Battery capable of quantitatively repairing capacity of lithium ion battery

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery capable of quantitatively repairing the capacity of a lithium ion battery. The battery capable of quantitatively repairing the capacity of the lithium ion battery comprises a shell, and a battery cell, an energy supplementing system and a battery management system which are arranged in the shell, the energy complementing system is connected with the battery management system through a wire harness; the battery cell comprises a cathode, a third electrode and an anode; the third electrode is used for supplementing lithium for the cathode and the anode; the third electrode is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode; the number of the negative electrodes and the positive electrodes is greater than or equal to 1; a layer of third electrode is arranged between each pair of negative electrode and positive electrode; the battery management system is connected with the negative electrode, the third electrode and the positive electrode through wire harnesses. The third electrode serving as a lithium supplementing electrode is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the size of the third electrode is equivalent to that of the positive electrode, the third electrode is of a porous structure or a net structure, lithium ion transmission between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not blocked, and the third electrode can stably exist in the electrolyte when not working (dormancy).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, and in particular to a battery that can quantitatively restore the capacity of a lithium-ion battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for new energy devices, lithium-ion batteries have gained widespread application in many fields due to their inherent advantages, becoming a highly regarded new energy device. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in scenarios with high battery performance requirements, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, because of their strong safety and good structural stability.

[0003] In the technological applications of lithium-ion batteries, their capacity gradually decreases with use. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions repeatedly insert and extract into the positive and negative electrode materials. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, positive electrode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) undergo changes in their crystal structure during repeated lithium ion insertion and extraction, such as volume expansion and contraction, leading to lattice stress. Prolonged cycling can cause irreversible deformation of the lattice structure, affecting the lithium ion transport channels and reducing the battery's capacity. As the usable capacity of a lithium-ion battery decreases, its battery life is shortened. Simultaneously, the rate performance of the lithium-ion battery deteriorates, failing to meet high-power demands. At high charging and discharging rates, the voltage drops more rapidly, and the charging and discharging speed slows down, impacting the user experience. With age degradation, the internal resistance of the lithium-ion battery increases, leading to increased energy loss during charging and discharging. The battery also generates more heat during charging and discharging, further accelerating its aging.

[0004] When lithium-ion batteries experience capacity loss, they need to be replenished with lithium to restore their performance. Currently, the conventional approach is to only perform lifespan repair on the outer layers of the cell. While this method can alleviate the capacity loss problem to some extent, it has significant drawbacks. The repair process is not quantitative, meaning the amount of lithium replenished cannot be precisely controlled. Excessive replenishment may damage the internal structure of the lithium-ion battery, affecting its safety and stability; insufficient replenishment, on the other hand, fails to achieve the desired repair effect and cannot effectively restore the battery's capacity. Therefore, existing technologies for lithium-ion battery replenishment suffer from the problem of not being able to precisely control the amount of lithium replenished. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a battery that can quantitatively repair the capacity of lithium-ion batteries, thereby solving the problem that the amount of lithium replenishment cannot be accurately controlled when replenishing lithium in the prior art.

[0006] In some embodiments, this application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring the capacity of a lithium-ion battery. The battery includes a casing and a cell, a power replenishment system, and a battery management system disposed within the casing. The power replenishment system is connected to the battery management system via a wiring harness.

[0007] The battery cell includes a negative electrode, a third electrode, and a positive electrode; wherein, the third electrode stores lithium ions and is used to replenish lithium to the negative and positive electrodes; the third electrode is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode; the number of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is greater than or equal to 1, the negative electrode and the positive electrode appear in pairs, and there is a layer of third electrode between each pair of negative and positive electrodes;

[0008] The battery management system is connected to the negative electrode, the third electrode, and the positive electrode via wiring harnesses.

