Method of producing a building material
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- ES · ES
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Filing Date
- 2021-11-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for producing concrete using municipal solid waste incineration ash are complex, require high-temperature treatments, and pose environmental risks due to the need for additional processing and adaptation of incineration plants.
Utilizing conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash with a particle size of < 200 µm as a water-hardening additive in concrete production, without further thermal treatment, to simplify the manufacturing process and ensure environmental safety.
This approach simplifies the production process, reduces environmental impact, and allows for the reuse of waste ash as a high-quality additive, enhancing concrete properties while minimizing harmful emissions and plant modifications.
Smart Images
Figure 00000010_0000
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing concrete as a building material and to the use of ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash.
[0002] Concrete production typically involves a mixture of mineral components, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and a hydraulic binder, which may contain cement clinker and other additives (cement admixtures). The hydraulic binder causes the mineral components to set and harden upon the addition of water. In addition to aggregates and the hydraulic binder, concrete admixtures (less than 5% by mass of the cement content) or larger quantities of other additives may be added to the concrete to influence specific properties.
[0003] Portland cement, for example, can be used as a hydraulic binder. It consists of cement clinker and, for example, gypsum as an additional component. The cement clinker contains lime and clay-bearing raw materials that are finely ground and heated until sintering occurs. This sintered cement clinker is then finely ground again and processed into Portland cement by adding, for example, gypsum as an additional component. Gypsum serves to modify the setting time of the hydraulic binder. Other additional components include...As cement additives, granulated blast furnace slag (latent hydraulically hardening) and / or fly ash (artificial pozzolan), especially coal fly ash from combustion residues of industrial combustion plants, can be added to the already sintered and subsequently finely ground cement clinker to reduce the production costs of the hydraulic binder or to influence its technical properties. In the cement industry, such an additional cement additive can also be used, for example, as a main or minor component for composite cements.
[0004] In DE 699 16 725 T2, municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is still used to produce cement clinker. This ash is added to the sintering process along with the lime and clay-containing raw materials to allow for the recycling of the incinerated municipal solid waste. The sintering process specifically modifies the material properties of the MSWI ash, particularly to neutralize harmful materials. A disadvantage of this method is that the overall production process for cement clinker and cement as a building material is very complex, as the MSWI ash, which contains harmful materials, requires additional treatment at high temperatures.
[0005] In DE 693 06 651 T2, it is further stipulated that sewage sludge or incineration residues from municipal waste, i.e., municipal solid waste incineration ash, are melted in a melting furnace to convert them into molten slag. This initially alters the material properties of the municipal solid waste incineration ash. The cooled molten slag is then processed into an aggregate / rock material as a component of the concrete mix, for which a grinding process is provided. Here, too, the manufacturing process for the building material concrete is very complex, as the melting requires high temperatures and subsequent cooling is necessary for further processing.
[0006] German patent application DE 196 41 308 A1 proposes immobilizing pollutants in filter dust from municipal solid waste incineration by mixing the filter dust with a hydraulic binder containing cement and blast furnace slag or fly ash as additional cement additives. This assumes that the filter dust from municipal solid waste incineration has a deliberately high heavy metal content and is classified as hazardous waste. The method of processing the filter dust is not described.
[0007] German patent application DE 10 2008 004 477 A1 proposes separating municipal solid waste incineration slag delivered from a municipal solid waste incineration plant into different grain sizes by separating metallic components and sieving in a dry processing process, and then further processing in a wet processing process. This yields products from different grain sizes. Only the fine-grained sands in grain sizes 0 / 1 and 0 / 2 are subsequently ground and mixed with quicklime to produce a hydraulic binder for use as a building material, exhibiting the properties of Portland cement. The ground sands serve as a substitute for cement clinker, so that the building material (hydraulic binder) itself does not contain cement clinker.
[0008] Another process is disclosed in DE 10 2004 043 614 A9, which also describes the use of municipal solid waste as a component of the hydraulic binder used as a building material. This municipal solid waste is shredded, homogenized, and mixed with calcium-containing additives and components containing aluminum oxide before being incinerated in a waste incineration plant. After mixing the resulting municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) with framework silicates, this mixture is ground to a particle size of 0.063 mm. Fine slag from waste incineration plants or blast furnace or steelworks slag is also used. This process serves to produce a hydraulic binder for concrete production, similar to cement but without cement clinker as its main component.
