Sludge dewatering device

Abstract

The utility model relates to solid waste treatment technical field, and disclose a kind of sludge dewatering device, comprising: filter cartridge, air cavity, material collecting tank, rack, the inside fixedly connected with filter cartridge of air cavity, the side fixedly connected with material collecting tank of rack, the top of rack is provided with air cavity;Drainage assembly between the setting of barrel and rack, the drainage assembly is used to concentrate the water filtered out to sludge and discharge;Dehydration extrusion assembly is set in the inside of filter cartridge, the side fixedly connected with motor mounting cover of barrel, the inside of motor mounting cover is provided with dehydration extrusion assembly;Discharge assembly is set in the side of barrel, the discharge assembly is used to concentrate the sludge of dehydration and discharge;Exhaust component is set in the top and inside of barrel, the exhaust component is used to carry out exhaust extraction pressure to the inside of barrel, and this sludge dewatering device is through spiral gradual change extrusion, intermittent vacuum pressurization and structure design, and dehydration is efficiently carried out to moisture content 30% or less.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment technology, specifically to a sludge dewatering device. Background Technology

[0002] The treatment of sticky solid waste mainly covers two aspects: volume reduction and material separation. The treatment of hazardous substances involves extraction and separation based on their chemical properties. Material separation is a process of removing impurities, and relatively pure substances are obtained after continuous screening and separation. A major characteristic of sticky solid waste is its high water content, which greatly increases the difficulty of material separation and thus limits its resource development and utilization. Therefore, it is crucial to find a convenient and efficient way to dehydrate sticky solid waste.

[0003] Currently, dewatering technologies include: concentration dewatering, including gravity concentration, flotation concentration, and centrifugal concentration; mechanical dewatering methods are further divided into centrifugal dewatering, screw extrusion, inclined plate screen, and rotary screen. Among the dewatering methods for organic waste, mechanical dewatering is widely used due to its convenience, low energy consumption, and ability to operate continuously. Inclined plate screens and rotary screens are both solid-liquid separation methods, and their removal rate depends on the size of the screen openings. Their disadvantages are low removal rates and easy clogging of the screen openings, failing to meet the requirements of high-efficiency dewatering. Sludge treated by traditional concentration and high-efficiency dewatering processes requires deep dewatering to achieve a moisture content below 60%. Screw extrusion dewatering technology utilizes gravity concentration and pressure dewatering to reduce moisture content. During the continuous rotation and extrusion of the screw, water... The solids are gradually separated from the organic solid waste, thus achieving a certain degree of solid-liquid separation and greatly improving the difficulty of subsequent processing of solid waste. At present, the screw dewatering machine has the advantages of simple operation and low energy consumption. However, its disadvantages have gradually been exposed during use. For example, in the process of the screw press dewatering machine compressing solid waste, water flows out from the dewatering hole, and the solid material moves with the rotation of the screw. Due to the influence of gravity and the compression of the screw, some solid waste will continuously enter the dewatering hole, some mud will fall from the drain hole into the drain pipe under pressure and flow away with the water, while some will be completely blocked in the drain hole, causing water to be unable to flow out from the drain hole in time. It must be cleaned manually before it can work, thus greatly reducing the dewatering rate and productivity.

[0004] In recent years, dewatering equipment for treating viscous waste has developed rapidly, but most technologies still have corresponding defects and have not met the standards for subsequent treatment and disposal of viscous waste. Therefore, we propose a sludge dewatering device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a sludge dewatering device that solves the aforementioned problems.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A sludge dewatering device, comprising: The machine includes a filter cartridge, an air chamber, a material collection trough, and a frame. The filter cartridge is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber, the material collection trough is fixedly connected to the side of the frame, and the air chamber is provided on the top of the frame. A drainage assembly is installed between the cylinder and the frame, which is used to centrally discharge the water filtered from the sludge; A dewatering and squeezing assembly is installed inside the filter cartridge. A motor mounting cover is fixedly connected to the side of the cartridge, and the dewatering and squeezing assembly is installed inside the motor mounting cover. A discharge assembly is provided on the side of the cylinder, which is used to centrally discharge the dewatered sludge; An exhaust assembly is installed at the top and inside of the cylinder, which is used to exhaust and pressurize the interior of the cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the drainage component includes a drainage trough and a drainage outlet. The bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the drainage trough, the bottom of the drainage trough is fixedly connected to a frame, the side of the drainage trough is fixedly connected to the drainage outlet, and the bottom of the cylinder is provided with equally spaced water outlet holes.