[0009] This application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring the capacity of a lithium-ion battery. A third electrode, serving as the lithium replenishment electrode, is placed between the positive and negative electrodes. The size of the third electrode is comparable to that of the positive electrode. This third electrode has a porous or mesh structure, which does not obstruct lithium-ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes, and it can stably exist in the electrolyte even when not in operation (dormant). Simultaneously, a battery management system monitors parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature in real time, calculating the actual capacity change of the battery. Based on stored initial battery capacity information and current actual capacity measurements, the required amount of lithium to be replenished is precisely calculated, achieving precise optimization of the lithium-ion battery replenishment process. This ensures both the effectiveness of lithium replenishment and the safety and performance stability of the battery.

[0010] In some possible implementations, when the third electrode is a porous electrode, the porous shape of the third electrode is one of spherical, sheet-like, or honeycomb-like.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the porous particle size on the third electrode is 50–1000 μm.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the third electrode includes a lithium source material and a carrier.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the carrier is one of nickel mesh, nickel foam, carbon fiber cloth, or carbon aerogel.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the lithium source material is lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese oxide.

[0015] In some possible implementations, a conductive additive, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene, is added to the surface of the third electrode.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the battery management system is a microcontroller-based battery management system or an intelligent battery management system.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the housing is an aluminum alloy housing with a heat dissipation channel structure.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the battery cell further includes a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the separator is a ceramic separator.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the pore size of the isolation membrane is 50 nm to 200 nm.

[0020] In some possible implementations, when the third electrode is a mesh electrode, the porosity of the third electrode is 30-60%.

[0021] As described above, this application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring the capacity of a lithium-ion battery. This battery includes a casing and a cell, a power replenishment system, and a battery management system disposed within the casing. The power replenishment system is connected to the battery management system via a wiring harness. The cell includes a negative electrode, a third electrode, and a positive electrode. The third electrode stores lithium ions and is used to replenish lithium to the negative and positive electrodes. The third electrode is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode. The number of negative and positive electrodes is greater than or equal to one, and a third electrode layer is present between each pair of negative and positive electrodes. The battery management system is connected to the negative electrode, the third electrode, and the positive electrode via wiring harnesses. This application places the third electrode, serving as the lithium replenishment electrode, between the positive and negative electrodes. The size of the third electrode is comparable to that of the positive electrode. This third electrode has a porous or mesh structure, which does not obstruct lithium ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes, and the third electrode can stably exist in the electrolyte even when not in operation (dormant). Simultaneously, the battery management system monitors battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time to calculate the actual capacity changes. When the battery capacity drops to a certain threshold, or when the battery's health status indicates the need for lithium replenishment, the lithium replenishment process is initiated. Based on the assessment of battery capacity loss, the required amount of lithium to be replenished is calculated. Using stored initial battery capacity information and current actual capacity measurements, the required amount of lithium is precisely calculated to achieve accurate optimization of the lithium-ion battery replenishment process, ensuring both the effectiveness of replenishment and the safety and performance stability of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery structure that can quantitatively restore the capacity of a lithium-ion battery according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Illustration:

[0025] Among them, 1-cell; 2-negative electrode; 3-third electrode; 4-positive electrode; 5-power supply system; 6-wiring harness; 7-battery management system. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. They are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the claims.

[0027] With the increasing demand for new energy devices, lithium-ion batteries have gained widespread application in many fields due to their inherent advantages, becoming a highly regarded new energy device. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in scenarios with high battery performance requirements, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, because of their strong safety and good structural stability.

[0028] In the technological applications of lithium-ion batteries, their capacity gradually decreases with use. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions repeatedly insert and extract into the positive and negative electrode materials. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, positive electrode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) undergo changes in their crystal structure during repeated lithium ion insertion and extraction, such as volume expansion and contraction, leading to lattice stress. Prolonged cycling can cause irreversible deformation of the lattice structure, affecting the lithium ion transport channels and reducing the battery's capacity. As the usable capacity of a lithium-ion battery decreases, its battery life is shortened. Simultaneously, the rate performance of the lithium-ion battery deteriorates, failing to meet high-power demands. At high charging and discharging rates, the voltage drops more rapidly, and the charging and discharging speed slows down, impacting the user experience. With age degradation, the internal resistance of the lithium-ion battery increases, leading to increased energy loss during charging and discharging. The battery also generates more heat during charging and discharging, further accelerating its aging.

