ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS AND THEIR PRODUCTION PROCESS

Abstract

Elastomeric materials and their production process. The present invention relates to elastomeric materials, and more precisely to an elastomeric material mixture of at least one polyisoprene polymer and at least one natural or synthetic polymer. The invention also relates to the process of preparing the mixture and processing it using an electrohydrodynamic process or an aerohydrodynamic process, or a combination of both.

Description

ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION PROCESS OF SAME The present invention relates to elastomeric materials, and more precisely to an elastomeric material mixture of at least one polyisoprene polymer and at least one natural or synthetic polymer. The invention also relates to the process of preparing the mixture and processing it using an electrohydrodynamic process or an aerohydrodynamic process, or a combination of both. STATE OF THE ART Polyisoprenes (hereafter abbreviated as PI) are polymers that, when derived naturally, are isolated from natural rubber. cis-1,4-Polyisoprene, with the chemical formula (Poly(1-methyl-1-butene-1,4-diyl)), (hereafter abbreviated as cPI), is the main constituent (>90% of the dry weight) of natural rubber (NR), obtained from latex, i.e., the sap of trees and plants. In addition to polyisoprene (PI), NR contains some other organic impurities, which are removed during the extraction of polyisoprene from natural rubber. Natural rubber can also be found in liquid form. Liquid natural rubber (LNR) is obtained from natural rubber after further depolymerization from purified high molecular weight (Mw) latex rubber. LNR can contain more than 98% cis-1,4-polyisoprene and is a viscous brown liquid. cPI is an amorphous elastomeric polymer, with very low tensile strength, low Young's modulus and high breaking strength.Polyisoprenes can also occur in a trans form, called trans polyisoprene (tPI), which, unlike cis, is more crystalline, solid at room temperature, and has high tensile strength and a high Young's modulus (Baboo, M., Dixit, M., Sharma, K. et al. Mechanical and thermal characterization of cispolyisoprene and trans-polyisoprene blends. Polym. Bull. 66, 661-672 (2011)). The elastomeric properties that define rubber and other elastomeric polymers imply that the material has extremely high elasticity (frequently between 100-1000% elongation after applied stretching), an amorphous (disordered) macromolecular structure, and a low glass transition temperature (Tg) (around or well below room temperature). In particular, the elasticity of natural rubber (CN) is a consequence of the amorphous nature of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI) and the macromolecular chains that can stretch under applied stress. Such elastomeric materials, and specifically natural rubber, have applications in various sectors, including agriculture, textiles, and the automotive industry. However, in order to be usable, highly purified elastomeric materials such as CN or cPI must be crosslinked or vulcanized. Crosslinking the chains limits their stretchability, helps the rubber return to its original shape once the applied tension is removed, and raises the rubber's melting point. Therefore, elastomeric materials like cPI or CN can only be used after vulcanization, which crosslinks the previously free-moving chains with sulfur and provides stiffness and thus usability to elastomeric products like rubber. In fact, sulfur vulcanization makes elastomeric materials (such as cPI or CN) stronger and stiffer, yet still elastic. However, the vulcanization process adds an extra processing step and significantly hinders the biodegradability of these elastomeric polymers or compounds in their vulcanized form. Vulcanization creates new chemical bonds in elastomeric materials (such as CN or cPI) that give the product suitable elastomeric properties but also make it resistant to biodegradation. Currently, there is a major challenge in addressing the environmental concerns related not only to rubber waste but also to the rubber vulcanization process itself, which generates harmful chemicals and large quantities of wastewater. In general, according to the prior art, there is a need for new elastomeric materials with high elastomeric properties suitable for products, which can recover their original shape after stretching, without the need for any subsequent treatment such as vulcanization that hinders the biodegradability of the elastomeric material and is polluting. These new elastomeric materials, improved both in terms of their properties and their manufacturing process, would show potential for use in both traditional and novel fields and industries. Examples of such new elastomeric materials are the subject of this patent application. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel polyisoprene-based elastomeric materials with at least one additional natural or synthetic polymer, as well as to the process for preparing such polyisoprene-based blend materials using electrohydrodynamic or aerohydrodynamic processes, or a combination of both. The polyisoprene-based materials developed according to the present invention possess desirable elastomeric properties, exhibiting very high elongation at break, a relatively low Young's modulus, and the ability to recover their original shape after being stretched below their breaking point. Furthermore, the elastomeric materials according to the invention do not require any additional post-treatment such as vulcanization. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a mixture of elastomeric material comprising: 1) a first component which is a polyisoprene (PI) polymer, and 2) a second component that is an additional natural or synthetic polymer selected from a polyisoprene polymer different from that used as the first component, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and their copolymers, polylactic acid (PLA), polyphosphazenes, polyorthoesters, polyesters, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), copolymers of PVOH with polyvinyl ethylene (EVOH), polyacrylates (PAC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitriles (PAN), lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, cellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, diaminocellulose, cellulose dialcohol, cellulose dicarboxylic acid, cellulose dialdehyde, tricarboxy cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, bacterial cellulose (BC), BC oxidized with TEMPO,chitin, chitosan, natural proteins, or combinations thereof. It should be noted that the "polyisoprene polymer other than that used as the first component," i.e., the polyisoprene of the second component, may be one or more additional natural or synthetic polymers selected from a family of polyisoprene polymers that is different from the family of the polyisoprene polymer used as the "first component." By way of non-limiting and clarifying example, if the first component is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, the second component may be a different polyisoprene such as trans,1,2-polyisoprene and / or 3,4-polyisoprene. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric mixture exhibits mechanical properties of elongation at break between 1% and 15,000% (preferably between 10% and 5,000%) higher than its original length as determined by the ASTM D638 procedure, and a Young's modulus between 0.001 MPa and 15 GPa (preferably between 0.1 MPa and 15 GPa) as determined by the ASTM D638 procedure. These mixtures of elastomeric materials (elastomeric materials for short) according to the invention, exhibit improved elastomeric properties. In fact, the elastomeric materials resulting from the invention are characterized by high elongation at break and the ability to return to their original shape when the applied stress is released (less than the breaking stress). The elongation at break is determined by ASTM D638 and can be between 1% and 15,000%, preferably between 10% and 10,000%, more preferably between 50% and 5,000%, even more preferably between 100% and 2,000%, and even more preferably between 100% and 1,400%. The Young's modulus is also determined by ASTM D638 and can be between 0.001 MPa and 15 GPa, preferably between 0.1 MPa and 50 MPa, more preferably between 1 MPa and 30 MPa, and even more preferably between 20% and 30 MPa. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of the first component (polyisoprene polymer) in the mixture is between 0.001% and 90% by weight relative to the other polymers, preferably between 0.001% and 80% by weight, more preferably between 0.001% and 70% by weight, even more preferably between 0.001% and 68% by weight, and even more preferably from 60% to 68% by weight, most preferably 64% by weight. The same ranges are also contemplated with a lower limit of 30% or 40%. Polyisoprene contents below 80% (preferably below 70%, more preferably 64%) with the addition of a support polymer, result in a high integrity elastomeric material and, therefore, easier removal without breakage of the elastomeric material once it has been prepared according to the preparation procedure of the invention. Preferably, the polyisoprene polymer of the first component is of low molecular weight (Mw) between 35,000 Da and 1,000,000 Da, more preferably between 37,000 Da and 100,000 Da, and even more preferably of molecular weight 38,000 Da. These molecular weight ranges (especially 38,000 Da) result in the advantage that lower molecular weight polymers can be more easily dissolved in a solvent and, therefore, the preparation of the elastomeric material of the invention by dissolving the polyisoprene polymer in a solvent is more feasible. In another preferred embodiment of the elastomeric material of the invention, the content of the first component (polyisoprene polymer) in the mixture is between 0.001% and 10% by weight, preferably between 1% and 10% by weight, more preferably between 5% and 10%, 10% by weight being most preferable. This polyisoprene content range (0.001%-10%) achieves two advantages, one of which is the previously mentioned advantage that the addition of the support polymer results in a high-integrity elastomeric material.The other advantage is unique to this range (0.001%-10%), and relates to the fact that contents above 10% for the synthesis of the elastomeric material mixture using a solution-based procedure were found to be disadvantageous, because polyisoprene contents above 10% lead to solution instability (phase separation) which hinders the processing of the elastomeric mixture, thus avoiding phase separation and solution instability with polyisoprene contents between 0.001%-10%. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyisoprene polymer of the first component of the elastomeric material blend is the natural rubber component (cis-1,4-polyisoprene (poly(1-methyl-1-butene-1,4-diyl))), specifically cPI. This cPI has a purity of at least 80% by weight, preferably high purity above 98%. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the first component in the mixture is cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), preferably depolymerized cPI with a molecular weight of less than 1,000,000 Da, more preferably with a molecular weight between 20,000 Da and 100,000 Da, and even more preferably between 38,000 Da and 40,000 Da. The lower molecular weight allows for easier and faster dissolution and processing of the elastomeric material of the invention according to the process of the invention. Therefore, the composition comprises at least one polyisoprene polymer and at least one natural or synthetic polymer, which may be crystalline or amorphous, preferably amorphous. Non-limiting examples of polyisoprene (PI) polymers are cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), trans-1,4-polyisoprene (tPI), 1,2-polyisoprene, 3,4-polyisoprene, epoxy derivatives of the above-mentioned polyisoprenes and specifically trans-1,4-polyisoprene epoxy and cis-1,4-polyisoprene epoxy, natural rubber latex, dry latex, natural dry rubber and combinations thereof. Therefore, by "different polyisoprene" for the "natural or synthetic polymer" of component 2) of the elastomeric material mixture according to the invention, it is understood that if the polyisoprene 1) is selected from one of this list, and a "different polyisoprene" is contained in the elastomeric material mixture, said "different polyisoprene" of component 2) will be a different polyisoprene selected from this list than the polyisoprene of component 1). Regarding the natural or synthetic polymer portion of the elastomeric material mixture: Non-limiting examples of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are amorphous PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate), poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), poly(3-hydroxypentadecanoate) of long-chain PHA, poly(3-hydroxyhexadecanoate) and their combinations. Non-limiting examples of poly-caprolactone (PCL) copolymers are polyethylene glycol poly-caprolactone (PEG-PCL), poly-caprolactone-lactide (PCLA), poly-caprolactone-co-L-lactide (PCLLA), poly (L-lactide co-caprolactone), poly (Caprolactone-co-glycolide) (PCLGA), poly (glycolide-co-caprolactone) (PGCL), poly (trimethylene carbonate-cocaprolactone) (PTMC-co-PCL) and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyesters are polyesters obtained from natural precursors such as polymethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene succinate (PBS); and all their possible copolymers such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as a non-limiting example. Lignin also refers to lignin derivatives according to the invention, wherein such lignin derivatives may be, as non-limiting examples, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch and starch-derived mixtures such as thermoplastic starch (TPS), starch mixtures with PVOH, PLA, poly(butylenesuccinate-co-butylenedipate) (PBSA) and combinations thereof. Cellulose also refers to cellulose derivatives according to the invention, wherein such cellulose derivatives may be, as non-limiting examples, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, diaminocellulose, dialcoholcellulose, dicarboxycellulose, dialdehydocellulose, tricarboxycellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, bacterial cellulose (BC), TEMPO-oxidized BC, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of chitin derivatives are chitosan, which covers the entire range of molecular weights (low, medium and / or high molecular weight chitosan) and degrees of deacetylation. Non-limiting examples of natural proteins are silk fibroin, spider silk fibroin, wool keratin, keratin from other sources, or combinations thereof. Polyacrylonitriles (PANs) are preferentially soluble in water, where the solubility of each particular PAN depends on the temperature. Please note that these options mentioned above for the additional natural or synthetic polymer all constitute biodegradable polymers. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric material blend is binary and comprises a polyisoprene (PI) polymer and a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer, preferably cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI) and amorphous PHA. In the particular case where the polyisoprene polymer is a low molecular weight polymer (less than 1,000,000 Da), the presence of the other polymer in the blend is particularly advantageous, since the low molecular weight PI is liquid and the presence of the other polymer in the binary blend during synthesis serves as a support polymer if the synthesis is carried out using a spinning technique. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of the first component (polyisoprene) in the binary blend (e.g., binary blend with PHA) is less than 15% by weight, preferably between 0.001% and 10% by weight, more preferably between 5% and 10% by weight, and even more preferably 10% by weight. If PHA is used, said PHA is preferably amorphous. This particular composition for the binary blend of elastomeric polymer according to the invention (first component less than 15%) offers the advantage of providing stable synthesis of the elastomeric material blend using a spinning technique, while the polymer blend solution remains stable, thus enabling continuous, uninterrupted production. In fact, it was observed that the solution became unstable for polyisoprene contents above 15%. In fact, in any binary mixture of the first component polyisoprene (PI) and the second component, the second component is a natural or synthetic polymer preferably above 85% by weight, being more preferably present at 90% by weight. When the PI content in the mixture is greater than 10% by weight, the elastomeric mixture further comprises 2 other "synthetic or natural polymers" (i.e., PI and 2 additional polymers) and preferably constitutes a ternary mixture. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture comprises polyisoprene, PHA, and another "synthetic or natural polymer," the PHA content being less than 50% by weight, more preferably less than 40%, and most preferably 31% PHA by weight. A non-limiting example of a particularly preferred elastomeric material mixture comprises 64% PI and PHA, more preferably 64% PI, PHA, and another natural or synthetic polymer (preferably PEO). In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric material mixture (preferably a ternary mixture) comprises: 1) the first component, which is the polyisoprene polymer; and 2) the second component, which is the natural or synthetic polymer (those mentioned for the second component in the first aspect of the invention); and 3) a third component that is a stabilizing polymer selected from silk fibroin, spider fibroin, collagen, keratin, polysaccharides, polysaccharide-based gums, cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose hemicellulose, lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, chitin, chitosan, poly(ethylene oxide), polyethylene-covinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, any of their copolymers and any of their mixtures. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first component of the ternary mixture (polyisoprene) is present in a content greater than 10% by weight of the total mixture. In a more preferred embodiment, the mixture (preferably ternary) has a content of the first component (polyisoprene) greater than 40% by weight of the total mixture, preferably greater than 50% by weight. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyisoprene content is between 40% and 90%, preferably between 50% and 90%. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture (preferably ternary) has a stabilizing polymer content (third component) of between 0.001% and 15% by weight of the elastomeric material mixture (total), preferably between 1% and 15%, more preferably between 2.5% and 7.5%, and even more preferably between 5% and 7.5% by weight. The presence of the stabilizing polymer at these preferred percentages prevents or delays possible phase separation of the mixture (preferably ternary), without affecting the final properties of the resulting elastomeric material. In fact, the use of a stabilizing polymer prevents or delays phase separation between polymers during the synthesis of the elastomeric material mixture (phase separation, for example, refers to their dissociation in a precursor solution where the components of the elastomeric material mixture are dissolved). The stabilizing polymer can be a polysaccharide, preferably pullulan, as a non-limiting example. The stabilizing polymer can also be the lignin derivatives, cellulose derivatives, or chitin derivatives mentioned above. Cellulose nanocrystals can be used as a stabilizing polymer, as a non-limiting example. The additional stabilizing polymer helps extend the stability of polyisoprene-based mixtures, for example, in solution, by delaying the onset of phase separation, which is detrimental to the synthesis of the polymer mixture from a solution. This problem begins to occur in solutions with polyisoprene contents exceeding 10% by weight and becomes more pronounced as the polyisoprene content in the solution increases. Furthermore, the presence of the stabilizing polymer in the solution also provides the ability to restore the stability of any polyisoprene-based solution that may have undergone phase separation (perhaps due to storage) simply by stirring the solution for 30–300 minutes. It should be noted that the third component (the stabilizing polymers) is preferably soluble in organic solvents, such as trichloromethane (chloroform), dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. The stabilizing polymer can be dissolved with polyisoprene simultaneously in the same container, or added later to the solution, for example, from another solution in which the stabilizing polymer has already been dissolved. In a more preferred embodiment, the stabilizing polymer (third component) is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). PEO as a stabilizing polymer offers the advantage of considerably extending the stability period of a polyisoprene solution with the other additional natural or synthetic polymers. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the stabilizing polymer is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with a molecular weight between 100,000 Da and 5,000,000 Da, preferably between 600,000 Da and 3,000,000 Da, more preferably between 1,000,000 Da and 5,000,000 Da, and even more preferably 1,000,000 Da. This particular PEO (when used as a stabilizing polymer) offers a high extension of the stability period of a polyisoprene solution, extending it at least 3 times with respect to the polyisoprene solution without any stabilizing polymer. Preferably, the stabilizing polymer is any of the above-mentioned PEOs present at 5% by weight of the total mixture (preferably ternary). A preferred ternary blend comprises PI (polyisoprene) as the first component and PHA as the second component, the third component being any of the listed "stabilizing polymers." Another preferred ternary blend comprises PI (polyisoprene) as the first component and PEO as the third component, the second component being any of the listed "natural or synthetic polymers." Even more preferably, the ternary blend comprises PI, PHA, and PEO (as the stabilizing polymer), most preferably a ternary blend of composition 60-70% PI, 28-34% PHA, and 1-10% PEO (provided the three components sum to 100% by weight), and even more preferably a ternary blend of composition 64% PI, 31% PHA, and 5% PEO. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the blend (preferably ternary) comprises 64 wt% cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI) and amorphous PHA and PEO (simultaneously) as natural or synthetic polymers. This more particular elastomeric blend provides the advantage of good mechanical and thermal stability without vulcanization or crosslinking. On the one hand, the elastomeric material mixture of the invention may comprise other additives to provide it with additional properties, without limitation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric material mixture further comprises additives selected from plasticizers, surfactants, reinforcements, processing additives, antioxidants, colorants, dyes and pigments, nano-reinforcements or combinations thereof. "Plasticizers" are defined as compounds that increase the "free volume" between polymer chains, thereby increasing the flexibility of the material. Non-limiting examples of plasticizers according to the invention are compounds such as acetylated monoglycerides, citrates such as triethyl citrate (TEC), trioctyl citrate (TOC), trihexyl citrate (THC), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and polyols such as glycerol, deep eutectic point solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic point solvents (NADES), or combinations thereof. "Surface-active agents" are defined as compounds used to modify surface tension. Non-limiting examples of surface-active agents according to the invention are sorbitan esters, polysorbates (Span, Tween, TEGO), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), polyglycerol, polyricinoleate, poly(vinyl alcohol), CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB), Triton (t-octylphenisopolyethoxyethanol), laurylbetaine, Pluronic (poloxamers), and block copolymers. Non-limiting examples of antioxidants according to the invention include p-phenylenediamines, quinolines, phenols, and henna, among others. Therefore, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant is selected from the list consisting of p-phenylenediamines, quinolines, phenols, and henna. Non-limiting examples of colorants according to the invention include oxides, sulfides, hydroxides, chromates, and other metal-based complexes, such as cadmium, zinc, titanium, lead, and molybdenum, phthalocyanine, quinacridones, dioxazines, isoindolines, perylenes, flavantrones, and anthraquinones, among others. Other classes of colorants include dyes and pigments of natural origin. Therefore, in another preferred embodiment, the colorant is selected from the list consisting of phthalocyanine, quinacridones, dioxazines, isoindolines, perylenes, flavantrones, and anthraquinones. Non-limiting examples of pigments according to the invention are selected from microbial resources such as canthaxanthin, picocyanin, violacein, prodigiosin, undecylprodigiosin, melanin, actinomycin, p-carotene and mixtures thereof. "Reinforcements" according to the invention are any compound, including solid, liquid, or gaseous compounds, that can improve the technical properties of materials. The action of the reinforcements is determined by a variety of factors, including the shape and size of the filler particles, the amount of filler, its type and structure, or the characteristics of the interaction of the reinforcement particles with the elastomeric material and other ingredients. Non-limiting examples of reinforcements according to the invention include biochar, carbon black, titanium dioxide, magnetite, calcium carbonate, silica, and carbon nanotubes, among others. Therefore, in another more preferred embodiment, the reinforcement is selected from the list consisting of: biochar, carbon black, titanium dioxide, magnetite, calcium carbonate, silica, and carbon nanotubes. A preferred, non-limiting example of a mixture according to the invention is a ternary mixture comprising 64 wt% cis-1,4-polyisoprene, 31 wt% PHA (preferably amorphous), and 5 wt% stabilizing polymer. The stabilizing polymer is preferably PEO, more preferably high molecular weight (Mw) PEO between 1,000,000 Da and 5,000,000 Da, and even more preferably Mw 1,000,000 Da. On the other hand, the elastomeric material mixtures according to the invention can have any size and any shape. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric material comprises fibers with an average diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) between 1.^m and 100^m, or nanometric dimensions between 1 nm and 999.9 nm. In addition, the materials can be in the form of fibers, films, or combinations thereof. In the case of fibers, the dimensions refer to the average fiber diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); while in the case of films, the dimensions refer to the average film thickness measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the thickness gauge. The morphological appearance of the polyisoprene-based elastomeric blends according to the invention can be analyzed using any visualization technique, preferably, but not limited to, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed morphologies may contain fiber-like entities that are micro, submicro, or nano in diameter. The observed morphology of the polyisoprene-based elastomeric blends may also exhibit a heterogeneous appearance, comprising a combination of planar / fibrous morphology, whereby certain portions of the observable field of the microscope show planar polymer films with interwoven fibers on their surface. The elastomeric material mixture of the invention can be opaque, translucent, or transparent, and can be used as a film, band, or tape. As mentioned above, the elastomeric materials according to the invention are prepared using electrohydrodynamic and / or aerohydrodynamic procedures. A second aspect of the invention relates to a process for producing the elastomeric material mixture of the present invention, comprising the following 2 steps: Step 1): preparing a solution comprising a first component being a polyisoprene (PI) polymer and a second component being an additional natural or synthetic polymer, in an organic solvent; or preparing a first solution comprising the first component in an organic solvent and a second solution comprising the second component in an organic solvent, and mixing the first and second solutions into a single solution; and Step 2): subjecting the solution prepared in Step 1 to an electrohydrodynamic and / or aerohydrodynamic process, or a combination of both. Therefore, the production process for the elastomeric materials of the invention is a two-stage process. The total polymer concentration (i.e., all the polymers that make up the polymer mixture) in the solution (in the organic solvent) is between 0.001% and 99% by weight of the total solution weight, preferably between 0.001% and 50% by weight, more preferably between 0.001% and 10% by weight, even more preferably between 3% and 7% by weight, and still more preferably between 3% and 5% by weight. This preferred polymer concentration allows for good solution stability (preventing phase separation) and sufficient concentration for subsequent processing and fiber formation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyisoprene in the solution (the first component) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), preferably depolymerized cPI with a molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da, and even more preferably with a molecular weight between 38,000 Da and 40,000 Da. The polyisoprene-based solution in step 1) can be prepared by dissolving viscous liquid masses of the first component (polyisoprene) and the second component (additional polymer) in the organic solvent. The polyisoprene polymer added to the solution can be one or more polyisoprene polymers. The additional natural or synthetic polymer added to the solution may be one or more additional polymers selected from a different polyisoprene polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and its copolymers, polylactic acid (PLA), polyphosphazenes, polyorthoesters, polyesters, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), copolymers of PVOH with polyvinyl ethylene (EVOH), polyacrylates (PAC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), water-soluble polyacrylates (PAN), lignin or its derivatives, cellulose or its derivatives, chitin or its chitin derivatives, natural proteins, or combinations thereof. The organic solvent in the solution can be an organic solvent or solvents that are capable of dissolving the viscous mass of polyisoprene or making a stable polyisoprene dispersion. Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from trichloromethane (chloroform), dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. These solvents can dissolve polyisoprene. When there are two organic solvents in the solution, the ratio of the two solvents in the mixture is between 50:50 and 99:1. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the two solvents in the mixture is 70:30, and more preferably 90:10. The polyisoprene solution herein refers to a homogeneous mixture of polyisoprene in a solid or liquid phase with a liquid phase of a solvent. In this invention, the homogeneous mixture of the solution can be obtained by common techniques including, but not limited to, mechanical stirring, homogenizers, ultrasound, manual stirring, magnetic stirring, and any combination thereof, for a certain period of time. In another embodiment, the solution of step 1) also comprises an additional stabilizing polymer selected from silk fibroin, spider fibroin, collagen, keratin, polysaccharides, polysaccharide-based gums, cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, chitin, chitosan, poly(ethylene oxide), polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, any of their copolymers or any mixtures thereof. This third component (stabilizing polymer) can be dissolved together with the first and / or second component in the same solution, or it can be dissolved as a separate solution and then mixed together with the solution of the first and / or second component, eventually mixing all the solutions until a single solution comprising the first, second and third component is obtained, before carrying out step 2) to the single solution. The solution or solutions are preferably homogenized by subjecting them to continuous stirring, preferably, but not limited to, mechanical, magnetic or manual stirring, or by using homogenizers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solution obtained in step 1) is homogenized by magnetic stirring for at least 3 hours. All solvents are preferably compatible with each other. The term "solution" mentioned above, such as the solution in step 1), not only refers to a solution per se, but can also mean an emulsion or a suspension, according to the invention. A "solution" can be defined as a homogeneous mixture where one or more solutes are dissolved in a solvent. The term "emulsion," as used in this invention, refers to a dispersion of a liquid (dispersed phase) in the form of small particles within another liquid (continuous phase) with which it is generally immiscible. Emulsions can be direct, inverse, or multiple. Direct emulsions are those where the dispersed phase is a lipophilic substance and the continuous phase is hydrophilic. These emulsions are generally referred to as L / H or O / W. Inverse emulsions, on the other hand, are those where the dispersed phase is a hydrophilic substance and the continuous phase is lipophilic. These emulsions are generally referred to by the abbreviations H / L or W / O. Multiple emulsions are those that contain an inverse emulsion as the dispersed phase and an aqueous liquid as the continuous phase. These emulsions are known as H / L / H or W / O / W.In addition, the emulsion can be the so-called Pickering-type emulsions that use particles to separate the phases and through any other type of technological emulsion. The term "suspension", as used in this invention, refers to a heterogeneous mixture formed by small particles of an insoluble solid dispersed in a liquid medium. In the present invention, the stability of a mixture of another polymer with polyisoprenes in a solution, comprising some organic solvent that is capable of solubilizing polyisoprenes, depends on the concentration of polyisoprenes and the concentration of total solids in a solution. In the process according to the invention, the solution prepared after step 1 (polymer mixtures in organic solvent) is processed in the next step 2 using a device for aerohydrodynamic processing or electrohydrodynamic processing, or a combination thereof, in order to obtain the polyisoprene-based elastomeric material of the invention. "Aerohydrodynamic processes" are based on the use of aerohydrodynamic techniques, which rely on the formation of microfibers, submicrofibers, nanofibers, microparticles, nanoparticles, continuous films, and combinations thereof, from a polymer solution through which pressurized air flows via a concentric nozzle that elongates the polymer solution. Non-limiting examples of aerohydrodynamic techniques used in the process of the invention include centrifugal jet spinning, pull spinning, solution blowing spinning, centrifugal blowing spinning, solution blowing spraying, etc. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aerohydrodynamic technique used in step 2) of the process is solution blow spinning. Solution blow spinning allows for high processing speeds and the use of a wide range of solvents. Electrohydrodynamic processes are based on the use of electrohydrodynamic techniques, which are aimed at forming microfibers, submicrofibers, nanofibers, microparticles, nanoparticles, and combinations thereof, from a polymer solution subjected to an electric field. Non-limiting examples of electrohydrodynamic techniques used in the process of the invention include electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, electrohydrodynamic jet printing (E-jet), electrohydrodynamic direct writing, electromelting, electrostatic solution blowing, electrospraying, coaxial electrospraying, pressurized gas-assisted electrospraying, etc. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrohydrodynamic technique used in step 2) of the process is electrospinning. Electrospinning allows for the stable production of uniformly sized fibers that constitute homogeneous materials. In other words, the polyisoprene-based mixture of the solution obtained after step 1) is preferably subjected to an electrospinning procedure in step 2). In this process of the invention, electrospinning can be performed with single or multiple emitters, on a flat, rotating, roll-to-roll or yarn collector; using a voltage between 0.01-500 kV, preferably from 2 to 30 kV, and more preferably from 5-25 kV. In this method of the invention, the needle or other type of capillary tube in the nozzle can be connected to a high positive voltage source, and the collector can be connected to ground or a negative voltage source. The negative voltage can range from -0.01 to -500 kV. The negative voltage of the collector aids fiber stretching, improves fiber stretching from the solution in the nozzle, and enhances fiber deposition on the collector. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, electrospinning is performed with a single injector connected to a high positive voltage source ranging from 0.01 kV to 500 kV (preferably from 2 to 30 kV, even more preferably from 5 kV to 15 kV), and a collector connected to a negative voltage source ranging from -0.01 kV to -500 kV (preferably from -2 kV to -30 kV, even more preferably from -5 kV to -15 kV). These preferred electrospinning conditions allow for uniform and stable deposition of the material on the collector. The rotating round cylindrical collector can rotate at speeds ranging from 1 rpm to 20000 rpm, more preferably from 1 rpm to 5000 rpm. The electrospinning process is carried out using a rotating collector for fiber collection where the revolution speed is between 1 and 20000 rpm, and more preferably between 1 and 5000 rpm. The needle or similar capillary tube through which the polymer solution exits the nozzle in a single injector connected to a high positive voltage (between 2 kV and 30 kV), and may be a needle with a diameter or similar capillary tube of gauge 14-34 (1.81-0.25 mm outer diameter and 1.65-0.06 mm inner diameter). In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the diameter of the needle or similar capillary tube is gauge 22-23 (i.e., 0.71-0.63 mm outer diameter and 0.41-0.33 mm inner diameter). In the process of the invention, the temperature during electrospinning can be within a temperature range of 1 °C