WIRE NOZZLE, DEVICE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND METHOD FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Abstract

A wire nozzle (12) is arranged such that it is at least partially located within a region through which a protective gas (13) passes. The wire nozzle (12) includes a wire tube section (12a) that feeds a manufacturing material (8), which is in the form of a wire, to a processing area that is irradiated with heat to melt the manufacturing material (8) and to which the protective gas (13) is also supplied. The wire nozzle (12) includes a plate-shaped projection (200) that extends downstream from the wire tube section (12a) along a flow direction of the protective gas (13), and the width of the plate-shaped projection (200) is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section (12a).

Description

Area

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wire nozzle for melting and layering a manufacturing material, a device for additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing. background

[0002] Additive metal manufacturing includes a powder bed fusion (PBF) process, in which metal powder is spread and a processing area is irradiated with a laser to melt and solidify it, and a directed energy deposition (DED) process, in which materials are melted by focused heat energy to be bonded and deposited. To inhibit the oxidation of a manufactured object that has been melted to a high temperature, the DED process employs a method of supplying a protective gas, such as argon or nitrogen, from a gas nozzle onto a processing area and covering the manufactured object within that area with the protective gas, a method of filling the interior of a chamber containing the processing area with the protective gas, and similar measures.

[0003] If the shielding gas is supplied to the processing area from above, a wire nozzle for feeding a workpiece material becomes an obstacle, and the workpiece obscured by the wire nozzle cannot be covered with the shielding gas, thus reducing the inhibition of oxidation of the workpiece. Patent literature 1 discloses a shielding gas nozzle for metal forming, comprising: a nozzle with a wire feed line that feeds a wire to a processing area at an angle of inclination; and a gas supply line comprising a first gas ejection orifice that ejects a shielding gas at an angle less than or equal to the angle of inclination; and a diverging gas supply line comprising a second gas ejection orifice that ejects the shielding gas at a different angle than the first gas ejection orifice. List of quotations Patent literature

[0004] Patent literature 1: International publication no. WO 2020 / 213051 Brief description of the invention Problem to be solved by the invention

[0005] However, patent literature 1 requires a complicated and costly structure, which includes the nozzle, the wire feed line, the gas supply line, and the diverting gas supply line. Furthermore, the structure from patent literature 1 has a problem: the area shielded from the air is small, and if the relative position between the wire and the manufactured object changes during forming, the processing area cannot be adequately shielded from air ingress.

[0006] The present disclosure was prepared in light of the foregoing, and one objective of the present disclosure is to provide a wire nozzle capable of adequately shielding a processing area from the ingress of air with a simple and cost-effective structure. Ways to solve the problem

[0007] To solve the aforementioned problem and fulfill the objective, a wire nozzle of the present disclosure is arranged such that it is located at least partially within a region through which a protective gas passes. The wire nozzle includes a wire tube section that feeds a manufacturing material, in the form of a wire, to a processing area that is irradiated with heat to melt the manufacturing material and to which the protective gas is also supplied. The wire nozzle includes a plate-shaped projection that extends downstream from the wire tube section along the direction of flow of the protective gas. The width of the plate-shaped projection is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section. Effects of the invention

[0008] The wire nozzle of the present disclosure is capable of adequately shielding the processing area from the ingress of air with its simple and cost-effective structure. Brief description of the drawings Fig. Figure 1 is a front view illustrating a configuration of an additive manufacturing system according to a first embodiment. Fig. Figure 2 is a perspective view illustrating an exemplary configuration of a rotary mechanism of an additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 3 is a front view illustrating another exemplary placement of a wire nozzle in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 4 is a top view illustrating the other exemplary placement of the wire nozzle in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 5 is a front view illustrating an exemplary configuration in a case where a laser beam is used as a heat source in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 6 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a projection in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 7 is a side view illustrating a configuration of the wire nozzle and projection in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 8 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a first modification of the projection in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 9 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a second modification of the projection in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 10 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a third modification of the projection in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 11 is a top view illustrating an example of an oxygen concentration distribution on a surface of a job in the additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 12 is a top view illustrating an example of an oxygen concentration distribution on the surface of the application in a comparative example where the projection is not attached to the wire nozzle. Fig. Figure 13 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a wire nozzle and a projection according to a second embodiment. Fig. Figure 14 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a wire nozzle and a projection according to a third embodiment. Fig. Figure 15 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of the wire nozzle and the projection according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 16 is a side view illustrating a different configuration of the device for additive manufacturing according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 17 is a front view illustrating a different configuration of the wire nozzle and projection according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 18 is a side view illustrating the other configuration of the wire nozzle and projection according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 19 is a side view illustrating yet another configuration of the device for additive manufacturing according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 20 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a wire nozzle and a projection according to a fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 21 is a front view illustrating the configuration of the wire nozzle and projection according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 22 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a first modification of the wire nozzle and projection according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 23 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a second modification of the wire nozzle and projection according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 24 is a front view illustrating a condition in which a projection with a first shape is attached to a wire tube section in an additive manufacturing device according to a fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 25 is a front view illustrating a condition in which a projection with a second shape is attached to the wire tube section in the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 26 is a front view illustrating a condition in which a projection with a third shape is attached to the wire tube section in the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a machine learning device in relation to an additive manufacturing device according to a sixth embodiment. Fig. Figure 28 is a flowchart illustrating a learning processing process of the machine learning device with respect to the additive manufacturing device according to the sixth embodiment. Fig. Figure 29 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an inference device with respect to the additive manufacturing device according to the sixth embodiment. Fig. Figure 30 is a flowchart illustrating an inference processing process of the inference device with respect to the additive manufacturing device according to the sixth embodiment. Description of embodiments

[0009] A wire nozzle, an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method according to embodiments are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. First embodiment. (Description of the basic configuration of the device for additive manufacturing)

[0010] Fig. Figure 1 is a front view illustrating a configuration of an additive manufacturing system 1000 according to a first embodiment. The additive manufacturing system 1000 comprises a machining program generation unit 21 and an additive manufacturing device 100. The additive manufacturing device 100 is a device with DED technology for additive manufacturing. The machining program generation unit 21 generates a basic machining program 22, which is to be transferred to a control unit 20.

