Negative electrode composition, negative electrode and battery

Abstract

A negative electrode composition is provided. [Solution] The negative electrode composition includes composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The composition particles include a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which includes lithium and titanium. The dispersed particles include a structural element composite oxide, which includes a structural element, which includes tin and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. When certain conditions are met, the composition contributes to improving the safety, service life, stability, and capacity of the battery.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an anode composition, an anode, and a battery, and more particularly to an anode composition, an anode, and a battery that can improve the safety, service life, stability, and capacity of the battery. [Background technology]

[0002] Current battery research and development targets high energy density, high operating voltage, fast charging, and long cycle life. The most commonly used anode materials are carbon or graphite. However, during cycling at high currents, carbon or graphite, which has a mostly layered structure, cannot withstand the rapid insertion and removal of ions, leading to irreversible structural collapse and reduced capacity and shelf life. Furthermore, excessive current density can easily cause polarization, where lithium ions are reduced to lithium metal on the electrode surface, forming lithium dendrites, which can lead to short circuits within the battery and raise safety concerns. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Furthermore, since the theoretical energy density of graphite is far below the power requirements of large-scale power devices such as electric vehicles, the introduction of silicon-based materials with high energy density as new anode materials has become a trend in the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, research has shown that when batteries with silicon-based materials undergo repeated charge-discharge cycles, lithium ions repeatedly enter and exit the silicon-based material, causing excessive volume changes and even causing material destruction, which severely affects the structural stability of the anode and significantly reduces the battery's service life. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present disclosure applies a composition comprising a lithium-titanium composite oxide and various structural element composite oxides to an anode material. The uniform distribution of the structural element composite oxides around the lithium-titanium composite oxide not only simplifies the manufacturing process but also contributes to improving the structural stability and energy density of the anode composition. The lithium-titanium composite oxide and the structural element composite oxide are composed in an appropriate ratio, contributing to improving the charge / discharge efficiency and energy density of the battery. The anode composition is an oxide, and its high heat resistance contributes to improving the safety and service life of the battery in high-temperature environments. The anode composition exhibits small crystal volume changes and high mechanical stability during the redox process, allowing it to accommodate high current densities and maintain the integrity of the overall structure, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced battery cycle life due to structural damage. The multiple oxides in the anode composition have similar redox potentials, which allows for more uniform formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during the charge / discharge process. This not only mitigates the problems of capacity loss due to lithium ion consumption and increased overall battery impedance, but also prevents the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving battery safety during use.

[0005] The present disclosure provides an anode composition comprising composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The composition particles comprise a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which comprises lithium and titanium. The dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide, which comprises a structural element, which comprises tin and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The weight ratio of the composition particles to the anode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the anode composition is pWd, satisfying the condition 0.10≦pWd / pWlt≦3.00.

[0006] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a negative electrode comprising the above-described negative electrode composition and a conductive additive.

[0007] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a battery including the above-described negative electrode.

[0008] The present disclosure provides a negative electrode composition comprising composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The composition particles comprise a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which comprises lithium and titanium. The dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide, which comprises a structural element, which comprises tin and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The observed particle diameter of the composition particles is SDlt, which satisfies the condition 0.50 μm≦SDlt≦50.00 μm.

[0009] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a negative electrode comprising the above-described negative electrode composition.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a battery including the above-described negative electrode. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] The following description of the accompanying drawings will make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible. [Figure 1] 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a component particle in the battery of the first comparative example. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram when the battery of the second comparative example is discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 3A] 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a component particle in the battery of Example 1. [Figure 3B] 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of the first example. [Figure 3C] FIG. 2 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 3D] 1 is a third derivative profile of a charging curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 3E]1 is a third derivative profile of a discharge curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 3F] FIG. 1 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the first embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the second embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the third embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the fourth embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the fifth embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the sixth embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the seventh embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the eighth embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the ninth embodiment discharged at a current of 1 C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a negative electrode composition is provided, which includes composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The composition particles include a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which includes lithium and titanium. The dispersed particles include a structural element composite oxide, which includes a structural element, including tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. This disclosure applies a composition comprising a lithium-titanium composite oxide and various structural element composite oxides to a negative electrode material. The uniform distribution of the structural element composite oxides around the lithium-titanium composite oxide not only simplifies the process but also contributes to improving the structural stability and energy density of the negative electrode composition. The lithium-titanium composite oxide and the structural element composite oxides are composed in an appropriate ratio, contributing to improving the charge / discharge efficiency and energy density of the battery. The negative electrode composition is an oxide, and its high heat resistance contributes to improving the safety and service life of the battery in high-temperature environments. The negative electrode composition exhibits small crystal volume changes and high mechanical stability during the redox process, allowing it to accommodate high current densities and maintain the integrity of its overall structure, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced battery cycle life due to structural damage. The similar redox potentials of the multiple oxides in the negative electrode composition facilitate more uniform formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during charging and discharging, thereby mitigating the problems of capacity loss due to lithium ion consumption and increased overall battery impedance, as well as preventing the formation of lithium dendrites and enhancing battery safety during use. Compared to single-element oxides, the multi-element composite oxides, with their diverse elements and similar redox potentials, offer application advantages such as more abundant redox reactions, higher electrochemical activity, and higher electrical conductivity, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0013] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the component particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, and the condition 0.10≦pWd / pWlt≦3.00 is satisfied. Combining the component particles and dispersed particles in an appropriate ratio contributes to improving the charge / discharge efficiency and energy density of the battery. Alternatively, the condition 0.30≦pWd / pWlt≦1.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.35≦pWd / pWlt≦0.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.15≦pWd / pWlt≦2.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.20≦pWd / pWlt≦2.00 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.35≦pWd / pWlt≦1.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.38≦pWd / pWlt≦1.30 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.40≦pWd / pWlt≦1.20 can be satisfied.

[0014] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the observed particle diameter of the composition particles, SDlt, satisfies the condition 0.50 μm≦SDlt≦50.00 μm. Maintaining an appropriate particle diameter of the lithium-titanium composite oxide not only maintains the integrity of the overall structure but also prevents defects and fractures in the lithium-titanium composite oxide, contributing to improved capacity retention and excellent cycle life. Alternatively, the condition 1.00 μm≦SDlt≦30.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.75 μm≦SDlt≦40.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 2.00 μm≦SDlt≦25.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 3.00 μm≦SDlt≦20.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 4.00 μm≦SDlt≦15.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 4.50 μm≦SDlt≦12.00 μm can be satisfied.

[0015] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the observed particle diameter of the dispersed particles, SDd, can satisfy the condition 0.01 μm≦SDd≦5.00 μm. Maintaining an appropriate particle diameter of the dispersed particles not only improves the dispersibility of the dispersed particles but also contributes to improving the energy density. Alternatively, the condition 0.05 μm≦SDd≦3.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.10 μm≦SDd≦2.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.15 μm≦SDd≦1.00 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.20 μm≦SDd≦0.80 μm can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.22 μm≦SDd≦0.75 μm can be satisfied.

[0016] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the structural elements include tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper. Because the structural element composite oxide is composed of at least three specific elements, the multi-element oxide composition has more diverse redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity than single-element oxides.