[0029] When lithium-ion batteries experience capacity loss, they need to be replenished with lithium to restore their performance. Currently, the conventional approach is to only perform lifespan repair on the outer periphery of the cell. While this method can alleviate the capacity loss problem to some extent, it has significant drawbacks. The repair process is not quantitative, meaning the amount of lithium replenished cannot be precisely controlled. Excessive replenishment may lead to the formation of lithium dendrites, which can puncture the separator, causing internal short circuits and posing safety hazards. Insufficient replenishment, on the other hand, fails to effectively improve battery performance, such as significantly increasing the initial coulombic efficiency or improving cycle performance. Excessive replenishment may damage the internal structure of the lithium-ion battery, affecting its safety and stability; insufficient replenishment fails to achieve the desired repair effect and cannot effectively restore the battery's capacity. Therefore, existing technologies for lithium-ion battery replenishment suffer from the problem of not being able to precisely control the amount of lithium replenished.

[0030] Based on this, to address the problem of inaccurate control of the amount of lithium added during lithium-ion battery replenishment in existing technologies, this application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring lithium-ion battery capacity. A third electrode, serving as the lithium-addition electrode, is placed between the positive and negative electrodes. The size of the third electrode is comparable to that of the positive electrode. This third electrode has a porous or mesh structure, which does not obstruct lithium-ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes, and it can stably exist in the electrolyte even when not in operation (dormant). Simultaneously, a battery management system monitors battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time, calculating the actual capacity change of the battery. Based on the stored initial battery capacity information and the current actual capacity measurement results, the required amount of lithium to be added is accurately calculated, thereby achieving precise optimization of the lithium-ion battery replenishment process, ensuring both the effectiveness of lithium-addition and the safety and performance stability of the battery.

[0031] In some embodiments, this application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring the capacity of a lithium-ion battery, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the battery includes a casing and a battery cell 1, a power replenishment system 5, and a battery management system 7 disposed within the casing; the power replenishment system 5 is connected to the battery management system 7 via a wiring harness 6.

[0032] The battery cell 1 includes a negative electrode 2, a third electrode 3, and a positive electrode 4; wherein, the third electrode 3 stores lithium ions and is used to replenish lithium to the negative electrode 2 and the positive electrode 4; the third electrode 3 is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode; the number of negative electrodes 2 and positive electrodes 4 is greater than or equal to 1, and negative electrodes 2 and positive electrodes 4 appear in pairs, with a layer of third electrode 3 between each pair of negative electrodes 2 and positive electrodes 4;

[0033] The battery management system 7 is connected to the negative electrode 2, the third electrode 3 and the positive electrode 4 via wiring harness 6.

[0034] In this application, the third electrode 3 can replenish the lithium lost during cycling, maintain the amount of active lithium in the battery, thereby slowing down the rate of battery capacity decay and extending the battery's cycle life. The third electrode 3 can optimize the lithium-ion distribution inside the battery, making it easier for lithium ions to insert into and extract from the electrode material during charging and discharging, thereby improving the battery's charging and discharging efficiency and reducing charging and discharging time.

[0035] The battery management system 7 in this application can monitor battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time. By analyzing and processing these parameters, it can promptly detect abnormal battery conditions. Through real-time monitoring of these parameters, the battery management system 7 precisely controls the charging and discharging process of the third electrode 3. For example, during battery charging, when the battery voltage reaches a certain threshold, the discharging process of the third electrode 3 is initiated to replenish lithium ions to the negative electrode 2; during battery discharging, when the battery voltage drops to a certain level, the discharging of the third electrode 3 is stopped to avoid over-replenishment of lithium. Simultaneously, a lithium replenishment model is established using the large amount of data collected by the battery management system 7. This model can predict the battery's capacity loss trend and lithium replenishment needs based on factors such as battery usage history, current state, and environmental conditions, thereby achieving more precise lithium replenishment control.

