A load-adjustable motor clutch device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of motor clutch device of dynamic load adjustment, including motor, transmission mechanism, controller and clutch mechanism. Clutch mechanism is made of ratchet wheel and paddle, is located on transmission path. When motor positive rotation, paddle is disconnected with ratchet wheel, load is separated from power, realizes artificial free pay-off without resistance;When motor reverses, paddle is embedded in ratchet wheel tooth groove, power transmission is to drum, realizes constant speed automatic pay-off. Transmission mechanism adopts small sprocket, chain, large sprocket and coaxial drum structure, realizes deceleration and torque increase. Ratchet wheel is one-way bevel gear, ensure one-way locking. The device is equipped with inductive switch and controller cooperation, automatically detects clutch state and executes safety start-stop logic, ensure reliable engagement before reversing. Compact overall structure, response is reliable, without additional power element, applicable to agricultural pesticide spraying, cable laying and other need flexible feeding and automatic recovery scene, significantly improve operation convenience and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electromechanical transmission and automation control technology, and in particular to a motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load. Background Technology

[0002] In practical applications such as agricultural machinery, cable laying, and pipeline wiring, motor-driven rollers are often required to handle loads such as cables, hoses, or mulch films. Traditional devices often use direct motor drive or sprocket roller structures with a fixed transmission ratio. The motor drives the load at a fixed speed in both forward and reverse rotation, causing operators to have to overcome resistance from the motor and transmission system during manual feeding or free laying, resulting in difficult dragging and a poor user experience. This is especially problematic in operations requiring flexible control of speed and position, such as manual application of pesticides with pneumatic sprayers, greenhouse film rolling, and field laying. Fixed-speed feeding severely restricts operational freedom, forcing users to adapt to the equipment's rhythm, leading to low efficiency and fatigue. While some devices allow remote control adjustment of the motor speed, true "resistance-free free dragging" is still not possible. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load, which solves the problems of large drag resistance, unsmooth operation, and inability to automatically switch between "free line feeding" and "constant speed recovery" modes in the prior art when motor drive equipment requires manual flexible feeding.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load includes a motor, a transmission mechanism driven by the motor, and a controller for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. It also includes a clutch mechanism disposed on the power path of the transmission mechanism, comprising a ratchet and a paddle that selectively locks or disengages from the ratchet. In response to the controller controlling the motor to rotate forward, the paddle disengages from the ratchet, disengaging the load from the motor's power output. In response to the controller controlling the motor to rotate in reverse, the paddle remains locked to the ratchet, allowing the motor's power to be transmitted to the load via the transmission mechanism.

[0006] To achieve the above technical solution, this device incorporates a mechanical clutch mechanism consisting of a ratchet and a paddle in the transmission path, enabling the separation and connection of the load and motor power. When the controller controls the motor to rotate forward, the paddle and ratchet slip due to relative motion, entering a disengaged state. At this time, although the motor runs, power is not transmitted to the load, allowing the load to be manually dragged freely, achieving flexible feeding at any speed without resistance. When the motor rotates in reverse, the paddle and ratchet automatically engage and remain locked, with power stably output through the transmission mechanism, achieving controllable constant-speed recovery. This structure requires no additional control components, relying on mechanical self-adaptation to complete the clutch action. It offers advantages such as reliable response, simple structure, and maintenance-free operation. It is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring "manual free feeding + electric constant-speed recovery," such as pneumatic sprayer refilling, mulch film laying, and cable laying, significantly improving operational comfort and work efficiency.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes: a roller coaxially arranged with the ratchet, for winding and releasing a cable or hose; and a gear set including a small sprocket disposed at the output end of the motor, a large sprocket coaxially arranged with the roller, and a chain meshing with the small sprocket and the large sprocket.