[0011] The additive manufacturing device 100 includes the control unit 20, a gas supply unit 3, a tube 4, a processing head 5, a heat source supply port 6, a gas nozzle 7, a material feed unit 11, a projection 200, a table 18, a rotary element 23, and a rotary mechanism 19. The material feed unit 11 includes a rotary motor 9, a wire spool 10, and a wire nozzle 12.

[0012] Based on the basic machining program 22, which is generated by the machining program generation device 21, the additive manufacturing device 100 performs an additive manufacturing process in which a manufacturing material 8 is melted with a heat source 14 and added to a base material 17, a build layer 16, and the like. The base material 17 is placed on the rotary mechanism 19, and the build layer 16 is placed on the base material 17. The additive manufacturing device 100 feeds the manufacturing material 8 to a machining area 15 via the manufacturing material feed unit 11, which includes the rotary motor 9, the wire spool 10, and the wire nozzle 12. The wire nozzle 12 includes a wire tube section 12a, which has a tubular shape in which an inner wall and an outer wall are concentric with respect to a central axis.The manufacturing material 8 is wound around the wire coil 10, passes through the inner wall of the wire tube section 12a, and is guided to the processing area 15. When the wire coil 10 is rotated by the rotary motor 9, the manufacturing material 8 is fed to the processing area 15.

[0013] A shielding gas 13 is supplied by the gas supply device 3. The shielding gas 13 is guided via the pipe 4 to the gas nozzle 7 and sprayed from above onto the machining area 15. The type of shielding gas 13 includes inert gases such as argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or the like.

[0014] The wire nozzle 12 is located within a region through which the shielding gas 13 passes. The projection 200 is attached to the wire tube section 12a of the wire nozzle 12. Examples of the material of the manufacturing material 8 supplied by the wire nozzle 12 include metal and resin. The manufacturing material 8 is not limited to a wire and can be a powder material ejected with high-pressure air or the like. Examples of the form of the manufacturing material 8 include wire, powder, and liquid. The projection 200 is attached to the wire tube section 12a at a position corresponding to the leeward side of the shielding gas 13. Alternatively, the wire tube section 12a and the projection 200 can be integrated.In this case, achieving accuracy through machining is difficult due to factors such as distortion of the wire tube section 12a, and the manufacturing difficulty is high. Therefore, the component can be manufactured using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. Examples of materials for the protrusion 200 include metallic materials such as copper, SUS, and aluminum. Chromium copper or similar materials can also be used to make spatter generated during manufacturing less likely to adhere to the protrusion 200.

[0015] In Fig. 1 corresponds to an X-axis direction, a horizontal direction parallel to a plane of the base material 17. A Y-axis direction corresponds to a direction parallel to the plane of the base material 17 and perpendicular to the X-axis direction. A Z-axis direction corresponds to a vertical direction (height direction) perpendicular to the plane of the base material 17.

[0016] Fig. Figure 2 is a perspective view illustrating an exemplary configuration of the rotary mechanism 19 of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. The rotary mechanism 19 rotates the base material 17 and the table 18 about an a-axis and a c-axis based on a drive command determined by the control unit 20. The a-axis is perpendicular to the c-axis. As the table 18 rotates, the relative angle and position between the base material 17 and the machining head 5 change. The rotary mechanism 19 can include the rotary element 23, which is located in Fig. The table 18 can be attached to the rotary element 23. The rotary mechanism 19 can also rotate the rotary element 23 and the table 18 based on a drive command. For example, the rotary mechanism 19 can be configured to rotate two rotary elements independently, one rotating in a direction "rc" around the c-axis as the axis of rotation and the other rotating in a direction "ra" around the a-axis as the axis of rotation. The a-axis and the c-axis can be arbitrarily oriented. For example, the a-axis can be parallel to the X-axis and the c-axis can be parallel to the Z-axis. Furthermore, the rotary mechanism 19 can, for example, include a servo motor that performs the two rotations in the "ra" and "rc" directions.Using the rotary mechanism 19, for example, it is possible to perform additive manufacturing to obtain a complex shape that requires a five-axis configuration to access a machining position. Alternatively, the rotary mechanism 19 need not be included. For example, the system 1000 does not require additive manufacturing using the rotary mechanism for the purpose of performing simple manufacturing to obtain a finished object for a wall or line.

[0017] The machining program generation unit 21 can be a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) device that generates the basic machining program 22 for controlling the additive manufacturing device 100. The machining program generation unit 21 generates the basic machining program 22 based on external data, such as layer height and shape information. As long as the machining program generation unit 21 can generate the basic machining program 22, the external data can be in a computer-aided design (CAD) data format or the like.

[0018] In Fig. 1. The axis of the wire tube section 12a of the wire nozzle 12 is aligned such that it forms an acute angle with the plane of the base material 17, but it need not always maintain this acute angle. For example, since it is sufficient to guide the manufacturing material 8 to the processing area 15, the relationship between the alignment of the axis of the wire nozzle 12 and the plane of the base material 17 can be perpendicular. Fig. Figure 1 illustrates one piece of the wire nozzle 12, however, a large number of pieces of the wire nozzles 12 can be arranged.

[0019] Fig. Figure 3 is a front view illustrating another exemplary placement of the wire nozzle 12 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 4 is a top view illustrating the other exemplary placement of the wire nozzle 12 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 3 shows the view of the wire nozzle 12 from the Y-axis direction, and Fig. Figure 4 shows the view of the wire nozzle 12 from the Z-axis direction. Fig. 3 and Fig. A plurality of wire nozzles 12 are arranged in section 4. In particular, two of the wire nozzles 12 are arranged such that the tips of two of the manufacturing materials 8 are opposite each other at an angle in the processing area 15. The wire nozzles 12 can be arranged in any position as long as the manufacturing materials 8 can be supplied to the processing area 15. Different types of manufacturing materials 8 can be supplied by the plurality of wire nozzles 12. In this case, the type of manufacturing material 8 to be used can be selected from the plurality of wire nozzles 12 and supplied. If the manufacturing materials 8 supplied by the wire nozzles 12 are the same, the manufacturing materials 8 can be supplied simultaneously to the processing area 15 to be melted and layered by the heat source 14.This increases the amount of manufacturing material 8 supplied per unit of time, and if the heat source 14 required to melt the manufacturing material 8 can be supplied to the processing area 15, the manufacturing speed can be further increased, thus accelerating additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the wire nozzle 12 can include a mechanism that allows it to rotate about its axis. An actuator of this mechanism includes a servo device. The wire nozzle 12, which is capable of rotation, can accommodate the directional dependency of the manufacturing process, and manufacturing can be carried out while the wire nozzle 12 is oriented in a specific direction, thereby simplifying the process.

