Printing unit and printing press with a printing unit

Abstract

Printing unit (500) for printing on substrate (S) using an intaglio printing process, comprising a form cylinder (503) which includes an image-forming pattern of depressions (514) on its circumference, and an inking unit (508) for inking the pattern of depressions (514) provided on the form cylinder (503), comprising a first inking unit cylinder (512) which, in the area of ​​its outer surface (518), includes depressions (513) corresponding to depressions (514) on the form cylinder (503) and which can be inked by an inking device (511), wherein the inking device (511) comprises an ink sample space (516) which, on the side facing the inking unit cylinder (512) comprising the depressions (513), is at least partially bounded by its outer surface (518), and wherein, at least on the side facing the inking unit cylinder (512) comprising the depressions (513) in the direction of operation (D), (512) a containment device (526) is provided on the downstream side of the color sample room (516),by which, viewed in the direction of operation (D), printing ink (517) previously applied to the outer surface (518) of the first inking cylinder (512) by a second inking cylinder (519) can be removed behind the ink preparation chamber (516) and in front of the nip point, and wherein the retaining means (526) is designed as a doctor blade which, in its working position, is in contact with the outer surface (518) of the inking cylinder (512) comprising the recesses (513), characterized in that an ink distribution device (544) with at least one ink distributor (546) is provided, which is movable back and forth in the axial direction of the first inking cylinder (512) by a drive means (581) and has an end (553) projecting into the ink preparation chamber (516) at least in its working position and / or an ink outlet (619) opening into the ink preparation chamber (516) of an ink supply the planned pipeline system includes,and that the ink distribution device (544) includes a sensor device (594) for monitoring and / or controlling the fill level of the printing ink (517) held in the ink storage chamber (516), which includes a sensor (597) detecting stretching and / or compression on an arm section of the ink distributor (546) located between the carriage (548) and the end (553) projecting into the ink storage chamber (516).

Description

The invention relates to a printing unit and a printing machine with a printing unit according to claim 1 and 9 respectively. EP 2 909 033 B1 discloses an intaglio printing press with a printing unit in which a plate cylinder designed as a gravure cylinder is inked indirectly via an ink collection cylinder. This cylinder receives the printing ink via several stencil rollers, which are themselves inked by inking devices. In one embodiment, the inking is carried out by two ink application rollers, which receive the ink via a ductor roller interacting with an ink fountain. In another embodiment, an additional ink transfer roller is provided between the ductor roller and the stencil roller. US Patent 4,604,951 A discloses an intaglio printing press comprising a plate cylinder carrying a printing plate, an inking roller in rolling contact with the plate cylinder and having a structure of ink-transferring protrusions on its circumference, and an inking unit comprising a ductor roller in rolling contact with the inking roller. The ductor roller has substantially the same circumference as the inking roller and has indentations of varying depths on its outer circumference that correspond to the indentations on the printing plate. During printing, a distance of 0.03 to 0.05 mm is set between the ductor roller and the inking knife. WO 2005 / 077656 A1 discloses an inking system for an intaglio printing press, wherein in one embodiment the inking of the gravure printing plate is carried out directly by a stencil roller, which in turn is inked by a selective inking cylinder. The latter is sprayed with printing ink on its circumferential surface by a spray device, and the excess ink is removed by a wiper roller before contact with the stencil roller. In the other embodiments, the inking of the gravure printing plate is carried out indirectly via a transfer or collecting cylinder, which is inked by one or more stencil rollers, which in turn are inked by a selective inking cylinder. The latter is sprayed with printing ink on its circumferential surface by a spray device or a ductor roller interacting with an ink fountain, and the excess ink is again removed by a wiper roller before contact with the stencil roller. CN 101544098 B relates to a ductor roller, an ink transfer device, and an ink transfer system for a gravure printing press. Ink is transferred from an ink reservoir via a ductor roller, which has an engraving on its circumference corresponding to the engraving on the gravure cylinder, to a flexible ink roller and from there to the gravure cylinder. When the ink is applied to the ductor roller, its outer surface makes contact with a hook-shaped scraper to remove the ink from the unengraved areas. This results in a color pattern on the flexible ink roller that corresponds to the engraving pattern on the gravure cylinder, with varying thickness and resembling a relief. The pressure of the contact with the outer surface can be adjusted via an adjusting device. DE 603 ​​15 572 T2 discloses a gravure printing press in which gravure printing plates mounted on the gravure cylinder can be inked via pattern rollers inked by ink-box rollers. A rider roller on the ink-box roller changes color to homogenize the ink layer. DE 198 26 810 A1 discloses a lifting inking unit with a lifting and friction roller, wherein, in the illustrated embodiment, each inking zone or group of inking zones is assigned a feed system and a level controller. In an alternative embodiment not shown, a single, traversing feed system with an associated level controller can be provided, which are advantageously assigned to a traversing inking mixing system. German patent DE 196 00 796 A1 discloses an ink box with an ink box roller and an ink metering device for setting a color profile on the ink box roller, wherein an ink supply device is mounted on a carriage so as to be movable back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the ink box. A sensor provided on the carriage controls the ink supply when the ink level is too low. The invention is based on the objective of creating a printing unit for printing on substrates using an intaglio printing process and a printing machine with such a printing unit. The problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 or 9. The advantages achievable with the invention consist in particular of the fact that the consumption of printing ink can be reduced to a particularly low value. In particular, by using a color cylinder comprising corresponding elevations, it is possible to produce partial image structures with different colors, especially interlocking and / or unrelated ones. By using a collecting cylinder that works together with several inking units, it is possible to print several colors simultaneously, especially with interlocking and / or unrelated partial image structures. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a printing unit for printing on, preferably sheet-shaped, substrates using an intaglio printing process, the unit comprises a printing cylinder having a pattern of depressions forming an image on its circumference, and an inking unit for inking the pattern of depressions provided on the printing cylinder. The inking unit includes an inking device by which a first inking cylinder, which has depressions corresponding to depressions on the printing cylinder in the area of ​​its outer surface, can be inked in the area of ​​an application point located on its circumference, and a second inking cylinder, which preferably has raised areas corresponding to depressions on the printing cylinder in the area of ​​its outer surface, or raised areas that correspond to depressions forming the pattern of depressions on the printing cylinder.The inking device comprises, on at least the downstream side of the application point in the direction of rotation of the inking cylinder encompassing the recesses – in particular between this application point and a nip point for the downstream inking cylinder – a retention means designed, for example, as a doctor blade or ink knife, by which, viewed in the direction of rotation D, printing ink previously applied to the outer surface of the first inking cylinder by the second inking cylinder can be removed behind the ink application and in front of the first nip point. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a third inking cylinder, preferably having an elastic and / or compressible outer surface, is provided between the second inking cylinder, which advantageously has the raised or elevated areas, and the forming cylinder. In an advantageous embodiment, a retaining means designed as a squeegee and / or effective and - in particular during operation, i.e. at least in working or operating position or during production operation - in contact with the outer surface of the inking cylinder comprising the recesses is provided, by which printing ink lying on non-engraved areas can be removed. In another advantageous embodiment, the retaining means is designed as an adjustable ink blade, spaced in its working position from the surface of the casing, e.g. at least 2 µm, in particular at least 5 µm, and / or e.g. at most 100 µm, in particular at most 50 µm, and / or at a distance from the surface of the casing, by which printing ink lying on non-engraved areas can be removed down to a small layer thickness, e.g. at least 2 µm and / or e.g. at most 100 µm, in particular at most 50 µm. The term "application point" shall also be understood to mean a circumferential section extending in the circumferential direction, at which the application of ink to the first inking cylinder takes place by the inking device. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the printing unit for printing on, preferably sheet-shaped, substrate using an intaglio printing process comprises a form cylinder which includes on its circumference an image-forming pattern of indentations, e.g. engravings, and an inking unit for inking the pattern of indentations provided on the form cylinder.The inking unit comprises a inking device by which a first inking cylinder can be inked, which in the area of ​​its outer surface includes depressions corresponding to depressions on the mold cylinder, wherein the inking device comprises a color sample space which on the side facing the inking cylinder comprising the depressions is at least partially bounded by its outer surface, and a second inking cylinder which in the area of ​​its outer surface has elevations corresponding to depressions on the mold cylinder or raised areas that correspond to depression-comprising areas of the image-forming pattern of depressions on the mold cylinder. In one embodiment, the inking unit is arranged on the side of the inking cylinder with the depressions that faces the inking cylinder with the raised or embossed areas. In another embodiment, however, it is located on the opposite side and / or on the circumference of the first inking cylinder in the area of ​​the upper half and / or on the side that rotates upwards during operation. Instead or additionally, in a further development, the printing unit comprises several inking units, each with an inking device, a first inking cylinder with depressions, and a second inking cylinder with raised or embossed areas, via which the form cylinder can be inked directly or indirectly. The first inking cylinders of two inking units, for example, have different patterns of depressions. Instead of or in addition to the aforementioned advantageous designs and variants, the inking device advantageously includes a collection device for printing ink accumulating behind a retention medium and / or at least the retention medium is designed to be axially adjustable and / or at least the retention medium is adjustable in the radial direction while maintaining its inclination and / or an ink distribution device with an axially oscillating ink distributor with a distributor head and / or an ink outlet is provided and / or monitoring and / or control of the fill level is provided and / or the printing ink in the line path to the outlet at the inking device can be temperature-controlled by a temperature control device. Further embodiments and developments can be found in the following description and the dependent claims, either individually or in combination. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Figure 1a shows a side view of a printing press, in particular a gravure printing press in a first embodiment; Figure 1b shows a side view of a printing press, in particular a gravure printing press in a second embodiment; Figure 2a shows an enlarged view of the printing unit from Figure 1a; Figure 2b shows an enlarged view of the printing unit from Figure 1b; Figure 3a shows an enlarged section of the printing unit according to Figure 2a; Figure 3b shows an enlarged section of the printing unit according to Figure 2b; Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a) a pattern of depressions on the printing cylinder, b) a pattern of corresponding raised areas on the inking cylinder having the raised areas, and c) a pattern of corresponding depressions on the inking cylinder having the depressions; Figure 5 shows a side view of a first embodiment for the inking cylinder comprising the depressions with inking device; Figure 6 shows the inking cylinder with inking device.Fig. 6 is an oblique view of the dyeing device from Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a top view of a dyeing device according to Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a detail view of the dyeing device according to Fig. 5; Fig. 9 is a detail view of a bearing of the traverse carrying the retaining element with axial drive; Fig. 10 is a detailed section of the axial drive from Fig. 9 from a different direction; Fig. 11 is a close-up view of the color distribution device; Fig. 12 is a detail view of the color distribution device from Fig. 11 from a low oblique angle; Fig. 13 is a detail view of the linear guide from the dyeing device according to Fig. 5; Fig. 14 is an overall view of the dyeing device arranged in the frame; Fig. 15 is an embodiment of the dyeing device with an alternative configuration of the color preparation area; Fig. 16 is a side view of the dyeing device with actuator; Fig. 17 is a side view in cross-section of the dyeing device according to Fig. 16. A printing press, in particular a security printing press, comprises at least one printing unit 500, through which substrate S can be printed at least according to a gravure printing process, for example a substrate feed 100, through which the substrate S to be printed can be supplied to the printing press on the inlet side, a first conveying section 200, through which the substrate S can be supplied to the at least one printing unit 500, a product intake 400, through which the at least simply printed substrate S' can be grouped into packages, and a second conveying section 300, through which the substrate S' - possibly via further processing units - can be supplied to the product intake 400. The printing press is designed, for example, as a sheet-fed printing press, in particular as a sheet-fed gravure printing press, preferably as a sheet-fed printing press using an intaglio printing process. The intaglio printing process is a gravure printing process that is preferably used for the industrial production of banknotes, security documents, or security features. The printing press, preferably using a gravure printing process, in particular an intaglio printing process, preferably comprises, in addition to at least one printing unit 500 operating according to a gravure printing process, in particular an intaglio printing process, preferably at least one substrate feeder 100, by means of which a substrate S to be printed, in the form of, in particular, stacked substrate sheets S, e.g., sheets of paper S, in particular security sheets S, is provided or can at least be provided, at the inlet side of the printing press. The rectangular substrate sheets S have, for example, an edge dimension in the range between 475 x 450 mm and 700 x 820 mm; the basis weight of the substrate sheets S is, for example, in the range between 70 g / m² and 120 g / m². Furthermore, it comprises a sheet feeder 201 encompassed by the first conveying section 200, by means of which substrate sheets S provided at the sheet feeder 100 are, for example,via linear conveying means 202 and / or one or more transfer drums 203, the substrate sheets S' of the printing press are fed in sequence, i.e., individually one after the other, to the first printing unit 200 in a sequence, i.e., individually one after the other, or at least can be fed to it. Downstream of the last printing unit 500, the printing press further comprises, for example, a transport device 301 encompassed by the second conveying section 300, designed, for example, as a circulating conveyor belt or as a circulating chain system, in particular a chain gripper system, to which the substrate sheets S' printed at least by the printing unit 500 are transferred directly or via at least one or more intermediate cylinders, e.g., encompassed by the second conveying section 300, wherein the substrate sheets S' transferred to the transport device 301 are conveyed by means of this device to a subsequent processing unit or to a delivery unit 400, here a stack delivery unit 400, e.g.The multi-stack delivery system, with its product receiving unit 400, transports or at least makes it transportable and allows the substrate sheets S' to be placed there, or at least makes it possible to place them there. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1a and 1b, the stack delivery system 400 has, for example, four stacks or stacking spaces 401 arranged one behind the other in the transport direction T of the substrate sheets S'. In the area of ​​the transport device 301, an unnamed, e.g., optoelectronic, preferably camera-based inspection system can be arranged, by means of which the quality of the printed substrate sheets S' is checked or at least can be checked. The substrate sheets S' are checked, in particular, for their absence of defects in comparison with a predetermined template. Depending on this test result, the substrate sheets S' are then placed on a specific stack of the multi-stack delivery system. In principle, at least one printing unit operating according to a gravure printing process (500) can be provided with one or more further printing units operating according to the same or different printing processes in the first and / or second conveying section (200; 300). The printing unit 500, operating according to a gravure printing process, in particular an intaglio printing process, hereinafter also referred to as the gravure printing unit 500, comprises at least one printing cylinder 501, also acting and / or designated as an impression cylinder 501, and a printing cylinder 503, in particular an intaglio printing cylinder 503, which forms an impression area 502 with the impression cylinder 501 and is designed as a form cylinder 503 for gravure printing, wherein the impression cylinder 501 and the form cylinder 503 are preferably positioned against each other under high pressure or at least can be positioned against each other. In the embodiment as a sheet-shaped substrate S; printing press processing S', the impression cylinder 501 preferably comprises one or more holding means on its circumference, e.g. gripper bars, through which the sheet-shaped substrate S, resting on the impression cylinder 501, can be conveyed through the impression area 502.The printing cylinder 503 carries on its circumference one or more printing forms 504 with a pattern of recesses 514 underlying the printing image motif, e.g., subject matter. These are hereinafter referred to as "engravings" 514, unless explicitly specified, regardless of their production. Unless explicitly distinguished, the term "printing form 504," in particular "gravure printing form 504," is to be understood as either the cylinder's outer circumferential surface itself, encompassing the recesses 514 or engravings 514, or, preferably, as a printing form 504 detachably or arrangably on the printing cylinder 503, encompassing the recesses 514 or engravings 514, e.g., as a printing plate 504 or, optionally, as a printing form sleeve. Preferably, the printing cylinder 503 is designed to be "multiple-sized," e.g., triple-sized, and is designed to accommodate several, e.g., B. three, printing form 504 in succession and / or for printing several, e.g. three, printing lengths, especially several, e.g.three, substrate arc S executed per revolution. Preferably, the printing unit 500 or the printing press for printing the substrate S, in particular the substrate sheet S, is designed with multiple units. The overall image motif corresponding to a print or repeat length and / or assigned to a substrate sheet S is preferably formed by the image motifs of a multitude of units to be printed on the substrate S in several columns side by side and in several rows one after the other, e.g., banknotes. Accordingly, the engraving pattern of a printing form 504 assigned to the print length is formed by a corresponding multitude of patterns of indentations, e.g., motif engravings, arranged in columns and rows in a matrix-like manner – in particular, patterns identical in motif. To remove excess paint, a removal device 506, e.g., a wiping device 506 with a wiping cylinder 507, is positioned against the molding cylinder 503 or can at least be positioned against it. The wiping cylinder 507 is coated on its outer surface, e.g., with a plastic. The printing cylinder 503, or a printing