[0008] To achieve the above technical solution, the small sprocket at the motor output end drives the large sprocket and roller, which are coaxial with the ratchet, to rotate via a chain, forming a transmission path that reduces speed and increases torque. When the motor reverses, the clutch mechanism locks, and power is transmitted through the small sprocket → chain → large sprocket → roller, achieving stable retrieval of cables or hoses. When the motor rotates forward, the clutch mechanism disengages. Although the small sprocket and chain are still running, the roller is disconnected from the power system, and the cable or hose at the roller end can be freely pulled out manually, without being limited by the motor speed, achieving low-resistance, stepless speed-changing cable laying operation. This structure integrates the efficient transmission of chain drive with the roller's retrieval and laying functions. Combined with a one-way clutch mechanism, it ensures the reliability and controllability of the retrieval process while meeting the needs of flexible manual wiring under complex working conditions. It is particularly suitable for applications such as agricultural spraying hoses and cable laying.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the motor rotates forward, the paddle slides into contact with the tooth tip of the ratchet, causing the roller to disengage from the large sprocket;

[0010] When the motor reverses, the paddle is embedded in the tooth groove of the ratchet and drives the roller and the large sprocket to rotate synchronously.

[0011] To achieve the above technical solution, the mechanical engagement between the paddle and the ratchet is optimized, enabling precise clutch control between the drum and the transmission system. When the motor rotates forward, the paddle maintains sliding contact with the tooth top surface of the ratchet under the trend of motion, preventing it from engaging in the tooth groove, thus remaining disengaged. At this time, although the large sprocket rotates with the chain, power cannot be transmitted to the drum, achieving decoupling between the drum and the large sprocket. Operators can easily drag the cable or hose for free line release without overcoming motor resistance. When the motor rotates in reverse, the paddle accurately engages in the tooth groove of the ratchet under the action of the reverse force, forming a rigid connection, driving the drum and the large sprocket to rotate synchronously, achieving stable and constant-speed retrieval of the cable or hose. This structure utilizes the one-way meshing mechanism of sliding and locking between the paddle and the ratchet tooth top, ensuring the reliability and responsiveness of the clutch action. Without additional control components, it can automatically switch working modes in both forward and reverse operation, ensuring both the flexibility and low resistance of manual operation and achieving efficient and controllable motor retrieval.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a rigid mounting frame is further included, on which the motor and the roller are both mounted; the ratchet is mounted on the large sprocket, and the paddle is mounted on the roller.

[0013] To achieve the above technical solution, a rigid mounting frame is used to integrate the motor, large sprocket, roller, and clutch mechanism onto the same stable support structure. This ensures the coaxiality and relative position stability of each component during operation, effectively reducing vibration and transmission deviation, and improving the overall reliability and durability of the device. Specifically, the ratchet is fixedly mounted on the large sprocket and rotates synchronously with it and the chain. The paddle is mounted on the roller. When the motor rotates forward, the large sprocket drives the ratchet to rotate, but the paddle only slides against the ratchet teeth, disengaging the roller from the power source and allowing for manual dragging and unloading of the line. When the motor rotates in reverse, the paddle engages with the ratchet teeth, transmitting the power from the large sprocket to the roller, causing it to rotate synchronously and automatically reel in and unload the cable or hose.

[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, the teeth of the ratchet disc are unidirectional oblique teeth.

[0015] To achieve the above technical solution, the teeth of the ratchet disc adopt a unidirectional helical tooth structure. This design allows the paddle to slide off along the inclined surface of the teeth when the motor rotates forward, achieving automatic disengagement and ensuring that the roller is separated from the power system. The load can be manually dragged freely for unobstructed line feeding. When the motor rotates in reverse, the paddle quickly embeds into the tooth groove along the guide inclined surface of the teeth, forming a rigid lock and reliably transmitting power to achieve stable winding and unwinding of cables or hoses.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sensor switch is further included. The sensor switch is mounted on the roller and is used to detect the corresponding position of the paddle and the ratchet, and to feed back the position signal to the controller.

[0017] To achieve the above technical solution, this utility model adds an inductive switch to the roller to detect the relative position of the paddle and the ratchet in real time, thereby determining whether the clutch mechanism is currently in a "disengaged" or "locked" state, and feeding the position signal back to the controller in real time. Based on the received status signal, the controller can intelligently intervene in and safely interlock the motor's start / stop and forward / reverse logic.

[0018] In one embodiment of this utility model, after receiving a forward rotation command, the controller controls the motor to rotate forward until the inductive switch confirms that the paddle and the ratchet are in a disengaged state, at which point the motor stops rotating; after receiving a reverse rotation command, the controller first controls the motor to rotate forward until the inductive switch confirms that the paddle and the ratchet are in a locked position, at which point the controller controls the motor to rotate in reverse, and drives the roller to rotate through the locked state of the paddle and the ratchet.