[0017] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the structural elements include tin and iron, and further include at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper. The use of a specific ternary complex oxide as one of the materials in the negative electrode composition allows for a higher current density while maintaining the integrity of the overall structure, contributing to an improvement in the cycle life of the battery.

[0018] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, the negative electrode composition has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.10 V to 4.00 V. When the negative electrode composition has oxidation peaks or reduction peaks in the voltage range, more abundant redox reactions are possible, which contributes to improving the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0019] In the negative electrode composition according to the present disclosure, when the average observed particle diameter of the constituent particles is aSDlt and the average observed particle diameter of the dispersed particles is aSDd, the condition 0.10≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.50 is satisfied. Having an appropriate size ratio between the particle diameters of the constituent particles and the dispersed particles contributes to more uniform dispersion of the dispersed particles and an increased contact area with the constituent particles. Alternatively, the condition 0.20≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.30≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.20 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.40≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.00 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.45≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦0.95 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.50≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦0.85 can be satisfied.

[0020] Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising the above-described negative electrode composition and a conductive additive.

[0021] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the negative electrode composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, and the weight ratio of the conductive additive to the negative electrode material is pWc, and the condition 2.80≦pWo / pWc≦3.80 can be satisfied. Having an appropriate weight ratio between the negative electrode composition and the conductive additive contributes to maintaining a balance between improved energy density and electrical conductivity. Alternatively, the condition 2.90≦pWo / pWc≦3.70 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 3.00≦pWo / pWc≦3.60 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 3.10≦pWo / pWc≦3.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 3.15≦pWo / pWc≦3.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 3.20≦pWo / pWc≦3.30 can be satisfied.

[0022] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.50 V. When the negative electrode material has oxidation peaks or reduction peaks in the voltage range, it has more abundant redox reactions, which contributes to improving the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0023] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.50 V to 1.80 V. By analyzing the negative electrode material to have multiple reduction peaks during the discharge process, it provides higher electrochemical activity and contributes to improved capacity during discharge.

[0024] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks in the voltage range of 1.30 V to 2.50 V, and the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.50 V to 1.80 V. By analyzing the negative electrode material to have multiple oxidation peaks during charging and multiple reduction peaks during discharging, higher electrochemical activity is provided, contributing to an improvement in capacity retention.

[0025] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the at least two oxidation peaks in the negative electrode material include a first oxidation peak, and the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, and the condition 1.40V≦Vo1≦2.00V is satisfied. Analyzing the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material contributes to the analysis of elements that undergo optimal oxidation reactions and the valence transformation process in the oxidation process, and supports the setting of an optimal charging operation range. Alternatively, the condition 1.45V≦Vo1≦1.90V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.50V≦Vo1≦1.85V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.55V≦Vo1≦1.80V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.58V≦Vo1≦1.78V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.60V≦Vo1≦1.75V is satisfied.

[0026] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the at least two oxidation peaks in the negative electrode material include a second oxidation peak, and the voltage of the second oxidation peak is Vo2, and the condition 1.50 V≦Vo2≦2.50 V can be satisfied. Analyzing the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material contributes to understanding the electrochemical reaction of the negative electrode material and influences subsequent battery design optimization. Alternatively, the condition 1.60 V≦Vo2≦2.40 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.70 V≦Vo2≦2.30 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.75 V≦Vo2≦2.20 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.80 V≦Vo2≦2.10 V can be satisfied.

[0027] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak, and the voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1, and the condition 0.50 V≦Vr1≦2.00 V can be satisfied. Analysis of the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material contributes to evaluation of battery performance, including reduction efficiency during discharge and energy density during discharge. Alternatively, the condition 0.60 V≦Vr1≦1.80 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.70 V≦Vr1≦1.70 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.80 V≦Vr1≦1.60 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.85 V≦Vr1≦1.55 V can be satisfied.

[0028] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a second reduction peak, and the voltage of the second reduction peak is Vr2, which satisfies the condition 0.50 V≦Vr2≦2.00 V. Analyzing the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material allows the reduction efficiency of the multi-element oxide to be evaluated, contributing to improved energy density and cycle stability during discharge. Alternatively, the condition 0.60 V≦Vr2≦1.80 V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.70 V≦Vr2≦1.70 V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.80 V≦Vr2≦1.60 V is satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.85 V≦Vr2≦1.55 V is satisfied.

[0029] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak and a first reduction peak in a voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.50 V, the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, the voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1, and the condition 0.05 V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦1.50 V can be satisfied. Reducing the difference between the voltage of the first oxidation peak and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material contributes to increasing the reversibility of the electrochemical redox reaction. Alternatively, the condition 0.06 V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦1.30 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.07 V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦1.20 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.08 V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦1.10 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.09 V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦1.00 V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.10V≦|Vo1−Vr1|≦0.90V can be satisfied.

[0030] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Vo1, the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Vo2, and the condition 0.05V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.60V can be satisfied. Having the two oxidation peaks at similar voltages contributes to reducing the problem of increased impedance after multiple charge / discharge cycles of the battery. Alternatively, the condition 0.06V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.55V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.07V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.50V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.08V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.48V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.09V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.45V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.10V≦|Vo1−Vo2|≦0.42V can be satisfied.

[0031] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Vr1, the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Vr2, and the condition 0.20V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦1.00V can be satisfied. Having the two reduction peaks at similar voltages contributes to more uniform formation of the SEI film and extending the battery life. Alternatively, the condition 0.25V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦0.90V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.30V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦0.85V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.35V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦0.80V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.40V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦0.75V can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.45V≦|Vr1−Vr2|≦0.70V can be satisfied.

[0032] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ir1, the peak value of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ir2, and the condition -1.50≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦1.50 can be satisfied. Having corresponding peak values ​​for the two reduction peaks provides corresponding redox efficiency during charge and discharge, contributing to a reduction in the capacity fade rate of the battery. Alternatively, the condition -1.00≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦1.20 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition -0.80≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦1.00 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition -0.50≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦0.90 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition -0.40≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦0.80 can be satisfied, or the condition -0.30≦(Ir1−Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦0.75 can be satisfied.

[0033] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the density of the negative electrode material is DSan and is 0.50 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.80g / cm 3The anode material having an appropriate density contributes to improving the energy density of the battery. 3 ≦DSan≦1.60g / cm 3 Or, 0.65g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.50g / cm 3 Or, 0.70 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.40g / cm 3 Or, 0.75 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.30g / cm 3 Or, 0.78 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.25g / cm 3 The condition can be satisfied.

[0034] In the negative electrode according to the present disclosure, the thickness of the negative electrode material is THaN, and the electrical resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, and the following conditions can be satisfied: 1.0 μm≦THaN≦70.0 μm, and 0.30 mΩ≦Ran≦10.00 mΩ. By maintaining the thickness of the negative electrode material within an appropriate range, its electrical resistance also satisfies an appropriate range, contributing to maintaining the cycle stability of the battery. Alternatively, the following conditions can be satisfied: 3.0 μm≦THaN≦60.0 μm, and 0.50 mΩ≦Ran≦8.00 mΩ. Alternatively, the following conditions can be satisfied: 5.0 μm≦THaN≦50.0 μm, and 0.80 mΩ≦Ran≦6.00 mΩ. Alternatively, the following conditions can be satisfied: 8.0 μm≦THaN≦40.0 μm, and 1.00 mΩ≦Ran≦4.00 mΩ. Alternatively, the conditions 10.0 μm≦THan≦30.0 μm and 1.10 mΩ≦Ran≦3.00 mΩ can be satisfied, or the conditions 12.0 μm≦THan≦20.0 μm and 1.20 mΩ≦Ran≦2.50 mΩ can be satisfied.