form 504 provided on it, can be inked in one or, preferably, multiple colors by an inking unit 508. This inking unit 508 can be mounted, either as a whole or in sections, so as to be movable away from the printing unit part 509, which preferably is fixed in space and comprises the printing cylinder 501; 503 forming the printing area 502, and / or can even be designed to be divisible. The inking unit 508 comprises – viewed at the upstream end with respect to the ink transport direction within the inking unit 508 – an inking device 511, supplied or capable of being supplied with printing ink 517, for example, by an ink supply system, through which an inking cylinder 512 – for example, the first one – can be inked. This inking cylinder 512 includes recesses 513 on its outer surface 518, which, unless explicitly specified, are hereafter also referred to as "engravings" 513, regardless of their production. These engravings correspond to the engravings 514, or a portion thereof, on the printing form 504 of the printing cylinder 503. This does not mean that they must have the same dimensions and depth as the corresponding engravings 514, but rather that their shape and / or depth are in a defined relationship to one another, which is derived, for example, from established or to be established principles.Preferably, the engravings 513 on the inking cylinder 512 have a greater width b513, e.g., as a line thickness b513, and / or a greater depth than the corresponding engravings 514 on the printing cylinder 503 or the printing form 504 encompassed or supported by it. For example, narrow line structures on the printing form 504 can even partially merge into larger engraved areas on the inking cylinder 512, which contains the engravings 513. For the sake of simplicity, the inking cylinder 512 containing the engravings 513 is also referred to as the inking cylinder 512, unless explicitly specified, regardless of how the indentations 513 are produced. The outer diameter of the color engraving cylinder 512 is preferably in the ratio 1 : n to the outer diameter of the forming cylinder 503, with n ∈ ℕ < 10, in particular n = 1, 2 or 3. The inking unit 511 enables the first inking cylinder 512, which includes corresponding recesses 513 on its outer surface 518 corresponding to depressions 514 on the printing cylinder 503, to be inked at an application point located on its circumference. The term "application point" is also understood to encompass a circumferentially extending section at which ink is applied to the first inking cylinder 512 by the inking unit and / or where it comes into contact with the supplied printing ink 517. The application at the application point can, in principle, be of any design. In a preferred embodiment, the inking device 511, which inks the color engraving cylinder 512, comprises an ink supply chamber 516. This chamber is at least partially bounded on the side facing the color engraving cylinder 512 by its outer surface 518 (see, for example, Figs. 3a and 3b, as well as Fig. 15). For example, the opening of at least one ink supply line—stationary or axially moving—opens into or projects into the ink supply chamber 516, for example, centrally in its axial position. The ink supply chamber 516 is replaced, or can be replaced, by this supply line. Here, the term "ink supply chamber 516" is generally understood to mean the chamber in which the printing ink 517 to be applied, which is in contact with the outer surface 518, is located. Depending on the embodiment, this can be an ink supply chamber 516 that is open at the top, open at the bottom, or closed at both the top and bottom. The engravings 513 or indentations 513 of the inking cylinder 512 are, for example, indentations with a depth of, for example, up to a maximum of 0.3 mm, in particular a maximum of 0.2 mm compared to the unengraved surface area. Downstream of the color engraving cylinder 512, a second inking cylinder 519 is provided in the inking unit 508, which is to be inked by the inking unit. This second inking cylinder has at least raised areas 522 on its outer surface 521, which is preferably elastic and / or compressible. These raised areas correspond to the engraved areas 523 of the printing form 504 to be inked. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, corresponding elevations 524, e.g., in the form of a relief, are provided on the outer surface 521 to correspond to the engravings 514 (e.g., individual engraved lines) of the printing form 504. The latter does not mean here either that the raised areas 524 must have the same dimensions in area as the corresponding engravings 514, but that their shape is in a defined relation to the shape of the corresponding engraving 514 of the printing form 504, which is obtained here, for example, on the basis of established or to be established laws.For the sake of simplicity, the inking cylinder 519 comprising the raised areas 522 and / or elevations 524 is also referred to as the color relief cylinder 519, unless explicitly specified otherwise, regardless of the type and design of the elevations 524. Preferably, a greater width b524 is provided for elevations 524 on the color relief cylinder 519 corresponding to engravings 514 than for the corresponding engravings 514 on the form cylinder 503 or the printing form 504 (e.g., as width b514 or line thickness b514). In this context, for example, individual elevations 524 in close line structures on the form cylinder 503 or on the printing form 504 can partially merge into larger elevations 524' on the color relief cylinder 519.Even in the case of fusion, the individual engravings 514 on the mold cylinder 503 form the basis for the pattern of corresponding elevations 524; 524' and are thus also to be understood as corresponding to individual depressions 514 on the mold cylinder 503. Furthermore, preferably at least a number of actually individually resolved elevations 524 on the outer surface 521 of the color relief cylinder 519 are also included. Particularly in the case of raised areas 522 with a larger extent than individual elevations 524, this second inking cylinder 519 is also referred to as the stencil cylinder 519. The raised areas 524; 524' are, for example, raised areas 524; 524' with a height of, for example, between 0.03 and 2.0 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 1.2 mm, above the non-printing ground. The non-printing ground is provided at the same depth, so that, with raised areas rolling within the same cylindrical surface, the raised areas have the same height above the ground. In the case of larger raised areas 522, their height above the ground can be greater than that of the raised areas 513 correlated to individual engravings 514. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the width b524 of the elevations 524 corresponding to the engravings 514 of the printing form 504 on the color relief cylinder 519 is greater than the width b513 of the engravings 513 corresponding to these on the color engraving cylinder 512, and the width of these engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512 is in turn greater than the width b514 of the corresponding engravings 514 on the form cylinder 503 or on the printing form 504 (see, for example, Fig. 4). In contrast to the raised areas 522 mentioned above, where the raised area 522 extends, for example, over the surface of a plurality, e.g., more than fifty, adjacent engravings 514 on the printing cylinder 503, the elevations 524 corresponding to engravings 514 of the printing form 504 are preferably elevations 524 which, in the region of their smallest diameter, have, for example, a maximum width b524 of 0.6 mm and / or a width b524 that is at most 0.5 mm greater than that of the corresponding engraving 514 on the printing cylinder 503 and / or which, for example, depict individual engravings 514 on the printing cylinder 503 with a width b513 that is at most one factor ten greater and / or which, for example, individually depict engravings 514 on the printing cylinder 503 that are spaced, for example, 1 mm apart. It is necessary to... B. at least a number, in particular a majority of the engravings 514 present on the form cylinder 503 are individually resolved as elevations 524 on the color relief cylinder 519. The engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512 are provided, for example, directly on the outer surface 518 of the color engraving cylinder 512, which is at least encompassed by the cylinder shell of the color engraving cylinder 512 on its outer circumference, or on the outer circumference of a color transfer form designed in the manner of a printing form, which can be designed in the form of a circumferentially closed color transfer form sleeve, e.g. a so-called sleeve, or as a finite intaglio printing form, e.g. with leading and trailing color transfer form ends. The inking device 511 comprises, at least on the downstream side of the application point in the direction of operation D of the inking cylinder 512 comprising the recesses 513, a retention means 526, e.g. a doctor blade or an ink knife, by which, or which, viewed in the direction of operation D, the printing ink 517 previously applied to the outer surface 518 can be removed after the ink application - and in particular before a nip point with a subsequent inking cylinder 519. In particular, the inking device 511 has such a retaining means 526 on at least the downstream side of the ink reservoir 516 in the direction of rotation D of the color engraving cylinder 512, by which the printing ink 517 previously carried on the outer surface 518 by contact with the outer surface 518 can be removed from the outlet side of the ink reservoir 516, i.e., in the region of the downstream end of the ink reservoir 516. In this embodiment of the ink application, the ink reservoir 516 is limited on its circumferential downstream side by the retaining means 526. Preferably, the coloring device 511 also includes a sensor device by which a measure of the amount of color and / or fill level present in the color storage space 516, or at least information about reaching a critical fill level, e.g. for a lower and / or an upper limit of the fill level, can be derived.In a first embodiment, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to particularly low ink input, the inking device 511 comprises, at least on the downstream side of the application point or ink storage area 516 in the direction of rotation D of the ink engraving cylinder 512, a retention means 526. This retention means is formed by a wiping means, in particular a squeegee, which is in contact with the preferably hard and inflexible outer surface 518 of the ink engraving cylinder 512, preferably with variable or adjustable contact force, and by which printing ink 517 applied to non-engraved areas can be removed—essentially completely. This significantly reduces the input of printing ink 517 to areas where no printing ink 517 is required on the printing cylinder 503.The complete removal of printing ink 517 shall