to 100 °C, preferably within a range of 20 °C to 40 °C. A non-limiting example of an electrospinning configuration comprises an injector connected to a positive voltage between 0.01-500 kV, a flat (or rounded) collector connected to ground (or connected) to a negative voltage source, so the negative voltage can be from -0.01 kV to -500 kV. In the procedure of the invention, the relative humidity under which the procedure is carried out can be between 1% and 99% humidity, preferably between 30% and 40% humidity. In a preferred embodiment of the procedure, the polymer solution is subjected to a flow rate of between 0.01 ml / h and 1000 ml / h, preferably between 1 ml / h and 2 ml / h. In another preferred embodiment of the electrospinning process, the injector is used in scanning mode, and the electrospinning process is carried out with an injector speed between 1 mm / s and 1000 mm / s. Scanning mode refers to the horizontal movement of the nozzle along the length covering the width of the collector. These conditions allow for the uniform and homogeneous deposition of the fibers onto the collector. In another preferred embodiment of the electrospinning process, the emitter-collector distance is between 0.1 cm and 5000 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 60 cm. These conditions allow for solvent evaporation and the deposition of fibers uniformly distributed on the collector. In this process of the invention, polyisoprene-based blending materials, after production using electrohydrodynamic or aerohydrodynamic processes, or a combination thereof, can be removed from a collector and stored under ambient conditions until further use. They can be stored at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 45°C, preferably from 15°C to 40°C, and at relative humidity between 0.01% and 99%, preferably between 20% and 80%. In this process of the invention, the elastomeric materials obtained by electrospinning can be subjected to post-treatment and subsequently removed from the collector, either immediately or after storage. A non-limiting example of such post-treatment is subjecting the electrospun material to high temperature (equal to or greater than 40 °C) and pressure (greater than 1 MPa). In the process according to the invention, the elastomeric material produced by electrospinning (containing polyisoprene and other polymeric components) is subjected to a post-processing step comprising subjecting the electrospun material to a temperature between 40 °C and 300 °C and a pressure between 0 MPa and 100 MPa, applied between two surfaces or plates. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrospinning elastomeric material comprises between 10% and 80% polyisoprene by weight relative to the weight of the material (the remainder being polymers and / or additives), and more preferably between 10% and 50% polyisoprene. In the most preferred embodiment, the material contains 10% polyisoprene and is subjected to a post-processing step comprising subjecting the electrospun material to a temperature between 40°C and 300°C and a pressure between 0 MPa and 100 MPa, applied between two surfaces or plates. Preferably, the electrospun material is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature between 40 °C and 200 °C, more preferably between 40 °C and 150 °C, even more preferably between 40 °C and 100 °C, and most preferably between 60 °C and 80 °C, for a period between 0.1 s and 600 s, preferably between 2 s and 15 s. Preferably, the applied pressure is between 1 MPa and 50 MPa. The plates are preferably metal plates coated with Teflon. This heating process is called "annealing." Annealing can be performed with or without the simultaneous application of pressure. Note that if annealing is carried out under vacuum conditions, this would be at a pressure of 0 MPa, while if annealing is performed without the application of additional pressure, the pressure at which the annealing is carried out would be atmospheric pressure (0.101 MPa). These plates are preferably metal plates covered with Teflon or another non-sticky material. The post-heat treatment time can be from 0 to 1000 s, preferably between 0 s and 60 s, and even more preferably between 1 s and 10 s, without the use of simultaneous pressure. In another preferred method according to the invention, the method comprises carrying out an additional post-processing step after step 2), wherein the post-processing step is selected from: ring spinning, rotor spinning, untwisted spinning, wrap spinning, core spinning, dry jet spinning, wet electrospinning coupled with a winding roll, centrifugal electrospinning, a yarn production method using a funnel-shaped collector, and any combination thereof. The result of using this additional post-processing stage after stage 2) is obtaining the elastomeric material in the form of thread or strands. The term "yarn" refers to a continuous, linear collection of filaments or fibers twisted or otherwise bound, possessing good tensile strength and elastic properties. A wide variety of manufacturing processes exist to produce yarns with diverse physical properties. In the process according to the invention, the fiber cuts (or fiber mat obtained in a flat collector in small sections) can be used as a means of spinning yarn according to one or more of the aforementioned spinning techniques. The fiber cuts can be used to prepare staple fibers (fibers of discrete length, between 1 mm and 100 mm) that are used for forming staple yarn using conventional spinning techniques, including, but not limited to, ring spinning, rotor spinning, roller jet spinning, dry jet spinning, wrap spinning, core spinning, and any combination thereof. Any of the spinning techniques mentioned above according to the invention can be carried out "in situ" during the formation of the elastomeric material in step 2), or "offline" as a separate step in production, preferably "in situ". The further processing stage of the invention may comprise subjecting the elastomeric material obtained by electrospinning to additional "in situ" spinning, in order to form a continuous yarn or thread. In a preferred embodiment of the invention with respect to the post-processing stage, during electrospinning the elastomeric material undergoes an additional in-situ spinning stage carried out by a spinning system consisting of two or more injectors and a rotating collection system. This allows the elastomeric material to be produced in yarn form in a single-stage process from the solution. In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the rotation of the plate causes the fibers to intermingle and be conveyed in yarn form onto a bobbin, which then begins winding them. When the post-processing stage comprises subjecting the elastomeric material obtained after stage 2 by electrospinning to at least one additional spinning technique, said stage may also comprise covering the produced elastomeric yarn (yarn) with fibers of another material and / or yarns. Therefore, in another more preferred embodiment, the additional "in situ" spinning technique comprises coating the yarn with fibers or yarns of another material selected from among the components listed in the first aspect of the invention. However, the yarns or fibers may be composed of any of the components or polymers mentioned above in this document, and combinations thereof. Therefore, such components are used as a coating to cover the yarns of the elastomeric material blend of the invention. In another more preferred embodiment, the yarn obtained in the post-processing stage can be woven to create an elastomeric material with a different shape, said shape being selected from among ribbons, cords, and ropes. In another preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the post-processing step includes subjecting the elastomeric material obtained in the electrospinning step to