[0035] Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery including the above-described negative electrode.

[0036] In the battery according to the present disclosure, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V100, and the condition 0.50≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.80 can be satisfied. Comparing the difference between the capacity at the 10th cycle of the battery and the capacity after a number of short-term cycles contributes to reducing the capacity fade rate of the battery. Alternatively, the condition 0.60≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.60 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.70≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.80≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.90≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.30 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 1.00≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.25 can be satisfied.

[0037] In the battery according to the present disclosure, the discharge volume capacity at the 10th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V10, and the discharge volume capacity at the 400th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V400, and the condition 0.85≦C1V400 / C1V10≦2.00 can be satisfied. Comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle and the intermediate cycle number of the battery contributes to enhancing the durability of the battery. Alternatively, the condition 0.87≦C1V400 / C1V10≦1.80 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.88≦C1V400 / C1V10≦1.60 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.89≦C1V400 / C1V10≦1.50 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.90≦C1V400 / C1V10≦1.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.92≦C1V400 / C1V10≦1.35 can be satisfied.

[0038] In the battery according to the present disclosure, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity at the 800th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V800, and the condition 0.70≦C1V800 / C1V10≦2.50 can be satisfied. Comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle of the battery and after a number of long-term cycles contributes to extending the battery's life. Alternatively, the condition 0.75≦C1V800 / C1V10≦2.30 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.80≦C1V800 / C1V10≦2.10 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.85≦C1V800 / C1V10≦2.00 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.90≦C1V800 / C1V10≦1.90 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.95≦C1V800 / C1V10≦1.80 can be satisfied.

[0039] The negative electrode composition described herein may have a pore structure on the surface of the composition particles, and the dispersed particles may be located within the pore structure on the surface of the composition particles. The negative electrode composition is formed by adding the composition particles and the dispersed particles to a solution to form a colloidal solution. Taking advantage of the fact that the particle diameter of the composition particles is significantly larger than that of the dispersed particles, the dispersed particles are densely distributed around the composition particles to form the negative electrode composition. Furthermore, a binder may be added to the colloidal solution, which contributes to increasing the coverage of the dispersed particles around the composition particles. Furthermore, by adjusting the electrolyte added to the solution or the pH value of the solution, the electrical properties and charge amount of the composition particles or the dispersed particles can be changed. The composition particles and the dispersed particles can have different electrical properties, which can cause them to attract each other in the solution.

[0040] The composition particles described in the present disclosure may include niobium titanium composite oxide, lithium titanium composite oxide, or niobium vanadium composite oxide.

[0041] The dispersed particles described herein may be a mixed material, and the mixed material may include a structural element oxide, a tin-based alloy, a modified silicon material, a carbon-based material, a lithium-containing metal compound, a lithium-containing metal oxide, metallic lithium, or a combination thereof, where the structural element oxide may include a structural element complex oxide and a structural element mixed oxide, and the modified silicon material may include a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material.

[0042] The active materials described in the present disclosure can be shown to participate in oxidation-reduction reactions within the operating voltage range of a battery. Differential Capacity Analysis (DCA) of constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curves can be used to determine whether a material is an active material. If the material being measured is an active material, it will have an oxidation peak or a reduction peak within the operating voltage range.

[0043] The niobium titanium composite oxide of the present disclosure may include an undoped niobium titanium composite oxide and a doped niobium titanium composite oxide. The undoped niobium titanium composite oxide contains at least niobium, titanium, and oxygen, and the niobium titanium composite oxide contains a plurality of compounds and can be further represented by the following chemical formula: Ti x Nb y O z , However, z≦4x+5y, e.g., TiNb2O7, Ti2Nb 10 O 29 , TiNbO 37 , and TiNb 24 O 62 The crystal structure of the niobium titanium composite oxide may be cubic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, ReO3-type lattice, layered structure, or the like. The doped niobium titanium composite oxide can be selected by doping at least one compound in the above-mentioned undoped niobium titanium composite oxide with at least one doping element, and can be further represented by the following chemical formula: Ti (x-a) M1aNb(y-b) M2 b O (z-c) M3 c 、 However, M1, M2, and M3 are doping elements, where 0 ≦ a < x, 0 ≦ b < y, 0 ≦ c < z. By adjusting the doping element or the doping ratio, the structural change can be induced. Furthermore, at least one auxiliary material can be selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the niobium titanium composite oxide.

[0044] The lithium titanium composite oxide of the present disclosure may include undoped lithium titanium composite oxide and doped lithium titanium composite oxide. The composition components of the undoped lithium titanium composite oxide include at least lithium element, titanium element, and oxygen element. The lithium titanium composite oxide includes various compounds such as Li4Ti5O 12 , LiTi2O4, Li2Ti3O7, and Li2TiO3. The doped lithium titanium composite oxide is obtained by doping at least one doping element into at least one compound selected from the above undoped lithium titanium composite oxide. By adjusting the doping element or the doping ratio, the structural change can be induced. Furthermore, at least one auxiliary material can be selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the lithium titanium composite oxide.

[0045] The doping element of the present disclosure may be selected from any of Groups IA, IIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IB, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, and VIIA, and may further be selected from at least one of lithium, boron, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, arsenic, bromine, zirconium, molybdenum, antimony, iodine, tantalum, tungsten, and bismuth. Selecting and doping with a highly conductive or light element increases the conductivity of the doped niobium-titanium composite oxide and the doped lithium-titanium composite oxide, contributing to enhancing the fast charging performance and improving the energy density of the battery.

[0046] The structural elements of the present disclosure are metal elements or metalloid elements, and the metal elements may be selected from any of Groups IA, IIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, and IVA, and the metal elements may further be selected from magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, niobium, and tin. The metalloid elements may include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, and the metalloid elements may further be selected from boron, silicon, and germanium.

[0047] The structural element composite oxide of the present disclosure may contain a compound formed from at least two structural elements, and is, for example, a lithium-titanium composite oxide, a niobium-titanium composite oxide, a cobalt-copper composite oxide, a cobalt-tin composite oxide, a cobalt-silicon composite oxide, a cobalt-iron composite oxide, a cobalt-manganese composite oxide, a cobalt-nickel composite oxide, a copper-tin composite oxide, a copper-silicon composite oxide, a copper-iron composite oxide, a copper-manganese composite oxide, a copper-nickel composite oxide, a tin-silicon composite oxide, a tin-iron composite oxide, a tin-manganese composite oxide, a tin-nickel composite oxide, a silicon-iron composite oxide, a silicon-manganese composite oxide, a silicon-nickel composite oxide, an iron-manganese composite oxide, an iron-nickel composite oxide, or a manganese-nickel composite oxide. To further explain, the structural element complex oxide may include a compound formed from at least three structural elements, and the structural elements may further include at least three selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, niobium, and tin. The structural elements may further include tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The structural elements may further include tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper. The structural elements may further include tin and iron and at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper. Examples of the structural element composite oxide include, but are not limited to, tin-cobalt-copper composite oxide, tin-nickel-copper composite oxide, tin-manganese-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, tin-cobalt-copper composite oxide, tin-iron-aluminum composite oxide, tin-iron-silicon composite oxide, tin-iron-chromium composite oxide, tin-iron-manganese composite oxide, tin-iron-cobalt composite oxide, and tin-iron-nickel composite oxide.