[0009] This described manufacturing process for hydraulic binder as a building material aims to ensure that pollutants contained in municipal waste are incorporated into the binder and are therefore difficult to leach from the hydraulic binder and the resulting concrete, thus posing no significant risk to the environment. However, a disadvantage is that the pretreatment of the municipal waste with additives before incineration, as well as the subsequent manufacturing steps, are very complex. Existing municipal waste incineration plants must therefore be adapted to provide an additive for concrete production from the resulting incineration ash.
[0010] US 2011 / 000400 A1 and JP 2004 292300 A further describe the use of municipal solid waste incineration ash in the production of cement.
[0011] Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing concrete as a building material that is environmentally friendly and easy to manufacture. A further object of the invention is to specify a use for this method.
[0012] These tasks are solved by a method and a use according to the independent claims. The dependent claims specify preferred further developments.
[0013] The plan stipulates that an unstressed building material, which depending on its precise composition may be in the form of a hydraulic binder, in particular cement, or in the form of concrete, including mortar / plaster, contains as an additive, which hardens upon the addition of water, conventionally processed and ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) with a particle size of < 200 µm and (preferably only) thermally incinerated municipal solid waste, and which, apart from the incineration of the municipal solid waste or after incineration and subsequent processing of the municipal solid waste or after the municipal solid waste incineration process and subsequent processing, is not subjected to any measures that alter its material properties. The municipal solid waste is therefore only incinerated during the incineration process itself and is only altered in its material properties as a result.
[0014] According to the invention, a method for producing the building material, i.e. the concrete, including plaster / mortar, is provided using the (concrete) additive which hardens upon addition of water, i.e. the conventionally processed and ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI).
[0015] It therefore uses conventionally processed household waste incineration ash, which comes from a conventional household waste incineration process. in ground form as a concrete additive that hardens upon the addition of water, in particular alongside the hydraulic binder, especially cement, for the production of concrete, which includes plaster and mortar, as a building material, or according to an unclaimed embodiment also directly in ground form as a cement additive that hardens upon the addition of water alongside the cement clinker for the production of cement as a building material.
[0016] The respective building material therefore always contains cement clinker as a component of the hydraulic binder or cement, as well as, additionally, municipal solid waste incineration ash as an additive that hardens upon the addition of water and is mixed with the cement clinker in the finished building material in some way. According to the invention, this is the case with concrete, in particular fresh concrete, as a building material, which in this case, in addition to the municipal solid waste incineration ash as a concrete additive that hardens upon the addition of water and the aggregate, also contains cement, so that the municipal solid waste incineration ash in the finished building material "concrete" or in "fresh concrete" is also mixed with the cement clinker contained therein (before or at least immediately after the addition of water). In the following, it is assumed that the building material "concrete" or "fresh concrete" also includes mortar and plaster applications.Even with cement as a building material (non-stressed version), for example composite cement, the household waste incineration ash can be mixed with the cement clinker as an additive that hardens upon the addition of water.
[0017] In this context, a concrete admixture is understood to be a substance that can be added to the aggregates (e.g., sand and gravel) and the hydraulic binder (e.g., cement), in addition to water, to influence certain properties of the concrete as a building material, such as the workability of the fresh concrete and the strength and density of the hardened concrete. In contrast to a concrete additive, the quantity added by a concrete admixture is so large that it must be taken into account when calculating the volume of the concrete, whereas concrete additives are added in such small quantities (< 5 wt.% of the cement content) that they are insignificant as a volume fraction of the concrete.
[0018] In contrast to an aggregate (rock material) of concrete, whose properties are regulated in DIN EN 12620 "Aggregates for concrete", concrete additives are subject to further requirements, which are listed elsewhere in the regulations.
[0019] A cement additive is a substance that can be added to the finished cement clinker—that is, the sintered and subsequently ground raw materials containing lime and clay—as an additional component to specifically influence the properties of the cement as a building material and hydraulic binder. The cement additive is therefore not subjected to the sintering process (rotary kiln) and thus is not thermally treated in such a way as to alter its material properties.
