Projectile and cartridged ammunition

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile (10), comprising a core (12) having a terminal ballistic effect and extending along a projectile axis (11), a sabot base (16), and a sabot casing (18), wherein the sabot base (16) has an opening (20) in which a first portion (22) of the core (12) is accommodated, wherein the sabot casing (18) can be coupled or is coupled to the sabot base (16) and, in the coupled state, surrounds the core (12) and the sabot base (16), wherein the sabot base (16) has a plurality of retaining arms (26) which are distributed along its circumferential direction, are separated from one another by slots (24), as a whole define the opening (20) and overlap the first portion (22) of the core (12), wherein the sabot casing (18) has a passage (28) with an inner wall, wherein, in the coupled state, a wall portion (30) of the inner wall bears against an outer side of the retaining arms (26) in such a way that the retaining arms (26) are pressed inwards against the first portion (22) of the core (12) and retain the core (12) in the opening (20).

Description

[0001] Title: Bullet and cartridge ammunition

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to a projectile having the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of such a projectile having the features of the independent claim. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cartridge-loaded ammunition comprising such a projectile and a cartridge case.

[0004] A projectile and a cartridge-loaded ammunition of the type mentioned above are known from the prior art, for example in the form of a 25 x 137 mm ammunition of the type PMB073 APDS-T (abbreviation for "Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot with Tracer"). This ammunition comprises a projectile with a hard core (penetrator), which has a releasable sabot and a tracer (see Fig. 1).

[0005] The projectile consists of a terminal ballistic core which has its rear end inserted into a sabot and which contains a flare. A ballistic cap is attached to the front end of the core. A sabot is designed as an injection-molded part and encloses the sabot, the core and the ballistic cap, with the last three components being overmolded with the later sabot as inserts using a plastic injection-molded process. This fastens the components of the projectile to one another. A plastic feed cap is placed on top of the ballistic cap and is form-fittingly connected to the sabot. This provides machine-fired ammunition which can also be used for test purposes, e.g. for testing passive protection. As this is conventional (live) ammunition, it is subject to the corresponding weapons and war weapons control laws.Due to the design of the bullet, it is not possible to load or adjust the bullet shortly before it is fired.

[0006] Another cartridge-loaded ammunition is known from GB 2 013 312 A. It features a core with a ballistic cap at the front end, with the core and cap surrounded by a sabot consisting of several segments. A type of sabot is provided at the rear end of the core, which is rotationally fixedly coupled to the core via a positive connection. US 2014 / 0190364 A1 also discloses a cartridge-loaded ammunition.

[0007] The sabot contains a sabot, a sabot, and a core. The sabot has a projectile receiving base and protruding vanes, forming a kind of cup in which the core is completely housed. The sabot has a disc and protruding projections, which are incorporated into the projectile receiving base.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of providing a projectile with simple structural means, the core of which flies along its trajectory with sufficient spin stabilization.

[0009] The invention solves this problem by a projectile having the features of claim 1.

[0010] The projectile has a terminal-ballistic core extending along a projectile axis or central longitudinal axis, a pusher plate, and a sabot. The projectile can, in particular, be a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile.

[0011] The sabot has an opening in which a first section of the core is received, in particular a rearward section or rearward end section of the core in the firing direction. Although it is fundamentally conceivable for the opening to completely penetrate the sabot along its central longitudinal axis or projectile axis, it is preferred if the opening is closed at the rear in the firing direction, in other words towards the rear of the sabot or projectile tail (blind hole). The opening preferably accommodates only an axial section or an axial part of the core (not a complete accommodation of the core), for example, based on its longitudinal extent, an axial part of the core of 15% to 45%, preferably 25% to 35%.

[0012] The sabot is coupled or can be coupled to the sabot and, in the coupled state, surrounds the core and the sabot along the projectile axis, at least in sections (axially) and outwardly (radially). The sabot and the sabot can overlap each other axially in the coupled state, with the sabot representing the front part in the firing direction and the sabot representing the rear part in the firing direction.

[0013] The sabot has two or more retaining arms distributed along its circumferential direction and separated from each other by slots. These retaining arms, as a whole, define the opening and (axially) overlap the first section of the core, in particular the rear section or end section of the core. In other words, the retaining arms, as a whole, form a wall that delimits the opening (radially) outwardly. Specifically, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight retaining arms can be provided.

[0014] The sabot has a passage with an inner wall, which completely penetrates the sabot along its central longitudinal axis or projectile axis. In the coupled state of the sabot and sabot, a wall section of the inner wall rests against an outer side of the holding arms (from radially outside) in such a way that the holding arms are pressed (radially) inward against the first section, in particular the rear section or end section of the core, and hold the core in the opening. The proposed projectile provides a particularly advantageous

[0015] Coupling of the projectile components. The sabot and the sabot are designed so that they can be coupled to one another. When coupled, the core is secured to the sabot by means of the sabot. The wall section of the inner wall acts on the holding arms, which in turn press against the core. The core is therefore held in the sabot at least with a force fit. The function of the holding arms is similar to a collet: the slots or slits between the holding arms allow the opening in the sabot to be compressed evenly, whereby the core is centered and clamped with a force fit with high precision. In addition, torque can be transferred from the sabot or sabot to the core (spin transfer). The proposed design contributes to simple production and assembly of the projectile, so that projectiles can be produced in small quantities at cost.