[0048] The structural element mixed oxide of the present disclosure may contain structural elements.To further explain, the structural element mixed oxide may be a mixture formed by at least two oxides containing structural elements, for example, a mixture formed by tin oxide and nickel oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and manganese oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and lithium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and tin oxide, or a mixture formed by silicon oxide and iron oxide. To explain further, the mixed oxide of structural elements is a mixture formed of at least three oxides containing structural elements, such as a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and silicon oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and chromium oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and manganese oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, copper oxide, and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, copper oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture formed of tin oxide, copper oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture formed of silicon oxide, chromium oxide, and manganese oxide, and a mixture formed of silicon oxide, copper oxide, and manganese oxide.

[0049] Tin-based alloys described herein may include tin-phosphorus alloys, tin-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony alloys, tin-cobalt-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony-sulfur alloys, and tin-copper-phosphorus alloys.

[0050] The modified silicon material described herein may comprise a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material. The silicon-based material may form a mixture with the auxiliary material, form a chemical bond with the auxiliary material, or form a membrane layer structure with the auxiliary material. More specifically, the auxiliary material may be a polymer, and the polymer may form a membrane layer structure on the outer periphery of the silicon-based material by chemical bonding or physical mixing. The polymer may be polymerized from at least two monomers, and the at least two monomers may include a first monomer and a second monomer. The first monomer contains a siloxane group, and the second monomer contains a carboxyl group or an ester group. The first monomer is closer to the silicon-based material than the second monomer. The first monomer contains an unsaturated alkenyl group or an acrylate group, and the second monomer contains an unsaturated alkenyl group or an acrylate group, thereby forming a polymer through covalent bonding via addition polymerization and copolymerization. By further adding a crosslinking agent to the polymer, the linear polymers can be crosslinked by bonding to each other to form a network structure.

[0051] The silicon-based materials described in this disclosure may be silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbon composites, silicon alloys. The particle size at D50 of the silicon-based material is sD50, and can satisfy the condition of 10.0nm≦sD50≦10,000.0nm, and can also satisfy the conditions of 10.0nm≦sD50≦3,000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦2,000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦1,000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦500.0nm, 20.0nm≦sD50≦400.0nm, 30.0nm≦sD50≦300.0nm, 40.0nm≦sD50≦250.0nm, 50.0nm≦sD50≦200.0nm, 60.0nm≦sD50≦150.0nm, or 70.0nm≦sD50≦100.0nm. The sD50 may be 20 nm, 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 800 nm, 1000 nm, 1500 nm, 2000 nm, 2500 nm or 3000 nm.

[0052] The carbon active material described in this disclosure may be graphite, graphene, carbon microspheres, hard carbon, or soft carbon.

[0053] The first monomer described in the present disclosure contains at least one alkenyl group (-C=C-), carbonyl group (-C=O), carboxyl group (-COOH), amide group (-CONH2), or silyl enol ether (SEN).The silanoxy compound (Siloxy) may be a silanoxy compound containing ether, such as ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane, ethenyl(triethoxy)silane, ethenyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane, 2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl-trimethoxysilane, [2-hydroxy-3-[3-[methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propoxy]propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-[dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, and the like. [Dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-[Methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, N-Prop-2-enyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine, (3-Isocyanatopropyl)-triethoxysilane, 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, and vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane silanol terminated copolymer. The siloxy compound may further have the following structure, for example, but not limited to: (R)3-Si-(CH2)n -X-(CH2) m -A、 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a silanoxy group; X is a methyl group or an oxy group; A is selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an acrylate group, and a methacrylate group; and n and m satisfy the condition 0≦n+m≦10.Silanoxy compounds include methacryloylmethyltrimethoxysilane (Triethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), methacryloylethyltrimethoxysilane (2-Trimethylsilyloxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), methacryloylpropyltrimethoxysilane (3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; MPS), methacryloylbutyltrimethoxysilane (4-Trimethoxysilylbutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), methacryloylpentyltrimethoxysilane (5-Trimethoxysilylpentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), methacryloylhexyltrimethoxysilane (6-Trimethoxysilylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), and methacryloylheptyltrimethoxysilane (7-Trimethoxysilylheptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 8-Trimethoxysilyloctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 9-Trimethoxysilylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 10-Trimethoxysilyldecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 3-Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate.Silanoxy compounds form active silanol groups (Si-OH) through a hydrolysis reaction, and can then undergo a condensation reaction with silicon-based materials (especially those with a silicon oxide layer formed on their surface by an oxidizing agent) to form siloxane compounds with a silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) structure. However, the oxidizing agent oxidizes the silicon-hydrogen bonds (Si-H) on the surface of the silicon-based material to silanol groups (Si-OH), or oxidizes the silicon to silicon dioxide, contributing to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the silicon-based material.

[0054] The second monomer described in the present disclosure may contain a carboxyl group or an ester group, and examples thereof include dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; DMAEMA), methyl methacrylate (Methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; MMA), methyl acrylate (Methyl prop-2-enoate; MA), isooctyl acrylate (2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate; 2EHA), acrylic acid (Prop-2-enoic acid; AA), isobutyl methacrylate (2-Methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; IBMA), benzyl methacrylate (Benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; BZMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (Oxolan-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate; THFA), and ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate (2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate (EDGA), dodecyl acrylate (Dodecyl prop-2-enoate (LA)), or a combination of the above monomers.

[0055] The crosslinking agent described in the present disclosure can bond linear polymers to each other to form a network structure, and may be a compound having a terminally unsaturated vinyl group (terminally ethylenically unsaturated compound), such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid; EDTA), ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (Ethoxylated-9 trimethylolpropane triacrylate;TMP9EOTA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), allyl methacrylate (Prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,3-propanediol dimethacrylate (3-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 2,3-propanediol dimethacrylate ([2-Methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy) propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (4-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (6-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate);

[0056] The silicon carbon composites described in this disclosure may include a silicon-coated carbon shell film layer structure, a silicon carbon yolk-shell structure, and a porous structure. The silicon-coated carbon shell film layer structure is formed by coating a carbon shell on the outside of a silicon material using oxygen-free high-temperature pyrolysis. The silicon carbon yolk-shell structure is formed by generating silicon oxide on the silicon surface, coating the outside of the silicon material with a single carbon shell using oxygen-free high-temperature pyrolysis, then removing the silicon oxide using hydrofluoric acid (HF), and pulverizing the silicon particles into fine nanoparticles. The porous structure is formed by forming a silicon carbide ceramic porous material using a material with a low self-diffusion coefficient or by adding a foaming agent and carbonizing the intermediate product using sintering or electrochemical corrosion.