also be understood to mean the case where, despite squeegeeing under contact, traces of printing ink 517 remain on unengraved surface areas. The retaining element 526, in particular as a scraper, e.g. as a doctor blade, is advantageously designed in a "positive" position or arranged accordingly in a "positive" position within the inking device 511, i.e., it is or can be positioned at an inclination to the tangent, such that the tangent forms an acute angle at the point of contact with the retaining element 526, e.g., scraper, in particular the doctor blade, on the side of the ink reservoir 516. This angle prevails, for example, at least in the area of ​​the effective end, i.e., in an end section of the retaining element 526, e.g., at least 3 mm long, which interacts with the surface 518, either in contact or without contact. In a second embodiment, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to wear, the inking device 511 can, on at least the downstream side of the application point or ink storage area 516 in the direction of rotation D of the ink engraving cylinder 512, comprise, for example, a retaining element 526 designed as an ink blade, preferably adjustable, by which, in the working or operating position, a small, preferably adjustable distance of, for example, at least 2 µm, in particular at least 5 µm and / or, for example, less than 100 µm, advantageously less than 50 µm, in particular less than 20 µm, to the outer surface 518 of the ink engraving cylinder 512 can be produced or is produced during operation. This allows the printing ink 517 applied to non-engraved areas to be reduced to a thin layer of, for example, 1 / 2 µm. B. at least 2 µm, in particular at least 5 µm and / or, for example, to less than 100 µm, advantageously less than 50 µm, in particular to less than 20 µm, or limited or limitable. In particular, in conjunction with at least a substantial removal of the printing ink 517, i.e., its complete removal or removal down to a thin layer, from the non-engraved surface areas of the color engraving cylinder 512, a significant color application is achieved selectively at desired locations, which is why the inking unit cylinder 512 or color engraving cylinder 512, which has the engravings 513 or recesses 513, is also referred to as a “selective cylinder” 512. The color relief cylinder 519 has, for example, a - preferably elastic and / or at least slightly compressible - layer of material on its circumference, which forms the outer surface 521 and has the raised areas 522 or elevations 524 or intermediate depressions. The color engraving cylinder 512, which is to be colored by the inking unit 511, and the downstream color relief cylinder 519 constitute here – possibly with one or more inking rollers or cylinders arranged serially between them – a color unit 529, hereinafter also referred to as color train 529, through which or which printing ink 517 of a specific color can be introduced into the printing unit 500 and conveyed towards the form cylinder 503. This inking unit 529 can generally be arranged in the region of the downstream end, e.g., directly with the outer surface 521 of the stencil cylinder 519, interacting with the printing cylinder 503 or its printing plate 504 in the printing unit 500. In an embodiment advantageous for multicolor printing, several, e.g., at least two, such inking units 529 can also be arranged around the printing cylinder 503. The printing cylinder 503 can also be assigned one or more inking units 529 designed in the above manner with an inking cylinder 512 and one or more inking units 532 designed differently, e.g., conventionally without an inking cylinder, e.g., inking units 532 comprising, for example, an ink cartridge and an ink cartridge roller with a flat surface. In the case of multiple inking units 532, each of these, for example, inks a so-called color separation of the printed image, i.e., a partial printed image assigned to that raised color. The patterns of depressions 513 and / or elevations 524; 524' or raised areas 522 on the respective inking cylinders 512; 519 of two inking units 529 are therefore, at least to a large extent, different from one another. In a preferred embodiment – ​​particularly with regard to multicolor printing – the inking unit 529 is arranged in the region of its downstream end, e.g., the color relief cylinder 519, in conjunction with another inking unit cylinder 531, which acts, for example, as a transfer cylinder 531. This inking unit cylinder is in turn arranged in conjunction with the form cylinder 503 in the printing unit 500 and preferably has an elastic and / or compressible outer surface. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the printing unit 500 for a multicolor printing unit 500 – especially one printing simultaneously at the printing point 502 – the additional inking cylinder 531 is designed and functions as an ink collection cylinder 531. In this configuration, several inking passes 529, e.g., at least two, designed as described above with an ink engraving cylinder 512, or a combination of one or more inking passes 529 designed as described above with an ink engraving cylinder 512 and one or more inking passes 532 of a different design, e.g., conventionally designed without an ink engraving cylinder, with, for example, an ink cartridge and an ink cartridge roller with a flat surface on the circumference of the ink collection cylinder 531, can be arranged. For example, a total of five inking passes 529; 532 can be provided, of which, for example, three – e.g.,The lower color lines 529, which selectively incorporate printing ink 517 (hereinafter referred to as selective color lines 529), and the other two—e.g., upper—color lines 532 are conventionally designed (see, e.g., Fig. 2b). However, a different heterogeneous division and / or positioning of selective and conventional color lines 529; 532 is also possible, e.g., one lower and one upper color line 532 of five color lines 529; 532 being conventional and three selective color lines 529 in between, or a homogeneous design with exclusively selectively designed color lines 529. In principle, the coloring device 511 can be arranged arbitrarily on the free circumference, i.e. on the circumference not covered by the nip point to the color relief cylinder 519 or possibly other components, in conjunction with the outer surface 518. In a first embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 1a, Fig. 2a and Fig. 3a), the inking device 511 can, however, be arranged on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 facing away from the color relief cylinder 519. The aforementioned line of contact or line of smallest distance is, for example, located on the side facing away from the color relief cylinder 519. In this first embodiment, a contact line formed between the retaining element 526 (in its configuration as a scraper, in particular a doctor blade) and the outer surface 518 of the color engraving cylinder 512, or, in its configuration as a color knife, the line of smallest distance on the circumference of the color engraving cylinder 512, is thus located, for positioning the inking device 511, on a circumferential section of the color engraving cylinder 512 that lies on the side facing the color relief cylinder 519, in particular, viewed in the direction of rotation D, in front of the intersection line with the aforementioned vertical plane. In the case of a contact line, a contact contact is of course also to be understood as having a real, non-zero width when viewed in the circumferential direction, e.g., a width of up to 2 mm.This can be caused by "grinding in" the squeegee edge through contact with the outer surface 518 in the event of contact and / or may be intentional for better sealing. In an alternative second embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 1b, Fig. 2b and Fig. 3b), the inking device 511 is arranged on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 facing the color relief cylinder 519. Here, "a side of the color engraving cylinder 512" refers to a half-space that lies on one side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of rotation R512 of the color engraving cylinder 512. Where the two above-mentioned versions functionally refer to the same components or component groups, no distinction is made here in the reference symbols used. The inking cylinders 512; 519; 531 and the inking unit 511 can be provided together with the printing cylinders 501; 503 in a common frame or arranged in a separate frame 533; 538, e.g., sub-frame 533; 538, which is different from the frame supporting the printing cylinders 501; 503. Regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or designs, the inking unit frame is designed to be divisible. It comprises, for example, a frame 538 supporting at least the inking unit 511 and the color engraving cylinder 512, e.g., a partial frame 538, with frame walls on both sides, which is separable from a frame section supporting the color relief cylinder(s) 519 and, if applicable, the transfer cylinders 531, and is radially, and in particular horizontally, movable away or retractable, in order to create, for example, an operating and / or maintenance space for the operating personnel when open.This frame part can also be a frame part supporting the printing cylinders 501; 503, but is preferably designed as a partial frame 533 assigned only to the inking unit 508, which in turn can be moved radially away from a preferably stationary partial frame of the printing unit part 509, in particular horizontally, in order to form, for example, an operating and / or maintenance space for the operating personnel in the open state. In principle, regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or designs, the inking unit 511, or at least the retaining element 526, e.g., scraper or doctor blade, or the ink knife, and optionally the boundary of the ink dispensing area 516 on the side of the inking unit 511, is adjustable with respect to its relative radial position to the ink engraving cylinder 512, for example, to a greater extent or closer to the cylindrical surface 518 and to a lesser extent or further away from the cylindrical surface 518 (see, e.g., schematically indicated by double arrow 534). The adjustment is effected by an actuator 551, e.g., via a gearbox 527 encompassed by the actuator 551 and / or preferably by a remotely actuated drive element 536 encompassed by the actuator 551.The latter is advantageously designed as a force-based drive element 536, preferably by a pressure-medium-actuated actuator 536, e.g., a working cylinder 536, in particular a pneumatic cylinder 536. This allows a positioning force to be ensured, particularly when the retaining element 526 is configured as a squeegee, and / or to be selectively varied by choosing the pressure level. When the retaining element 526 is configured as an ink blade – e.g., adjustable at a distance – such a force-based drive element 536 can, for example, be positioned against a stop element – ​​preferably adjustable. This positioning movement preferably occurs linearly or at least approximately linearly, at least in a region close to the cylinder, i.e., for example, in at least the last 3 mm before reaching the cylindrical surface 518. In the case of a pivoting movement about a pivot axis, preferably with a radius of curvature that is at least twice the diameter of the ink engraving cylinder.A movement is particularly advantageous in which the inclination angle of the restraint 526 or of the entire moving arrangement is maintained within the positioning range. The movement can be defined by a guide 576 that determines the path of movement. This guide 576 can be located in the drive train between the drive element 536 and the component to be moved, or it can be parallel to the drive train acting on the component and force the component to be moved onto the path of movement. The guide 576, which maintains the inclination angle of the restraint 526 or of the parts delimiting the color preparation area 516 on the side of the coloring device 511, e.g., with respect to the horizontal, can be provided, for example, as a linear guide 576, particularly a straight one, or as a parallelogram guide 576.The inking unit 511, or at least the retaining element 526, and the parts forming the ink storage area 516 on the side of the inking unit 511 are, for example, mounted directly or indirectly on a side part 537, e.g., a side frame part 537, in particular side plates 537, in a manner correspondingly movable, which in turn is mounted fixedly on a frame 538 of the inking unit 508 or, preferably, on a holding element 539, e.g., a bracket 539, which is fixed with respect to the axis of rotation R512 of the inking cylinder 512. In the preferred case that the inking cylinder 512 is mounted on a frame 538 of the inking unit 508, the retaining element 539 is mounted on a holding element 539 that is fixed with respect to the axis of rotation R512 of the inking cylinder 512. B. for adjustment purposes in the radial direction is mounted in the frame 538 of the inking unit 508, the cylinder-fixed mounting of the inking device 511 or of the frame part 537 supporting the inking device 511 ensures a constant relative position of the retaining means 526 to the outer surface 518 even when the position of the color engraving cylinder 512 changes.The bracket 539 can, for example, be fixedly arranged with an outer, non-rotating bearing ring of a radial bearing that receives the pin of the color engraving cylinder 512. The outer bearing ring can be designed eccentrically with respect to its bore and rotatably in, for example, a frame bore, or it can be mounted in an eccentric ring of an eccentric bearing provided in, for example, a frame bore. The actuating mechanism and its drive can be designed such that, in addition to adjusting the position of the retaining element 526 and / or the actuating force or a distance, the inking unit 511 can also be moved over a large travel distance, e.g., at least 50 mm, in particular 100 mm, for maintenance or setup purposes. In an advantageous embodiment, however, the inking unit 511 is mounted, e.g., on the frame part 537, so that it can be moved away from the color engraving cylinder 512, for example, pivoted about an axis 541 provided on the frame part 537. The movement can be performed manually or by a remotely operated drive. Regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or designs, the inking unit 511, or at least the retaining element 526, e.g., as a scraper or doctor blade or as an ink knife, and optionally the boundary of the ink dispensing chamber 516 on the side of the inking unit 511, is movable in its relative axial position to the ink engraving cylinder 512, in particular, it is mounted in a changeable manner, for example, moving back and forth between a right-hand reversal position and a left-hand reversal position. This movement corresponds, for example, in Figs. 3a and 3b, to a movement into or out of the plane of the sheet and is therefore indicated only by a slightly oblique double arrow 542 and the symbols representing an arrowhead and an arrowhead. Preferably, this changeover movement occurs over a stroke of at least 2 mm in total, e.g.,The bearing arrangement of the inking device 511, or at least the retaining element 526 (e.g., as a scraper, doctor blade, or ink knife), and optionally the boundary of the ink dispensing chamber 516 on the side of the inking device 511, is designed to allow axial movement over a stroke of at least 2 mm (e.g., between 3 and 8 mm, preferably between 4 and 6 mm). The axial movement is effected by an axial drive 552 (e.g., a movement drive 552), for example, via a gearbox 528 encompassed by the movement drive 552 and / or preferably by a remotely actuated drive element 543 encompassed by the movement drive 552, in particular an electric motor 543.The inking unit 511, or at least the retaining element 526, in particular the doctor blade, and the parts forming the ink reservoir 516 on the side of the inking unit 511 are, for example, mounted axially movable on the frame part 537 or on the frame, frame part, or sub-frame 538 supporting the ink engraving cylinder 512. This mounting, which enables axial relative movement, can be provided, as described above, directly or indirectly on the frame 538 of the inking unit 508, or preferably on a cylinder-fixed retaining element 539. A frequency for the axial movement is, for example, between 0.05 and 1.00 Hz, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 Hz. Regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or designs, a device 544 for axially equalizing the ink level in the ink supply chamber 516, e.g., an ink distribution device 544, in particular an ink mixing device 544, is provided. This includes, for example, at least one ink distributor 546 or, in particular, an ink mixer 546 acting as a distributor finger 546, which projects with a front end 553—at least in the working position—into the ink supply chamber 516, in particular to such an extent that it is immersed, or can be immersed, with one end 553 into the fill level present in front of the retention medium 526 or the doctor blade during operation.The ink distributor 546 of the ink distribution device 544 can, instead of or preferably in addition to the immersing end 553, comprise an ink outlet 619, which is moved or movable axially back and forth within the ink supply chamber 516 on the ink distributor 546 and thereby distributes the printing ink 517 to be supplied. During operation, the printing ink 517, which is particularly viscous and held in the ink supply chamber 516, forms a so-called ink roller, which forms directly in front of the retention medium 526 through contact with the moving outer surface 518. The at least one ink distributor 546 is, for example, axially movable, mounted directly or indirectly on the frame 533; 538 supporting the inking device 511, or preferably on a side part 537; 558 of the inking device 511, or directly on a crossbeam 547, if provided. B. Traverse 547 is mounted.For example, it is arranged on a slide 548, which is axially movable in a linear guide 549 and can be moved back and forth by a drive means 581, e.g., an electric motor 581, for example, via a gear that converts a rotation into a linear motion. Advantageously, the color distributor 546 is moved back and forth at a frequency of at least 0.3 Hz, preferably at least 0.5 Hz. Regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or configurations, the color engraving cylinder 512 is operationally removable – i.e., for example, for replacement, maintenance, and / or setup purposes, and / or without disassembling other inking unit components – from the inking unit 08 or its frame 533; 538. In one configuration, this removal can be axial, or in another, radial. In principle, regardless of the specific position and / or design of the coloring device 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the above positions and / or designs, the color engraving cylinder 512 is temperature-controlled, in particular designed to allow flow of temperature control fluid. Regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the aforementioned positions and / or designs, the printing ink 517 to be supplied to the ink preparation chamber 516 can be temperature-controlled in the line path upstream of an outlet into the ink preparation chamber 516. For this purpose, for example, a temperature control device 604, in particular a heating device 604, is provided in the ink supply line path. In principle, regardless of the specific position and / or design of the inking unit 511, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the above positions and / or designs, the color engraving cylinder 512 can be driven rotaryally by its own drive motor 616, which is mechanically independent of the drive of the other inking cylinders 519; 531 and / or printing cylinders 501; 503. Without limiting the above-mentioned designs and variants, a first embodiment is further detailed below, in which the inking device 511 is arranged on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 facing away from the color relief cylinder 519. The retaining element 526, for example, acts as a color knife or, in particular, as a doctor blade, on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 that rotates upwards during operation. The latter applies in particular to the embodiment of the inking unit 508 with an additional transfer cylinder 531, especially a color collecting cylinder 531. The inking device 511 comprises, at least on the downstream side of the application point or ink preparation chamber 516 (in the direction of rotation D of the inking cylinder 512, which contains the recesses 513), a retention means 526, e.g., a doctor blade or an ink knife, by which, viewed in the direction of rotation D, previously applied printing ink 517 can be removed from the outer surface 518 after the ink application – and in particular before a nip point with a subsequent inking cylinder 519. In this embodiment, the retention means 526 is preferably designed as a doctor blade and completely removes previously applied printing ink 517 from unengraved areas on the outer surface 518 as described above. The contact line, or, in the embodiment of the retaining element 526 as a color knife, the line of smallest distance on the circumference of the color engraving cylinder 512, is preferably located in the region of the upper half, e.g., in the range of 10° to 30° above the horizontal, of the color engraving cylinder 512. The retaining element 526, preferably designed here as a squeegee, is held, and in particular clamped, in a two-part retaining element holder 554, in particular a squeegee holder 554, which has, for example, a receiving strip 556 on the color space side and a cover strip 557 on the outside that is detachably connected to the former, e.g., by screws. The retaining element holder 554, in particular the receiving strip 556, can, for example, be designed to be self-supporting