[0036] For battery packs composed of multiple individual cells, the battery management system 7 performs balanced management of each cell. During lithium replenishment, it ensures that each cell receives the same amount of lithium, avoiding uneven lithium replenishment due to differences between cells, which could affect the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack.

[0037] The conventional charging and discharging process of the lithium-ion battery with quantitative capacity repair in this application is as follows: During charging, the external current flows from the negative electrode 2 to the positive electrode 4, and the lithium ions inside the battery migrate from the positive electrode 4 to the negative electrode 2; during discharging, the external current flows from the positive electrode 4 to the negative electrode 2, while the lithium ions inside the battery migrate from the negative electrode 2 to the positive electrode 4.

[0038] When the battery is in use, the positive terminal 4 is connected to the battery management system 7 through the wiring harness 6. The battery management system 7 is connected to the charging system 5 through the wiring harness 6. The charging system 5 is also connected to the battery management system 7 through the wiring harness 6. The battery management system 7 is connected to the negative terminal 2 of the battery cell 1 through the wiring harness 6. This forms an electronic circuit inside the battery. This is the connection method when the battery is in normal use. The battery provides power (electricity) to the charging system 5 under the control of the battery management system 7.

[0039] After the battery has been used for a certain period of time, the battery management system 7 detects the total chargeable capacity Q of the battery. 当前 With the total capacity Q that the battery can initially be fully charged 初始 The difference is used to calculate the current decay capacity Q. 衰减=Q 初始 -Q 当前 Between each pair of positive electrode 4 and negative electrode 2, there is a third electrode 3. The third electrode 3 is connected to the battery management system 7 via a wiring harness 6. The battery management system 7 is connected to an external power supply system 5 (which can be a charging gun, mains power, etc.) via the wiring harness 6, and then connected to the battery management system 7 via the wiring harness 6. The battery management system 7 is then connected to either the positive electrode 4 (the third electrode 3) or the negative electrode 2 (the third electrode 3), thus forming an electronic circuit. The battery management system 7 controls the power supply system 5 to charge the battery formed by the third electrode 3 and the lithium electrode to be charged, in order to compensate for the capacity loss of the battery formed by the positive electrode 4 and / or the negative electrode 2. Moreover, the charging is quantitative, so the capacity loss of the third electrode 3 is quantitatively repaired.

[0040] The porous or mesh structure of the third electrode 3 in this application has a larger specific surface area and abundant pores, providing more transport channels for lithium ions, shortening the transport distance of lithium ions, and enabling lithium ions to diffuse and migrate more quickly inside the electrode, thereby accelerating the insertion and extraction speed of lithium ions during charging and discharging, and improving the lithium replenishment and repair rate of the battery.

[0041] In some embodiments, conductive additives, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, can be added to the surface of the third electrode 3 or to the contact area with other electrodes. These conductive materials can form a conductive network, effectively conducting electrons from the third electrode 3 to the external circuit of the battery, ensuring the normal charging and discharging process of the battery. For example, uniformly dispersing carbon nanotubes in the material of the third electrode 3 can improve the electronic conductivity of the electrode, while its high specific surface area also helps to improve the adsorption and transport efficiency of ions.

[0042] In some embodiments, the porous shape of the third electrode 3 is one of spherical, sheet-like, or honeycomb-like.