[0020] The base material 17 may be a different material than the manufacturing material 8. In this case, the base material 17 and the manufacturing material 8 may not be able to be joined due to a difference in their melting points and a difference in their material properties, such as their heat absorption rate from the heat source 14. Solutions for such a case include a method for preheating the base material 17 with the heat source 14 to improve the melting of the base material 17 and the manufacturing material 8 and thus facilitate their joining, and a method for heating, for example, by passing an electric current to the manufacturing material 8.

[0021] In Fig. In this case, the heat source supply port 6 is located in a +Z-axis direction, as viewed from the base material 17; however, the position of the heat source supply port 6 is not restricted. For example, the heat source supply port 6 can be located in a position where the heat source 14 is supplied to the machining area 15, with one axis of the heat source supply port 6 being held at a non-perpendicular angle to the surface of the base material 17. Furthermore, it is permissible for multiple heat source supply ports 6 to be installed. In this case, the heat sources 14 can be supplied to the machining area 15 simultaneously from the multiple heat source supply ports 6, or only one of the multiple heat source supply ports 6 can supply the heat source 14. The multiple heat source supply ports 6 allow for the supply of heat sources 14 with high power output.Furthermore, if the heat source supply ports 6 supply the heat sources 14 to the processing area 15 from different positions, the base material 17 and the coating 16 can be heated directly without the heat sources 14 coming into direct contact with the manufacturing material 8, and melting between the manufacturing material 8 and the base material 17 can be facilitated.

[0022] The heat source 14 can be any means, as long as the heat source is capable of heating and melting the manufacturing material 8. For example, a case is considered in which a laser beam is used as the heat source 14. Fig. Figure 5 is a front view illustrating an exemplary configuration in which the laser beam is used as the heat source 14 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. The laser beam, acting as the heat source 14, is generated by amplifying light through a laser oscillator 1, passes through a fiber optic cable 2, is fed to a beam nozzle as the heat source supply port 6, and is emitted onto the processing area 15. The wavelength of the laser beam can be changed as desired depending on the manufacturing material 8. For example, in a case where the manufacturing material 8 is copper, a wavelength of a blue laser can be used.In addition to the laser beam, an infrared beam using radiant heat, a heating device, or the like can be used as the heat source 14 in another method to apply heat to the wire nozzle 12, raise the temperature of the material 8 to its melting point, and melt the material 8. In this method of applying heat to the wire nozzle 12, the heat source supply connection 6 is not necessary and can therefore be omitted. (Additive manufacturing process)

[0023] The control unit 20 moves the machining head 5 to a position on the base material 17, as determined by the basic machining program 22, and applies heat from the heat source 14 to the base material 17, thereby melting the build material 8, which is fed to the machining area 15 from the wire nozzle 12 of the machining head 5. The shielding gas 13, supplied by the gas supply unit 3, is guided through the tube 4 to the gas nozzle 7 and expelled from the top of the gas nozzle 7 onto the machining area 15. As the machining head 5 moves, the build material 8 is fed in, and the molten build material 8 solidifies. Due to surface tension or viscosity, it is deposited onto the base material 17 in a bead, forming the coating 16.The manufacturing material 8 is melted onto the build plate 16 or the base material 17 and repeatedly solidified in the bead shape to form the build plate 16 into the shape of a desired manufactured object. The build plate 16 in the bead shape, produced by melting the manufacturing material 8, varies in height and width due to a variety of factors, including the material of the manufacturing material 8, the feed rate, the power of the heat source 14, the speed of movement of the processing head 5, the shape of the build plate 16, and the like. Therefore, sensor feedback control can be applied, in which a camera, thermal viewer, or the like is used to detect the state of the molten manufacturing material 8, and based on the detected information, the speed of the processing head 5 and an output command value for the heat source 14 are changed by the control unit 20.The bead shape can be a line bead shape or a dot bead shape.

[0024] The additive manufacturing device 100 of the first embodiment can perform additive manufacturing if the manufacturing material 8 can be layered onto any workpiece, thus offering a high degree of freedom in the manufacturing process. The surfaces of the base material 17 and the coating 16, which are the workpieces onto which the manufacturing material is layered, are not necessarily flat surfaces and can be curved surfaces onto which the manufacturing material can be layered. Furthermore, if the manufacturing material 8 cannot be layered in a desired direction due to the influence of gravity or the like, the orientation of the base material 17 can be changed by driving the axis of the rotary mechanism 19, enabling layering to be carried out.

[0025] The additive manufacturing device 100 forms the object 16, which is the manufactured object, by layering the manufacturing material 8. However, it can be used not only to manufacture the object but also to repair a defect in a machined object. For example, a partially missing machined object can be repaired. The missing part is filled with the manufacturing material 8 of the machined object using the additive manufacturing device 100. Afterwards, the repaired and raised section can be polished or otherwise processed, thus restoring the machined object to its condition before the defect occurred. (Configuration of wire nozzle 12 and projection 200)

[0026] Fig. Figure 6 is a front view illustrating a configuration of the projection 200 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 7 is a side view illustrating the configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 6 shows the view of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 from the Y-axis direction. Fig. Figure 7 shows the view of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 from the X-axis direction.

[0027] As in the Fig. 6 and Fig. As illustrated in Figure 7, the projection 200 is attached to a lower part of the wire tube section 12a of the wire nozzle 12. In other words, the projection 200 extends from the wire tube section 12a towards a downstream side along the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. Put another way, the projection 200 has a thin, plate-like shape that hangs down along the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 from part or all of the length of the wire tube section 12a, such that it is positioned on a downstream side of the flow of the shielding gas 13 being expelled from the gas nozzle 7. In the first embodiment, the direction of a suspension axis W along which the projection 200 hangs from the wire tube section 12a coincides with the Z-axis direction, i.e., the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 in the first embodiment.

[0028] The length of a section of the projection 200 extending from a tip side of the wire tube section 12a towards the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 is shorter than the length of another section of the projection 200 extending from a base end side of the wire tube section 12a towards the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. In other words, viewed from the Y-axis direction, the projection 200 has a triangular shape that is long in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, with one vertex located below the tip of the wire nozzle 12 and another vertex located below the base end of the wire nozzle 12.