[0020] In principle, other raw materials can be added to the lime and clay-containing raw materials before sintering in order to influence the sintered cement clinker accordingly. However, these additional raw materials differ from the cement additives, which are intended exclusively for the finished cement clinker.
[0021] According to the invention, conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is understood to be the processed by-product from a conventional thermal municipal solid waste incineration process, wherein the municipal solid waste incineration process initially yields crude municipal solid waste incineration ash. The crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (before processing) preferably falls under waste code AVV 19 01 12, i.e., it does not contain significant environmental pollutants. The crude municipal solid waste incineration ash preferably has a pollutant load such that it is classified in the LAGA installation class Z2 or lower.
[0022] In the conventional processing of raw municipal solid waste incineration ash, it is typically freed from metallic components as well as unburned or insufficiently burned components, since conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is usually intended for environmentally sound use in earthworks and road construction or disposal in a landfill. As a result, the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash consists primarily of mineral components. The water-hardening additive (concrete or cement) is therefore composed in such a way that no harmful environmental effects result when it is present in the respective building material. Furthermore, the mineral components have a positive effect on the properties of the water-hardening additive.
[0023] The conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, which is subsequently ground, is advantageously used as a water-hardening additive for the production of the respective building material without any further thermal treatment that would alter the material properties of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash. Accordingly, no additional thermal treatment, such as melting or sintering of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, is planned. At most, the building material may be heated to, for example, 100°C as part of a drying process, but the water-hardening additive contained therein is not heated to such high temperatures (e.g., >500°C) that a material or structural change, such as demineralization, of the municipal solid waste incineration ash occurs.
[0024] This simplifies the manufacturing process of the building material and also eliminates any further environmentally harmful effects, such as the release of harmful fumes during production. Furthermore, existing conventional municipal waste incineration plants or processes preferably do not need to be adapted or expanded, as the conventionally produced processed municipal waste incineration ash can be used directly, requiring only subsequent grinding.
[0025] According to the invention, it was recognized that conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, given its current composition, often exhibits a mineralogy such that it is suitable, even without subsequent material or structural modification, as a hardening additive in building materials when infused with water, provided it is in milled form with a particle size of < 200 µm. This means that the conventionally processed and milled municipal solid waste incineration ash is active upon the addition of water and exhibits a certain degree of strength or strength development, i.e., an increase in compressive strength over time, as well as a certain degree of dimensional stability.exhibits a harmful volume expansion over time, which, when used as a hardening additive with the addition of water, can ensure the required quality of the respective building material.
[0026] The suitability as a concrete or cement additive can therefore preferably be determined by testing the hydraulic activity and / or the strength or strength development and / or the dimensional stability of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash. By appropriately selecting the municipal solid waste incineration ash for this high-value application, a high quality can thus be advantageously ensured.
[0027] A material suitable for incineration from municipal solid waste is generally considered to be dimensionally stable if no cracks or warping are visible on test specimens produced with the respective building material, either in the mixture with cement or binder and water, or as a fully hardened building material after a storage period of preferably 56 days. Sufficient strength development can be visually assessed if the test specimens produced with the respective building material do not fall apart after demolding and a strength test can be performed on them.
[0028] Using conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash in a building material also mitigates the problems associated with storing and disposing of the waste itself, as it can be reused in a bound, dense form (upcycling). Furthermore, ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash can completely replace at least some of the water-hardening additives otherwise used in hydraulic binders (cement) or concrete, reducing production and acquisition costs and potentially improving technical properties. For example, fly ash, particularly hard coal fly ash, can be replaced as a water-hardening additive in the respective building material by environmentally friendly and cost-effective ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash.
[0029] Furthermore, it was found that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is similar to trass (pozzolan), which may contain small amounts of gypsum. Therefore, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash can, for example, be used as a hardening additive in the respective building material, instead of trass, when mixed with water.
[0030] Furthermore, it is intended that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is hydraulically and / or latently hydraulically and / or carbonately (e.g., forming calcium carbonate upon the addition of water, which supports the hardening reaction) and / or pozzolanically. This allows the properties of the respective building material to be technically influenced after mixing with the cement clinker without significant effort. Accordingly, it can be provided, for example, that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash hardens hydraulically even without stimulation by other substances, such as trass or fly ash from hard coal, and can therefore replace such pozzolans as water-hardening additives.