[0057] The carbon-based materials described herein are formed by carbonizing a carbon-containing precursor through heat treatment, and the carbon-containing precursor may include an organic compound, which may further include a sugar, an asphalt, or an organic polymer.

[0058] The carbon conductive material described in the present disclosure may be graphite, carbon microbeads, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, Ketjenblack, carbon black (Super P), or carbon nanotubes (CNT).

[0059] The negative electrode materials described in this disclosure may include a negative electrode composition and a supplemental material.

[0060] The auxiliary materials described in this disclosure may include polymers, metals, alloys, non-metal oxides, metal oxides, fluorides, organic compounds, binders, conductive aids, or additives.

[0061] The binder described herein may be polyvinylidene fluoride (Poly(1,1-difluoroethylene; PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber (Styrene-butadiene rubber; SBR), polyethylene (Poly(methylene; PE), polyvinyl alcohol (Poly(Ethenol; PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Poly(1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; PVP), polypropylene (Poly(1-methylethylene; PP), polyacrylonitrile (Poly(1-acrylonitrile; PAN), carboxymethyl cellulose (Carboxymethyl cellulose; CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (Poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene; PTFE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer; EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (Hypalon Polyethlene Rubber; CSM), or alginic acid produced by linear polymerization of monosaccharide uronic acid.

[0062] The conductive additive described in the present disclosure may be graphite, conductive graphite, graphene, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon microbeads, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium dioxide, potassium titanate fiber (potassium hexatitanate; PHT), or a combination thereof.

[0063] The negative electrode pieces described in this disclosure can use methods such as single or double layer coating, vacuum deposition, or composite construction.

[0064] The positive electrode material described herein may be lithium or a lithium composite metal oxide containing at least one metal, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO, LiMnO), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNiCoO), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNiMnO), lithium manganese cobalt oxide (LiCoMnO, LiCoMnO), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiCoMnO, LiNiCoMnO), or a combination thereof, and the lithium composite metal oxide may include multiple different oxidation states.

[0065] The electrolyte described in the present disclosure is composed of metal salts, additives, organic solvents, etc., and the composition ratio of the organic solvent is greater than the composition ratio of the additives. The electrolyte may be in a liquid, gel, or solid state. The additives and organic solvents as the electrolyte may be physically miscible, or at least one of the following additives or organic solvent monomers may be selected as a polymerization precursor.

[0066] The metal salts described herein may be inorganic lithium salts such as LiPF, LiBF, LiSbF, LiAsF, LiClO, LiCBO, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO, LiGaCl, fluorine-containing lithium sulfonic acids such as LiCFSO, LiN(CFS0), LiN(CFSO), LiC(CFSO), LiBF(CO)(LiDFOB), LiB(CO)(LiBOB), or combinations thereof, and the metal salts may include multiple different oxidation states.

[0067] The organic solvents described herein may be carbonates, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, sulfur-containing compounds, or combinations thereof, although the above organic solvents may also be used as additives.

[0068] The additives described in the present disclosure may be carbonate compounds, lactides, ether group-containing cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, inorganic oxides, or combinations thereof, and adding an appropriate amount of additive contributes to improving battery performance, such as improving the SEI film composition, improving high-temperature and high-voltage performance, improving ion conduction capacity, reducing electrolyte impedance, improving cycle stability, stabilizing the integrity of positive and negative electrode materials, and improving electrochemical stability.

[0069] The organic solvents described in the present disclosure contain polymerizable olefin groups in their structure and may be used as monomers for the second structure precursor, such as vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC), vinylethylene carbonate (4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene carbonate; VEC), vinylene trisulfide carbonate (1,3-dithiole-2-thione; Vinylene trithiocarbonate), cyclobutene sulfone (2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide), divinyl sulfone (1-ethenylsulfonylethene), propene-1,3-sultone, ether group-containing cyclic compound additives, or aromatic compound additives.

[0070] The carbonate organic solvents (carbonate esters) described herein may be compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups in a carbon acid molecule are partially or completely substituted with alkyl groups, and can be classified into cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. Linear carbonates may include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC), etc.Cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; Ethylene carbonate; EC), propylene carbonate (4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Propylene carbonate; PC), trimethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxan-2-one; Trimethylene carbonate; TMC), 1,2-butylene carbonate (4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene carbonate), 2,3-butylene carbonate ((4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate), 1,2-pentylene carbonate (1,2-Pentylene carbonate), and 2,3-pentylene carbonate (2,3-Pentylene carbonate). The polymer may include vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC), vinylethylene carbonate (4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene carbonate; VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (Trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Difluoroethylene carbonate; DFEC), vinylene trisulfide carbonate (1,3-Dithiole-2-thione; Vinylene trithiocarbonate), or a combination thereof.

[0071] The carboxylic acid ester organic solvent described in the present disclosure is obtained by an esterification reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, and may be methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, lactone, or a combination thereof, where the lactone can be further explained as containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, and a compound having a hydroxy group and a carboxylic acid undergoes intramolecular condensation to form a cyclic carboxylic acid ester monomer. There are various combinations based on the position of the hydroxy group forming the ring and the number of carbon atoms in the ring, and these may include α-acetolactone (Oxiran-2-one; α-acetolactone), β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one; β-propiolactone), γ-butyrolactone (Oxolan-2-one; γ-butyrolactone), γ-valerolactone (5-methyloxolan-2-one; γ-valerolactone), σ-valerolactone (Oxan-2-one; σ-valerolactone), γ-caprolactone (5-ethyloxolan-2-one; γ-caprolactone), ε-caprolactone (Oxepan-2-one; ε-caprolactone), δ-gluconolactone (D-glucono-1,5-lactone; δ-gluconolactone), or combinations thereof.

[0072] The ether organic solvent described in the present disclosure may be tetrahydrofuran (oxolane; THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-methyloxolane; 2-MeTHF), 1,3-dioxolane (1,3-dioxolane; DOL), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (4-MeDOL), dimethoxymethane (dimethoxymethane; DMM), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-dimethoxyethane; DME), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (2,2-dimethoxypropane; DMP), 1,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane (1,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane; DENE), diglycol dimethyl ether (1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane; DG), or a combination thereof.

[0073] The sulfur-containing organic solvents described in this disclosure can be classified into sulfonyl group-containing compounds (-(O=)S(=O)-) and sulfonate ester compounds (-SO2O-). Sulfonyl group-containing compounds may include cyclobutene sulfone (2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) and divinyl sulfone (1-ethenylsulfonylethene). The sulfonate ester compounds can be further subdivided into mesylate (CHSO-), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CFSO-), and p-toluenesulfonate (p-toluenesulfonyl group; Tosyl), and may include ethyl mesylate (1-methylsulfonyloxyethane), methyl p-toluenesulfonate (methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate), 1,3-propanesultone (oxathiolane 2,2-dione), propene-1,3-sultone, 1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate (1,3,2-dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide), or combinations thereof.

