Adjusted meal

Abstract

To provide an adjusted meal for improving health conditions.SOLUTION: A dietary regimen for improving health conditions, wherein an adjusted diet is continually consumed for at least one meal selected from breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and wherein the health conditions are assessed by one or more health indicators selected from body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress marker, stool frequency, and intestinal flora diversity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for improving health by consuming a controlled diet. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, rising medical and nursing care costs due to the aging population have become a problem, and extending "healthy life expectancy," the length of time people can live without health restrictions, has become an important issue in controlling medical expenses and enjoying a fulfilling retirement. For example, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan revise the standards for the amount of energy and nutrients that are desirable for maintaining and improving the health of its citizens every five years, and published the report of the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020 Edition)" Development Committee (hereinafter referred to as "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese") on December 24, 2019.

[0003] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese calculates estimated energy requirements (kcal / day) for each age, sex, and physical activity level (low (I), normal (II), high (III)), and specifies target amounts (the percentage that each nutrient should account for in total energy intake) for the three major nutrients: protein, fat, and carbohydrates, based on the estimated energy requirements. It also specifies recommended amounts, approximate amounts, tolerable upper intakes, and target amounts, or a combination of these, for fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D, water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin, and minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese.

[0004] The reference values ​​for each nutrient listed in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," such as the recommended amount, approximate amount, tolerable upper intake, and target amount, are set for each gender, age, and physical activity level. Nutritional calculations that ensure all nutrients meet the reference values ​​require trial and error, and nutritional calculations are often performed to achieve the standard values ​​for only the three major nutrients and salt equivalent, or for major vitamins and minerals in addition to these. Furthermore, rather than performing nutritional calculations to ensure that nutrients at each meal meet the standard values, nutritional calculations are often performed to ensure that the subject's average nutrient intake over a specified period, such as one week, meets the standard values.

[0005] Patent Document 1 describes an invention relating to a nutritionally balanced food for oral intake that contains, in terms of energy ratio, at least 2-75% carbohydrates, 10% or more protein, and 15-70% lipids, and is designed so that when the estimated energy requirement indicated in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan is consumed, the intake of vitamins and minerals indicated in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan is more than the required amount and less than the upper limit amount. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-140952 A discloses an invention relating to a method for ingesting a diet with adjusted nutritional components with the aim of improving such health conditions. Meanwhile, various methods other than those described in Patent Document 1 are also envisioned.

[0007] Furthermore, when ingesting a diet with adjusted nutritional components, it is believed that the results are often influenced by various factors, such as the content of the diet, the timing of ingestion (breakfast, lunch, or dinner), the duration of the diet, etc. Furthermore, there is currently not much data available demonstrating the effects of people who have taken such adjusted diets continuously. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Therefore, the present inventors have investigated a new method for ingesting a diet with adjusted nutritional components, and have set it as an objective to investigate not only the content of the diet to be ingested but also the time and timing of ingestion, etc. Furthermore, the inventors have also investigated the effects of actually ingesting the adjusted diet, with the aim of improving health conditions. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] As a result of various investigations, the inventors discovered that health can be improved by continuously consuming a diet containing 13-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrates in terms of energy ratio, with predetermined amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals at least at one or more meals selected from breakfast, lunch, and dinner each day, and this led to the completion of the present invention.

[0010] That is, the first invention of the present application is a modified diet containing 13 to 20% protein, 20 to 30% lipid, and 50 to 65% carbohydrate in terms of energy ratio, and the nutritional components of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals are adjusted to fall within a predetermined range, The adjusted diet is adjusted to satisfy the following (i) to (iii) for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, respectively, so that all users belonging to different categories of sex, age, and physical activity level can meet the Japanese dietary reference intakes: The method of use involves continuously ingesting the modified diet at least one or more meals selected from the three meals of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day, and the modified diet is intended to improve health status as determined by one or more health indicators selected from body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, bowel movement frequency, and intestinal flora diversity. (i) Protein: The upper limit of the target amount of protein in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement is set as the upper intake limit, and the recommended amount with the highest protein value in the category to which each user belongs is set as the lower intake limit. The protein content of the prepared diet is within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the prepared diet by the total number of calories ingested per day, (ii) lipids: the upper intake limit is the target upper limit of lipids in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lower intake limit is the target lower limit of lipids in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lipids in the modified diet are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the modified diet by the total number of calories ingested per day; (iii) Carbohydrates: The upper intake limit is set to the target upper limit of carbohydrates in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lower intake limit is set to the target lower limit of carbohydrates in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement. The carbohydrates in the adjusted diet are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the adjusted diet by the total number of calories ingested in a day. This problem was solved by this.

[0011] Next, it is preferable that the health condition is determined by one or more health indicators selected from body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, bowel movement frequency, and intestinal flora diversity. That is, the second invention of the present application is: "The method for improving health condition according to claim 1, wherein the health condition is determined by one or more health indicators selected from body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, bowel movement frequency, and intestinal flora diversity."

[0012] Next, it is preferable that the vitamins include at least vitamin B1 and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least Ca, Mg, and Fe. That is, the third invention of the present application is: "A method for improving health conditions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin B1 and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least Ca, Mg, and Fe."

[0013] Next, it is preferable that the vitamins include at least vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, folic acid, and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least K, Ca, Mg, P, and Fe. That is, the fourth invention of the present application is: "A method for improving health conditions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, folic acid and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least K, Ca, Mg, P and Fe."

[0014] Next, it is preferable that the lipid contains a predetermined amount or less of saturated fatty acids and a predetermined amount or more of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids. That is, the fifth invention of the present application is: "The method for improving health conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lipid contains a predetermined amount of saturated fatty acids or less, and a predetermined amount of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids or more."

[0015] Next, the continuous intake of the diet may be carried out only on weekdays of the week. That is, the sixth invention of the present application is: "A method for improving health conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the continuous intake of the diet is carried out only on weekdays."

[0016] Next, it is preferable that the period of continuous intake of the diet is at least 3 weeks or more. "The method for improving health conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the period of continuous intake of the diet is at least 3 weeks or more." [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] By utilizing the method of the present invention, health status can be improved by continuously consuming a diet with adjusted nutritional components, particularly health status determined by one or more health indices selected from blood triglycerides, bone mineral density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, and intestinal flora diversity. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a table showing the estimated energy requirement, target intake amounts of protein, lipids, saturated fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, n-6 fatty acids, and carbohydrates for each physical activity level in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" for 18 to 64 year olds, which is related to the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a table showing the results of physical measurements before and after continuous intake of a modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. [Figure 3] 1 is a table showing the results of analysis of neutral fats among blood lipids before and after continuous intake of a modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. [Figure 4] This is a table showing the results of an analysis of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), one of the metabolites in the blood (plasma) of subjects, using CE-TOFMS (capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry) for blood metabolome analysis before and after continuous intake of the modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. [Figure 5] 1 is a table showing the results of measuring blood pressure before and after continuous intake of a modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. [Figure 6] 1 is a table showing the results of measuring bone density before and after continuous intake of a modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. [Figure 7] 1 is a table showing the results of an analysis of intestinal flora before and after continuous intake of a modified diet in an example of the present invention for a certain period of time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The present invention relates to the following contents, which will be described in detail below. The present invention relates to a method for improving health by continuously ingesting a diet containing 13-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrates in terms of energy ratio, with the nutritional components of protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals adjusted to fall within predetermined ranges, at least at one or more meals selected from breakfast, lunch, and dinner each day. The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0020] ─When to consume nutritionally adjusted meals at each of your three meals a day─ In the present invention, a diet with adjusted nutritional components, as described below, is ingested at least one meal out of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day. It is also preferable to ingest the diet at least two meals out of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day. Specifically, any combination of breakfast and lunch, breakfast and dinner, or lunch and dinner is possible. It is even more preferable to ingest the adjusted diet at all meals, i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Furthermore, among breakfast, lunch and dinner, it is preferable to take meals with adjusted nutritional components as defined in the present invention, particularly at meals with a high energy intake.