[0029] Furthermore, the width of the projection 200 in the Y-axis direction, which is one of two directions perpendicular to the Z-axis direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows, is set so that it is less than or equal to the diameter of the wire nozzle 12 in order not to slow down the flow of the shielding gas 13. Moreover, in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 the width of the projection 200 in the Y-axis direction is set so that it tapers towards the downstream side of the flow of the protective gas 13, and the rate of change of the width is set so that it increases towards the downstream side of the flow of the protective gas 13.

[0030] The reason for the projection 200 being attached to the wire nozzle 12 is to cover the working area 15, which includes the section immediately below the wire tube section 12a, with the shielding gas 13. Therefore, the projection 200 is shaped such that the shielding gas 13, which is expelled from the gas nozzle 7, can flow on the surface of the projection 200 to cover the working area 15, which includes the section immediately below the wire nozzle 12.

[0031] Fig. Figure 8 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a first modification of the projection 200 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. In the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is the lower section of the 200-degree protrusion parallel to the base material 17, whereas the 200-degree protrusion in Fig. 8 has a triangular shape, the lower section of which is not parallel to the base material 17. The projection 200 can have any shape, as long as the shielding gas 13, which is expelled from the gas nozzle 7, flows along the surface shape of the projection 200 and finally covers the machining area 15.

[0032] Fig. Figure 9 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a second modification of the projection 200 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 10 is a side view illustrating a configuration of a third modification of the projection 200 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. The projections 200 in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are bilaterally symmetrical with respect to an XZ plane, but need not be bilaterally symmetrical. For example, the 200-point advantage, as in Fig. Figure 9 illustrates a bilaterally asymmetric shape, where one surface is flat and the other is curved. Furthermore, the width of the projection 200 in the Y-axis direction need not taper towards the downstream side of the protective gas flow 13, as shown in Fig. 7, and the lead can have 200 sections of the same width. For example, as in Fig. Figure 10 illustrates how the projection 200, which has a flat plate shape with a thickness smaller than the outer diameter of the wire nozzle 12, can be attached.

[0033] Fig. Figure 11 is a top view illustrating an example of an oxygen concentration distribution 208 on a surface of the application 16 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 12 is a top view illustrating an example of an oxygen concentration distribution 210 on the surface of the coating 16 in a comparative example where the projection 200 is not attached to the wire nozzle 12. In the case of Fig. Although not illustrated, the projection 200 is attached to the wire nozzle 12. As can be seen from the comparison between the Fig. 11 and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 12, the oxygen concentration in the area below the wire tube section 12a can be reduced by attaching the projection 200. Without the projection 200, when the shielding gas 13 is expelled from the gas nozzle 7 onto the machining area 15, the wire tube section 12a acts as an obstruction, leaving an area of ​​the machining area 15 not covered by the shielding gas 13. By attaching the projection 200, the shielding gas 13 flows along its surface, and the area in the machining area 15 that is not covered by the shielding gas 13 when the projection 200 is absent can be covered by the shielding gas 13, thereby improving the inhibition of oxidation of the coating 16 in the machining area 15.

[0034] As described above, the first embodiment includes the projection 200, which has a plate-like shape with a width less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section 12a, and projects from the wire tube section 12a downstream along the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. This allows the shielding gas 13, which is expelled from the gas nozzle 7, to flow over the surface of the projection 200, and the machining area 15, which includes the section immediately below the wire nozzle 12, to be covered with the shielding gas 13. Consequently, this simple and cost-effective structure can adequately shield the machining area 15 from the ingress of air.Moreover, the width of the projection 200 in the Y-axis direction is set so that it tapers towards the downstream side of the flow of the protective gas 13, and the rate of change of the width is set so that it increases towards the downstream side of the flow of the protective gas 13, thereby effectively covering the area of ​​the manufactured object that is covered by the wire tube section 12a with the protective gas. Second embodiment.

[0035] Fig. Figure 13 is a front view illustrating a configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to a second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the surface of the projection 200 has been treated to have irregularities, and recesses 201, which are a plurality of indentations, are provided on the surface of the projection 200. The other configurations in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and redundant descriptions are omitted. The recess of the 201 can have an arc shape, a cone shape, a trapezoidal shape, or the like. The number, shape, and size of the recesses 201 are adjusted according to the flow rate of the shielding gas 13 flowing on the surface of the projection 200 and the size of the projection 200.For example, the size of the outer diameter of the depression 201 is 1 / 10 of the length of the axis of the wire tube section 12a, the shape of the depression is an arc, the depth of the depression is 1 / 2 of the outer diameter of the depression 201, and the distance between the centers of the depressions 201 is 3 / 2 of the outer diameter of the depression 201.

[0036] The depressions 201 on the surface of the projection 200 disrupt the flow of the protective gas 13 on the surface of the projection 200, and the flow rate near the surface is reduced less readily. Consequently, the protective gas 13 separates less readily from the surface. To achieve the effect of the depressions 201, the protective gas 13 ideally flows at a rate that results in laminar flow. Depending on the size and shape of the projection 200 or the type and flow rate of the protective gas 13, the number, size, and shape of the depressions 201 suitable for causing the flow of the protective gas 13 to separate on a more leeward side of the projection 200 will vary. Therefore, the projection 200 can be used with depressions 201 of a suitable size and shape, depending on the situation.One suitable method for obtaining the advantage 200 is to investigate the position of the separation for a variety of advantages 200. The position of the separation can be investigated by various methods, including, for example, schlieren flow visualization.

[0037] As described above, according to the second embodiment, the recesses 201 are provided on the surface of the projection 200, so that the following effect is achieved in addition to the effect of the first embodiment. That is, compared to the case in which the recesses 201 are missing, the shielding gas 13 separates from the surface of the projection 200 on the more leeward side, so that the processing area 15, which is located directly below the wire nozzle 12, can be more reliably covered with the shielding gas 13, thereby improving the effect of inhibiting the oxidation of the coating 16 as the workpiece. Third embodiment.

[0038] Fig. Figure 14 is a side view illustrating a configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to a third embodiment. Fig. Figure 15 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, a joint 202 is provided that allows the projection 200 to rotate about the axis of the wire tube section 12a. Thus, in the third embodiment, the oxidation inhibition effect can be maintained even if the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, which is expelled from the gas nozzle 7, changes. The other configurations in the third embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a redundant description is omitted.