heat treatment and cutting, preferably where the heat treatment includes an annealing treatment. The spinning technique is selected from the following list: ring spinning, rotor spinning, air-jet spinning, untwisted spinning, wrap spinning, core spinning, wet electrospinning coupled to a winding roll, centrifugal electrospinning, yarn production using a funnel-shaped collector, and any combination thereof, followed by twisting and heat treatment. Twisting refers to the joining of three or more yarn strands to form a complex structure. Heat treatment involves treating the yarn or multiple strands joined together by heated plates, with or without applying pressure. The heat treatment can be carried out using temperatures in the range of 40°C to 200°C, more preferably between 40°C and 150°C, even more preferably between 40°C and 100°C, and most preferably between 60°C and 80°C, for a period of between 0.1 s and 600 s. Preferably, the polyisoprene-based elastomeric material obtained by an electrohydrodynamic process is subjected to an annealing treatment and subsequent cutting, obtaining rubber bands or elastic tapes, or precursors thereof. Therefore, another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a final weaving stage of the elastomeric material mixture produced into tapes, cords and / or ropes. These elastomeric materials have potential for a wide range of applications, including both known and new ones. A third aspect of the invention relates to the use of the elastomeric material mixture according to the invention in applications such as agriculture, textiles, packaging, food packaging, construction, automotive, soft robotics, aeronautics, astronautics, biomedicine and medical materials. Some products include elastic bands, hoses, seals, adhesive tapes, adhesive sheets, adhesive cords, gloves, baby pacifiers, wetsuits, swimsuits, trash absorbers, tire parts, shoe parts, belt parts, soft tissues such as blood vessels, cartilage, heart valves, tendons, bladders, synthetic nerve conduits, tissue patches, amniotic membranes, pressure sensors, and skin grafts. Throughout the description and claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical features, additives, components, or steps. Those skilled in the art can partially deduce other objectives, advantages, and features of the invention from both the description and implementation of the invention. The following examples, drawings, and sequence listings are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) taken using field emission scanning mode, at 500x magnification, of an elastomeric material mixture according to the invention (i.e., Example A), composed of 64% cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), 31% polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and 5% PEO, by weight. Micrograph (a) shows the microstructure of a previously stretched and subsequently recovered sample. This sample, as well as its stretching and subsequent recovery, are shown schematically in image (b). Figure 2.- Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) taken using field emission scanning mode, with a magnification of 500x, for an elastomeric material mixture according to the invention (i.e., Example B), composed of 10% cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI) and 90% amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), by weight. The micrograph shows the microstructure of a previously stretched and subsequently recovered sample. EXAMPLES The inventors present examples of elastomeric material mixtures successfully prepared according to the invention, using a production process according to the invention (example A, example B). Example A The preparation of elastomeric material A consists of the following steps: First, a polymer solution was prepared by dissolving cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI) with an Mw of 38,000 Da in dichloromethane in a container, at a cPI concentration of 4% w / w in the solution. In the same container, PEO with an Mw of 1,000,000 Da was added to obtain a PEO concentration in the solution of 0.3% w / w. In a separate container, amorphous PHA was dissolved in dichloromethane at a concentration of 2% w / w (weight) in solution. Both containers were subjected to magnetic stirring for 6 hours. After complete dissolution in both containers, the two solutions were blended, and the blended solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 2 hours. After blending, the solution was transferred to a syringe and subjected to electrospinning in a Fluidnatek LE-500 device, using a multi-needle injector containing 15 needles, with an injection rate of 3 ml / h per needle and a voltage of 14 kV. A rotating collector was connected to a negative voltage of -14 kV, rotating at a speed of 200 rpm (revolutions per minute). The distance between the needles and the collector was 280 mm, and the ambient conditions during spinning were kept constant at 25 °C and 25% relative humidity (RH). Therefore, the elastomeric material in Example A (Material A) is based on polyisoprenes, where polyisoprene constitutes a major part of the mixture (64% by weight). Material A exhibits a specific morphology observable by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1a) after being stretched and allowed to recover its original shape (Fig. 1b). When tension is applied, the material stretches in the direction of the applied tension, and after the tension is released, it returns to its original shape. The mechanical properties of material A were measured using ASTM D638 on samples cut after synthesis, in the collector rotation direction (MD) and in the transverse direction (TD). These mechanical properties are provided in Table 1. Table 1. Tensile strength at break, stress at break and elastic modulus, measured according to ASTM D638, for the elastomeric material A developed using the procedure described in the present invention (MD: direction of rotation of the rotating collector, TD: transverse direction). Example B The preparation of elastomeric material B consists of the following steps: Amorphous PHA and polyisoprene (Mw 38,000 Da) were placed in the same container and weighed to constitute a total of 5% w / w in a solution consisting of these polymers and dichloromethane. The PHA to polyisoprene ratio was 90:10. The solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours, after which it was electrospun. After homogenization, the solution is transferred to a syringe and subjected to electrospinning in a Fluidnatek LE-500 device, using a multi-needle injector containing 30 needles with a flow rate of 1 ml / h per needle, connected to a voltage of 15 kV and a rotating collector connected to a negative voltage of -25 kV, while its rotation speed was 200 rpm. The distance between the needles and the collector was 200 mm, and the ambient conditions during spinning were kept constant at 25 °C and 25% RH. Therefore, the elastomeric material of Example B (material B) is based on 10% w / w polyisoprenes and 90% w / w PHA, and exhibits a specific morphology as observed in the scanning electron microscope (Fig. 2) after stretching and shape recovery. Analogous to what was done for Example A, elastomeric material B was also stretched under tension in the direction of the applied tension, and after the tension was released, material B returned to its original shape. The mechanical properties of material B were measured using ASTM D638 on samples cut after synthesis, in the collector rotation direction (MD) and in the transverse direction (TD). These mechanical properties are given in Table 2. Table 2. Tensile strength at break, stress at break and elastic modulus, measured according to ASTM D638, for the elastomeric material B developed using the procedure described in the present invention (MD: direction of rotation of the rotating collector, TD: transverse direction).