[0021] ─Amount of energy─ During the period when the formulated diet of the present invention is taken, the total amount of energy intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to follow the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (December 24, 2019). In other words, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan revises the standards for the amount of energy and nutrients that are desirable to consume in order to maintain and improve the health of the nation's citizens every five years, and on December 24, 2019, it published the report of the Committee to Formulate the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese").

[0022] The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" discloses estimated energy requirements (kcal / day) for each age, sex, and physical activity level (low (I), normal (II), high (III)), and it is preferable to follow these fixed energy requirements. The amount of energy can be set in various ways depending on the subject's gender, age group, etc., and can be set to 1700 kcal or 2000 kcal depending on the subject and age. Next, the intake energy ratios of breakfast, lunch, and dinner (including snacks) in the present invention are as follows: An example of lunch:dinner (including snacks) would be approximately 20:30:50. However, it is not limited to this, and it is preferable that breakfast: lunch: dinner are in the range of approximately 10-30%: 20-40%: 40-60%.

[0023] Here, when consuming a nutritionally adjusted meal at one of the three meals of the day, breakfast, lunch, or dinner, it is possible to select either breakfast, lunch, or dinner, but it is preferable to choose the meal with the highest calorie intake (lunch or dinner) as the nutritionally adjusted meal. Furthermore, when consuming two meals a day with nutritionally adjusted components, the total calorie intake from the nutritionally adjusted meals in one day is preferably 35% or more of the total calorie intake in one day, more preferably 45% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more.

[0024] In other words, it is preferable that the calorie intake of the modified diet (two meals selected from breakfast, lunch, and dinner) accounts for a large proportion of the total calorie intake in a day. It is also preferable that the total calorie intake in a day be planned in advance. Furthermore, when a modified diet described below is eaten at one meal of the day, there are no particular restrictions on the contents of the remaining two meals. Furthermore, if the modified diet described below is eaten at two meals a day, there are no particular restrictions on the contents of the remaining meal, as long as the modified diet described below is eaten at two meals a day. However, it is preferable that the contents of meals other than the formulated diet be meals that take into consideration the nutritional balance similar to that of the formulated diet.

[0025] ─Energy ratio─ The nutritionally adjusted diet of the present invention is a diet with adjusted nutritional components that contains 13-20% protein, 20-30% lipids, and 50-65% carbohydrates in terms of energy ratio, i.e., an adjusted diet with a PFC balance. This intake balance of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates is listed as the energy-producing nutrient balance in the 2020 edition of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese.

[0026] ─Protein─ Protein intake should be taken while taking into consideration the PFC balance described above. Preferably, upper and lower limits for total daily protein intake are set as follows, and the upper and lower limits are multiplied by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal) so that the amount of protein intake falls within the range obtained. In addition, it is preferable to calculate the upper and lower limits of total protein intake per day as follows.

[0027] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people set the dietary reference intake (target amount) for protein for men and women aged 18 to 64 at 13-20% or 14-20% of energy per day. The recommended amount is set at 65g / day for men and 50g / day for women. Furthermore, for those with low energy intake requirements, the lower limit may be lower than the recommended amount, but even in this case, it is desirable for the lower limit to be higher than the recommended amount. Because estimated energy requirements differ for each gender, age, and physical activity level category, as shown in Figure 1, when the upper and lower limits of the target protein intake are calculated in grams per day, the upper and lower limits differ depending on the category of dietary reference intakes.

[0028] Therefore, to enable users of different genders, ages, and physical activity levels to meet the dietary reference intakes for Japanese people, the upper limit of the target amount of protein for the "standard energy amount" category with the lowest estimated energy requirement is set as the upper limit of protein intake for the formulated diet.The highest recommended amount within each user's category is set as the lower limit of protein intake for the formulated diet.

[0029] In the example shown in Figure 1, the upper limit of the target amount of protein for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) is the upper limit of protein intake for the modified diet. In this case, 1g of protein provides 4kcal of energy in the body, so the upper limit of protein intake for the modified diet is 82.5g / day (=1650kcal / 4kcal x 20%). Meanwhile, the lower limit of protein intake is set at 65g, which is the highest recommended amount among all categories.

[0030] As another method of adjustment, it is also preferable to set the above-mentioned number of calories ingested per day as 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned upper and lower intake limits (82.5 g / day and 65 g / day).

[0031] ─Fat─ The amount of lipid intake should be taken while taking into consideration the PFC balance, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for total lipid intake per day as shown below, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) divided by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower limits of daily total lipid intake can be calculated as follows. In the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," the dietary reference intake (target amount) for lipids for men and women aged 18 to 64 is set at 20% to 30% of energy / day. Since the estimated energy requirement differs for each gender, age, and physical activity level category, the upper and lower target limits for lipids differ depending on the category, as shown in Figure 3.

[0032] Therefore, to enable users of different genders, ages, and physical activity levels to consume a complete nutritional diet that meets the dietary reference intakes for Japanese people, the upper limit of the target amount of lipids in the "standard energy amount" category with the lowest estimated energy requirement will be set as the upper limit of lipid intake in the adjusted diet.

[0033] On the other hand, since the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" does not set a recommended amount of lipids, the lower limit of the target amount of lipids for users who belong to the "standard energy amount" category will be used as the lower limit of lipid intake in the adjusted diet. In the example of Figure 1, the upper and lower target limits for lipid intake for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) are the upper and lower intake limits for lipid intake in the modified diet. In this case, since 1g of lipid provides 9kcal of energy in the body, the upper intake limit for lipid intake in the modified diet is 55.0g / day (=1650kcal / 9kcal x 30%) and the lower intake limit is 36.7g / day (=1650kcal / 9kcal x 20%).

[0034] As another adjustment method, in order to ensure the intake of each component, it is even more preferable to set the above-mentioned number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) for which the nutrients are adjusted by the above 1650 kcal, so that the value obtained falls within the range of the above-mentioned upper and lower intake limits (55.0 g / day and 36.7 g / day). Next, as for the type of lipid, it is preferable to avoid consuming too much saturated fatty acids.

[0035] Preferably, an upper limit for daily intake of saturated fatty acids is set as follows, and the upper limit is set within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) divided by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). In the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," the dietary reference intake (target amount) for saturated fatty acids for men and women aged 18 and over is set at 7% energy / day. Because the estimated energy requirements differ for each gender, age, and physical activity level category, as shown in Figure 1, when the upper limit for saturated fatty acids is calculated in grams / day, the upper and lower limits differ depending on the category.

[0036] Therefore, to enable users of different genders, ages, and physical activity levels to consume a complete nutritional diet that meets the dietary reference intakes for Japanese people, the upper limit of the target amount of saturated fatty acids in the "standard energy amount" category with the lowest estimated energy requirement will be set as the upper limit of saturated fatty acid intake in the adjusted diet. In the example shown in Figure 1, the upper limit of saturated fatty acid intake for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) is the upper limit of saturated fatty acid intake for the formulated diet. In this case, 1g of saturated fatty acid provides 9kcal of energy in the body, so the upper limit of saturated fatty acid intake for the formulated diet is 12.8g / day (=1650 / 9 x 0.07).

