engineering project. By incorporating fibers (steel fibers, synthetic fibers, etc.) into the concrete, the initial support structure is formed using a spraying process. Preferably, the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2 is generally 200mm-350mm thick. Optionally, the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2 is reinforced with a steel mesh to further improve the support effect.
[0042] The anchor bolts or cables 3 are driven from the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2 to the surrounding rock of the underground project, and the anchoring end of the anchor bolts or cables 3 should be located in stable rock strata. Optionally, the drilling arrangement of the anchor bolts or cables 3 can be a staggered or rectangular pattern. The length of the anchor bolts or cables 3 can be determined by calculation based on actual conditions, generally 6m-20m. Optionally, the anchor bolts or cables 3 are prestressed components, thereby enabling the application of preload to further stabilize the surrounding rock.
[0043] The retractable arch frame 4 is installed inside the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2. The retractable arch frame 4 may include an arch frame body, retractable nodes, and connectors. The arch frame body is typically made of U-shaped steel (such as U25, U29), H-shaped steel, I-beams, or special alloy steel, and is assembled in sections. The retractable nodes include sliding joints: controllable sliding is achieved through friction plates or hydraulic devices (such as the German DYWIDAG system); and compression components: built-in energy-absorbing materials such as springs and aluminum foam, which contract under pressure. The connectors include bolts, cable clamps, etc., which lock after allowing a certain displacement. The retractable arch frame 4 can be a friction-type retractable arch frame, a hydraulic-type retractable arch frame, or a compression energy-absorbing arch frame. The retractable arch frame 4 can adapt to displacement by adjusting itself when significant deformation occurs in the surrounding rock, avoiding premature failure due to premature stress on the rigid support.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment, steel mesh is hung on both sides of the telescopic arch frame 4. The steel mesh strengthens the connection between the telescopic arch frame 4 and the fiber-reinforced shotcrete, thereby further improving the support effect.
[0045] The buffer layer 5 is laid or sprayed on the inner side of the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer 2, the inner side being the side away from the surrounding rock of the underground engineering working face. The buffer layer 5 can be made of high-compressibility foam rubber, foam plastic board, or polymer spraying layer. The core characteristics of the high-compressibility foam rubber are high resilience and low permanent deformation, enabling it to recover its original shape after repeated compression. The high-compressibility foam rubber includes silicone rubber foam, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) foam, polyurethane foam rubber, etc. Preferably, the buffer layer 5 can also serve as a waterproof layer. The thickness of the buffer layer 5 should be determined by calculation based on geological conditions and mechanical properties, generally ranging from 5cm to 15cm.
[0046] The self-healing secondary lining layer 6 is laid inside the buffer layer 5, with the inner side being the side away from the surrounding rock of the underground engineering working face. Optionally, the self-healing secondary lining layer 6 uses self-healing concrete, a functional building material capable of automatically repairing cracks. Through built-in repair agents or microorganisms, a repair reaction is triggered when cracks occur, restoring the density and strength of the concrete, thereby extending the structural lifespan and reducing maintenance costs. In a further optional embodiment, the self-healing concrete incorporates self-healing capsules to achieve crack repair.
[0047] In optional solutions, the underground engineering tough support structure can be constructed using the following methods:
[0048] S1: At the working face of underground engineering, advanced grouting or jet grouting 7 is used to reinforce the unexcavated surrounding rock in advance, improve the strength and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, increase the toughness of the surrounding rock, reduce the effect on the support structure, and form a toughening layer 1 for the surrounding rock.
[0049] S2: Underground engineering is excavated in sections according to the design outline. The length of each section is determined based on the geological conditions, and is generally 1m-3m.
[0050] S3: Spray a layer of fiber-reinforced concrete, typically 30mm-60mm thick, onto the excavation outline and attach a steel mesh.
[0051] S4: Construct anchor bolts or cables 3. Drill holes for anchor bolts or cables in a staggered or rectangular pattern. Then, insert the high-toughness anchor bolts or cables 3 into the holes and inject anchoring agent. The length of the anchor bolts or cables 3 can be determined by calculation based on the actual situation, generally 6m-20m. After the anchoring agent reaches the required strength, tensioning can be carried out to apply preload and further stabilize the surrounding rock.
[0052] S5: Erect the telescopic arch frame 4. Depending on the situation, add another layer of steel mesh inside the arch frame, and then spray fiber concrete 2 to the predetermined thickness, which is generally 200-350mm.
[0053] S6: Level the surface of the initial support, then lay or spray the buffer layer 5. The buffer layer 5 can be made of high-compressibility foam rubber, foam plastic board, polymer spray coating, etc. The buffer layer 5 can also serve as a waterproof layer. The thickness of the buffer layer 5 should be determined by calculation based on geological conditions and mechanical properties, generally ranging from 5cm to 15cm.
[0054] S7: Pour self-healing secondary lining concrete 6. The concrete is self-healing concrete with built-in self-healing capsules.
[0055] The underground engineering tough support structure described in this utility model forms a toughening layer 1 by pre-reinforcing the surrounding rock, increasing its toughness and self-bearing capacity. Using anchor bolts or cables, pre-tensioning can further stabilize the surrounding rock, fully mobilizing the bearing capacity of the deep surrounding rock. Combined with fiber-reinforced shotcrete and a telescopic arch frame, it allows for significant deformation of the initial support, releasing some of the surrounding rock load and reducing its impact on the support structure. By setting a buffer layer, further structural deformation is allowed, and the surrounding rock load is not transferred to the secondary lining structure, thus ensuring structural safety. Furthermore, the secondary lining uses self-healing concrete, which can automatically repair cracks during use, ensuring structural durability and saving maintenance costs during project operation.
[0056] This utility model provides a resilient support structure for underground engineering, which changes the traditional passive support technology. Through the method of "structural toughening (surrounding rock toughening layer 1) + active support (anchor rod or anchor cable 3) + graded deformation (fiber shotcrete initial support layer 2, telescopic arch frame 4, buffer layer 5)," the toughness of the support structure is systematically improved, making the entire structural system more adaptable to deformation, with higher load-bearing capacity and stronger disaster resistance.
[0057] Example 2
[0058] An underground engineering project includes a resilient support structure for underground engineering as described in any of Embodiment 1.
[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A resilient support structure for underground engineering, characterized in that, include: The surrounding rock toughening layer (1) is grouted or jet-jet-sprayed onto the surrounding rock of the underground project; Fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer (2) is sprayed onto the excavation outline of the underground project; Anchor bolts or anchor cables (3) are driven from the fiber-reinforced shotcrete primary support layer (2) to the surrounding rock of the underground works; The telescopic arch frame (4) is erected inside the fiber-reinforced shotcrete primary support layer (2); A buffer layer (5) is laid or sprayed on the inner side of the fiber-reinforced shotcrete initial support layer (2); A self-healing secondary lining (6) is laid inside the buffer layer (5).
2. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced shotcrete primary support layer (2) is fitted with a steel mesh.
3. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The retractable arch frame (4) is equipped with steel mesh on both sides.
4. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling arrangement of the anchor bolts or anchor cables (3) is either quincunx or rectangular.
5. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of each anchor rod or anchor cable (3) is 6m-20m.
6. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor bolt or anchor cable (3) can apply a preload.
7. The resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer layer (5) is made of highly compressible foam rubber, foam plastic board or polymer spray coating.
8. A resilient support structure for underground engineering according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The self-healing secondary lining (6) is made of self-healing concrete.
9. A resilient support structure for underground engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that, The self-healing concrete contains a self-repairing capsule.
10. An underground engineering project, characterized in that, Including a resilient support structure for underground engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9.