[0074] The lactone cyclic ester additive described in the present disclosure may be a polycyclic diester monomer formed by esterification condensation of two identical or different compounds that both contain a hydroxy acid. This may include glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; Glycolide), lactide (3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; Lactide), or a combination thereof. As stereoisomers formed based on differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms, lactide can be further subdivided into LL-lactide ((R,R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; LL-lactide), DD-lactide ((S,S)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DD-lactide), and DL-lactide ((meso)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DL-lactide). Alternatively, it may include a hydroxy group-containing carboxylic acid compound that can be directly copolymerized to form a polymer without undergoing a ring-opening reaction, such as 2-hydroxyacetic acid (glycolic acid), 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid), 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, or a combination thereof.

[0075] The ether group-containing cyclic compound additive described in the present disclosure may be a crown ether. Crown ethers have an ethyleneoxy group (—CHCHO—) as the main repeating unit structure, and include 9-crown-3 (1,4,7-trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown-4 (1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5), and 16-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 16-Crown-6). The hydroxybenzoates may include 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-5), 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane; 18-Crown-6), 21-crown-7 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaoxacycloheneicosane; 21-Crown-7), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctadecine; dibenzo-18-crown-6), diaza-18-crown-6 (1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane; diaza-18-crown-6), or combinations thereof.

[0076] The aromatic compound additive described herein may include methoxybenzene, 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene, tert-butylbenzene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-difluorobenzene, 1,1′-oxydibenzene, 1,4-diphenylbenzene, 2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)aniline, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline, or a combination thereof.

[0077] The phosphorus-containing compound additive described herein may be tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriaphosphazene (1,3,5,2,4,6-Triazatriphosphorine, 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-), or a combination thereof.

[0078] The boron-containing compound additive described herein may be trimethyl borate, tris(trimethylsilyl) borate, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, or a combination thereof.

[0079] The inorganic oxide additives described in the present disclosure include lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LiLaZrO), lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide (LiLaZrTaO), lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LiLaTiO), lithium phosphate (LiPO), lithium fluorophosphate (LiPOF), lithium titanium phosphate (LiTiPO), lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LiAlGeP), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate oxide (LiAlTiPO), lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur oxide (LiGePSO), lithium tin phosphorus sulfur oxide (LiGePSO), lithium tin phosphorus sulfur oxide (LiTiPO ... The inorganic oxide additives may be composite materials such as lead zirconium titanium oxide (LiSnPSO), lead zirconium titanium oxide (PbZrTiO), lead lanthanum zirconium titanium oxide (PbLaZrTiO), and barium titanium oxide (BaTiO). The inorganic oxide additives may contain a plurality of different oxidation states, or Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, CaO, MgO, ZrO2, CeO2, and YO3, which reduce the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte and further improve the ionic conductivity and the physical and mechanical strength of the electrolyte, thereby contributing to improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0080] The separator described in the present disclosure may be a thin film having a porous structure, and may include a single-layer or multi-layer film of polyolefin, polyamide, or polyester fiber, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), epoxy resin, or an inorganic ceramic composite thin film of at least one type of Mg(OH)2, MgO, BaSO4, SnO2, NiO, CaO, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, or a combination thereof on the surface, and the above inorganic ceramic composite thin film may include a plurality of different oxidation states.

[0081] The current collector described in the present disclosure may be a substrate made of a metal foil or a conductive polymer, and the metal foil may be selected from aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, tantalum, stainless steel, or alloys formed therefrom.

[0082] The cycle count of a battery described in this disclosure is defined as follows: the battery is in the state of a commercially available product, and the first test in this state is the first cycle as defined in this disclosure, with one discharge and one charge test completed as one cycle count, and the cumulative count is calculated accordingly.

[0083] The capacity described in this disclosure can be measured by measuring the charge capacity and discharge capacity of the battery, and the capacity is calculated as the volumetric capacity (mAh / cm 3 Capacity can be divided into volumetric capacity (mAh / g) and gravimetric capacity (mAh / g). However, volumetric capacity represents the capacity that can be provided per cubic centimeter of pole pieces in the battery, and the volume of the current collector must be subtracted when calculating volumetric capacity. Gravimetric capacity represents the capacity that can be provided per gram of pole pieces in the battery, and the weight of the current collector must be subtracted when calculating gravimetric capacity. The pole pieces can be positive or negative pole pieces.

[0084] The C-rate (C) described in this disclosure can represent the magnitude of the current when it takes one hour for the battery to be fully discharged, and C can be used as a unit of the charge / discharge current of the battery.

[0085] The measurement voltage range of the battery described in the present disclosure can be selected based on the oxidation-reduction potentials of the positive and negative electrode materials, and the voltage range may be selected from 0 V to 5.0 V, preferably 0 V to 3.0 V, and more preferably 1.0 V to 4.5 V.

[0086] The discharge volumetric capacity described in the present disclosure can be expressed as CiVj, and the discharge gravimetric capacity described above can be expressed as CiGj, where i indicates the current in units of C at which charging and discharging are performed, and j indicates the number of cycles of charging and discharging the battery.

[0087] The coulombic efficiency described in the present disclosure can be expressed as the total number of times a certain percentage range is satisfied, as nxCyEz, where x represents the lower limit of the certain percentage range, y represents the current in C for charging and discharging, and z represents the number of cycles at which the battery is charged and discharged.

[0088] The average coulombic efficiency described in this disclosure can be expressed as aCyEz, where y represents the current in C at which the battery is charged and discharged, and z represents the number of cycles the battery has been charged and discharged to completion.

[0089] Battery components described in the present disclosure may include a battery case, a spring plate, a weight plate, a cover plate, a tab, and a cap.

[0090] The bipolar battery described in the present disclosure may include bipolar battery pole pieces and an electrolyte, one side of the bipolar battery pole piece being a positive electrode and including a positive electrode material, and the other side being a negative electrode and including a negative electrode material, two bipolar battery pole pieces being connected via the electrolyte (the electrolyte contacts the positive electrode of one bipolar battery pole piece and the negative electrode of the other bipolar battery pole piece) to form a bipolar battery unit, and multiple bipolar battery units being connected in series to form a bipolar battery.