[0037] Alternatively, as an adjustment method, the number of calories ingested can be set to 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components eaten can be divided by the above 1650 kcal and multiplied by the above upper intake limit (12.8 g / day) to fall within the range below.

[0038] Next, as for the types of lipids, it is preferable to ingest n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids as follows. Preferably, a lower limit for daily intake of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids is set as follows, and the range is set to be greater than the value obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0039] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people set the dietary intakes of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids as guideline amounts, with n-3 fatty acids set at 2.0g / day for men and 1.6g / day for women aged 18-29, 2.0g / day for men and 1.6g / day for women aged 30-49, and 2.2g / day for men and 1.9g / day for women aged 50-64. For n-6 fatty acids, the recommended intakes are 11g / day for men and 8g / day for women aged 18-29, 10g / day for men and 8g / day for women aged 30-49, and 10g / day for men and 8g / day for women aged 50-64.

[0040] In this embodiment, the maximum recommended amounts of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids for each category (2.2 g / day of n-3 fatty acids and 11 g / day of n-6 fatty acids) are set as the lower intake limits for the formulated diet of this embodiment so that all users can consume the recommended amounts of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids by consuming the formulated diet. As another method of adjustment, it is also preferable to set the number of calories ingested per day as 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower intake limit value, so that the value falls within the range obtained. That is, since the lower limit values ​​for n-3 fatty acids are 2.2 g / day and for n-6 fatty acids are 11 g / day, it is also preferable to use the values ​​obtained by multiplying these values ​​as the respective lower limit values.

[0041] ─Carbohydrates (including dietary fiber)─ The intake of carbohydrates and the dietary fiber contained in carbohydrates should be taken into consideration with regard to the PFC balance, but it is more preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily carbohydrate intake as described below, and to ensure that the intake falls within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower limits by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). That is, the upper and lower intake limits for carbohydrates and the dietary fiber contained in carbohydrates are calculated as follows.

[0042] In the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," the dietary reference intake (target amount) for carbohydrates for men and women aged 18 to 64 is set at 50% to 65% of energy / day. Because estimated energy requirements differ for each gender, age, and physical activity level category, the upper and lower target values ​​for carbohydrates differ depending on the category, as shown in Figure 1. Therefore, to enable users of different genders, ages, and physical activity levels to consume a complete nutritional diet that meets the dietary reference intakes for Japanese people, the upper limit of the target amount of carbohydrates in the "standard energy amount" category with the lowest estimated energy requirement will be set as the upper limit of carbohydrate intake in the adjusted diet.

[0043] On the other hand, since no "recommended amount" is set for carbohydrates, the lower limit of the target amount of carbohydrates for users who belong to the "standard energy amount" category is set as the lower limit of carbohydrate intake in the adjusted diet. In the example of Figure 1, the upper and lower target carbohydrate intake limits for a user in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (female, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) are the upper and lower carbohydrate intake limits for the modified diet. In this case, 1g of carbohydrate provides 4kcal of energy in the body, so the upper carbohydrate intake limit is 268.1g / day (=1650 / 4 x 0.65) and the lower carbohydrate intake limit is 206.3g / day (=1650 / 4 x 0.5).

[0044] Furthermore, as another method of adjustment, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above upper and lower carbohydrate intake limits (268.1 g / day and 206.3 g / day). Next, as for dietary fiber, as shown below, it is preferable to set the daily intake limit at or above the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0045] In addition, the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese People" specifies the dietary reference intake amount for dietary fiber as a target amount, with the target amount set at 21 g / day or more for men aged 18 to 64 and 18 g / day or more for women. In this embodiment, if all users take a diet with the adjusted amount, the dietary fiber intake will be 21 g / day or more. To ensure that the target amount is ingested, the maximum target amount of dietary fiber for each category (21g / day) was set. This is the lower intake limit for the formulated diet of this embodiment. Furthermore, as another method of adjusting the number of calories ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to ensure that the amount of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components is equal to or greater than the amount obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of dietary fiber intake (21 g / day).

[0046] ─Vitamins and minerals─ In the present invention, it is necessary to adjust the content of vitamins and minerals in a diet with adjusted nutritional components. The preferred forms of each component are shown below. Adjustment of at least one of these components is sufficient, but it is preferable to include at least "vitamin B1 and vitamin C" and "Ca, Mg, and Fe," which are vitamins and minerals whose intakes of nutrients, etc., are 20% or more below the dietary intake standards in the National Health and Nutrition Survey.

[0047] It is even more preferable that at least the vitamins and minerals "vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, folic acid and vitamin C" and "K, Ca, Mg, P and Fe," which are vitamins and minerals whose intakes of nutrients are insufficient compared to the dietary intake standards in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, are included as targets for adjustment. Most preferably, all of the following vitamins and minerals are included as adjustment targets.

[0048] 〇Sodium (equivalent to salt) In the modified diet of the present invention, it is advisable to limit the amount of sodium, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily sodium intake (equivalent to salt) as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). In other words, the upper and lower intake limits for sodium are calculated as follows: In the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," the dietary reference intake (target amount) for sodium (salt equivalent) for men and women aged 18 to 64 is set at less than 7.5g / day for men and less than 6.5g / day for women, equivalent to salt.

[0049] Here, the amount of the prepared diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of salt equivalent contained in the prepared diet after the amount adjustment must be lower than the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized salt equivalent amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the smallest normalized salt equivalent amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for the salt equivalent amount in the prepared diet. Normalized salt equivalent = target amount of salt equivalent × (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0050] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of salt equivalent that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 4.06g / day (7.5g x 1650kcal / 3050kcal). Therefore, it is preferable that the sodium in the formula diet be less than the upper intake limit of 4.06g / day in terms of salt equivalent.

[0051] On the other hand, because sodium also affects the taste of meals, its amount can be considered flexibly. For example, the Smart Meal Standards, reviewed and certified by a consortium including the Japanese Society for Nutrition and Dietetics, the Japanese Society for Food Service Management, and the Japanese Society of Hypertension, stipulate that sodium (salt equivalent) should be less than 3.0g "properly" and less than 3.5g "solidly." These standards may be followed. Specifically, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, if the daily calorie intake is 450-650kcal, the salt equivalent should be less than 3.0g, and for 650-850kcal, the salt equivalent should be less than 3.5g. Adjustments to ensure that the salt equivalent is below the corresponding upper limit are also possible. Other unique standards may also be established. For example, if the calorie intake is less than 450kcal, the salt equivalent may be less than 2.5g. For 850kcal or more, the salt equivalent may be less than 4.0g.

[0052] Another original standard is to set the daily salt intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at 1.7g or less for breakfast, less than 3.0g for lunch, and less than 3.5g for dinner, and adjust the salt equivalent amount to the upper limit. In this way, it is also possible to set an upper limit for sodium (salt equivalent) intake. It is also possible to follow standards other than the above-mentioned setting method, or to set standards that allow for tasty food and easy reduction in salt intake.

[0053] Calcium It is advisable to take calcium in a balanced manner, but it is more preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily calcium intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the modified meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower daily calcium intake limits are preferably calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" provides a recommended amount and a tolerable upper intake limit for calcium for people aged 18 to 64.