and attached directly, e.g., to side parts 537; 558, e.g., side frame parts 537; 558, for example, side plates 537; 558, is preferably mounted on or attached to a crossbeam 547, e.g. the traverse 547, which is e.g.The mounting strip 556 is supported on both sides of the end frame parts 537 and 558. A downwardly extending portion of the mounting strip 556, either alone or together with the optionally provided crossbeam 547 or any other optionally provided component, forms the rear boundary of the ink preparation chamber 516, i.e., the boundary opposite the color engraving cylinder 512. In a first embodiment, the ink preparation chamber 516 is open at the bottom, except for an optionally provided ink distributor 546, an optionally provided ink distribution device 544, and / or an optionally provided ink collection device 561 below it for any printing ink 517 that may drip during or after operation. A guide device 563, for example, may be included.A guide plate 563, consisting of one or more parts, is provided, which directly or almost touches the outer surface 518 and directs the printing ink 517 towards the outer surface 518, from where it is transported in the direction of rotation to the retention element 526. A collection container 562, e.g., a drip tray 562, can be provided below this to collect printing ink 517 that may run off from the ink storage area 516 when the machine is stationary. From the effective edge 566 of the retention element 526, e.g., the doctor blade edge 566, which is spaced from the receiving strip 556, a barrier 564, e.g., a drip barrier 564, is provided on the ink proofing side, extending into the ink proofing area 516, which prevents printing ink 517 from running off at the rear boundary. This barrier 564 can be formed by shaping the receiving strip 556 or by a separate, angled strip 564. The color preparation chamber 516 is bounded at its end face by side parts 567, e.g., side plates 567. These side parts 567, also referred to as side seals, close off the color preparation chamber 516 laterally and have a profile complementary to the interacting cylinder circumferential section on the side 568 facing the color engraving cylinder 512, e.g., the sealing side 568. This allows this side to be positioned against the respective cylinder circumferential section almost without a gap. The side parts 567 can be made of a material that is at least slightly compressible and / or elastic, or they can have a bearing surface made of a compliant material, e.g., compressible and / or elastic material, on the sealing side 568. The side parts 567 are, for example, B. arranged on the front side of the mounting strip 556 of the restraint holder 554 and / or on the crossbeam 547 supporting it, in particular detachably fastened.They can be mounted so as to be movable towards the color engraving cylinder 512 and can be pre-tensioned towards the color engraving cylinder 512, for example by spring means, e.g. a compression spring. In the positioned position, the two side parts 567 interact directly with the cylindrical surface 518 having the engravings 513 or, in the case of a color transfer form bearing the engravings and supported by the color engraving cylinder 512, preferably with edge regions of this color transfer form. A holding device 569 can be provided with the receiving strip 556 of the restraint holder 554 and / or with the crossbeam 547 supporting it, on which a removal device 572, which may be provided and is described in more detail below, can be arranged, in particular detachably arranged. The components directly surrounding the color preparation chamber 516 on the side of the coloring device 511, e.g., at least the retaining device holder 554 including the retaining device 526, the crossbeam 547 if present, the side parts 567 if present, a take-off device 572 if present or a holding device 569 for a take-off device 572 if present, as well as any further components fixed to these components but detachable for maintenance or setup purposes, e.g., further retaining devices and / or any provided color knife drives, are collectively referred to below as the color unit 571, and especially in conjunction with a retaining device 526 designed as a color knife, also as the color box 571. This color unit 571 is preferably removable as a whole from the coloring device 511, but advantageously it can be moved, at least within the coloring device 511, from a working position to a maintenance or setup position located further away from the color engraving cylinder 512. For this purpose, the color unit 571 is movably, in particular linearly, mounted directly on the frame, frame part, or sub-frame 538 supporting the color engraving cylinder 512, or preferably on a side part 537; 558, e.g., a frame part 537; 558, in particular a side plate 537; 558, which in turn is supported directly or indirectly—movably or rigidly—on the frame, frame part, or sub-frame 538 supporting the color engraving cylinder 512. Preferably, the linearly movable mounting is achieved via a linear guide 573, e.g., a dovetail guide 573. In an advantageous embodiment already mentioned above, the retaining element 526, in particular the ink unit 571 encompassing the retaining element 526 and / or delimiting the ink storage area 516, is adjustable in its radial relative position to the ink engraving cylinder 512 by means of an actuator 551 with, for example, a drive element 536 and / or a gearbox 527, in particular being able to engage and disengage from it. The drive element 536 is advantageously designed as a force-based drive element 536, preferably as a pressure-medium-actuated working cylinder 536, in particular a pneumatic cylinder 536. This allows a specific engagement force to be ensured, and / or selectively varied by choosing the pressure level, particularly when the retaining element 526 is configured as a doctor blade. B. a distance-adjustable color meter can be such a force-based drive means 536 the restraint means 526 or.The color unit 571 can be positioned, for example, against a stop element – ​​preferably adjustable. Although in an advantageous embodiment this can also be achieved via a linear guide 576 or, if necessary, by pivoting about a pivot axis, in an embodiment – ​​particularly preferable in connection with a possible changeover movement – ​​a parallelogram guide 576 is provided for the radially movable mounting. In this configuration, the color unit 571, which at least includes the retaining element 526, is mounted on both sides, or on each side part 558 which mounts the color unit 571 or the retaining element 526 in a relatively movable manner as described above, on two swing arms 574 – in particular extending in the manner of two opposing sides of a parallelogram. These two swing arms 574 engage the color unit 571, which carries the retaining element 526, respectively.The retaining device holder 554 is attached at two points located at different distances from the color engraving cylinder 512 and can be pivoted about pivot axes spaced accordingly apart from each other. On the frame side, they are spaced at the same distance from each other as described above and can be pivoted about respective articulated axes, the distance between the pivot axes on the respective rocker arm 574 being the same for both rocker arms 574. The swing arms 574 are preferably designed as elastically deformable swing arms 574, e.g. as sheet metal strips, for example, in the case that the retaining means 526 or the color unit 571 comprising it is axially movable or changeable. On the frame side, the swing arms 574 can be mounted directly on the frame, frame part, or sub-frame 538 supporting the color engraving cylinder 512, or on a one- or multi-part side or frame part 537 indirectly connected to such a frame, frame part, or sub-frame 538. Preferably, the swing arms 547 are mounted on the frame side of the one- or multi-part side or frame part 537 on which the drive element 536, which effects the positioning movement, also acts. The drive element 536 may be an electric motor, but preferably a pressure-medium-actuated working cylinder 536, in particular a pneumatic cylinder 536, is used. In the event that axial mobility or changing is provided, the drive-side coupling of the drive means 536 to the color unit 571 or the retaining means holder 554 is effected via an articulated connection 577, e.g. via a ball joint head 577. The color engraving cylinder 512 and the inking unit 511 can be arranged directly on the printing unit frame or on the relevant sub-frame 538 (533). In an advantageous embodiment, they are mounted on side parts 578 of a base frame supporting the color engraving cylinder 512 and the inking unit 511, which – for example, via sliding or, in particular, rolling bearings – is movable as a unit, especially along a horizontal direction, on guides 579, for example, by means of a movable carriage, and in particular by means of a movable carriage, especially by means of a movable carriage with the color engraving cylinder 512, to the downstream inking unit cylinder 519 or to the inking unit cylinder 519. In an advantageous embodiment with a changeable or color-changing retaining element 526 or a changeable or color-changing unit 571, an axially acting linear drive, e.g., an electrically driven spindle drive that is reversible in the direction of rotation, in particular a ball screw drive, or a linear motor that is reversible in the direction of movement, can be provided as the axial drive 552. In a preferred embodiment, the axial drive is effected via a transmission 528 that converts the rotation of a drive element 543 designed as an electric motor 543 into a linear motion. This transmission includes, for example, a rotatable eccentric disk 583 with an axis of rotation extending, e.g., perpendicular to the desired axial direction, which engages in a recess 584 provided on a component that is fixedly or at least rigidly connected to the retaining element holder 554 in the transverse direction. The latter can, for example, be an attachment 586, e.g.,A tab 586 is arranged directly on the color unit 571 or – in the case of removal – on the side part 558 which allows the color unit 571 to be radially movable. The recess 584 has a clear opening in the axial direction that corresponds to or is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the eccentric disc 583. Perpendicular to this, for example, a larger clear opening is provided that corresponds at least to the diameter of the eccentric disc 583 plus twice the eccentricity. The eccentric disc 583 can be driven directly by the electric motor 581 or via a gearbox 587, e.g., a corner gearbox 587. In an advantageous embodiment with a color distribution device 544, the coloring device 511 comprises a device 544 for axial color distribution and / or homogenization with a color distributor 546 mounted axially movable in the axial direction of the color engraving cylinder 512 (see, for example, double arrow 588). The at least one color distributor 546, e.g., distributor finger 