[0091] The battery pack described in the present disclosure may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, and the electrochemical carrier of the primary battery or the secondary battery may be at least one of a button-type carrier, a wound-type carrier, or a laminate-type carrier, and may be applied to portable electronic products, such as digital cameras, mobile phones, laptops, game controllers, and other designs that require light weight and thinness, as well as to large-scale energy storage industries such as lightweight electric vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0092] The differential capacity analysis (DCA) of constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curves described in this disclosure can be used to determine the voltage range in which the optimum oxidation / reduction of the object to be measured occurs. A constant current of 2 C was set to charge or discharge, and the charge / discharge operating voltage range was 0.00 V to 5.00 V (vs. Li + The first charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve data of the device under test are obtained, and the first derivative is taken with respect to the voltage, and the x-axis is set to voltage (V vs Li + / Li) and the y-axis is dQ / dV (mAh / V), and a constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curve differential diagram can be obtained. However, the first derivative of the charge curve allows observation of the optimum oxidation peak voltage and peak value of the measured object, and the first derivative of the discharge curve allows observation of the optimum reduction peak voltage and peak value of the measured object. The criteria for determining the oxidation peak are as follows: the voltage range is 0.50V to 3.00V (vs Li + / Li), take the charge voltage-capacity curve data, and differentiate it with respect to voltage to obtain the third-order differential data of the charge curve. In the third-order differential data of the charge curve, the peak value is -3 (mAh / V 3 ) is considered to be the oxidation peak voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the smallest peak value is set as the first oxidation peak voltage, and the peak value where the first oxidation peak voltage corresponds to the first derivative data of the charge curve is set as the first oxidation peak value, and the voltage where the second smallest peak value corresponds to the second oxidation peak voltage is set as the second oxidation peak value, and the peak value where the second oxidation peak voltage corresponds to the first derivative data of the charge curve is set as the second oxidation peak value. The criteria for determining the reduction peak are as follows, and the voltage range is 0.10V to 3.00V (vs Li + / Li), and take the discharge voltage-coulometric curve data and differentiate it three times with respect to the voltage to obtain the triple-differential discharge curve data. In the triple-differential discharge curve data, the peak value is set to 3 (mAh / V 3 ) is regarded as a reduction peak voltage, the voltage corresponding to the largest peak value is set as the first reduction peak voltage, the peak value corresponding to the first reduction peak voltage in the first derivative data of the discharge curve is set as the first reduction peak value, the voltage corresponding to the second largest peak value is set as the second reduction peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second reduction peak voltage in the first derivative data of the discharge curve is set as the second reduction peak value.

[0093] The electrochemical stability described in this disclosure was measured using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a sweep rate of 0.1 V / s. +Measurements are repeated under conditions where the voltage vs. / Li is between -5.00V and 5.00V, and the results of the corresponding changes in the relationship between current and voltage can be obtained.

[0094] The observed particle diameter described in this disclosure is determined by observing the top surface of the negative electrode composition with an electron microscope, dividing the surface into shallow and deep regions in the direction perpendicular to the top surface, preferentially selecting particles in the shallow region that conform to a granular or spherical shape, and measuring the maximum diameter of a single particle. If the object to be measured has an irregular shape, the lengths of the longest and shortest sides are measured and averaged, and four particles are selected and measured within the measurement range. The measurement data for these four particles are averaged to obtain the average observed particle diameter described in this disclosure. However, the area of ​​the measurement range for the composition particles is 500 μm. 2 The measurement area of ​​dispersed particles is 120 μm 2 can be set to.

[0095] The cumulative particle size described in this disclosure represents the distribution of particle sizes in a sample, and the cumulative particle size distribution function can be obtained by calculating the cumulative volume percentage based on the ratio of each particle size distribution. For example, the particle size at which the cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 50% is defined as D50, and it can be explained that 50% of the particle size in the sample is smaller than this D50 particle size. The same applies to D10 and D90. Unless otherwise specified, D50 is used as the standard for determining particle size, and the cumulative particle size of the sample can be measured using a laser analyzer or dynamic light scattering device.

[0096] The laser analyzer described in this disclosure uses a Malvern Mastersizer 3000+ to measure particle sizes larger than the wavelength of the incident light. However, larger particles have smaller diffraction angles, while smaller particles have larger diffraction angles. After receiving light with detectors positioned at multiple different angles, the scattering phenomenon of micrometer-sized particles is analyzed to determine particle size.

[0097] The particle size described in the present disclosure can be measured by measuring the amplitude of light scattered by particles in Brownian motion over time using dynamic light scattering, and the particle size and particle size distribution can be determined based on the Stokes-Einstein equation, which is as follows: D=kT / (3πηDf), where D is the particle diameter (unit: m), k is the Boltzmann constant (unit: J / K), T is the absolute temperature (unit: K), and η is the solvent viscosity (unit: kg x m -1 ×s -1 ), Df is the diffusion coefficient (unit: m 2 ×s -1 )

[0098] Regarding the negative electrode weight ratios described in this disclosure, the negative electrode weight calculated here does not include the weight of the current collector.

[0099] For the thickness of the negative electrode materials described in this disclosure, the thickness of the negative electrode pole piece can be measured and the thickness of the current collector subtracted.

[0100] Regarding the density of the negative electrode material described in the present disclosure, a circular negative electrode piece having a diameter of 14 mm is cut, the weight of the negative electrode piece is measured, the weight of the negative electrode piece is subtracted from the weight of the current collector, and the volume is calculated from the thickness of the negative electrode piece and the area of ​​the cut circle, and the weight is divided by the volume to obtain the density of the negative electrode material.

[0101] The electrical resistance of the negative electrode material described in the present disclosure can be measured by electrical resistance measurement using a four-point probe method, with the distance between each adjacent probe being 1.5 cm. During measurement, the probes must be in contact with the surface of the sample to be measured, and the shortest distance from the boundary of the sample to be measured on the surface of any one of the probes must be greater than 7.5 cm.

[0102] Regarding the roughness described in this disclosure, the surface texture parameter Sa (μm) is the arithmetic mean height of the surface according to ISO 251781, and the area over which the roughness is measured is at least 10,000 μm 2The height of the average plane is the arithmetic mean value of the heights of each point coordinate Z(x, y) within the area, and Sa is the average value of the absolute value of the height difference from the average plane of each point coordinate Z(x, y) within the area, according to the following formula:

number

[0103] Regarding the conductivity described in the present disclosure, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to measure the resistance by applying an AC voltage of 1 Hz to 100 Hz and an amplitude of 50 mV to the polymer or electrolyte, and the conductivity is calculated using the following formula: Ci = (1 / R) × (L / A), However, Ci(S×cm -1 ) is the conductivity, R (Ω) is the resistance, L (cm) is the distance between the electrodes, A (cm 2 ) is the contact area between the object to be measured and the electrode, and (L / A) is the conductivity coefficient (cm -1 )

[0104] All of the compositions relating to the composition particles and dispersed particles described in this disclosure can be used to further manufacture negative electrode compositions based on related materials or related ratios, further manufacture negative electrodes based on related materials or related ratios, and further manufacture batteries based on related materials or related ratios and perform charge / discharge tests. This disclosure shows only some of the relevant compositions, and tables with no data or incalculable data are marked with "-". [Example]

[0105] Based on the above embodiment, a specific example will be given below and explained in detail together with experimental data.

[0106] <First Comparative Example>

[0107] See Figure 1, which is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the composite particles in the battery of Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 1 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including only composite particles, and the composite particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide. For detailed data on the battery of Comparative Example 1, see Table 1. [Table 1]

[0108] <Second Comparative Example>

[0109] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a cycle diagram of the battery of Comparative Example 2, discharged at a current of 1 C. Comparative Example 2 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including only dispersed particles, the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide, the structural elements including tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0110] See Table 2 for detailed data on the battery of the second comparative example. [Table 2]

[0111] <First Example>

[0112] Please refer to Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F. Figure 3A is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of component particles in the battery of Example 1, Figure 3B is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of Example 1, Figure 3C is a differential profile of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of Example 1, Figure 3D is a third-order differential profile of the charge curve of the battery of Example 1, Figure 3E is a third-order differential profile of the discharge curve of the battery of Example 1, and Figure 3F is a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 1 being discharged at a current of 1 C.