[0043] The spherical porous structure of the third electrode 3 exhibits high symmetry, resulting in relatively uniform lithium-ion transport paths in all directions, which facilitates rapid diffusion and migration of lithium ions. Simultaneously, the relatively smooth outer surface of the sphere reduces obstacles to lithium-ion transport, improving transport efficiency. The large specific surface area of ​​the spherical porous structure of the third electrode 3 increases the contact area with the electrolyte, making it easier for the electrolyte to wet the electrode surface and the interior of the pores. This helps to improve the full contact and reaction between lithium ions in the electrolyte and the electrode material, thereby increasing battery capacity and charge / discharge efficiency. The spherical structure of the third electrode 3 can better withstand the stress of volume changes during charge and discharge, exhibiting good structural stability. Because the sphere experiences uniform stress in all directions, it is less prone to localized stress concentration leading to electrode structural damage, thus extending the battery's cycle life. The spherical porous structure of the third electrode 3 can provide a large specific surface area within a limited space, which is beneficial for the loading of active materials. More active materials can adhere to the spherical pore walls, increasing the battery's energy storage capacity and improving its energy density.

[0044] The third electrode 3, with its sheet-like porous structure, has a large size and relatively thin thickness in one direction. Lithium ions transport rapidly within the sheet-like plane, but the transport distance is shorter in the direction perpendicular to the plane. This structure can improve lithium ion transport efficiency to some extent, especially for applications requiring rapid charging and discharging. The larger plane of the sheet-like porous third electrode 3 increases the contact area with the electrolyte, which is beneficial for electrolyte wetting.

[0045] The honeycomb-shaped porous structure of the third electrode 3 consists of numerous regular hexagonal pores, resembling a honeycomb shape. This honeycomb porous structure of the third electrode 3 possesses high porosity and specific surface area, providing a large number of active sites. The regular arrangement of the honeycomb structure facilitates uniform ion transport, improving the battery's charge and discharge efficiency. Furthermore, this structure exhibits good mechanical stability, capable of withstanding certain pressure and deformation.

[0046] Among them, the pore size of the porous structure of the third electrode 3 also affects the lithium replenishment and repair of lithium-ion batteries.

[0047] If the pore size is too small, it will hinder lithium-ion transport. For example, when the pore size is smaller than the diameter of a lithium ion, it is difficult for lithium ions to enter the pore, which restricts their diffusion path in the electrode material, thereby reducing the lithium-ion transport efficiency and slowing down the charging and discharging speed of the battery.

[0048] While larger pore sizes allow lithium ions to enter the pores more easily, they may also increase the diffusion distance within the pores and lead to uneven local lithium ion concentrations. This is analogous to being in a spacious but disordered space where lithium ions take longer to reach their destination, thus affecting the battery's rate performance.

[0049] When the pore size is appropriate, it is beneficial for the rapid transport of lithium ions. In some embodiments, the particle size of the pores on the third electrode 3 is 50–1000 μm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the third electrode 3 is a mesh electrode. The unique structure of the mesh electrode gives it a larger specific surface area, providing more reactive sites compared to traditional planar electrodes. This means that during the battery's charge and discharge processes, more areas can undergo electrochemical reactions, resulting in more complete and uniform battery reactions. The mesh electrode structure typically possesses a certain degree of toughness and strength. When the battery undergoes multiple charge-discharge cycles and the electrode material experiences volume changes, the mesh structure can better withstand these stress changes, reducing electrode material shedding and pulverization. This is crucial for maintaining electrode performance stability and extending battery life. For example, in some rechargeable lithium batteries, the electrode material expands and contracts during charge and discharge; the mesh electrode can, to some extent, buffer the stress caused by these volume changes, protecting the integrity of the electrode structure.

[0051] During charging and discharging, ion transport is necessary between the electrodes and the electrolyte. Mesh electrodes, with their large porous structure, allow the electrolyte to penetrate more smoothly into the electrode interior, providing sufficient reactants for the electrochemical reaction and promptly removing reaction products. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, lithium ions can move more quickly through the pores of the mesh electrode, reducing concentration polarization, thereby lowering the battery's internal resistance, improving charging and discharging efficiency, reducing battery losses during charging and discharging, and indirectly extending battery life.