546, is mounted axially movable, for example, via a slide 548, on a crossbeam 589 – e.g., another crossbeam 589 – which may differ from the crossbeam 547. The crossbeam 589 is mounted at its end face either directly or indirectly on the frame 533; 538 supporting the coloring device 511, or preferably on a side part 537; 558 of the coloring device 511.The color distributor 546 of the color distribution device 544 can, instead of the immersing end 553 or preferably additionally, comprise a color outlet 619, which is moved or can be moved axially back and forth in the color sample chamber 516 on the color distributor 546 and thereby distributes the printing ink 517 to be supplied axially. The single color distributor 546 is arranged on a slide 548, which is axially movable in a linear guide 549 and can be moved back and forth by a drive element 581, e.g., an electric motor 581, for example, via a transmission 582 that converts a rotation into a linear motion. The transmission 582 is preferably designed as a transmission 582 that converts a rotation into a linear motion, in particular a traction transmission 582. It comprises a traction element 591, preferably a toothed belt 591, to which the slide 548, which is mounted in or on the guide 549, in particular a linear guide 549, is attached such that it follows the axially moved traction element 591 or the run of a rotating traction element 591, to which it is preferably detachably attached. The traction element 591, for example, is clamped to a sled-mounted block.For example, rollers are provided on the carriage 548, which interact with lateral, axially extending guides. The traction element 591 can be driven, for example, by a drive wheel 592, e.g., a belt pulley 592, which is partially enclosed by the traction element 591. This drive wheel is driven, or can be driven, by the electric motor 581 directly or via a gearbox. The control of the motion reversal can be effected, for example, via a non-contact sensor 617, e.g., a proximity switch 617. Additionally, an emergency stop switching element 618, e.g., designed as a mechanically actuated emergency stop switch 618, can be provided, which is located at the end face of the slide 548 or a component that moves axially with the slide 548 in its path of motion. The distributor finger 546 can comprise several stirring elements 593 in the area of ​​its front end 553, which is effective for distribution, e.g. a mixing head 553, and which can be designed, for example, in the form of paddles or as an arrangement of tines - e.g. in multiple rows. In an advantageous embodiment of a coloring device 511 comprising a color distribution device 544, the latter includes a sensor device 594, by which a measure of the amount of color and / or fill level present in the color storage space 516, or at least information about reaching a critical fill level, e.g. for a lower and / or an upper limit of the fill level, can be derived. For this purpose, an arm located between the slide 548 and the mixing head 553 comprises a section 596 which has a lower transverse stiffness in the axial direction compared to the other arm sections. In particular, this section 596 is designed with such reduced stiffness in the transverse direction that the arm in this section 596, when in its working position during axial movement at operating speed and with a sufficiently filled ink reservoir 516, experiences significant elastic bending – at least in the axially central movement section and / or at maximum axial speed. In this section 596, a sensor 597, e.g., a strain gauge 597, extending longitudinally along the arm and detecting strain and / or compression, is provided on at least one axially oriented side, preferably on both sides.The section 596 supporting the strain gauges 597 can be enclosed by a web-like taper 598 opposite adjoining arm sections. The area of ​​the taper 598 can be filled with compressible and / or elastic filler pieces 599. In principle, the arrangement of one or more such sensors 597 in a simple design – possibly with losses in accuracy – can also be provided on an arm with a homogeneous cross-section. The sensor device 594 or the strain gauge(s) 597 is / are interconnected by signal technology with evaluation and / or control means not shown. Under normal operating conditions, i.e., with a sufficient fill level, the printing ink 517 present in the ink storage chamber 516 provides a specific resistance to the ink distributor 546, which is in its operating position and changing at operating speed. This results in a specific, operationally desired bend and thus a specific signal. If the ink storage chamber 516 lacks printing ink 517, the resistance decreases, and the signal representing the strain changes accordingly. A lower limit can be determined empirically, for example. Although an evaluation of the current fill level is conceivable by correlating the signals with the fill level over a range, a simpler implementation involves monitoring for reaching a limit value. Upon reaching this limit, a warning is issued and / or, preferably, a specific quantity of printing ink 517 is refilled.For this purpose, the evaluation and / or control means relating to the fill level can be operatively connected to an actuating and / or conveying device 601, e.g., a valve or preferably a pump 601, through which printing ink 517 can be conveyed from an ink reservoir 602, e.g., an ink tank 602, into the ink preparation chamber 516. Conveying is effected, e.g., via a piping system with at least one flexible and / or at least one rigid piping section 603. In principle, the supply of printing ink 517 to the ink preparation chamber 516 can be stationary, e.g., at one central location or at several axially spaced locations. This is particularly relevant, for example, if no ink distribution device 544 is provided. In an advantageous embodiment, the ink is supplied through the piping system via an ink outlet 619 opening into the ink preparation chamber 516, which is moved or movable axially back and forth within the ink preparation chamber 516. In an embodiment with an ink distribution device 544, the ink outlet 619 preferably moves with the ink distributor 553 and is, in particular, arranged on the ink distributor 553. The piping section 603 leading to the ink outlet 619 or at least to a connection point on the carriage 548 can be flexible or, as described here, rigid. In the case of a rigid design, at least one moving part of the piping system, in particular the aforementioned...In the section of the line 603, a frame structure 621 can be provided laterally to the frame 538, which guides an upstream flexible line section 622 and / or provides protection for the operating personnel against collision. In an advantageous embodiment, the feed system, particularly in the piping system, comprises a temperature control device 604 by which the printing ink 517 can be tempered to a constant and / or desired operating temperature. This device can, in principle, be located anywhere along the conveying path between the ink reservoir 602 and the ink outlet, e.g., ink outlet 619, into the ink storage chamber 516, and can be designed in any configuration. Preferably, however, it is designed as a heating device 604 based on electrical resistance or an electromagnetic induction heating device 604 and / or is integrated into a – preferably rigid – piping section 603, e.g., into its sheathing. An advantageous embodiment includes, for example, a pipe sleeve made of ferrous material that can be excited by a coil winding and is connected directly or via a non-magnetic and / or thermally conductive coaxial sleeve, e.g.,A copper sleeve forms the actual conduit itself or surrounds one. The conduit section 603 and / or an end of the temperature control device 604 near the outlet is preferably located close to the ink outlet in the feed system, e.g., less than twice the width b512 of the color engraving cylinder 512. Particularly advantageous for an embodiment in which the retaining element 526 interacts with the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 that rotates upwards during operation, but not only for such an embodiment, are provisions made to ensure that no or at least a larger quantity of printing ink 517 collects on the downstream side of the edge 566 of the retaining element 526, e.g., the doctor blade edge 566. This can be achieved, for example, by providing the retaining element 526 with an ink-repellent, e.g., oleophobic, surface layer, e.g., a coating, on its downstream side, at least in an area near the edge. Instead or in addition to this, a removal device 572 is provided, for example, by which printing ink 517 that may collect on the downstream side of the edge 566 of the retaining element 526, e.g., the doctor blade edge 566, can be removed, in particular made removable. Due to the highly viscous nature of the printing ink 517, it can gradually seep under the edge 566 and accumulate on the other side – even when the retaining element 526 is used as a doctor blade. This can also be caused by the ink being conveyed in the engravings 513. Removal from the downstream side of the edge 566 can generally be achieved in various ways. For example, a blowing device directed towards the downstream edge area, e.g., a so-called...air sword, encompassing its, through which otherwise accumulating printing ink 517 is continuously or intermittently blown onto the surface 518 and thus always transported away in small quantities. In an advantageous embodiment shown here, the removal device 572 comprises a cleaning belt 606, preferably extending over at least the entire width of the retaining element 526 and / or the ink filling chamber 516 bounded at its end face by the side parts 567. This cleaning belt is guided or can be guided past the downstream edge 566 of the retaining element 526 at a small distance from the outer surface 518 of the ink engraving cylinder 512, e.g., less than 10 mm, e.g., less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm. The distance from the edge 566, viewed in the direction of rotation, is also, e.g., less than 10 mm, e.g., less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm. Preferably, the fresh cleaning belt 606 is taken from a supply 608. B. a roller 608 unwound, possibly via one or more deflection elements 611, e.g.The material is guided into the angle between the outer surface 518 and the downstream side of the retaining element 526 by deflecting rollers 611, there deflected by a deflecting element 607 – preferably wedge-shaped – e.g., a guide wedge 607, and optionally collected in a receptacle 609 via one or more deflecting elements 612, e.g., deflecting rollers 612, and wound onto a reel 609. A cleaning belt 606 that is at least slightly absorbent, in particular a paper web 606, is preferably provided. The aforementioned elements of the removal device 572 are preferably arranged in a common frame 613, which, for example, can be removed as a whole from the dyeing device 511, e.g., from the aforementioned holding device 