[0008] Preferably, the dewatering and extrusion assembly includes a rotating shaft with helical blades, a motor, and a motor mounting cover. The motor mounting cover is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder, and the motor is fixedly connected to the inner side of the motor mounting cover. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft with helical blades, and the inner side of the filter cylinder is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft with helical blades.

[0009] Preferably, the pitch of the helical blades on the outer side of the rotating shaft with helical blades gradually decreases, and the pitch of the helical blades on the side closer to the motor is small.

[0010] Preferably, the filter cartridge has a feed inlet on its side and filter holes that are evenly distributed on its outer side. The diameter of the filter holes is 0.02 to 2 cm, and the diameter of the water outlet is 2 cm to 4 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the discharge assembly includes a back pressure plate and a discharge port. The discharge port is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder, and the back pressure plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the discharge port. The back pressure plate is slidably connected to the side of the filter cartridge.

[0012] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes an air chamber, an air port, and a check valve. An air chamber is provided between the filter cartridge and the cylinder body. An air port pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder body. An air port is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air port pipe. A check valve is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder body.

[0013] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: A sludge dewatering device is provided, which has the following beneficial effects: This sludge dewatering device mixes sludge with a conditioning agent and feeds it into a screw dewatering machine. Utilizing a gradually changing screw pitch design with spiral blades, the sludge undergoes radial circumferential motion, continuously increasing the dewatering pressure. Simultaneously, intermittent vacuuming and a 2-minute pressurization after vacuuming create a pressure difference in the air cavity between the cylinder and the filter cartridge, enhancing the suction and compression effects. Combined with specific openings in the filter cartridge, a water outlet at the bottom of the cylinder, and a check valve to balance air pressure, this device can reduce the sludge moisture content from 93% to below 30%. It boasts advantages such as high-efficiency dewatering, anti-clogging, low energy consumption, easy operation, and compatibility with various types of viscous sludge, achieving sludge reduction and discharge. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the present invention broken down; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the diagram; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Filter cartridge; 3. Rotating shaft with helical blades; 4. Air chamber; 5. Cylinder; 6. Air port; 7. Check valve; 8. Back pressure plate; 9. Motor; 10. Discharge port; 11. Water outlet; 12. Collection trough; 13. Drainage trough; 14. Drain outlet; 15. Frame; 16. Air port pipe; 17. Motor mounting cover; 18. Rotating shaft; 19. Variable pitch helical blades. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Please see Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution: A sludge dewatering device, comprising: The filter cartridge 2, air chamber 4, collection trough 12, and frame 15 are provided. The filter cartridge 2 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber 4, the collection trough 12 is fixedly connected to the side of the frame 15, and the air chamber 4 is provided on the top of the frame 15. A drainage assembly is installed between the cylinder 5 and the frame 15. The drainage assembly is used to centrally discharge the water filtered from the sludge. The dewatering and squeezing assembly is set inside the filter cartridge 2. The side of the cartridge 5 is fixedly connected to the motor mounting cover 17, and the dewatering and squeezing assembly is set inside the motor mounting cover 17. The discharge assembly is located on the side of the cylinder 5. The discharge assembly is used to centrally discharge the dewatered sludge. An exhaust assembly is installed at the top and inside of the cylinder 5. The exhaust assembly is used to exhaust and pressurize the inside of the cylinder 5.