[0039] The joint 202 is attached to an outer circumferential section of the wire tube section 12a and rotates about the axis of the wire tube section 12a, as indicated by an arrow K. The projection 200 is attached to the rotating joint 202. The joint 202 rotates such that the axis of suspension W of the projection 200 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. The joint 202 can be either a passive joint without an actuator or an active joint with an actuator. In the case of the passive joint, the joint rotates such that the axis of suspension W of the projection 200 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. In the case of the active joint, the actuator attached to the joint 202 of the wire nozzle 12 drives the projection 200 to rotate so that it coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. The actuator of the active joint contains a motor.

[0040] In the case where the joint 202 is the passive joint, the joint 202 rotates passively such that the axis of suspension W is aligned with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, allowing the shielding gas 13 to flow along the projection 200 without separating from its surface. Therefore, compared to the case where the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 are fixed without the joint 202, the machining area 15 located below the wire nozzle 12 can be more reliably covered with the shielding gas 13, thus improving the inhibition of oxidation of the coating 16 on the workpiece. If the flow of the shielding gas 13 is highly irregular and the projection 200 cannot follow it, a lubricant, such as lubricating oil, can be applied to the joint 202. When the lubricant is applied, the joint 202 has a lower frictional resistance and follows the flow of the shielding gas 13 more easily.Furthermore, in a case where the projection 200 is light and its orientation changes significantly due to a change in the flow of the protective gas 13, an elastic body, such as a coil spring, can be placed in the joint 202. With the elastic body placed in the joint 202, the projection 200 need not be sensitive to a negligible change in the flow of the protective gas 13, thus preventing malfunctions.

[0041] Fig. Figure 16 is a side view illustrating a different configuration of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 16 illustrates an exemplary configuration in the case where the joint 202 is the active joint. A wind direction sensor 207 is installed on the upwind side of the flow of the protective gas 13, as viewed from the projection 200. In this configuration, the wind direction sensor 207 detects the flow direction of the protective gas 13 through the projection 200 and drives the joint 202, causing it to rotate such that the orientation of the hanging axis W of the projection 200 coincides with the detected flow direction of the protective gas 13. As a result, the protective gas 13 can flow along the projection 200 without separating from its surface. The wind direction sensor 207 can be positioned anywhere, as long as the flow direction of the protective gas 13 through the projection 200 can be detected.

[0042] Fig. Figure 17 is a front view illustrating a different configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 18 is a side view illustrating the other configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 19 is a side view illustrating yet another configuration of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the third embodiment. In the Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 the projection 200 is subdivided into a multitude of projections 200a to 200e, the joint 202 is subdivided into a multitude of joints 202a to 202e and the projections 200a to 200e can be rotated independently by corresponding joints 202a to 202e.

[0043] Joints 202a to 202e can be either passive or active joints. As in the Fig. 17 and Fig. As illustrated in Figure 18, in the case where the joints 202a to 202e are the passive joints, the projections 200a to 200e are rotated independently along the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 that is expelled from the gas nozzle 7. As shown in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 19, if the joints 202a to 202e are the active joints, wind direction sensors 207a to 207e are each installed separately above the subdivided projections 200a to 200e, and each wind direction sensor 207a to 207e detects the flow direction of the protective gas 13. The projections 200a to 200e are rotated according to the corresponding detected directions of the protective gas 13. According to this configuration, compared to the case where the projection 200 is not subdivided, each of the projections 200a to 200e is rotated according to a more localized flow of the protective gas 13, so that a larger quantity of the protective gas 13 can flow along the surfaces of the projections 200a to 200e, thereby further increasing the inhibition of oxidation of the coating 16 as the workpiece.

[0044] As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the joint 202 is provided so that it rotates in such a way that the suspension axis W of the projection 200 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, so that even if the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 changes, the shielding gas 13 can pass around the back of the wire tube section 12a, thereby further improving the effect of inhibiting the oxidation of the coating 16 as the workpiece. Fourth embodiment.

[0045] Fig. Figure 20 is a side view illustrating a configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to a fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 21 is a front view illustrating the configuration of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, a configuration is added to prevent or reduce a temperature increase of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 due to heat from the heat source 14, reflected heat, and spatter generated during manufacturing. The other configurations in the fourth embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0046] In the fourth embodiment, a flow path 203, through which a refrigerant 204 flows, is provided inside the projection 200. The flow path 203 includes an inlet 205, through which the refrigerant 204 enters the projection 200, and an outlet 206, through which the refrigerant exits the projection 200 to the outside. The refrigerant 204 enters the projection 200 through the inlet 205, passes through the flow path 203, and exits the projection 200 to the outside through the outlet 206. The refrigerant 204 in the Fig. 20 and Fig. The illustrated flow path 203 has a shape in which the inlet 205 and the outlet 206 are circular, with an arc formed between them, but is not necessarily limited to such a configuration.

[0047] Fig. Figure 22 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a first modification of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 23 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a second modification of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 according to the fourth embodiment. In the Fig. In the first illustrated modification 22, the flow path 203 meanders in such a way that the refrigerant 204 flows extensively through the interior of the projection 200. The cross-sectional shape of the flow path 203 is not necessarily uniform as long as the refrigerant 204 flows through the flow path 203. When manufacturing a mold where the shape of the flow path 203 is complex and difficult to produce by cutting or casting, as with the projection 200 in Fig. 22, a manufacturing device, such as a 3D printer, can be used to manufacture the projection 200 with the flow path 203 having the complicated shape.

[0048] In the Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 is a single path of the flow path 203 with the inlet 205 and the outlet 206 provided in the projection 200; however, a plurality of flow paths 203 can be provided. In the Fig. In the second illustrated modification, the projection 200 includes two distinct flow paths 203, each with its own inlet 205 and outlet 206. With the multiple inlets 205 and outlets 206 provided, the flow of refrigerant 204 passing through the interior of the projection 200 can be increased, thus improving the cooling effect of the projection 200. Examples of refrigerant 204 include water, oil, chlorofluorocarbons, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. The flow path 203 can be provided not only within the projection 200 but also within the wire tube section 12a. Consequently, the refrigerant 204 can be fed into the wire tube section 12a, cooling not only the projection 200 but also the wire nozzle 12.