[0054] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the calcium contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized calcium amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized calcium amount among them is set as the upper calcium intake limit for the formulated diet. Normalized calcium amount = tolerable upper limit of calcium × (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0055] In addition, the lower limit of calcium intake for the formula diet is based on the maximum recommended amount of calcium for each category (800 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of calcium. This is the lower limit of food intake. In the example of Figure 1, men aged 18-29 years old with physical activity level III (high) The estimated energy requirement is higher than other categories, so the calorie content that can be included in the formula diet is Um is 1352.5 mg / day (= 2500 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal) Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for calcium intake in a modified diet.

[0056] Another preferable adjustment method for calcium intake is to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above upper and lower calcium intake limits (1352.5 mg / day and 800 mg / day).

[0057] Iron It is advisable to take iron into consideration in terms of balance, but it is more preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily iron intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). In addition, it is preferable to calculate the upper and lower limits of daily iron intake as follows. The upper and lower intake limits of iron in the formulated diet of this embodiment are calculated as follows.

[0058] The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets recommended amounts and tolerable upper intake amounts for iron for people aged 18 to 64. In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of iron contained in the formulated diet after the adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized iron amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized iron amount among them is set as the upper limit of iron intake for the formulated diet. Normalized iron content = tolerable upper limit of iron × (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0059] Furthermore, the lower limit of iron intake for the formula diet is set to the maximum recommended amount of iron for each category (10.5 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of iron. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men, aged 18-29, with a physical activity level of III (high), is higher than the other categories, so the amount of iron that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 27.0 mg / day (= 50 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit of iron intake for the formula diet.

[0060] Another preferable adjustment method for the amount of iron intake is to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above upper and lower iron intake limits (27.0 mg / day and 10.5 mg / day).

[0061] ○Rin It is advisable to take phosphorus into consideration in terms of balance, but it is more preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily phosphorus intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower daily intake limits of phosphorus are calculated as follows:

[0062] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people provide dietary reference intakes for phosphorus, including an approximate intake amount and a tolerable upper intake amount, for those aged 18 to 64 years. The amount of the formulated diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of phosphorus contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be lower than the dietary reference intake amount for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized phosphorus amount is calculated for each category using the following formula, and the lowest normalized phosphorus amount among these is set as the upper intake limit for phosphorus in the formulated diet. Normalized phosphorus amount = Tolerable upper limit of phosphorus × (Reference energy amount / Estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0063] In addition, the lower limit of phosphorus intake for the formulated diet is set to the maximum phosphorus intake guideline for each category (1000 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men, aged 18-29, with a physical activity level of III (high), is higher than the other categories, so the amount of phosphorus that can be included in the formulated diet is the lowest at 1623.0 mg / day (= 3000 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit of phosphorus intake for the formulated diet. As another adjustment method for the amount of phosphorus intake, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the resulting value by the above-mentioned lower and upper phosphorus intake limits (1000 mg / day and 1623.0 mg / day).

[0064] Magnesium It is advisable to take magnesium in a balanced manner, but it is more preferable to set a lower limit for daily magnesium intake as follows, and to ensure that the lower limit falls within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0065] The lower limit of daily magnesium intake is calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets recommended amounts for each age group for those aged 18 to 64. Here, the lower limit of magnesium intake for the formulated diet is set to the maximum recommended amount of magnesium for each category (370 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of magnesium. As another method of adjusting the amount of magnesium ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower intake limit for magnesium (370 mg / day).

[0066] 〇Potassium It is advisable to take potassium into consideration in terms of balance, but it is more preferable to set a daily lower limit for potassium intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The lower intake limit of potassium is calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" provides recommended intake amounts for potassium for people aged 18 to 64. In this embodiment, the maximum recommended amount of potassium for each category (2500 mg / day) is set as the lower intake limit for the adjusted diet so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of potassium.

[0067] Another preferable adjustment method for the amount of potassium intake is to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower intake limit for potassium (2500 mg / day).

[0068] Copper It is advisable to take copper in a balanced manner, but it is more preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily copper intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for copper are calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets the recommended amount and tolerable upper intake limit for copper for people aged 18 to 64.

[0069] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of copper contained in the formulated diet after the adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized copper amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized copper amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for copper in the formulated diet. Normalized copper amount = tolerable upper limit of copper x (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category) In addition, the lower limit of copper intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of copper for each category (0.9 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of copper. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of copper that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 3.79 mg / day (7 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for copper intake in the formula diet. Another method of adjusting the amount of copper intake is to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the lowest estimated energy requirement category in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category) in Figure 1, and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned lower and upper intake limits for copper (0.9 mg / day and 3.79 mg / day).

[0070] Iodine It is advisable to take iodine in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily iodine intake as follows, and to set the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper and lower limits by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for iodine are calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets the recommended amount and tolerable upper intake limit for iodine for people aged 18 to 64.

[0071] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of iodine contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized iodine amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the smallest normalized iodine amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for iodine in the formulated diet. Normalized iodine amount = tolerable upper intake of iodine × (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0072] In addition, the lower limit of iodine intake for formulated diets is set at the maximum recommended amount of iodine for each category (130 μg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of iodine. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of iodine that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 1623 μg / day (3000 μg × 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for iodine intake in the formula diet.

[0073] The tolerable upper intake level in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" is set for habitual intake, and it is acceptable to intermittently exceed the tolerable upper intake level, and this is also true in this embodiment.

[0074] As another method of adjusting the amount of iodine intake, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the obtained value by the above-mentioned lower and upper intake limits for iodine (130 μg / day and 1623 μg / day).

[0075] Selenium It is advisable to take selenium in a balanced manner. Preferably, the following upper and lower limits for daily selenium intake are set, and the upper and lower limits are multiplied by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for selenium are calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people set the recommended amount and tolerable upper intake limit for selenium for people aged 18 to 64.

[0076] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of selenium contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized selenium amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized selenium amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for selenium in the formulated diet. Normalized selenium intake = selenium tolerable upper intake x (reference energy intake / estimated energy requirement for each category) In addition, the lower limit of selenium intake for the formula diet is set so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of selenium. Therefore, the maximum recommended amount of selenium for each category (30 μg / day) was set as the lower limit of intake for the adjusted diet. It states that:

[0077] In the example of Figure 1, men aged 18-29 years old with physical activity level III (high) The estimated energy requirement is higher than in other categories, so selenium can be included in the formula diet. was the lowest at 243.4 μg / day (450 μg × 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for selenium intake in the modified diet. Another method of adjusting the amount of selenium intake is to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the lowest estimated energy requirement category in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) in Figure 1, and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned upper and lower intake limits for selenium (30 μg / day and 243.4 μg / day).

[0078] Zinc It is advisable to take zinc in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily zinc intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of zinc are calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount and tolerable upper intake limit for zinc for people aged 18 to 64.

[0079] Here, the amount of the formulated diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of zinc contained in the formulated diet after the adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake of the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized zinc amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the smallest normalized zinc amount among them is set as the upper limit of zinc intake for the formulated diet. Normalized zinc intake = Tolerable upper limit of zinc intake × (standard energy intake / estimated energy requirement for each category) amount) In addition, the lower limit of zinc intake for the formula diet is set so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of zinc. The maximum recommended amount of zinc for each category (11 mg / day) is set as the lower limit of intake for a balanced diet. There are.

[0080] In the example of Figure 1, men aged 18-29 years old with physical activity level III (high) Because the estimated energy requirement is higher than in other categories, the amount of zinc that can be included in the formula is The lowest is 21.6mg / day (40mg x 1650kcal / 3050kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit of zinc intake in the modified diet. As another adjustment method for the amount of zinc ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned lower and upper intake limits for zinc (11 mg / day and 21.6 mg / day).