[0052] During battery use, uneven current distribution can lead to localized overheating or excessive reactions, accelerating battery aging and damage. Mesh electrodes, due to their unique structure, enable a more uniform current distribution across the electrode surface. This uniform current distribution prevents localized overcharging or over-discharging, reducing irreversible damage to electrode materials and extending the overall battery life. For example, in large energy storage batteries, uniform current distribution improves the consistency of the battery pack, reducing the problem of shortened overall battery life caused by the performance degradation of individual cells. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of mesh electrodes make them more closely related to the electrochemical reactions within the battery. Monitoring parameters such as the potential and current of the mesh electrodes allows for a more accurate understanding of the internal reaction state and aging level of the battery.

[0053] When the third electrode is a mesh electrode, its porosity is 30-60%. Because high-rate charge / discharge batteries require rapid ion transport and reaction kinetics, they typically require higher porosity and larger pore sizes to reduce concentration polarization and charge transfer resistance. For example, in some power tool or hybrid vehicle batteries, the porosity may reach 50%-60%, with pore sizes exceeding the micrometer scale. Conversely, for batteries with lower charge / discharge speed requirements, such as backup power supplies or energy storage batteries, the porosity can be relatively lower (30-50%) to improve the battery's volumetric energy density and cycle life.

[0054] In some embodiments, the third electrode 3 includes a lithium source material and a carrier. The carrier is one of nickel mesh, nickel foam, carbon fiber cloth, and carbon aerogel.

[0055] The lithium source material in the third electrode 3 can be metallic lithium, including but not limited to lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, lithium manganese iron phosphate, etc., which can provide lithium. Regarding the lithium source carrier, this carrier uses a porous material with conductivity. This carrier can be carbon aerogel with pore sizes of fifty to several hundred micrometers, or it can be nickel foam, nickel mesh, carbon fiber, conductive fiber cloth, other metal foams, porous carriers, or conductive media that can be processed to create pores, etc. The lithium source material is loaded into the carrier through physical methods such as mechanical rolling, pore creation, coating and drying, or impregnation and drying, or through methods such as electroplating and chemical reactions to form the porous third electrode 3. This allows lithium ions in the electrolyte to shuttle within it, forming a battery circuit, thereby enabling redox reactions to occur at the cathode and anode.

[0056] In some embodiments, the battery management system 7 is a microcontroller-based battery management system or an intelligent battery management system.

[0057] The battery management system 7 in this application can be a microcontroller-based battery management system (MCU) or a smart battery management system (BMS).

[0058] A microcontroller-based battery management system (MCU) uses the microcontroller as the core control unit to monitor key parameters of the battery in real time, such as voltage, current, and temperature. It samples the battery voltage using a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC), achieving millivolt-level accuracy. Based on preset thresholds and algorithms, it precisely controls the charging and discharging currents during lithium replenishment, thus enabling accurate control of the amount of lithium replenished.

[0059] The intelligent battery management system (BMS) integrates multiple functions, including battery status monitoring, charge / discharge control, fault diagnosis, and protection. It can not only accurately measure battery voltage, current, and temperature, but also calculate the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) through internal algorithms. During lithium replenishment, it can precisely adjust the amount of lithium replenished based on changes in SOC and SOH, and can promptly cut off the circuit in case of abnormal conditions, such as excessively high battery temperature or excessive current during replenishment, ensuring the safety and quantitative accuracy of the lithium replenishment process.

[0060] In some embodiments, the housing is an aluminum alloy housing with a heat dissipation channel structure.

[0061] In this application, the casing uses a material with good thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum alloy casing, which helps dissipate heat from the battery and prevents accelerated aging due to excessive internal temperature. Simultaneously, the casing can be designed with heat sinks or heat dissipation channels to dissipate heat generated inside the battery in a timely manner, reducing the risk of thermal runaway. For example, in electric vehicle battery packs, the heat dissipation design of the casing can prevent the battery from overheating and shortening its lifespan during high-power charging and discharging.