[0031] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash has a particle size of < 150 µm, in particular < 125 µm. This ensures mixing with the cement clinker and optimal setting of the resulting building material, i.e., concrete or cement.
[0032] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash should have quartz and calcite, and optionally also the corresponding high-temperature modifications, as the dominant strength-forming components, with the proportion of these two main components in the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash being greater than 50%. This also allows for the environmental compatibility and the classification of the municipal solid waste incineration ash used in the LAGA installation class Z2 or less for use in the concrete industry. This composition is common for municipal solid waste incineration ash according to AVV 19 01 12 nowadays, so that no further separation or screening processes, etc., are necessary. Instead, the process can be based on the normally provided municipal solid waste incineration ash, which has already been conventionally processed in the municipal solid waste incineration plant, after checking the hydraulic activity.after testing its suitability as a concrete or cement additive that hardens upon the addition of water.
[0033] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash should contain no additives, such as calcium-containing or aluminum oxide-containing additives. This means that no additional substances are included as components of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash that are introduced during the incineration process and that could influence the material properties of the ash, for example, during the combustion process. This simplifies the adjustment and modification of the material properties of the water-hardening additive. However, the material properties of the water-hardening additive may be altered by other additives or components present in the building material in addition to the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash.However, these are not part of the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash, but are subsequently mixed with it and, if applicable, the cement clinker in the respective building material.
[0034] In a method according to the invention for producing a building material, at least the following steps are provided: Providing at least cement clinker as a component of the finished cement, and independently providing conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from a municipal solid waste incineration process, wherein the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash comprises thermally incinerated municipal solid waste; grinding the provided conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, preferably without adding further substances, to produce a hydraulically hardening additive, wherein the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is ground to a particle size of < 200 µm; optionally drying the provided conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash before grinding and / or optionally removing metal after grinding;Optionally, check whether the ground and / or conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is suitable as a water-hardening additive for the respective building material, for example by testing the hydraulic activity and / or strength and / or strength behavior and / or dimensional stability of the ground and / or conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash; and subsequently mix at least the cement clinker as a component of the finished cement with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash to produce the building material from a mixture of at least cement clinker (as a component of the finished cement) and at least one water-hardening additive. wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal waste incineration ash is not subjected to any material change except during incineration and subsequent processing of the municipal waste, or is not subjected to any additional thermal treatment after the conventional municipal waste incineration process.
[0035] If, according to an unclaimed embodiment, cement, for example composite cement, is produced as a building material, in addition to the cement clinker and the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, further cement additives that harden upon addition of water, e.g. granulated blast furnace slag and / or fly ash, as well as gypsum, can be added as an additional material component.
[0036] If, according to the invention, concrete, including plaster or mortar, is produced as a building material, the cement clinker is provided as a component of the finished cement, and the mixture of at least cement clinker (as a component of the finished cement) and ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (a concrete additive that hardens upon the addition of water) is obtained by mixing the cement with the municipal solid waste incineration ash. With the addition of water, the concrete can then be finished together with further aggregates (rock aggregate) and, if necessary, further concrete additives and / or admixtures, whereby initially fresh concrete, which still contains the cement clinker (as a component of the finished cement), and after complete hardening, hardened concrete are formed.
[0037] Preferably, the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash supplied has a particle size or particle mixture of up to 0 / 56 mm, e.g., 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, or 4 / 32 mm. Therefore, no further complex screening processes are advantageously required, since the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from a conventional municipal solid waste incineration process can normally be supplied in these particle sizes.
[0038] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is subjected to a further separation process, in which ground metallic components are removed. This advantageously allows for the extraction of further metallic components after grinding, which, for example, were present in the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash in varying particle sizes prior to grinding. This can potentially further increase the proportion of mineral components and thus the environmental compatibility of the water-hardening additive or the building material produced from it.
[0039] Preferably, it is also provided that the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash does not contain any additives that are added to the municipal solid waste before and / or after the municipal solid waste incineration process or that are added to the municipal solid waste incineration ash before and / or after grinding.