[0081] Chrome It is advisable to take chromium in a balanced manner. Preferably, the following upper and lower limits for daily chromium intake should be set, and the upper and lower limits should be within the range obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a nutritionally adjusted meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for chromium are calculated as follows:

[0082] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people provide an approximate intake and a tolerable upper intake for chromium for those aged 18 to 64 years. The amount of chromium in the formulated diet of this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of chromium contained in the adjusted formulated diet must be lower than the dietary intake reference for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized chromium amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized chromium amount among these is used as the upper intake limit for chromium in the formulated diet. Normalized chromium amount = Tolerable upper intake of chromium × (Reference energy amount / Estimated energy requirement for each category)

[0083] Additionally, the lower intake limit for chromium in the formula diet is set at the maximum recommended intake for each category (10 μg / day) to ensure that all users consume more than the recommended amount. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 years with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for the other categories, so the amount of chromium that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 270.5 μg / day (500 μg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper intake limit for chromium in the formula diet.

[0084] Another method for adjusting the amount of chromium intake is to set the total calorie intake per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the lowest estimated energy requirement category (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low)) in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18-64 years in Figure 1, and then divide the calorie intake of a nutritionally adjusted meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the 1650 kcal and multiply the result by the upper and lower intake limits for chromium (10 μg / day and 270.5 μg / day).

[0085] Manganese It is advisable to take manganese in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily manganese intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of manganese are calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets the recommended intake and tolerable upper intake limits for manganese for people aged 18 to 64.

[0086] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the manganese contained in the adjusted diet must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized manganese amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized manganese amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for manganese in the formulated diet. Normalized manganese intake = tolerable upper intake of manganese × (standard energy intake / estimated energy requirement for each category) In addition, the lower limit of manganese intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum value of the recommended amount of manganese for each category (4 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of manganese.

[0087] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the manganese that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 6.0 mg / day (11 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for manganese intake in the formula diet. As another adjustment method for the amount of manganese ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above manganese lower and upper intake limits (4 mg / day and 6.0 mg / day).

[0088] Molybdenum It is advisable to take molybdenum in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily molybdenum intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for molybdenum are calculated as follows: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people provide a recommended amount and a tolerable upper intake limit for molybdenum for people aged 18 to 64.

[0089] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of molybdenum contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be lower than the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized molybdenum amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized molybdenum amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for molybdenum in the formulated diet. Normalized molybdenum amount = Tolerable upper intake of molybdenum × (Reference energy amount / Estimated energy requirement for each category) In addition, the lower limit of molybdenum intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of molybdenum for each category (30 μg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of molybdenum.

[0090] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of molybdenum that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 324.6 μg / day (600 μg × 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for molybdenum intake in the formula diet.

[0091] As another method for adjusting the amount of molybdenum intake, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned upper and lower intake limits for molybdenum (30 μg / day and 324.6 μg / day).

[0092] Vitamin A It is advisable to take vitamin A in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily vitamin A intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits for vitamin A are calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount and tolerable upper intake limit for vitamin A for people aged 18 to 64.

[0093] In this embodiment, the amount of the formulated diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of vitamin A contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized vitamin A amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized vitamin A amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for vitamin A in the formulated diet. Normalized vitamin A intake = Tolerable Upper Intake of Vitamin A × (Reference Energy Amount / Estimated Energy Requirement for Each Category) In addition, the lower limit of vitamin A intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of vitamin A for each category (900 μg RE / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of vitamin A.

[0094] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of vitamin A that can be included in the formulated diet is the lowest at 1460.7 μg RE / day (2700 μg RE × 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper intake limit for vitamin A in the formulated diet. Vitamin A comes in two forms: retinol (animal-derived) and carotenoids (plant-derived). The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets upper limits only for retinol and added vitamin A, but does not set upper limits for carotenoids derived from food, and this is also true in this embodiment.

[0095] As another method for adjusting the amount of vitamin A to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above-mentioned lower and upper intake limits for vitamin A (900 μg RE / day and 1460.7 μg RE / day).

[0096] Vitamin D It is advisable to take vitamin D in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily vitamin D intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin D are calculated as follows.

[0097] The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people provide an approximate intake and a tolerable upper intake for vitamin D for those aged 18 to 64. The amount of vitamin D in the formulated diet of this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of vitamin D contained in the adjusted formulated diet must be lower than the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized vitamin D amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized vitamin D amount among these is set as the upper intake limit for vitamin D in the formulated diet. Normalized vitamin D amount = Tolerable Upper Intake of Vitamin D × (Reference Energy Amount / Estimated Energy Requirement for Each Category) In addition, the lower limit of vitamin D intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of vitamin D for each category (8.5 μg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of vitamin D.

[0098] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of vitamin D that can be included in the formula diet is the lowest at 54.1 μg / day (100 μg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit for vitamin D intake in the formula diet. As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin D to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower and upper intake limits for vitamin D (8.5 μg / day and 54.1 μg / day).

[0099] Vitamin E It is advisable to take vitamin E in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily vitamin E intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin E are calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended intake and tolerable upper intake limits for vitamin E for people aged 18 to 64.

[0100] Here, the amount of the formulated diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of vitamin E contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized vitamin E amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized vitamin E amount among them is set as the upper intake limit of vitamin E for the formulated diet. Normalized vitamin E amount = Tolerable Upper Intake of Vitamin E × (Reference Energy Amount / Estimated Energy Requirement for Each Category)

[0101] In addition, the lower limit of vitamin E intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of vitamin E for each category (7.0 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of vitamin E. In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of vitamin E that can be included in the formula diet is the smallest at 459.8 mg / day (= 850 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper intake limit for vitamin E in the formula diet.

[0102] As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin E to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower and upper intake limits for vitamin E (7.0 mg / day and 459.8 mg / day).

[0103] Vitamin K It is advisable to take vitamin K in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin K intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) divided by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0104] Here, the lower limit of vitamin K is calculated as follows. The lower limit of vitamin K intake for a formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of vitamin K for each category (150 μg / day), so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of vitamin K. Note that the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese people sets the recommended amount of vitamin K at 150 μg / day regardless of age, sex, or physical activity level, so the recommended amount of vitamin K is the lower limit of intake for a formulated diet.

[0105] As another method for adjusting the amount of vitamin K to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower intake limit of vitamin K (150 μg / day).

[0106] Vitamin B1 It is advisable to take vitamin B1 in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin B1 intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal) by the lower limit.

[0107] Here, the lower limit of vitamin B1 is calculated as follows. The recommended amount of vitamin B1 is set in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," which is set at 1.1 to 1.4 mg / day depending on age, gender, and physical activity level. In this embodiment, the maximum value of the recommended amount of vitamin B1 for each category (1.4 mg / day) is set as the lower intake limit of the formulated diet of this embodiment, so that all users can consume the recommended amount of vitamin B1. As a result, for example, even if a man aged 18 to 49 limits his dietary intake to 1650 kcal / day for the purpose of dieting, he will be able to meet the dietary reference intake of 1.4 mg / day of vitamin B1 by consuming the formulated diet.

[0108] As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin B1 to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the lower intake limit of vitamin B1 (1.4 mg / day) so that the value obtained is equal to or greater than this.