[0049] If the heat source 14, which is emitted from the heat source supply port 6, is reflected by the coating 16 and the base material 17, or if splashes and reflected heat generated when the heat source 14 is emitted to the manufacturing material 8 directly impact the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200, the temperature of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200 increases. When the refrigerant 204 flows through the flow path 203, which is provided inside the projection 200, thermal energy from the projection 200 flows to the refrigerant 204. The refrigerant 204 flows to the outside of the projection 200 and carries away the thermal energy from the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200, thereby preventing or reducing the temperature increase of the components.Since the temperature rise can be prevented or reduced, distortion of the wire nozzle 12 due to heat can be prevented, as can insufficient supply of the manufacturing material 8 due to heat, and melting of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200. It should be noted that even in the case where the projection 200 is subdivided into the multiple projections 200a to 200e, as in the... Fig. Figures 17 to 19 illustrate that the flow path 203, through which the refrigerant 204 flows, can be formed in each of the projections 200a to 200e.

[0050] As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the flow path 203, through which the refrigerant 204 flows, is provided inside the projection 200, so that the temperature rise of each component due to the generated heat and splashes can be prevented or reduced. As a result, distortion of the wire nozzle 12 due to heat, insufficient supply of the manufacturing material 8 due to heat, melting of the wire nozzle 12 and the projection 200, and the like can be prevented. Fifth embodiment.

[0051] A fifth embodiment can switch between a plurality of the projections 200 having different shapes when the angle between the wire tube section 12a and the base material 17 changes. Fig. Figure 24 is a front view illustrating a state in which a projection 200p with a first shape is attached to the wire tube section 12a in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 25 is a front view illustrating a state in which a projection 200q with a second shape is attached to the wire tube section 12a in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 26 is a front view illustrating a state in which a projection 200r with a third shape is attached to the wire tube section 12a in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment.

[0052] The in the Fig. 24, Fig. 25 and Fig. The 26 illustrated projections 200p, 200q, and 200r have triangular shapes, where two sides of the triangle, enclosing one side along the central axis in the wire tube section 12a, have lengths (length in the X-axis direction and length in the Z-axis direction) that differ among the projections 200p, 200q, and 200r. Furthermore, the projections 200p, 200q, and 200r are equidistant from a vertex of the triangle, corresponding to the tip of the wire tube section 12a, to the base material 17.The multitude of projections 200p, 200q and 200r, which have these different shapes, are prepared, and depending on the angle formed by the wire tube section 12a and the base material 17, a switching operation is carried out in which one of the projections 200p, 200q and 200r is selected and connected to the wire tube section 12a such that a lower section of the projection 200p, 200q or 200r, which faces the base material 17, is parallel to the base material 17. By making it possible to change the projection 200 when the angle between the wire tube section 12a and the base material 17 changes, it is possible to select the projection 200p, 200q or 200r suitable for covering the machining area 15, which is located directly below the wire nozzle 12, with the shielding gas 13.

[0053] The position at which each of the protrusions 200p, 200q, and 200r is attached is not limited to the tip of the wire tube section 12a. For example, a vertex of each of the protrusions 200p, 200q, and 200r can project from the tip of the wire tube section 12a to a tip of the wire, which is the fabrication material 8. The wire tube section 12a and the protrusions 200p, 200q, and 200r can be joined by any method, provided that the protrusions can be interchanged and do not detach during fabrication without melting or the like of a joining material. Examples of the joining material include a magnet, a heat-resistant adhesive, and physical attachment.

[0054] To automatically change the angle between the wire tube section 12a and the base material 17, the wire nozzle 12 can be driven by a servo device. If this change in angle is not large, it will not affect the oxygen reduction effect, so the projection 200 does not need to be changed.

[0055] The occasion for changing the projection 200 need not be limited to a change in the angle between the axis of the wire tube section 12a and the plane of the base material 17. For example, depending on the shape of the coating 16 as the workpiece, the flow rate of the shielding gas 13 expelled from the gas nozzle 7, or similar factors, the shape suitable for covering the working area 15 with the shielding gas 13 may vary. Therefore, if the shape of the coating 16 changes, if the workpiece or the flow rate of the shielding gas 13 expelled from the gas nozzle 7 changes, the oxidation inhibition effect on the working area 15 can be improved by changing the projection 200 to the appropriate projection 200p, 200q, or 200r.

[0056] As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, if the angle between the wire tube section 12a and the base material 17 changes, one of the plurality of projections 200 with different shapes is selected so that it is possible to select a projection suitable for the inclination of the wire tube section 12a and furthermore to improve the effect of inhibiting the oxidation of the machining area 15. Sixth embodiment.

[0057] Fig. Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a machine learning device 40 in relation to the additive manufacturing device 100 according to a sixth embodiment. The machine learning device 40 includes a data acquisition unit 41, which is a first data acquisition unit, and a model generation unit 42.

[0058] The data acquisition unit 41 acquires as training data the pose of the projection 200, which actively moves around the axis of the wire nozzle 12, and the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207. The model generation unit 42 learns the pose of the projection 200 in the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 based on the training data, which includes the pose of the projection 200, which actively moves around the axis of the wire nozzle 12, and the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207. That is, the model generation unit 42 generates a trained model that derives the pose of the projection 200 in the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0059] A learning algorithm used by Model Generation Unit 42 can be a well-known algorithm, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or reinforcement learning. As an example, a case involving reinforcement learning is described. In reinforcement learning, an agent (the subject of an action) observes a current state (environmental parameter) in a given environment and determines an action to take. The environment changes dynamically as a result of the agent's action, and the agent receives a reward according to the change in the environment. The agent repeats this process and learns an action policy that maximizes the reward over a series of actions. Representative methods for reinforcement learning include Q-learning and TD-learning. In the case of Q-learning, for example, a general update formula for an action value function Q(s, a) is expressed by formula (1). Formula 1: Q(st,at)←Q(st,at)+α(rt+1+γ maxa Q(st+1,a)−Q(st,at)).

[0060] In formula (1) there is “s t “represents a state of the environment at a time “t” and gives “a” t “an action at time “t” again. The state changes to “s” t+1 “ through the action “a t “over. Moreover, there is “r t+1 “γ represents a reward granted as a result of the change in state, “γ” represents a discount factor, and “α” represents a learning rate. Note that “γ” lies in the range 0 < γ ≤ 1 and “α” lies in the range 0 < α ≤ 1. The pose of the projection 200, which is actively moving around the axis of the wire nozzle 12, corresponds to the action “a t “, the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207, corresponds to the state “s t “and it will be the best action “a t “ in the state “s t “ learned at time “t”.