[0040] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the building material does not involve any wet processing; that is, after the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from the municipal solid waste incineration process is provided, no wet processing stages are included to ensure the use of the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash for the respective building material. Instead, only dry processing takes place after the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is provided to obtain the respective building material.
[0041] The invention is described below with reference to the only Fig. 1explained in more detail.
[0042] The initial plan is to provide municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI), which is produced in a processed form during a conventional municipal solid waste incineration process in a subsequent municipal solid waste incineration plant. In the municipal solid waste incineration process, the municipal solid waste (H) is incinerated at temperatures of, for example, 800-1200°C, so that the combustion chamber of the municipal solid waste incineration plant initially yields crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI), which is subsequently cooled, for example, in a water bath (wet slag remover). The crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) consists largely (> 80%) of mineral components, a small proportion (< 10%) of metallic components, and a small proportion (< 5%) of unburned or insufficiently burned components.
[0043] In a subsequent processing step, the resulting crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is first separated as much as possible from metallic components as well as unburned or insufficiently burned components. This is achieved, for example, through manual separation and metal separation using magnetic devices, such as magnetic and eddy current separators. The residue, thus processed into MSWI incineration ash (MSWI), is then fractionated in a subsequent screening process into particle size mixtures ranging from, for example, 0 / 32 mm to 0 / 56 mm, or into more closely graded particle sizes / mixtures, such as 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 2 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, 4 / 32 mm, 8 / 16 mm, and 16 / 32 mm. This processed and screened municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is subsequently used as an additive X that hardens upon addition of water for the production of a building material S, e.g. concrete B, including plaster / mortar, or cement Z.This household waste incineration ash (HMVA) contains virtually no metallic components due to the processing.
[0044] For the production of the building material S according to the invention, no additional components or additives are added to the municipal waste H before the municipal waste incineration process, nor to the municipal waste incineration crude ash HMVRA before processing, nor to the municipal waste incineration ash HMVA after processing, which would alter the material composition and thus the material properties of the mineral municipal waste incineration ash HMVA. The municipal waste incineration plant and the municipal waste incineration process with subsequent conventional processing therefore do not need to be modified, so that the municipal waste incineration ash HMVA provided by a conventional municipal waste incineration plant can be used, which is normally intended for use in earthworks and road construction or for disposal in a landfill. For this purpose, the municipal waste incineration crude ash HMVRA (before processing) falls under the waste code AVV 19 01 12, i.e.It contains no significant environmental pollutants. The raw ash from municipal solid waste incineration exhibits such a pollutant load that it is classified as Z2 or lower in the LAGA installation class.
[0045] Within the scope of the invention, the household waste incineration ash obtained in this way is also referred to as conventional or "conventionally processed household waste incineration ash", which contains only incinerated household waste H and no additives to change the material properties during processing.
[0046] The conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) provided in an initial step ST0 is subjected to a grinding process in a first step ST1 of the manufacturing process for the building material S according to the invention. The conventionally processed MSWI, provided in the corresponding particle size of, for example, 0 / 4 or 0 / 32 mm, is thereby reduced to a powdery form, resulting in a ground material with cement-like fineness, i.e., with a particle size of < 200 µm according to the invention, in particular < 125 µm or even smaller. If necessary, the MSWI must be dried beforehand or subsequently freed from metallic components. Furthermore, the provided conventionally processed MSWI can also be crushed in an intermediate step before grinding, for example in a hammer mill or impact mill, to achieve a sand-like fineness.
[0047] In a test process, it can be determined before or after grinding whether the household waste incineration ash obtained in this way is suitable as an additive X that hardens upon the addition of water or not.
[0048] This allows the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) to be used as an additive X for cement Z (non-stressed version) or for concrete B, including plaster / mortar, on the concrete mixing or cement plant. This additive hardens upon the addition of water (hydraulically, latently hydraulically, carbonately, or pozzolanically). In a subsequent second step (ST2), the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) can be mixed with at least separately supplied cement clinker ZK, which is provided as a single component or as a component of cement Z, and possibly other materials. This mixture G is then a component of the respective building material S to be produced.