[0018] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a drainage trough 13 and a drainage outlet 14. The bottom of the cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the drainage trough 13, the bottom of the drainage trough 13 is fixedly connected to the frame 15, the side of the drainage trough 13 is fixedly connected to the drainage outlet 14, and the bottom of the cylinder 5 is provided with equally spaced water outlet holes 11. Through the action of the drainage assembly, the water filtered from inside the sludge is discharged in a concentrated manner.

[0019] Furthermore, the dewatering and squeezing assembly includes a rotating shaft 3 with helical blades, a motor 9, and a motor mounting cover 17. The motor mounting cover 17 is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder 5, and the motor 9 is fixedly connected to the inside of the motor mounting cover 17. The output shaft of the motor 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3 with helical blades, and the rotating shaft 3 with helical blades is rotatably connected to the inside of the filter cylinder 2. Through the action of the dewatering and squeezing assembly, the sludge is squeezed and drained.

[0020] Furthermore, the pitch of the helical blades on the outer side of the rotating shaft 3 with helical blades gradually decreases, and the pitch of the helical blades on the side closer to the motor 9 is small.

[0021] Furthermore, the filter cylinder 2 has a feed inlet 1 on its side and filter holes with equal spacing on its outer side. The diameter of the filter holes is 0.02 to 2 cm, and the diameter of the water outlet 11 is 2 cm to 4 cm.

[0022] Furthermore, the discharge assembly includes a back pressure plate 8 and a discharge port 10. The discharge port 10 is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder 5, and the back pressure plate 8 is slidably connected to the inner side of the discharge port 10. The back pressure plate 8 is slidably connected to the side of the filter cartridge 2.

[0023] Furthermore, the exhaust assembly includes an air chamber 4, an air port 6, and a check valve 7. An air chamber 4 is provided between the filter cartridge 2 and the cylinder 5. An air port pipe 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 5, and an air port 6 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air port pipe 16. A check valve 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 5.