[0109] Vitamin B2 It is advisable to take vitamin B2 in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin B2 intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) divided by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0110] Here, the lower limit of vitamin B2 is calculated as follows. The recommended amount of vitamin B2 is set in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," which is set at 1.2 to 1.6 mg / day depending on age, gender, and physical activity level. In this embodiment, the maximum value of the recommended amount of vitamin B2 for each category (1.6 mg / day) is set as the lower intake limit of the formulated diet of this embodiment, so that all users can consume the recommended amount of vitamin B2. As a result, for example, even if a man aged 18 to 49 limits his dietary intake to 1650 kcal / day for dietary purposes, he can still meet the dietary reference intake of 1.6 mg / day of vitamin B2 by consuming the formulated diet.

[0111] As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin B2 to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to ensure that the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal is equal to or greater than the value multiplied by the above lower intake limit of vitamin B2 (1.6 mg / day).

[0112] Niacin It is advisable to take niacin in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily niacin intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). The upper and lower intake limits for niacin are calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets a recommended amount and a tolerable upper intake limit for niacin for people aged 18 to 64. The tolerable upper intake limit is the tolerable upper intake limit when ingested as nicotinic acid from fortified foods and supplements.

[0113] The amount of the prepared diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the nicotinic acid contained in the prepared diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake of the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized nicotinic acid amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized nicotinic acid amount among them is set as the upper intake limit of nicotinic acid in the prepared diet. Normalized nicotinic acid amount = Tolerable upper limit of nicotinic acid × (reference energy amount / estimated energy amount for each category) energy requirements)

[0114] In addition, the lower limit of niacin equivalent intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of niacin equivalent for each category (15 mg NE / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of niacin equivalent. In the example of Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men, aged 18-29, with a physical activity level of III (high), is higher than the other categories, so the amount of nicotinic acid that can be included in the formulated diet is the smallest at 43.3 mg / day (80 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, this value is set as the upper limit of nicotinic acid intake in the modified diet. Note that the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" specifies upper limits for nicotinamide or nicotinic acid derived from fortified foods and supplements, and this also applies to the present embodiment.

[0115] As another adjustment method for the amount of niacin to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day to 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower limit (15 mg NE) and upper limit (43.3 mg / day) of niacin intake, so that the result is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying this value.

[0116] Vitamin B6 It is advisable to take vitamin B6 in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily vitamin B6 intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin B6 are calculated as follows: The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" provides a recommended amount and a tolerable upper intake limit for vitamin B6 for people aged 18 to 64.

[0117] Here, the amount of the formulated diet in this embodiment is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of vitamin B6 contained in the formulated diet after the amount adjustment must be below the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized vitamin B6 amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized vitamin B6 amount among them is set as the upper intake limit of vitamin B6 for the formulated diet. Normalized vitamin B6 amount = tolerable upper intake of vitamin B6 × (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category) In addition, the lower limit of vitamin B6 intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of vitamin B6 for each category (1.4 mg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of vitamin B6.

[0118] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 years with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other categories, so the amount of vitamin B6 that can be included in the formula is the lowest at 29.75 mg / day (55 mg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, the upper intake limit for vitamin B6 in the formula is set at 29.75 mg. As a result, even if a user in the category of men aged 18-29 years with a physical activity level of III (high) consumes 3050 kcal / day of a 1650 kcal / day formula containing vitamin B6 below the upper intake limit (for example, 29.75 mg / day), their vitamin B6 intake will not exceed the tolerable upper limit of 55 mg / day.

[0119] As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin B6 to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower and upper intake limits for vitamin B6 (1.4 mg / day and 29.75 mg / day).

[0120] Vitamin B12 It is advisable to take vitamin B12 in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin B12 intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0121] Here, the lower intake limit of vitamin B12 is calculated as follows. The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" specifies the recommended amount of vitamin B12. In this embodiment, the maximum value of vitamin B12 in each category is set as the lower intake limit of the formulated diet so that all users can consume the recommended amount of vitamin B12. Note that the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount of vitamin B12 at 2.4 μg / day regardless of age, sex, or physical activity level, so the recommended amount of vitamin B12 becomes the lower intake limit of the formulated diet.

[0122] As another method of adjusting the amount of vitamin B12 to be ingested, it is preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to ensure that the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal is equal to or greater than the value multiplied by the above lower intake limit of vitamin B12 (2.4 μg / day).

[0123] Biotin It is advisable to take biotin in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily biotin intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in a prepared meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0124] Here, the lower intake limit of biotin is calculated as follows. The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" specifies the recommended amount of biotin. In this embodiment, the maximum recommended amount of biotin in each category is set as the lower intake limit of the modified diet so that all users can ingest the recommended amount of biotin. Note that the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount of biotin at 50 μg / day regardless of age, sex, or physical activity level, so the recommended amount of biotin becomes the lower intake limit of the modified diet.

[0125] As another adjustment method for the amount of biotin to be ingested, it is preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to ensure that the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components eaten by the above 1650 kcal is equal to or greater than the value multiplied by the above lower limit of biotin intake (50 μg / day).

[0126] Vitamin C It is advisable to take vitamin C in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin C intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0127] Here, the lower intake limit of vitamin C is calculated as follows. The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" specifies the recommended amount of vitamin C. In this embodiment, the maximum recommended amount of vitamin C in each category is set as the lower intake limit for a modified diet so that all users can consume the recommended amount of vitamin C. Note that the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount of vitamin C at 100 mg / day regardless of age, sex, or physical activity level, so the recommended amount of vitamin C becomes the lower intake limit for each modified diet.

[0128] As another adjustment method for the amount of vitamin C to be ingested, it is preferable to set the total number of calories designed to be ingested per day at 1650 kcal, which is the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and ensure that the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components eaten by the above 1650 kcal is equal to or greater than the value multiplied by the above lower limit of vitamin C intake (100 mg / day).

[0129] Pantothenic acid It is advisable to take pantothenic acid in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily pantothenic acid intake as follows, and ensure that the range is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal).

[0130] Here, the lower intake limit of pantothenic acid is calculated as follows. The recommended amount of pantothenic acid is specified in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," and is set at 5 to 6 mg / day depending on age, gender, and physical activity level. In this embodiment, the maximum recommended amount of pantothenic acid for each category (6 mg / day) is set as the lower intake limit of the formulated diet so that all users can ingest the recommended amount of pantothenic acid. This makes it possible for all users to ingest at least the recommended amount of pantothenic acid by consuming the formulated diet.

[0131] As another method of adjusting the amount of pantothenic acid to be ingested, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories ingested per day to 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and to divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower intake limit of pantothenic acid (6 mg / day), so that the value obtained is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying this by the above lower intake limit of pantothenic acid (6 mg / day).

[0132] 〇Folic acid It is advisable to take folic acid in a balanced manner, but it is preferable to set upper and lower limits for daily folic acid intake as follows, and to ensure that the upper and lower limits are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the number of calories ingested in the adjusted meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) eaten by the total number of calories designed to be ingested in a day (calorie intake rate for each meal). Here, the upper and lower intake limits of folic acid are calculated as follows. The "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets recommended and tolerable upper intake levels for folic acid for people aged 18 to 64.

[0133] In this embodiment, the amount of the prepared diet is adjusted according to the attributes of each user. Therefore, the amount of folic acid contained in the prepared diet after the adjustment must be lower than the dietary reference intake for the category with the highest estimated energy requirement. Therefore, the normalized folic acid amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the lowest normalized folic acid amount among them is set as the upper intake limit for folic acid in the prepared diet. Normalized folate intake = Tolerable Upper Intake of Folate × (Reference Energy Amount / Estimated Energy Requirement for Each Category) In addition, the lower limit of folic acid intake for the formulated diet is set at the maximum recommended amount of folic acid for each category (240 μg / day) so that all users can consume more than the recommended amount of folic acid.