[0113] A first embodiment is a battery having an anode comprising an anode material, the anode material comprising an anode composition, the anode composition comprising composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles comprising a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprising a structural element composite oxide, the structural element comprising tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0114] See Table 3 for detailed data on the battery of the first example. [Table 3]

[0115] <Second Example>

[0116] See Figure 4, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 2 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 2 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0117] See Table 4 for detailed data on the second example battery. [Table 4]

[0118] <Third Example>

[0119] See Figure 5, which shows a cycle diagram of a battery of Example 3 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 3 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0120] See Table 5 for detailed data on the battery of the third example. [Table 5]

[0121] <Fourth Example>

[0122] See Figure 6, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 4 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 4 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0123] See Table 6 for detailed data on the cells of the fourth example. [Table 6]

[0124] <Fifth Example>

[0125] See Figure 7, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 5 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 5 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0126] See Table 7 for detailed data on the cells of the fifth example. [Table 7]

[0127] <Sixth Example>

[0128] See Figure 8, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 6 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 6 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0129] See Table 8 for detailed data on the cells of Example 6. [Table 8]

[0130] <Seventh Example>

[0131] See Figure 9, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 7 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 7 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0132] See Table 9 for detailed data on the seventh example battery. [Table 9]

[0133] <Eighth Example>

[0134] See Figure 10, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 8 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 8 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0135] See Table 10 for detailed data on the eighth example battery. [Table 10]

[0136] <Ninth Example>

[0137] See Figure 11, which shows a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 9 discharged at a current of 1 C. Example 9 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material including a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition including composition particles and dispersed particles, the composition particles including a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles including a structural element composite oxide. The structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0138] See Table 11 for detailed data on the cells of Example 9. [Table 11]

[0139] The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, but the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on what is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A negative electrode composition comprising: comprising composition particles and dispersion particles, wherein both the composition particles and the dispersion particles are active materials; The composition particles include a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the lithium titanium composite oxide includes lithium element and titanium element; the dispersed particles contain a structural element complex oxide, the structural element complex oxide contains a structural element, the structural element contains tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium; a weight ratio of the composition particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, a weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, 0.10≦pWd / pWlt≦3.00 A negative electrode composition that satisfies the above conditions.

2. a weight ratio of the composition particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, a weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, 0.30≦pWd / pWlt≦1.50 The negative electrode composition according to claim 1, which satisfies the following conditions:

3. a weight ratio of the composition particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, a weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, 0.35≦pWd / pWlt≦0.50 The negative electrode composition according to claim 2, which satisfies the following conditions:

4. 2. The negative electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein the structural elements include tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper.

5. 5. The negative electrode composition according to claim 4, wherein the structural elements include tin and iron, and further include at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper.

6. 2. The negative electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode composition has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.10 V to 4.00 V.

7. the average observed particle size of the composition particles is aSDlt, and the average observed particle size of the dispersion particles is aSDd; 0.10≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.50 The negative electrode composition according to claim 1, which satisfies the following conditions:

8. A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material comprising the negative electrode composition of claim 1 and a conductive additive.

9. a weight ratio of the negative electrode composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, a weight ratio of the conductive additive to the negative electrode material is pWc, 2.80≦pWo / pWc≦3.80 The negative electrode according to claim 8, which satisfies the following condition:

10. 9. The negative electrode according to claim 8, wherein the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.50V.

11. 11. The negative electrode according to claim 10, wherein the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.50V to 1.80V.

12. the at least two oxidation peaks of the negative electrode material include a first oxidation peak, and the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1; 1.40V≦Vo1≦2.00V The negative electrode according to claim 10, which satisfies the following condition:

13. the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak and a first reduction peak in a voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.50 V, the voltage of the first oxidation peak being Vo1 and the voltage of the first reduction peak being Vr1; 0.05V≦|Vo1-Vr1|≦1.50V The negative electrode according to claim 8, which satisfies the following condition:

14. the at least two oxidation peaks of the negative electrode material include a first oxidation peak and a second oxidation peak, the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1 and the voltage of the second oxidation peak is Vo2; 0.05V≦|Vo1-Vo2|≦0.60V The negative electrode according to claim 10, which satisfies the following condition:

15. The negative electrode material has a density D San ​​; 0.50g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.80g / cm 3 The negative electrode according to claim 8, which satisfies the following condition:

16. The thickness of the negative electrode material is T Han, the electrical resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, 1.0 μm≦THan≦70.0 μm, and 0.30mΩ≦Ran≦10.00mΩ The negative electrode according to claim 8, which satisfies the following condition:

17. A battery comprising the negative electrode of claim 8.

18. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 100th cycle is C1V100, 0.50≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.80 18. The battery according to claim 17, which satisfies the following conditions:

19. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 400th cycle is C1V400, 0.85≦C1V400 / C1V10≦2.00 18. The battery according to claim 17, which satisfies the following conditions:

20. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volume capacity at the 800th cycle is C1V800, 0.70≦C1V800 / C1V10≦2.50 18. The battery according to claim 17, which satisfies the following conditions:

21. A negative electrode composition comprising: comprising composition particles and dispersion particles, wherein both the composition particles and the dispersion particles are active materials; The composition particles include a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the lithium titanium composite oxide includes lithium element and titanium element; the dispersed particles contain a structural element complex oxide, the structural element complex oxide contains a structural element, the structural element contains tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium; The observed particle size of the composition particles is SDlt, 0.50μm≦SDlt≦50.00μm A negative electrode composition that satisfies the above conditions.

22. 22. The negative electrode composition according to claim 21, wherein the structural elements include tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper.

23. the observed particle size of the composition particles is SDlt, and the observed particle size of the dispersion particles is SDd; 1.00 μm≦SDlt≦30.00 μm, and 0.01μm≦SDd≦5.00μm The negative electrode composition according to claim 21, which satisfies the following condition:

24. the average observed particle size of the composition particles is aSDlt, and the average observed particle size of the dispersion particles is aSDd; 0.30≦10×aSDd / aSDlt≦1.20 The negative electrode composition according to claim 21, which satisfies the following condition:

25. 22. A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material comprising the negative electrode composition of claim 21.

26. 26. The anode of claim 25, wherein the anode material has at least two oxidation peaks in a voltage range of 1.30 V to 2.50 V, and the anode material has at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.50 V to 1.80 V.

27. the at least two oxidation peaks of the negative electrode material include a first oxidation peak and a second oxidation peak, the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1 and the voltage of the second oxidation peak is Vo2; 0.05V≦|Vo1-Vo2|≦0.60V 27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the following condition:

28. the at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak and a second reduction peak, the voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1 and the voltage of the second reduction peak is Vr2; 0.20V≦|Vr1-Vr2|≦1.00V 27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the following condition:

29. the at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak and a second reduction peak, the peak value of the first reduction peak is Ir1, and the peak value of the second reduction peak is Ir2; -1.50≦(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≦1.50 27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the following condition:

30. 26. A battery comprising the negative electrode of claim 25.

Images