[0024] Structural Description: Filter cartridge 2: Cylindrical porous structure, with a feed inlet 1 and filter holes with a diameter of 0.02-2cm on the side, a rotating shaft 3 with spiral blades rotatably connected on the inner side, and an air cavity 4 formed with the cylinder body 5 on the outer side, used for sludge filtration and dewatering; Air cavity 4: The cavity between filter cartridge 2 and cylinder 5, which is connected to air port 6 through air port pipe 16. It can be connected to an external vacuum pump or pressurizing pump to achieve intermittent vacuuming and pressurization, thereby enhancing the dehydration effect. Collection trough 12: A trough fixed to the side of the frame 15, connected to the discharge port 10, used to collect dewatered sludge; Frame 15: The device support structure, with an air cavity 4 at the top and a material collection trough 12 fixed on the side, providing an installation base for each component; Cylinder 5: A cylindrical cavity with an air inlet pipe 16 and a check valve 7 at the top, and water outlet holes 11 evenly distributed at the bottom with a diameter of 2-4 cm. A motor mounting cover 17 and a discharge port 10 are fixed on the side. The interior contains the filter cartridge 2 and the dewatering assembly. Drainage assembly: includes a drainage trough 13 and a drain outlet 14. Water seeping from the water outlet 11 at the bottom of the cylinder 5 flows into the drainage trough 13 and is discharged through the drain outlet 14. Dewatering and squeezing assembly: includes a rotating shaft 3 with helical blades, a motor 9, and a motor mounting cover 17. The motor 9 is fixed to the side of the cylinder 5 through the motor mounting cover 17, driving the rotating shaft 3 with helical blades to rotate. The pitch of the helical blades gradually changes and becomes smaller when it approaches the motor side, pushing the sludge to be squeezed and dewatered inside the filter cylinder 2. Discharge assembly: includes a back pressure plate 8 and a discharge port 10. The back pressure plate 8 is slidably connected to the end of the filter cylinder 2 and the inside of the discharge port 10. During dewatering, it provides reverse resistance to enhance extrusion. During discharge, it slides open to allow the mud cake to be discharged from the discharge port 10. Exhaust assembly: includes air chamber 4, air port 6, and check valve 7. Air port 6 is connected to air chamber 4 through air port pipe 16 and is used to connect a vacuum pump or a pressure pump. Check valve 7 is installed on the top of cylinder 5 and automatically balances the pressure when the air pressure in the air chamber is abnormal. Motor mounting cover 17: A closed structure fixed to the side of the cylinder 5, with the motor 9 installed inside, protecting the motor and supporting its drive shaft 3 with helical blades; Feed inlet 1: An opening on the side of filter cartridge 2, which communicates with the inside of the filter cartridge, for feeding in a mixture of sludge and conditioning agent; Check valve 7: A one-way valve installed on the top of the cylinder 5. It automatically opens when the air pressure in the air chamber 4 is too high or too low to balance the pressure in the chamber. Back pressure plate 8: A plate-shaped component that is slidably connected to the end of the filter cartridge 2 and the inside of the discharge port 10. It adjusts the resistance applied during the dewatering stage and the opening of the channel during the discharge stage by sliding. Air inlet pipe 16: A tubular structure connecting the top of the cylinder 5 to the air inlet 6, serving as a channel for gas to enter and exit the air chamber 4; Drainage trough 13: A trough-shaped structure fixed below the water outlet 11 at the bottom of the cylinder 5, which collects the water seeping out of the filter cartridge 2 and guides it to the drain outlet 14; Rotating shaft 3 with helical blades: The rotating shaft inside the filter cartridge 2, with helical blades of gradually varying pitch fixed on the outside, is driven to rotate by motor 9, pushing the sludge to move radially inside the filter cartridge and gradually squeezing and dewatering it; Working principle: When this invention is used, sludge with high water content (such as urban water plant sludge, with an initial water content of 93%) is first thoroughly mixed with an iron salt conditioner (ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferrous sulfate hydrate, added at 0.01% to 1% of the sludge mass) in an external mixing device. The conditioner reduces the surface charge repulsion of sludge particles through charge neutralization and bridging, causing the viscous sludge flocs to aggregate and improving its dewatering performance. The mixed sludge enters the filter cartridge 2 through the feed inlet 1, with one end of the filter cartridge connected to the feed inlet. One end is open, and the other end is sealed by a back pressure plate 8, forming a spiral extrusion working chamber. A rotating shaft 3 with spiral blades is installed inside the filter cylinder. One end of the shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 9, and the other end is supported by a bearing on the feed inlet side of the cylinder 5. After the motor 9 is started, the rotating shaft 3 drives the spiral blades to rotate at high speed, pushing the sludge to make radial circumferential motion inside the filter cylinder. The pitch of the spiral blades is designed as a gradual structure, with a smaller pitch on the side closer to the motor and a larger pitch on the side farther from the motor. This design ensures that the sludge is compressed as it moves toward the discharge port 10. The force gradually increases as the screw pitch decreases: In the initial stage (the area with a larger screw pitch), the sludge is primarily dewatered by gravity; after entering the area with a smaller screw pitch, the axial thrust of the helical blades is converted into radial extrusion force, forcing the water in the sludge to be squeezed out from the filter holes (0.02-2 cm in diameter) on the filter cartridge wall, while solid particles are retained inside the filter cartridge. Simultaneously with the helical extrusion, the device achieves intermittent vacuuming and pressurization through an exhaust assembly. The air pump is connected to the air inlet pipe 16 at the top of the cylinder 5 via air inlet 6, which controls the pressure on the filter cartridge 2 and the cylinder 5. Vacuuming is performed in air chamber 4 to create a negative pressure state (vacuum degree 0.01~100kPa). During this process, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter cartridge will enhance the filter cartridge's suction effect on sludge. At the same time, the vacuum environment can reduce the surface tension of the water in the sludge gaps, making it easier for the water to detach from solid particles. The vacuuming interval is 10~25min, and each vacuuming lasts for 15~20min. After the vacuuming is completed, the pressurization pump is started after a 2min delay, and compressed air is injected into air chamber 4 through air port 6, so that the pressure inside the chamber rises rapidly to 0.At a pressure of 1-50 MPa for 2-4 minutes, the high-pressure environment further compresses the sludge inside the filter cartridge, while simultaneously impacting the blockages on the filter pore surface. Combined with the mechanical scraping of the spiral blades, this achieves a self-cleaning effect, preventing filter pore blockage. When the pressure inside the air chamber is abnormal (too high or too low), the check valve 7 automatically opens, releasing or drawing in gas to balance the pressure and ensure safe operation of the device. The squeezed-out water enters the air chamber 4 through the filter pores in the filter cartridge wall, then flows into the drainage trough 13 through the water outlet 11 (2-4 cm diameter) at the bottom of the cylinder 5, and is finally discharged from the drain outlet 14. The dewatered sludge, propelled by the spiral blades, reaches the end of the filter cartridge, where it is blocked by the back pressure plate 8, forming a peak pressure zone that further removes residual moisture. When the back pressure plate 8 slides open, the dry sludge is discharged from the discharge port 10 into the collection trough 12, with its moisture content reduced to below 30%. Throughout the process, the rotation of the spiral blades and the resistance of the back pressure plate form a dynamic balance, ensuring dewatering efficiency and discharge stability.