[0134] In the example shown in Figure 1, the estimated energy requirement for men aged 18-29 with a physical activity level of III (high) is higher than for other groups, so the amount of folic acid that can be included in the formulated diet is the lowest at 486.9 μg / day (900 μg x 1650 kcal / 3050 kcal). Therefore, the upper limit for folic acid intake in the formulated diet is set at 486.9 μg / day. As a result, even if a male user aged 18 to 29 with a physical activity level of III (high) eats 3050 kcal / day of a 1650 kcal / day diet containing folic acid below the upper intake limit, his or her folic acid intake will not exceed the tolerable upper limit of 900 μg / day.

[0135] In the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," an upper limit is set only for the amount of pteroylmonoglutamic acid to be added, and this is also true in this embodiment. As another adjustment method, it is also preferable to set the total number of calories designed to be ingested per day as 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and then divide the number of calories ingested in meals (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) with adjusted nutritional components by the above 1650 kcal, and multiply the result by the above lower and upper intake limits for folic acid (240 μg / day and 486.9 μg / day).

[0136] In addition, it is desirable to rationally review the adjusted amounts of nutritional components in accordance with revisions to dietary reference intakes.

[0137] -Nutrient-adjusted meals- In order to adjust the nutritional components, the basic menu for breakfast, lunch, and dinner is to provide vegetables, grains, meat, fish, etc., and processed products thereof, cooked by baking, boiling, steaming, frying, etc., as needed, and seasoned with condiments as needed. In addition to this, it is of course possible to supplement the deficiencies of various nutrients by using nutritional supplements, food additives, functional ingredients, various salts, etc.

[0138] ─Continuous intake─ In the present invention, it is necessary to continuously ingest the above-mentioned vitamin- and mineral-adjusted formula. In the present invention, "continuous intake" refers to continuous intake of the formula for a predetermined period of time. Here, "continuously" can mean various aspects, for example, daily intake. Another example is intake only on weekdays of the week (excluding Saturdays and Sundays). Furthermore, it is also possible to take it on two days and not on the other day. In addition, intake every other day is also possible.

[0139] The frequency of intake of the formula food can be in the range of about 20 to 100%, preferably about 45 to 100%, and more preferably about 70 to 100%. Next, regarding the duration of continuation, if taking it daily, it is preferable to continue for at least 2 to 3 weeks. Also, if taking it continuously only on weekdays (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) it is preferable to continue for at least 3 weeks. There are various ways to take it, but it is preferable to continue taking it for at least 15 days, preferably at least 17 to 19 days. Furthermore, even if the days when intake is required are irregularly missed due to daily problems of the eater, it is of course possible as long as continuous intake can be achieved overall. In other words, it is sufficient that the person is recognized as having taken the above-mentioned modified diet for a specified period of time.

[0140] ─Improved health─ The improvement of health in this invention is defined as "health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being," as stated in the World Health Organization (WHO) Charter. Generally, the following are considered to be the conditions for an individual's health: being free from disease, having a good appetite and regular bowel movements, being energetic and not easily fatigued, getting enough sleep, having a strong resistance and not easily getting sick, having good posture and a balanced body, and normal growth.

[0141] Such health status is determined by various health indices, such as weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, blood glucose level, blood pressure, bone density, presenteeism, QOL, mood state, fatigue, stress, bowel movement status, intestinal flora, sleep status, average life expectancy, and prevalence of diseases. In particular, in the present invention, by continuously consuming a diet with adjusted nutritional components, it is possible to improve health status as determined by one or more health indices selected from blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, and intestinal flora diversity. [Example]

[0142] Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Test Method An open-label study was conducted on healthy adult men and women (age: 37.4±8.8 years) to examine the changes in physical condition and health awareness caused by consuming a "healthy meal" for breakfast and lunch that was an adjusted and combined blend of multiple nutrients believed to be beneficial to health, comparing them with those before and after consumption. The details are as follows: ─Subject─ The study involved 83 participants: 67 men and 16 women.

[0143] ─Duration of intake of nutritionally adjusted meals─ The intake period was 17 to 19 days (approximately 4 weeks). Furthermore, the intake of the nutritionally adjusted meals was limited to weekdays of the week, and meals were available ad libitum on weekends and holidays.

[0144] ─The timing of intake of nutritionally adjusted meals for three meals a day (breakfast, lunch, dinner)─ During the period when the subjects were required to eat three meals a day (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) with adjusted nutritional content, they were only allowed to eat breakfast and lunch, and other meals (dinner and snacks) were freely available. Five types of nutritionally adjusted meals were prepared for breakfast and 15 types for lunch. On days when the company cafeteria was open (business days), subjects were asked to choose one of the five options for breakfast, and for lunch, two options were provided in the cafeteria from the 15 options, and subjects were asked to choose one of them.

[0145] ─Test items and analysis subjects─ Only subjects who consumed 80% or more of the nutritionally adjusted diet during the intake period were included in the analysis. As a result, 75 subjects (62 men and 13 women) were analyzed. Analysis methods used were a paired t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a significance level of 0.05.

[0146] -Nutrient-adjusted meals- The dietary intake for each nutrient was adjusted as follows: The total calorie count for each breakfast and lunch meal varies depending on the menu of each adjusted meal, so we adjusted it for each menu as follows:

[0147] Energy Breakfast was adjusted to be approximately 280kcal to 340kcal, and lunch was adjusted to be approximately 460kcal to 540kcal.

[0148] PFC Balance Regarding PFC balance, the diet was adjusted to contain 13-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrates in terms of energy ratio, with each nutrient component adjusted.

[0149] ·protein As mentioned above, the number of calories ingested per day was set at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese aged 18 to 64 years in Figure 1 (women, 50 to 64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category). Each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower limits of protein intake mentioned above (82.5 g / day and 65 g / day).

[0150] Fat As mentioned above, the number of calories ingested per day was set at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower limits of lipid intake mentioned above (55.0 g / day and 36.7 g / day).

[0151] Next, it is preferable to set an upper intake limit for saturated fatty acids. As with lipids, each meal was adjusted so that it was within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper intake limit for saturated fatty acids mentioned above (12.8 g / day). Furthermore, it is preferable to set a lower intake limit for n-6 fatty acids. As with lipids, each meal was adjusted so that it was within a range equal to or greater than the value obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit (11 g / day) for n-6 fatty acids mentioned above. Furthermore, it is preferable to set a lower intake limit for n-3 fatty acids, and as with lipids, each meal was adjusted so that it was within a range equal to or greater than the value obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit of n-3 fatty acids mentioned above (2.2 g / day).

[0152] ·carbohydrates As mentioned above, the number of calories ingested per day was set at 1650 kcal, which corresponds to the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (women, 50-64 years old, physical activity level I (low) category), and each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower limits of protein intake mentioned above (268.1 g / day and 206.3 g / day). Next, as for dietary fiber, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it was within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit (21 g / day).

[0153] Minerals and vitamins Sodium (equivalent to salt) Regarding sodium (salt equivalent), each meal was adjusted so that the salt equivalent was 1.7g or less for breakfast and less than 3.0g for lunch.

[0154] ·calcium Regarding calcium, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower limits of calcium intake described above (1352.5 mg / day and 800 mg / day).

[0155] ·iron Regarding iron, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower iron intake limits described above (27.0 mg / day and 10.5 mg / day).