[0062] In some embodiments, the battery cell 1 further includes a separator, an electrolyte, and a battery cell housing. The separator is used to separate the positive electrode 4, the third electrode 3, and the negative electrode 2. The battery cell housing is used to encapsulate the positive electrode 4, the third electrode 3, the negative electrode 2, the separator, and the electrolyte. The separator is a ceramic separator.

[0063] In this application, the separator used in cell 1 is made of a separator material with high chemical stability, such as a ceramic separator. A ceramic separator is typically made by coating a traditional polyolefin separator (such as polyethylene or polypropylene) with a layer of ceramic material. This ceramic material effectively improves the thermal and chemical stability of the separator, preventing oxidation or corrosion under high voltage and high temperature conditions, thereby avoiding internal short circuits and extending battery life.

[0064] The porosity and pore size of the separator also affect ion transport and battery life. A separator with suitable porosity and pore size can promote the rapid transport of lithium ions while preventing the passage of larger particles or impurities.

[0065] Pore ​​size affects ion selectivity. A suitable pore size should allow lithium ions (approximately 0.076 nm in diameter) to pass freely while preventing the passage of large particles or impurities. For example, a pore size of 50 nm to 100 nm effectively prevents larger particles from migrating from the positive to the negative electrode, avoiding short circuits between electrodes, while ensuring smooth lithium ion transport. If the pore size is too large (over 200 nm), it may increase the risk of lithium dendrites penetrating the separator, especially during high-rate charge / discharge cycles or battery aging. Lithium dendrites may grow through larger pores to the negative electrode, causing a short circuit. Smaller pore sizes (approximately 50 nm) may affect electrolyte wetting, making it difficult for the electrolyte to distribute evenly in the separator and electrode materials, thus affecting lithium ion transport efficiency and battery performance. Larger pore sizes, on the other hand, facilitate electrolyte penetration, but a trade-off between safety and the risk of lithium dendrite formation is necessary.

[0066] Higher porosity is beneficial for ion transport. When the porosity reaches 40% or higher, lithium ions transport relatively quickly within the separator, reducing the battery's internal resistance and improving its charge / discharge efficiency. For example, in high-rate charge / discharge scenarios, higher porosity ensures sufficient lithium ions can quickly pass through the separator to meet the demands of high current. However, excessively high porosity may reduce the mechanical strength of the separator, making it more susceptible to damage from volume changes in the electrode materials during battery use. If the porosity exceeds 70%, the separator is more vulnerable to electrode material expansion during long-term use, increasing the risk of separator rupture and potentially leading to a short circuit.

[0067] Therefore, this application uses a separator with a pore size of 50nm to 200nm and a porosity of approximately 40% to 60% to meet the requirements of high energy density and high-rate charge and discharge, and to help reduce battery internal resistance, improve charge and discharge efficiency, and extend battery life.

[0068] In some embodiments, cell 1 further includes an electrolyte. This application selects highly stable electrolyte solvents, such as fluorocarbonates, which can improve the electrolyte's oxidation resistance and thermal stability, and reduce electrolyte decomposition under high voltage and high temperature. For example, using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) can improve the battery's electrochemical performance and cycle life.

[0069] This application also allows for the addition of functional electrolyte additives, such as film-forming additives, to the electrolyte, enabling the formation of a stable SEI film on the electrode surface and reducing side reactions between the electrolyte and electrode materials. For example, vinylene carbonate (VC), as an additive, can form a uniform and stable SEI film on the negative electrode surface, inhibiting excessive SEI film growth and lithium ion consumption. Furthermore, a suitable lithium salt, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), can be selected. LiPF6 possesses high ionic conductivity and good chemical stability, but is prone to decomposition. It can be mixed with other lithium salts to improve the overall performance of the electrolyte.