[0019] The above technical solution achieves automatic calibration and safe start / stop of the clutch state through the coordinated control logic of the controller and the inductive switch. When the controller receives a forward rotation command, it controls the motor to start forward first, driving the ratchet to rotate until the inductive switch detects that the lever and ratchet are completely disengaged. At this point, the motor automatically stops, the load and power system are separated, and the operator can freely drag the cable or hose for unobstructed cable release. When a reverse rotation command is received, the controller first controls the motor to rotate forward, driving the ratchet to rotate. This causes the lever to automatically slide in and accurately align with the locking position of the ratchet teeth under the guidance of the unidirectional helical teeth. After the inductive switch confirms that the locking is in place, the controller immediately switches the motor to reverse operation. At this point, the lever and ratchet are reliably locked, and power is transmitted to the drum through the transmission mechanism, achieving stable retrieval of the cable or hose. This control logic ensures that the clutch mechanism is in the correct engagement state before each reverse retrieval, effectively avoiding tooth breakage, impact, or transmission failure caused by positional deviation, significantly improving the safety, reliability, and automation level of the device.

[0020] As described above, the motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load of this utility model has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load. By setting a one-way clutch mechanism composed of a ratchet and a paddle in the transmission path, combined with chain drive and roller take-up and unload system, it realizes intelligent power switching of "disengagement in forward rotation and locking in reverse rotation". When the motor rotates forward, the clutch mechanism automatically disengages, the load and power system are decoupled, and manual dragging can easily achieve free line release at any speed without resistance; when rotating in reverse, the clutch mechanism reliably locks, and the motor drives the roller to retract at a constant speed through the transmission mechanism, ensuring safe and efficient operation. Furthermore, through the cooperation of a one-way helical tooth ratchet, an inductive switch and intelligent control logic, automatic identification and precise alignment of the clutch state are realized, avoiding tooth breakage and malfunction, and improving system reliability. The overall structure is compact and responsive, requiring no additional power components, and is suitable for various complex working conditions requiring "disordered feeding + ordered recovery". Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Component designation explanation

[0024] 1. Motor; 2. Ratchet; 3. Paddle; 4. Roller; 5. Small sprocket; 6. Large sprocket; 7. Chain; 8. Mounting frame; 9. Inductive switch. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 2 This utility model provides a motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load, comprising: a motor 1, a transmission mechanism driven by the motor 1, and a controller for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 1, and further comprising a clutch mechanism disposed on the power path of the transmission mechanism, and including a ratchet 2 and a paddle 3 selectively locked or disengaged from the ratchet 2; wherein, in response to the controller controlling the motor 1 to rotate forward, the paddle 3 disengages from the ratchet 2, thereby disengaging the load from the power output of the motor 1; in response to the controller controlling the motor 1 to rotate in reverse, the paddle 3 remains locked from the ratchet 2, thereby transmitting the power of the motor 1 to the load via the transmission mechanism.

[0027] This device achieves the separation and connection of the load and the power of the motor 1 by setting a mechanical clutch mechanism consisting of a ratchet 2 and a paddle 3 in the transmission path. When the controller controls the motor 1 to rotate forward, the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 slip due to the relative motion tendency, entering a disengaged state. At this time, although the motor 1 is running, the power is not transmitted to the load, and the load can be dragged freely by hand, achieving flexible feeding at any speed without resistance. When the motor 1 rotates in reverse, the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 automatically abut and remain locked, and the power is stably output through the transmission mechanism, achieving controllable constant speed recovery. This structure does not require additional control components and relies on mechanical self-adaptation to complete the clutch action. It has the advantages of reliable response, simple structure, and maintenance-free operation. It is particularly suitable for operation scenarios that require "manual free feeding + electric constant speed recovery", such as pneumatic sprayer refilling, mulch film laying, and cable laying, which significantly improves operating comfort and work efficiency.

[0028] The transmission mechanism includes: a roller 4 coaxially arranged with the ratchet 2 for winding and releasing a cable or hose; and a gear set including a small sprocket 5 disposed at the output end of the motor 1, a large sprocket 6 coaxially arranged with the roller 4, and a chain 7 meshing with the small sprocket 5 and the large sprocket 6.