[0025] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sludge dewatering device, characterized in that: include: The filter cartridge (2), air chamber (4), collection trough (12), and frame (15) are provided. The filter cartridge (2) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber (4), the collection trough (12) is fixedly connected to the side of the frame (15), and the air chamber (4) is provided on the top of the frame (15). A drainage assembly is provided between the cylinder (5) and the frame (15) for the centralized discharge of water filtered from the sludge; A dewatering extrusion assembly is provided inside the filter cartridge (2). A motor mounting cover (17) is fixedly connected to the side of the cartridge (5). The dewatering extrusion assembly is provided inside the motor mounting cover (17). The dewatering and extrusion assembly includes a rotating shaft (3) with helical blades, a motor (9), and a motor mounting cover (17). The side of the cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the motor mounting cover (17), and the inside of the motor mounting cover (17) is fixedly connected to the motor (9). The output shaft of the motor (9) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (3) with helical blades, and the inside of the filter cylinder (2) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (3) with helical blades. A discharge assembly is provided on the side of the cylinder (5), which is used to centrally discharge the dewatered sludge; An exhaust assembly is provided at the top and inside of the cylinder (5), which is used to exhaust and pressurize the inside of the cylinder (5).

2. The sludge dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage assembly includes a drainage trough (13) and a drainage outlet (14). The bottom of the cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the drainage trough (13), the bottom of the drainage trough (13) is fixedly connected to the frame (15), the side of the drainage trough (13) is fixedly connected to the drainage outlet (14), and the bottom of the cylinder (5) is provided with equally spaced water outlet holes (11).

3. The sludge dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral blades on the outer side of the rotating shaft (3) with spiral blades gradually decreases, and the pitch of the spiral blades on the side closer to the motor (9) is small.

4. The sludge dewatering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter cylinder (2) has a feed inlet (1) on its side and filter holes that are evenly distributed on its outer side. The diameter of the filter holes is 0.02 to 2 cm and the diameter of the water outlet (11) is 2 cm to 4 cm.

5. The sludge dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge assembly includes a back pressure plate (8) and a discharge port (10). The discharge port (10) is fixedly connected to the side of the cylinder (5). The back pressure plate (8) is slidably connected to the inner side of the discharge port (10). The back pressure plate (8) is slidably connected to the side of the filter cylinder (2).

6. The sludge dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust assembly includes an air chamber (4), an air port (6), and a check valve (7). An air chamber (4) is provided between the filter cartridge (2) and the cylinder (5). An air port pipe (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (5). An air port (6) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air port pipe (16). A check valve (7) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (5).

Images