Claims

1. Elastomeric material mixture comprising: 1) a first component being a polyisoprene (PI) polymer, and 2) a second component being an additional natural or synthetic polymer selected from a polyisoprene polymer other than that used as the first component, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly-S-caprolactone (PCL) and their copolymers, polylactic acid (PLA), polyphosphazenes, polyorthoesters, polyesters, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), copolymers of PVOH with polyvinyl ethylene (EVOH), polyacrylates (PAC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylonitriles (PAN), lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, cellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, diacetate of cellulose, cellulose triacetate, diaminocellulose, cellulose dialcohol, cellulose dicarboxylate, cellulose dialdehyde, cellulose tricarboxylate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose,Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, aminocellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, bacterial cellulose (BC), TEMPO-oxidized BC, chitin, chitosan, natural proteins, or combinations thereof.

2. Elastomeric material mixture according to claim 1, having mechanical properties of elongation at break between 10% and 5000% higher than its original length as determined by ASTM D638, and a Young's modulus between 0.1 MPa and 15 GPa as determined by ASTM D638.

3. Elastomeric material mixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the first component in the mixture is between 0.001% and 80% by weight, preferably between 0.001% and 70% by weight, more preferably between 0.001% and 68%, and even more preferably 64% by weight.

4. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the first component in the mixture is between 0.001% and 10% by weight,and even more preferably is 10% by weight.

5. The elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 4, wherein the polyisoprene polymer of the first component is cis-1,4-polyisoprene.

6. An elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the mixture is binary and comprises a polyisoprene (PI) polymer and a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer, preferably cis-1,4-polyisoprene and amorphous PHA.

7. An elastomeric material mixture according to claim 6, wherein the content of the first component in the binary mixture with PHA is less than 15% by weight, preferably between 5% and 10% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight.

8. An elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 7,where the elastomeric mixture comprises: 1) the first component being the polyisoprene polymer; and 2) the second component being the natural or synthetic polymer; and 3) a third component that is a stabilizing polymer selected from silk fibroin, spider fibroin, collagen, keratin, polysaccharides, polysaccharide-based gums, cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose hemicellulose, lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, chitin, chitosan, poly(ethylene oxide), polyethylene-covinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, any of their copolymers and any of their mixtures.

9. Elastomeric mixture according to claim 8,wherein the first component is present in a content greater than 10% by weight of the total mixture.

10. Elastomeric material mixture according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the stabilizing polymer comprises between 0.001% and 15% by weight of the elastomeric material mixture, preferably between 1% and 15%, more preferably between 2.5% and 7.5% by weight, and even more preferably between 5% and 7.5%.

11. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 8 to 10, wherein the stabilizing polymer is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).

12. Elastomeric material mixture according to claim 11, wherein the PEO has a molecular weight between 100,000 Da and 5,000,000 Da, preferably between 1,000,000 Da and 5,000,000 Da, more preferably 1,000,000 Da.

13. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 8 to 12, wherein the mixture has a content of the first component greater than 40% by weight of the total mixture.preferably greater than 50% by weight.

14. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 8 to 13, wherein the mixture is ternary and comprises 64% by weight of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), and amorphous PHA and PEO as natural or synthetic polymers.

15. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the elastomeric mixture further comprises additives selected from plasticizers, surfactants, reinforcements, processing additives, antioxidants, colorants, dyes and pigments, nano-reinforcements, or combinations thereof.

16. Elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 15, wherein the elastomeric material comprises fibers with an average diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) between 1 |j, m and 100 |j, m, or nanometric dimensions between 1 nm and 999.9 nm.

17. Process for producing the elastomeric material mixture according to claims 1 to 16.comprising the following two steps: step 1): preparing a solution comprising the first component and the second component in an organic solvent; or preparing a first solution comprising the first component in an organic solvent and a second solution comprising the second component in an organic solvent, and mixing the first and second solutions into a single solution; and step 2): subjecting the solution prepared in step 1 to an electrohydrodynamic and / or aerohydrodynamic process, or a combination of both.

18. Process according to claim 17, wherein the organic solvent is selected from trichloromethane (chloroform), dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof.

19. Process according to claims 17 and 18, wherein the total polymer concentration in the solution is between 0.001% and 50% by weight of the total weight of the solution, preferably between 0.001% and 10%.

20. The process according to claims 17 to 19, wherein the first component is cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cPI), preferably depolymerized cPI with a molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da, and even more preferably with a molecular weight between 38,000 Da and 40,000 Da.

21. The process according to claims 17 to 20, wherein the solution of step 1) further comprises an additional stabilizing polymer selected from silk fibroin, spider fibroin, collagen, keratin, polysaccharides, polysaccharide-based gums, cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, ethylcellulose, cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, aminocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sulfonated lignin (LS), acrylic / methacrylic ester polymers, pullulan, zein, glycogen, starch, chitin,chitosan, poly(ethylene oxide), polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, any of their copolymers or any mixtures thereof.

22. A process according to claims 17 to 21, wherein the solution of step 1) is homogenized by magnetic stirring for at least 3 hours.

23. A process according to claims 17 to 22, wherein the aerohydrodynamic technique used in step 2) of the process is solution blow spinning.

24. A process according to claims 17 to 23, wherein the electrohydrodynamic technique used in step 2) of the process is electrospinning.

25. A process according to claim 24, wherein the electrospinning is performed with a single injector connected to a positive voltage source ranging from 2 kV to 30 kV, and a collector connected to a negative voltage source ranging from -2 kV to -30 kV.

26. The process according to claims 24 or 25,wherein the polymer solution is subjected to a flow rate between 0.01 mL / h and 1000 mL / h, preferably between 1 mL / h and 2 mL / h.

27. The process according to claims 24 to 26, wherein the injector is used in scanning mode, and the electrospinning process is carried out with an injector speed between 1 mm / s and 1000 mm / s.

28. A process according to claims 24 to 27, wherein the emitter-collector distance is between 0.1 cm and 5000 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 60 cm.

29. The process according to claims 24 to 28, wherein the elastomeric material produced by electrospinning is subjected to a post-processing step comprising subjecting the electrospun material to a temperature between 40 °C and 300 °C and a pressure between 0 MPa and 100 MPa, applied between two surfaces or plates.

30. Process according to claims 24 to 29, wherein during electrospinning,The elastomeric material undergoes an additional "in situ" spinning stage carried out by a spinning system consisting of two or more injectors and a rotary collection system.

31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the additional "in situ" spinning technique comprises coating the yarn with fibers or threads of another material selected from the polymeric materials of claim 1.

32. A method according to claims 24 to 31, wherein the method comprises a final weaving stage of the resulting elastomeric material blend into tapes, cords, and / or ropes.

33. Use of the elastomeric material blend according to claims 1 to 16 in applications such as agriculture, textiles, packaging, food packaging, construction, automotive, soft robotics, aerospace, aeronautics, biomedicine, and medical materials.

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