[0061] According to the update formula (1), an action value “Q” increases when the action value “Q” of the action “a t+1 “with the highest Q-value at time “t+1” is higher than the action value “Q” of action “a” t “, which is executed at time “t”, or, conversely, the action value “Q” is decreased. In other words, the action value function Q (s, a) is updated such that the action value “Q” of the action “a” is t “The best action value “Q” at time “t” approaches the best action value at time “t+1”. As a result, the best action value in a given environment is successively propagated to action values ​​in previous environments.

[0062] As described above, in the case that the trained model is generated by reinforcement learning, the model generation unit 42 includes a reward calculation unit 43 and a function update unit 44.

[0063] The reward calculation unit 43 calculates the reward "r" based on the oxygen content of the manufactured object. The reward "r" is calculated using a procedure that increases the reward "r" when the oxygen content of the manufactured object decreases.

[0064] Based on the reward “r” calculated by the reward calculation unit 43, the function update unit 44 updates the function for determining the pose of the projection 200 in the flow direction of the protective gas 13 and outputs the function to a storage unit 50 for a trained model. In the case of Q-learning, for example, the action value function Q(s) expressed by formula (1) is used. t , at) is used as the function to calculate the pose of the projection 200, which corresponds to the flow direction of the protective gas 13.

[0065] The aforementioned learning process is repeated. Memory unit 50 for a trained model stores the action value function Q (s t , a t ), that is, the trained model is updated by the function update unit 44.

[0066] Next, a learning process will be performed by Facility 40 for machine learning with reference to Fig. 28 described. Fig. Figure 28 is a flowchart illustrating a learning processing process of the machine learning device 40 with respect to the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the sixth embodiment.

[0067] In step S1, the data acquisition unit 41 records as learning data the pose of the projection 200, which actively moves around the axis of the wire nozzle 12, and the flow direction of the shielding gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0068] In step S2, the model generation unit 42 determines, based on the oxygen content of the manufactured object, whether the reward "r" should be increased or decreased. The model generation unit 42 determines whether the reward should be increased or decreased based on predetermined reward criteria D (general expression for D1 and D2).

[0069] If it is determined that the reward "r" is to be increased, the reward calculation unit 43 increases the reward "r" at step S3. For example, if the oxygen level meets a reward increase criterion D1, the reward calculation unit 43 increases the reward "r" (for example, it awards a reward of "1"). Conversely, if it is determined that the reward "r" is to be decreased, the reward calculation unit 43 decreases the reward "r" at step S4. For example, if the oxygen level meets a reward increase criterion D2, the reward calculation unit 43 decreases the reward "r" (for example, it awards a reward of "-1").

[0070] In step S5, the function update unit 44 updates the action value function Q (s) based on the reward “r” calculated by the reward calculation unit 43. t , a t), which is expressed by formula (1) and is stored in memory unit 50 for a trained model.

[0071] The machine learning setup 40 repeatedly performs the processing from step S1 to step S5 as described above and stores the generated action value function Q (s t , at) as the trained model in memory unit 50 for a trained model.

[0072] Although, according to the sixth embodiment, the machine learning facility 40 stores the trained model in the trained model storage unit 50, which is provided outside the machine learning facility 40, the trained model storage unit 50 may be contained within the machine learning facility 40.

[0073] Fig. Figure 29 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an inference unit 51 with respect to the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the sixth embodiment. The inference unit 51 includes a data acquisition unit 52, which is a second data acquisition unit, and an inference unit 53.

[0074] The data acquisition unit 52 records the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0075] The inference unit 53 uses the trained model, which is stored in the memory unit 50 for a trained model, to derive the pose of the projection 200 that corresponds to the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is detected by the data acquisition unit 52. That is, by inputting the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is a value detected by the wind direction sensor 207 and recorded by the data acquisition unit 52, into the trained model, the inference unit 53 can derive the pose of the projection 200 that is suitable for the flow direction of the protective gas 13 detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0076] It should be noted that the sixth embodiment describes that the trained model, which was learned by the model generation unit 42 with respect to the additive manufacturing device 100, is used to output the pose of the protrusion 200 corresponding to the input state, but the trained model can be captured by another additive manufacturing device and the pose of the protrusion 200 corresponding to the input state can be output based on this trained model.

[0077] Next, the operation of inference facility 51 will be described with reference to Fig. 30 described. Fig. Figure 30 is a flowchart illustrating an inference processing process of the inference device 51 with respect to the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the sixth embodiment.

[0078] In step S10, the data acquisition unit 52 records the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0079] In step S11, the inference unit 53 inputs the flow direction of the protective gas 13, which is detected by the wind direction sensor 207, into the trained model, which is stored in the memory unit 50 for a trained model, and obtains the pose of the protrusion 200, which corresponds to the flow direction that was entered.

[0080] In step S12, the inference unit 53 outputs the obtained pose of the projection 200 to the control unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing.

[0081] In step S13, the control unit 20 of the additive manufacturing device 100 controls the pose of the projection 200 to achieve the entered pose of the projection 200.

[0082] It should be noted that the sixth embodiment describes the case in which reinforcement learning is applied as the learning algorithm used by the inference unit 53; however, the learning algorithm is not limited to this. In addition to reinforcement learning, it is also possible to apply supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or the like as the learning algorithm.

[0083] Furthermore, the learning algorithm used in the model generation unit 42 can be deep learning, which learns to extract a feature value itself, or machine learning can be performed according to another known method, such as a neural network, genetic programming, functional logic programming, or a support vector machine.

[0084] It should be noted that the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51, for example, could be devices connected to the additive manufacturing device 100 via a network and separate from the device itself. Alternatively, the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51 could be integrated into the additive manufacturing device 100. As a further alternative, the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51 could reside on a cloud server.

[0085] Furthermore, the model generation unit 42 can use the training data acquired from a plurality of additive manufacturing devices 100 to learn the pose of the projection 200 that corresponds to the input state. It should be noted that the model generation unit 42 can acquire the training data from a plurality of additive manufacturing devices 100 used in the same area, or it can use the training data collected from a plurality of additive manufacturing devices 100 operated independently in different areas to learn the pose of the projection 200 that corresponds to the input state. Moreover, the additive manufacturing device 100 from which the training data is collected can be added or removed during the process.Furthermore, the machine learning device 40, which has learned the pose of the protrusion 200 corresponding to the input state for one of the additive manufacturing devices 100, can be applied to another of the additive manufacturing devices 100, and the position of the protrusion 200 corresponding to the input state for the other of the additive manufacturing devices 100 can be relearned and updated.