569 – for example, after opening a holding and / or locking device 614 that may be provided. In one variant of the dyeing device 511 – exemplified and particularly advantageous, but not limited to, the first embodiment – ​​the dye storage chamber 516 is, during operation, i.e., when the downstream retaining element 526 is in position, also substantially completely closed on the upstream side by at least one further retaining element 623, preferably designed as a doctor blade. In this configuration, the further retaining element 623, acting as a wiper or doctor blade, may preferably have contact or a small gap, e.g., less than 50 µm, may be present or foreseeable. In one embodiment of the double-sided enclosed paint dispensing chamber 526, this chamber can be designed as a chamber within a chambered doctor blade 627 between the downstream retaining element 526, e.g., as a working doctor blade, and the upstream retaining element 623, e.g., as a closing doctor blade (see, e.g., Fig. 15). This chambered doctor blade 627 can, for example, be self-supporting and directly mounted, e.g., on side parts 537; 558, e.g., lateral frame parts 537; 558, for example, side plates 537; 558, but is preferably arranged on or against a crossbeam 547, e.g., the traverse 547, which is supported, e.g., on both sides of the end-face frame parts 537; 558. In addition, a guide device 624, e.g., a guide plate 624, can be attached to or attachable against the outer surface 518 upstream of the upstream containment device 623. This serves, for example, to collect and divert printing ink 517 located in the chamber after the chamber doctor blade 627 has been stopped and can itself be attached to and detached from the outer surface 518, for example, via an actuating mechanism 626. Reference symbol list 100 Substrate feed, sheet feeder 200 Conveyor, first 201 Sheet feeder 202 Conveyor 203 Transfer drum 300 Conveyor, second 301 Transport device 400 Product pickup, delivery, stack delivery 401 Stacking room 500 Printing unit, gravure printing unit 501 Printing unit cylinder, impression cylinder 502 Printing point 503 Printing unit cylinder, form cylinder, intaglio printing cylinder, multicolor printing unit 504 Printing form, gravure printing form, printing plate 505 - 506 Take-off device, wiper 507 Wiper cylinder 508 Inking unit 509 Printing unit section 510 - 511 Inking unit 512 Inking unit cylinder, color engraving cylinder, selective cylinder 513 Indentation, engraving (512) 514 Indentation, engraving (504) 515 - 516 Ink preparation room 517 Printing ink 518 Surface (512) 519 Inking cylinder, color relief cylinder, stencil cylinder 520 - 521 Surface (519) 522 Raised area (521) 523 Engraved area (504) 524 Raising 524' Fusing raised 525 - 526 Retaining means 527 Gear 528 Gear 529 Inking unit,Selective inking unit 530 - 531 Inking unit cylinder, transfer cylinder, ink collection cylinder 532 Inking unit, conventional inking unit 533 Frame, partial frame 534 Double arrow 535 - 536 Drive element, actuator, pressure-operated, working cylinder, pneumatic cylinder 537 Side panel, frame part, side plate 538 Frame, partial frame 539 Holding element, bracket 540 - 541 Axis 542 Double arrow 543 Drive element, electric motor 544 Axial equalization device, ink distribution device, ink mixing device 545 - 546 Ink distributor, distributor finger, ink stirrer 547 Crossbeam, traverse 548 Slide 549 Guide, linear guide 550 - 551 Actuator 552 Axial drive, changeover drive 553 Effective end, mixing head (546) 554 Retention device holder, squeegee holder 555 - 556 Mounting strip 557 Cover strip 558 Side panel, frame part, side plate 559 - 560 - 561 Paint collection device 562 Collection container, drip tray 563 Guide device, guide plate 564 Barrier, drip stop,Strip 565 - 566 Edge, squeegee edge 567 Side panel, side plate 568 Side, sealing side (567) 569 Holding device 570 - 571 Color unit, ink box 572 Removal device 573 Linear guide, dovetail guide 574 Rocker arm 575 - 576 Guide, linear guide, parallelogram guide 577 Connection, ball joint head 578 Side panel 579 Guide 580 - 581 Drive means, electric motor (544) 582 Gearbox, traction gear (544) 583 Eccentric disc 584 Recess 585 - 586 Mounting, tab 587 Gearbox, corner gear 588 Double arrow 589 Crossbeam, traverse 590 - 591 Traction, toothed belt 592 Drive wheel, pulley 593 Stirring elements 594 Sensor device 595 - 596 Section (546) 597 Sensor, strain gauge 598 Tapered section 599 Filler piece 600 - 601 Actuating and / or conveying device, pump 602 Ink reservoir, ink tank 603 Pipe section 604 Temperature control device, heating device 605 - 606 Cleaning belt, paper web 607 Deflection element, guide wedge 608 Supply, roll 609 Receptacle,Roller 610 - 611 Deflection element, deflection roller 612 Deflection element, deflection roller 613 Frame (572) 614 Holding and / or locking device 615 - 616 Drive motor 617 Sensor, proximity switch 618 Emergency stop switching element, emergency stop switch 619 Ink outlet 620 - 621 Frame construction 622 Line section 623 Retaining device, further 624 Guide device, guide plate 625 - 626 Actuating mechanism 627 Chambered doctor blade b512 Width b514 Width, line thickness b513 Width, line thickness b524 Width R512 Axis of rotation D Direction of operation S Substrate, substrate sheet, printed material sheet, security sheet S' Substrate, single printed T Transport direction,

Claims

Printing unit (500) for printing on substrate (S) using an intaglio printing process, comprising a form cylinder (503) which includes an image-forming pattern of depressions (514) on its circumference, and an inking unit (508) for inking the pattern of depressions (514) provided on the form cylinder (503), comprising a first inking unit cylinder (512) which, in the area of ​​its outer surface (518), includes depressions (513) corresponding to depressions (514) on the form cylinder (503) and which can be inked by an inking device (511), wherein the inking device (511) comprises an ink sample space (516) which, on the side facing the inking unit cylinder (512) comprising the depressions (513), is at least partially bounded by its outer surface (518), and wherein, at least on the side facing the inking unit cylinder (512) comprising the depressions (513) in the direction of operation (D), (512) a containment device (526) is provided on the downstream side of the color sample room (516),by which, viewed in the direction of operation (D), printing ink (517) previously applied to the outer surface (518) of the first inking cylinder (512) by a second inking cylinder (519) can be removed behind the ink preparation chamber (516) and in front of the nip point, and wherein the retaining means (526) is designed as a doctor blade which, in its working position, is in contact with the outer surface (518) of the inking cylinder (512) comprising the recesses (513), characterized in that an ink distribution device (544) with at least one ink distributor (546) is provided, which is movable back and forth in the axial direction of the first inking cylinder (512) by a drive means (581) and has an end (553) projecting into the ink preparation chamber (516) at least in its working position and / or an ink outlet (619) opening into the ink preparation chamber (516) of an ink supply the planned pipeline system includes,and that the ink distribution device (544) includes a sensor device (594) for monitoring and / or controlling the fill level of the printing ink (517) held in the ink storage chamber (516), which includes a sensor (597) detecting stretching and / or compression on an arm section of the ink distributor (546) located between the carriage (548) and the end (553) projecting into the ink storage chamber (516). Printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ink distributor (546) is arranged on a slide (548) which is axially movable in a linear guide (549) and can be moved back and forth by the drive means (581) via a gear (582) which converts a rotation into a linear motion. Printing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor (597) is provided on at least one side pointing in the axial direction. Printing unit according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the inking unit (571) is mounted in the inking device (511) so as to be movable with respect to its radial distance to the first inking cylinder (512) and is designed to be adjustable in its radial relative position to the first inking cylinder (512) by means of an actuating drive (551) comprising a remotely actuated drive means (536). Printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the second inking cylinder (519) has, in the area of ​​its outer surface (521), elevations (524; 524') corresponding to individual depressions (514) on the form cylinder (503) or raised areas (522) that correspond to depressions (514) encompassing areas (523) of the imaging pattern of depressions (514) on the form cylinder (503). Printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the inking device (511) is arranged on the side of the inking cylinder (512) having the recesses (513) that is facing away from the second inking cylinder (519) and / or that the retaining means (526) is arranged on the circumference of the first inking cylinder (512) in the area of ​​the upper half and / or on the side that rotates upwards during operation, cooperating with it. Printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that a third inking unit cylinder (531) is provided, which interacts with the second inking unit cylinder (519) via a second nib point and forms a further nib point with the form cylinder (503) for inking it. Printing unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the printing unit (500) comprises several inking units (529) each with an inking device (511), a first inking cylinder (512) having depressions (513) and a second inking cylinder (519), which are arranged on the circumference of the third inking cylinder (531), designed as an inking collection cylinder (531), and / or that the first inking cylinders (512) of two inking units (529) have different patterns of depressions (513) and / or the second inking cylinders (519) of two inking units (529) have different patterns of elevations (524; 524') or raised areas (522). Printing press with a printing unit (500) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by its design as a security printing press and / or as a printing press processing sheet-shaped substrate (S) and / or a gravure printing press operating according to the intaglio method, comprising a substrate feed (100) through which the substrate (S) to be printed can be supplied to the printing press on the input side, a first conveying section (200) through which the substrate (S) can be supplied to the at least one printing unit (500), a second conveying section (300) through which the substrate (S') can be supplied directly or indirectly to a product intake (400) through which the at least once printed substrate (S') can be combined into packages.

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