[0070] The battery provided in this application, which can quantitatively restore the capacity of lithium-ion batteries, achieves precise optimization of the lithium replenishment process by setting a third electrode with a porous or mesh structure in the battery in conjunction with a battery management system, thereby ensuring both the effectiveness of lithium replenishment and the safety and performance stability of the battery.

[0071] As can be seen from the above embodiments, this application provides a battery capable of quantitatively restoring the capacity of a lithium-ion battery. This battery includes a casing and a cell, a power replenishment system, and a battery management system disposed within the casing. The power replenishment system is connected to the battery management system via a wiring harness. The cell includes a negative electrode, a third electrode, and a positive electrode. The third electrode stores lithium ions and is used to replenish lithium to the negative and positive electrodes. The third electrode is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode. The number of negative and positive electrodes is greater than or equal to one, and a third electrode layer is present between each pair of negative and positive electrodes. The battery management system is connected to the negative electrode, the third electrode, and the positive electrode via wiring harnesses. This application places the third electrode between the positive and negative electrodes. The size of the third electrode is comparable to that of the positive electrode. The third electrode has a porous or mesh structure, which does not obstruct the lithium-ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes, and the third electrode can stably exist in the electrolyte even when not in operation (dormant). Simultaneously, the battery management system monitors the battery's voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters in real time to calculate the actual capacity change of the battery. When the battery capacity drops to a certain threshold, or when the battery's health status indicates the need for lithium replenishment, the lithium replenishment process is initiated. Based on the assessment of battery capacity loss, the required amount of lithium to be replenished is calculated. Using stored initial battery capacity information and current actual capacity measurements, the amount of lithium to be replenished is precisely calculated to achieve accurate optimization of the lithium-ion battery replenishment process, ensuring both the effectiveness of replenishment and the safety and performance stability of the battery.

[0072] Similar parts between the embodiments provided in this application can be referred to mutually. The specific implementation methods provided above are only a few examples under the overall concept of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. For those skilled in the art, any other implementation methods extended from the solution of this application without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery that can quantitatively repair the capacity of a lithium-ion battery, characterized by, The battery comprises a shell, an electric core (1), an energy supplement system (5) and a battery management system (7) arranged in the shell; the energy supplement system (5) is connected with the battery management system (7) through a wire harness (6); The electric core (1) comprises a negative electrode (2), a third electrode (3) and a positive electrode (4); the third electrode (3) stores lithium ions, and is used for supplementing lithium for the negative electrode (2) and the positive electrode (4); the third electrode (3) is a porous electrode or a mesh electrode; the number of the negative electrode (2) and the positive electrode (4) is greater than or equal to 1, and the negative electrode (2) and the positive electrode (4) appear in pairs, and each pair of negative electrode (2) and positive electrode (4) has a layer of third electrode (3) therebetween; The battery management system (7) is connected with the negative electrode (2), the third electrode (3) and the positive electrode (4) through the wire harness (6) respectively.

2. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, When the third electrode (3) is a porous electrode, the porous shape of the third electrode (3) is one of spherical, sheet-shaped or honeycomb-shaped.

3. The battery of claim 2, wherein the battery is capable of quantitatively repairing lithium-ion battery capacity. The particle size of the porous third electrode (3) is 50-1000 microns.

4. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, The third electrode (3) comprises a lithium source material and a carrier.

5. The battery of claim 4, wherein the battery is capable of quantitatively repairing lithium-ion battery capacity. The carrier is one of a nickel mesh, a nickel foam, a carbon fiber cloth and a carbon aerogel.

6. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, The battery management system (7) is a microcontroller-based battery management system or an intelligent battery management system.

7. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, The shell is an aluminum alloy shell with a heat dissipation channel structure.

8. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, The electric core (1) further comprises a separator and an electrolyte, the separator is a ceramic separator, and the pore size of the separator is 50-200 nm.

9. The quantitatively restorable lithium-ion battery capacity battery of claim 1, wherein, When the third electrode (3) is a mesh electrode, the porosity of the third electrode (3) is 30-60%.

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