[0049] If cement Z, for example composite cement, is produced as a building material S (non-stressed version), in addition to the cement clinker ZK and the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA (water-hardening cement additive XZ), further water-hardening cement additives XZ, e.g. granulated blast furnace slag and / or fly ash, as well as gypsum, can be added as an additional material component.
[0050] When concrete B is produced as building material S, the cement clinker ZK is provided as a component of the finished cement Z, and the mixture G is obtained from at least cement clinker ZK (as a component of the finished cement) and ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA (a water-hardening concrete additive XB) by mixing the cement Z with the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA. With the addition of water, which according to the invention only takes place at the concrete mixing plant, the concrete B can then be finished together with further aggregates and / or concrete admixtures and / or concrete additives XB, according to the invention at the concrete mixing plant, whereby fresh concrete is formed first and then hardened concrete.
[0051] The technical properties of the respective building material S; Z, B can be specifically adjusted by the proportion of water-hardening additives X; XZ, XB in the respective building material S; Z, B, in particular the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA.
[0052] The municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is not subjected to any further temperature treatment step or thermal treatment after the MWI incineration process, in particular it is not sintered or melted, neither before nor after mixing with the cement clinker (CC). Therefore, in the manufacturing process according to the invention, the conventionally processed MSWI is not used in the production of cement clinker (CC), where the respective materials are heated to high temperatures in a rotary kiln. After mixing, the mixture (G) is used directly, i.e., without any further thermal treatment, as a component of the respective building material (S).
[0053] Furthermore, it is stipulated that no wet processing takes place in the process for producing the building material S; that is, after the provision of the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) from the municipal solid waste incineration process, no wet processing stages are planned to ensure the use of the conventionally processed MSWI for the respective building material S. Instead, only dry processing takes place to obtain the respective building material S.
Claims
1. Method for producing concrete (B) as a construction material (S), in particular fresh concrete, comprising at least the following steps: providing at least cement, containing cement clinker (ZK), and independently thereof providing conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) from a household-waste incineration process, wherein the processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) comprises thermally incinerated household waste (H) (ST0); grinding the provided conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) to produce a concrete additive (XB) that hardens upon addition of water (ST1), wherein the conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) is ground to a particle size of < 200 µm; and subsequently mixing the cement (Z) with the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as the concrete additive (XB) at a concrete mixing plant, so that a mixture (G) of at least cement (Z) and ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) is formed, wherein the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA), apart from during the incineration of the household waste (H) and / or after the incineration and the conventional processing of the household waste (H), is not subjected to any material change and / or thermal treatment; and completing the concrete (B) by adding water and aggregates.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) is fractionated, before grinding, into grain-size mixtures of 0 / 32 mm to 0 / 56 mm or into grain-size fractions of 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 2 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, 4 / 32 mm, 8 / 16 mm or 16 / 32 mm.
3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) is ground to a particle size of < 150 µm, in particular < 125 µm.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) contains no additives that are added to the household waste (H) before and / or after the household-waste incineration process, or that are added to the household waste incineration ash (HMVA) before and / or after grinding.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) is not sintered or melted, in particular is not heated to a temperature of more than 150°C.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the method for producing the concrete (B), after providing the conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA), no wet processing is performed and only dry processing of the conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (HMVA) is carried out.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) is hydraulic and / or latently hydraulic and / or carbonatic and / or pozzolanic.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has, as dominant strength-forming main constituents, quartz and calcite, wherein the mass fraction of the two main constituents quartz and calcite in the processed household waste incineration ash is greater than 50%.
9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) contains only thermally incinerated household waste (H) and / or comprises at least no additives, e.g. calcium-containing or aluminium-oxide-containing additives.
10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) falls under waste code AVV 19 01 12 and / or has such a pollutant load that the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration raw ash (gHMVA) is classified in LAGA installation class ≤ Z2.
11. Use of ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as a concrete additive (XB) that hardens upon addition of water, for producing concrete (B), wherein at least cement clinker (ZK) as a constituent of cement (Z) is mixed with aggregates and with the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as the concrete additive (XB) that hardens upon addition of water, and the concrete (B) is subsequently completed by adding water, wherein the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has a particle size of < 200 µm and, apart from during the incineration of the household waste (H) and / or after the incineration and the conventional processing of the household waste (H), is not subjected to any material change and / or thermal treatment.