[0029] The small sprocket 5 at the output end of motor 1 drives the large sprocket 6 and roller 4, which are coaxial with ratchet 2, to rotate via chain 7, forming a transmission path that reduces speed and increases torque. When motor 1 rotates in reverse, the clutch mechanism locks, and power is transmitted through the small sprocket 5 → chain 7 → large sprocket 6 → roller 4, achieving stable retrieval of cables or hoses. When motor 1 rotates in the forward direction, the clutch mechanism disengages. Although the small sprocket 5 and chain 7 are still running, roller 4 is disconnected from the power system, and the cable or hose at the end of roller 4 can be freely pulled out manually without being limited by the speed of motor 1, achieving low-resistance, stepless speed-changing cable laying operation. This structure integrates the efficient transmission of chain drive with the retrieval and laying functions of roller 4, and with the one-way clutch mechanism, it ensures the reliability and controllability of the retrieval process, while also meeting the needs of flexible manual wiring under complex working conditions. It is particularly suitable for applications such as agricultural spraying hoses and cable laying.

[0030] When the motor 1 rotates forward, the paddle 3 slides in contact with the tooth top surface of the ratchet 2, causing the roller 4 to disengage from the large sprocket 6; when the motor 1 rotates in reverse, the paddle 3 is embedded in the tooth groove of the ratchet 2, and drives the roller 4 and the large sprocket 6 to rotate synchronously.

[0031] By optimizing the mechanical engagement between the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2, precise engagement and disengagement control of the drum 4 and the transmission system is achieved. When the motor 1 rotates forward, the paddle 3 maintains sliding contact with the tooth top surface of the ratchet 2 under the trend of motion, and cannot engage in the tooth groove, thus being in a disengaged state. At this time, although the large sprocket 6 rotates with the chain 7, the power cannot be transmitted to the drum 4, and the drum 4 and the large sprocket 6 are decoupled. The operator can easily drag the cable or hose for free line release without overcoming the resistance of the motor 1. When the motor 1 rotates in reverse, the paddle 3 accurately engages in the tooth groove of the ratchet 2 under the action of the reverse force, forming a rigid connection, driving the drum 4 and the large sprocket 6 to rotate synchronously, achieving stable and constant-speed retrieval of the cable or hose. This structure utilizes the one-way meshing mechanism of the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 tooth top sliding and tooth groove locking to ensure the reliability and responsiveness of the clutch action. Without additional control components, it can automatically switch working modes in forward and reverse conditions, ensuring both the flexibility and low resistance of manual operation, and achieving efficient and controllable retrieval of the motor 1.

[0032] It also includes a rigid mounting frame 8, on which the motor 1 and the roller 4 are both mounted; the ratchet 2 is mounted on the large sprocket 6, and the paddle 3 is mounted on the roller 4.

[0033] By setting up a rigid mounting frame 8, the motor 1, large sprocket 6, roller 4, and clutch mechanism are integrated onto the same stable support structure, ensuring the coaxiality and relative position stability of each component during operation, effectively reducing vibration and transmission deviation, and improving the reliability and durability of the overall device. Specifically, the ratchet 2 is fixedly mounted on the large sprocket 6 and rotates synchronously with the chain 7; the lever 3 is mounted on the roller 4. When the motor 1 rotates forward, the large sprocket 6 drives the ratchet 2 to rotate, but the lever 3 only slides against the tooth tip of the ratchet 2, disengaging the roller 4 from the power source, allowing for manual dragging and unloading of the line. When the motor 1 rotates in reverse, the lever 3 engages with the tooth groove of the ratchet 2, transmitting the power of the large sprocket 6 to the roller 4, causing it to rotate synchronously to complete the automatic deployment and retraction of the cable or hose.

[0034] The teeth of the ratchet disc 2 are of a one-way helical tooth structure. This design allows the paddle 3 to slide off along the inclined surface of the teeth when the motor 1 rotates forward, achieving automatic disengagement and ensuring that the roller 4 is separated from the power system. The load can then be manually dragged for unobstructed line feeding. When the motor 1 rotates in reverse, the paddle 3 quickly engages with the tooth groove along the guide inclined surface of the teeth, forming a rigid lock and reliably transmitting power to achieve stable cable or hose reeling and unloading.