[0156] Phosphorus Regarding phosphorus, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower phosphorus intake limits described above (1623 mg / day and 1000 mg / day).

[0157] ·magnesium Regarding magnesium, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it was within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of magnesium intake (370 mg / day) described above.

[0158] ·potassium Regarding potassium, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted meal for breakfast and lunch was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of potassium intake (2500 mg / day) described above.

[0159] ·copper Regarding copper, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of copper described above (3.79 mg / day and 0.9 mg / day).

[0160] Iodine Regarding iodine, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower limits of iodine intake described above (1623 μg / day and 130 μg / day).

[0161] ·selenium Regarding selenium, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of selenium described above (243.4 μg / day and 30 μg / day).

[0162] ·zinc Regarding zinc, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower zinc intake limits described above (21.6 mg / day and 11 mg / day).

[0163] ·chromium Regarding chromium, each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits for chromium (270.5 μg / day and 10 μg / day) mentioned above.

[0164] ·manganese Regarding manganese, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of manganese described above (6.0 mg / day and 4.0 mg / day).

[0165] ·molybdenum Regarding molybdenum, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of molybdenum described above (324.6 μg / day and 30 μg / day).

[0166] Vitamin A For vitamin A, each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin A mentioned above (1460.7 μg RE / day and 900 μg RE / day).

[0167] Vitamin D Regarding vitamin D, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin D described above (54.1 μg / day and 8.5 μg / day).

[0168] Vitamin E Regarding vitamin E, each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin E mentioned above (459.8 mg / day and 7.0 mg / day).

[0169] Vitamin K Regarding vitamin K, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of vitamin K intake (150 μg / day) described above.

[0170] Vitamin B1 Regarding vitamin B1, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit of vitamin B1 (1.4 mg / day) described above.

[0171] Vitamin B2 Regarding vitamin B2, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit of vitamin B2 (1.6 mg / day) described above.

[0172] Niacin Regarding niacin, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of niacin mentioned above (43.3 mg / day and 15 mg NE / day).

[0173] Vitamin B6 Regarding vitamin B6, each meal was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake of each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of vitamin B6 mentioned above (29.75 mg / day and 1.4 mg / day).

[0174] Vitamin B12 Regarding vitamin B12, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit of vitamin B12 (2.4 μg / day) described above.

[0175] Biotin Regarding biotin, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of biotin intake (50 μg / day) described above.

[0176] Vitamin C Regarding vitamin C, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower limit of vitamin C intake (100 mg / day) described above.

[0177] Pantothenic acid Regarding pantothenic acid, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that the calorie intake for each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal was equal to or greater than the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the lower intake limit of pantothenic acid (6 mg / day) described above.

[0178] Folic acid Regarding folic acid, as described above, each meal was adjusted so that it fell within the range obtained by dividing the calorie intake in each adjusted breakfast and lunch meal by 1650 kcal and multiplying the result by the upper and lower intake limits of folic acid described above (486.9 μg / day and 240 μg / day).

[0179] Other matters The meals with the above-mentioned nutritional components adjusted are based on a menu of vegetables, grains, meat, fish, etc. and processed products thereof cooked by baking, boiling, steaming, frying, etc. as needed, and seasoned with condiments as needed, and in addition, nutritional supplements, food additives, functional ingredients, various salts, etc. are used to make up for deficiencies in various nutrients.

[0180] <Result> (1) Physical Measurements The results of physical measurements before and after continuing to consume the above-mentioned modified diet for a certain period of time are shown in Figure 2. Weight, BMI, and body fat percentage were significantly reduced compared to before the intake period.

[0181] (2)Blood neutral fats The results of the analysis of triglycerides in blood lipids before and after taking the above-mentioned modified diet for a certain period of time are shown in Figure 3 below. Blood triglycerides were significantly reduced compared to before the intake period. It is believed that the higher the triglyceride level, the greater the reduction. Note that the reference values ​​in Figure 3 above are 150 or higher, indicating hypertriglyceridemia, and 120-149, which is the high normal range.

[0182] (3) Blood metabolome analysis To analyze the blood metabolome before and after the subjects' continuous intake of the above-mentioned modified diet for a certain period of time, we used CE-TOFMS (capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry) to analyze metabolites in the subjects' blood (plasma), and compared the peak areas of 229 detected candidate compounds before and after the intake. Furthermore, among the compounds (40 compounds) that showed significant changes, we investigated those with evidence of effects on humans. As a result, as shown in Figure 4, 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) significantly decreased after the intake period. 8-OHdG is a compound with evidence as a marker of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Figure 4 shows relative areas.

[0183] (4) Blood pressure Blood pressure was measured before and after the subjects continued to take the above-mentioned modified diet for a certain period of time. The results are shown in Figure 5. A stratified analysis was also performed for the high blood pressure or higher group. In the group with high or higher blood pressure, systolic blood pressure tended to decrease and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly compared to before the intake period.

[0184] (5) Bone density Bone density was measured before and after the subjects continued to consume the above-mentioned formulated diet for a certain period of time. The results are shown in Figure 6. Bone density was measured using an AOS-100SA (Hitachi, Ltd.) by OSI (acoustic bone index). Compared to before the intake period, bone mineral density tended to increase overall, with a significant increase in men.

[0185] (6) Intestinal flora analysis The intestinal flora was analyzed before and after the subjects had taken the above-mentioned modified diet for a certain period of time. The results are shown in Figure 7. Improvements were observed in intestinal flora indicators, which are believed to have an impact on health. The prevalence and diversity score of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia increased significantly. In addition, the prevalence of Fusobacteria tended to decrease.

Claims

1. A modified diet containing 13-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrate in terms of energy ratio, and in which the nutritional components of protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals are adjusted to fall within a predetermined range, The modified diet is adjusted to satisfy the following (i) to (iii) for each of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate so that all users belonging to different categories of sex, age, and physical activity level can meet the Japanese dietary reference intakes: The method of use involves continuously ingesting the modified diet at least one or more meals selected from the three meals of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day, and the modified diet is intended to improve health status as determined by one or more health indicators selected from body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood triglycerides, bone density, presenteeism, oxidative stress markers, bowel movement frequency, and intestinal flora diversity. (i) Protein: The upper intake limit is the target upper limit of protein for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lower intake limit is the recommended amount with the highest protein value in the category to which each user belongs. The protein content of the formulated diet is within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the formulated diet by the total number of calories ingested per day; (ii) lipids: the upper intake limit is the target upper limit of lipids in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lower intake limit is the target lower limit of lipids in the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement, and the lipids in the modified diet are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the modified diet by the total number of calories ingested per day; (iii) Carbohydrates: The upper intake limit is the target upper limit of carbohydrates in the category with the lowest estimated required energy, and the lower intake limit is the target lower limit of carbohydrates in the category with the lowest estimated required energy. The carbohydrates in the adjusted diet are within the range of values ​​obtained by multiplying the upper intake limit and the lower intake limit by the value obtained by dividing the number of calories ingested in the adjusted diet by the total number of calories ingested in a day.

2. 2. The modified diet according to claim 1, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin B1 and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least Ca, Mg, and Fe.

3. 2. The modified diet according to claim 1, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, folic acid, and vitamin C, and the minerals include at least K, Ca, Mg, P, and Fe.

4. 4. The modified diet according to claim 1, wherein the lipids contain a predetermined amount or less of saturated fatty acids and predetermined amounts or more of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 ​​fatty acids.

5. The modified diet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the modified diet is continuously taken only on weekdays.

6. The modified diet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the modified diet is continuously taken for a period of at least 3 weeks or more.

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