[0086] The configurations illustrated in the foregoing embodiments merely represent an example of the content of the present disclosure and can therefore be combined with another known technique or partially omitted and / or modified without deviating from the scope of the invention. Reference symbol list

[0087] 1 Laser oscillator; 2 Fiber optic cable; 3 Gas supply unit; 4 Tube; 5 Machining head; 6 Heat source supply port; 7 Gas nozzle; 8 Manufacturing material; 9 Rotary motor; 10 Wire spool; 11 Manufacturing material supply unit; 12 Wire nozzle; 12a Wire tube section; 13 Shielding gas; 14 Heat source; 15 Machining area; 16 Job; 17 Base material; 18 Table; 19 Rotary mechanism; 20 Control unit; 21 Machining program generation unit; 22 Basic machining program; 23 Rotary element; 40 Machine learning unit; 41, 52 Data acquisition unit; 42 Model generation unit; 43 Reward calculation unit; 44 Function update unit; 50 Storage unit for a trained model; 51 Inference unit; 53 Inference unit; 100 Additive manufacturing device; 200, 200a to 200e, 200p to 200r projection; 201 recess; 202, 202a to 202e joint; 203 flow path; 204 refrigerant; 205 inlet; 206 outlet; 207, 207a to 207e wind direction sensor;208, 210 Oxygen concentration distribution; 1000 Additive manufacturing system; W Suspended axis.; QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2020 / 213051

[0004]

Claims

[1] Wire nozzle which is at least partially located within a region through which a protective gas passes, wherein the wire nozzle comprises a wire tube section to feed a manufacturing material in the form of a wire to a processing area which is irradiated with heat to melt the manufacturing material and to which the protective gas is also supplied, wherein the wire nozzle includes a projection that is plate-shaped and extends downstream from the wire tube section along a flow direction of the shielding gas, and a width of the projection, which is plate-shaped, less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section. [2] Wire nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the width of the lead from the wire tube section downstream towards the flow of the protective gas. [3] Wire nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire tube section is arranged at an angle with respect to a base material on which a manufactured object is placed, and a length of a section of the projection extending from a tip side of the wire tube section towards the direction of flow of the shielding gas is shorter than a length of another section of the projection extending from a base end side of the wire tube section towards the direction of flow of the shielding gas. [4] Wire nozzle according to claim 3, wherein the projection has a triangular shape. [5] Wire nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of recesses are provided on a surface of the projection. [6] Wire nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the projection is rotatable about a central axis of the wire tube section with respect to the wire tube section. [7] Wire nozzle according to claim 6, wherein the projection is divided into a plurality of projections and each of the plurality of divided projections is independently rotatable about the central axis of the wire tube section. [8] Wire nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the projection includes a flow path through which a refrigerant flows. [9] Device for additive manufacturing, comprising: a heat source supply unit to irradiate a processing area with heat to melt a manufacturing material that is in the form of a wire; a gas supply unit to supply a protective gas to the machining area from above; and a production material feed unit comprising a wire nozzle to feed the production material to the processing area, wherein the wire nozzle includes a wire tube section which is at least partially located within an area through which the shielding gas passes, wherein The device for additive manufacturing includes a projection that is plate-shaped and extends from the wire tube section towards a flow direction of the protective gas, and a width of the projection, which is plate-shaped, less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section. [10] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the width of the lead from the wire tube section downstream towards the flow of the protective gas. [11] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the wire tube section is arranged at an angle with respect to a base material on which a manufactured object is placed, and a length of one section of the projection extending from a tip side of the wire tube section towards the direction of flow of the shielding gas is shorter than the length of another section of the projection extending from a base end side of the wire tube section towards the direction of flow of the shielding gas. [12] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 11, wherein the projection has a triangular shape. [13] Device for additive manufacturing according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein a plurality of recesses are provided on a surface of the projection. [14] Device for additive manufacturing according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the projection is rotatable about a central axis of the wire tube section with respect to the wire tube section. [15] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 14, wherein the projection is divided into a plurality of projections and each of the plurality of divided projections is independently rotatable about the central axis of the wire tube section. [16] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 14 or 15, comprising: a wind direction sensor to detect the flow direction of the protective gas on a surface of the projection; a machine learning facility that includes the following: a first data acquisition unit to capture training data, including a value detected by the wind direction sensor and a pose of the protrusion rotating around a central axis of the wire tube section; and a model generation unit to use the training data to generate a trained model for deriving the pose of the protrusion corresponding to the value detected by the wind direction sensor from the value detected by the wind direction sensor; and an inference facility that includes the following: a second data acquisition unit to record the value detected by the wind direction sensor; and an inference unit to use the trained model to output the pose of the protrusion that corresponds to the value detected by the wind direction sensor, which is captured by the second data acquisition unit, wherein The additive manufacturing device rotates the pose of the protrusion based on the protrusion pose output by the inference device. [17] Device for additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 9 to 16, wherein the projection includes a flow path through which a refrigerant flows. [18] Additive manufacturing processes, comprising: a step for arranging at least a part of a wire nozzle comprising a wire tube section and a projection within an area through which a shielding gas passes, and for feeding a manufacturing material to a machining area using the wire nozzle, wherein the projection is plate-shaped, extends from the wire tube section towards a flow direction of the shielding gas, and has a width that is less than or equal to an outside diameter of the wire tube section; a step to irradiate the processing area with heat to melt the manufacturing material, which is in the form of a wire; and a step to supply the shielding gas to the processing area from above. [19] Method for additive manufacturing according to claim 18, wherein the protrusion has a triangular shape and The additive manufacturing process also includes the following: a step to prepare a plurality of projections, wherein lengths of two sides of the triangle enclosing one side along a central axis in the wire tube section differ among the projections, and a distance from a vertex of the triangle corresponding to a tip side of the wire tube section to a base material on which a manufactured object is placed is the same among the projections; and a step to select, according to a changing angle between the wire tube section and the base material, one of the multitude of protrusions and connect the selected protrusion to the wire tube section such that one side of the triangle facing the base material is parallel to the base material.

Images