[0035] It also includes a sensor switch 9, which is mounted on the roller 4 and is used to detect the corresponding position of the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2, and to feed back the position signal to the controller.

[0036] This invention adds an inductive switch 9 to the roller 4 to detect the relative position of the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 in real time, thereby determining whether the clutch mechanism is currently in a "disengaged" or "locked" state, and feeding the position signal back to the controller in real time. Based on the received status signal, the controller can intelligently intervene in and safely interlock the start / stop and forward / reverse logic of the motor 1.

[0037] After receiving a forward rotation command, the controller controls the motor 1 to rotate forward until the inductive switch 9 confirms that the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 are disengaged, at which point the motor 1 stops rotating. After receiving a reverse rotation command, the controller first controls the motor 1 to rotate forward until the inductive switch 9 confirms that the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 are locked, at which point the controller controls the motor 1 to rotate in reverse, and the locked state of the paddle 3 and the ratchet 2 drives the roller 4 to rotate.

[0038] Through the coordinated control logic of the controller and the inductive switch 9, automatic calibration and safe start / stop of the clutch state are achieved. When the controller receives a forward rotation command, the control motor 1 starts forward first, driving the ratchet 2 to rotate until the inductive switch 9 detects that the lever 3 and the ratchet 2 are completely disengaged. At this time, the motor 1 automatically stops, the load and power system are separated, and the operator can freely drag the cable or hose for unobstructed line release. When a reverse rotation command is received, the controller first controls the motor 1 to rotate forward, driving the ratchet 2 to rotate. This causes the lever 3 to automatically slide into and accurately align with the locking position of the ratchet 2 tooth groove under the guidance of the unidirectional helical teeth. After the inductive switch 9 confirms that the locking is in place, the controller immediately switches the motor 1 to reverse operation. At this time, the lever 3 and the ratchet 2 are reliably locked, and the power is transmitted to the drum 4 through the transmission mechanism to achieve stable retrieval of the cable or hose. This control logic ensures that the clutch mechanism is in the correct engagement state before each reverse retrieval, effectively avoiding tooth knocking, impact, or transmission failure caused by positional deviation, and significantly improving the safety, reliability, and automation level of the device.

[0039] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model. All equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this utility model should still be covered by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device, comprising: The electric motor, the transmission mechanism driven by the electric motor, and the controller for controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the electric motor are characterized in that they further include, A clutch mechanism is disposed on the power path of the transmission mechanism and includes a ratchet and a paddle that selectively locks or disengages from the ratchet. In response to the controller controlling the motor to rotate forward, the paddle and the ratchet disengage, thereby disconnecting the load from the power output of the motor. In response to the controller controlling the motor to reverse, the paddle and the ratchet remain locked, so that the power of the motor is transmitted to the load through the transmission mechanism.

2. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission mechanism includes: A roller coaxially arranged with the ratchet is used for winding and releasing cables or hoses; The gear set includes a small sprocket disposed at the output end of the motor, a large sprocket coaxially disposed with the roller, and a chain meshing with the small sprocket and the large sprocket.

3. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device according to claim 2, characterized in that When the motor rotates forward, the paddle slides into contact with the tooth tip of the ratchet, causing the roller to disengage from the large sprocket. When the motor reverses, the paddle is embedded in the tooth groove of the ratchet and drives the roller and the large sprocket to rotate synchronously.

4. A motor clutch device with dynamically adjustable load according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a rigid mounting frame, on which both the motor and the roller are mounted; The ratchet is mounted on the large sprocket, and the paddle is mounted on the roller.

5. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device according to claim 1, characterized in that The teeth of the ratchet disc are of a unidirectional oblique tooth structure.

6. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes a sensor switch, which is mounted on the roller and is used to detect the corresponding position of the paddle and the ratchet, and to feed the position signal back to the controller.

7. A dynamically load-adjustable motor clutch device according to claim 6, characterized in that After receiving a forward rotation command, the controller controls the motor to rotate forward until the sensor switch confirms that the lever and the ratchet are disengaged, at which point the motor stops rotating. After receiving the reverse command, the controller first controls the motor to rotate forward until the sensor switch confirms that the paddle and the ratchet are in the locked position. Then, it controls the motor to rotate in reverse and drives the roller to rotate through the locked state of the paddle and the ratchet.

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