[0016] This eliminates the need for injection molding or overmolding of the components (saving tool costs). This makes it possible to manually load and / or deload the projectile before firing, e.g. for test or experimental purposes, using simple means and a small amount of space, particularly if modifications have to be made in a short space of time. The separate projectile components result in a modular design. This is beneficial for development projects, as individual parts can be modified, e.g. to test different projectile shapes and / or different materials. Furthermore, the proposed projectile can also facilitate the development of ballistic protection structures, as different projectile shapes and materials allow their effect on ballistic protection structures to be assessed quickly and easily.

[0017] In the PMB073 APDS-T ammunition, the sabot is molded onto the core and sabot. The sabot is bonded together by the shrinkage of the plastic during cooling and any bulging of the projectile components. Retaining arms on the sabot to secure the core are not provided.

[0018] In the aforementioned GB 2 013 312 A, the sabot is connected to the core via a positive connection in a rotationally fixed manner. The core is enclosed by several sabot segments, which are held at the mouth of the ammunition case. Retaining arms on the sabot to secure the core are also not provided here.

[0019] In the aforementioned US 2014 / 0190364 A1, the core is housed in a cup of the sabot. The sabot has a projection receiving base and wings projecting therefrom, forming a type of cup in which the core is completely housed. The sabot has a disk and projections projecting therefrom, which are incorporated into the projection receiving base.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the holding arms as a whole with their outer sides (facing away from the projectile axis) can define a cone which tapers towards the free end of the holding arms (slotted due to the slots between the holding arms), with the wall section of the inner wall of the sabot defining a counter-cone corresponding to the cone. This promotes the application of a force (radially) inwards onto the core. The holding arms can thus develop a wedge effect or act as clamping wedges. Depending on the axial overlap of the sabot (holding arms) and sabot (wall section), a different level of force (inwards) results on the core. As already indicated above, the holding arms form a slotted cone due to the slots between adjacent holding arms. The holding arms can each have a wedge-shaped profile. In other words, the outer sides or outer surfaces can be aligned with the inner sides or outer surfaces.The inner surfaces of the holding arms each enclose an angle.

[0021] Advantageously, two circumferential (and mutually parallel) grooves can be formed on the first, preferably rear, section of the core, wherein the holding arms overlap the grooves (along or parallel to the projectile axis), wherein the holding arms are formed on their inner side (radially inward or facing the projectile axis) without groove engagement elements or are free of groove engagement elements, or wherein several or all holding arms each have one or two groove engagement elements on their inner side, which engage(s) in one of the grooves or both grooves. A design of the holding arms without a groove engagement element simplifies the design and manufacture of the holding arms. In addition, reversible assembly and disassembly as well as adjustment of the axial overlap of the sabot (holding arms) and sabot (wall section) are facilitated.A design with one or two groove engagement elements contributes to axially securing the core on the sabot. In addition, assembly is made easier because a worker who is assembling the sabot and core receives tactile and / or acoustic feedback when the groove engagement element(s) engages in one or both of the grooves (locking or snapping process). In a design with one groove engagement element, the groove engagement element is arranged on the holding arms in particular in such a way that when the core is pushed into the opening in the assembly position or end position, the groove engagement element engages in the groove that faces the free end of the holding arms or that is located at the front on the core in the firing direction (front groove). In a design with two.

[0022] Groove engagement elements on the holding arm, the groove engagement elements are arranged on the holding arm in such a way that when the core is inserted into the opening in the assembly position or end position, one of the groove engagement elements is arranged in the rear groove in the firing direction and the other groove engagement element is arranged in the front groove in the firing direction.

[0023] The retaining arms can expediently be connected to the sabot in a materially integral manner, in particular of the same material, with a predetermined breaking point being formed on each of the retaining arms. This facilitates the release of the core after the projectile has passed through the muzzle of a weapon barrel. The retaining arms thus tear off after passing through the muzzle, in particular during or after the sabot has also torn apart after passing through the muzzle. The core, optionally with a ballistic hood attached to the core, continues its flight along its trajectory. The predetermined breaking points are preferably formed at the connection or transition between the retaining arms and the sabot (i.e. at or near the proximal end of the retaining arms, which faces away from the free end of the retaining arms).Within the scope of a preferred embodiment, a groove section can be formed at the base of the opening in the sabot and at an end face of the rear section of the core facing the base, wherein an insert element is provided which projects into the groove sections so that the sabot and the core are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. This can promote positive flight characteristics because, by means of the insert element and groove sections (in addition to the holding arms), a spin can be transferred from the sabot to the core and the sabot and core move with the same spin. The insert element can be made of steel and / or have a cuboid shape. The groove sections can each extend along a longitudinal groove axis which is preferably oriented transversely or orthogonally to the central longitudinal axis or projectile axis.When connected, the groove sections are aligned with each other so that the insert element protrudes proportionally into both groove sections.

[0024] Conveniently, the sabot can have a preferably cylindrical central section, and the sabot can have a preferably annular receiving section, wherein the central section is received in the receiving section when the sabot and sabot are coupled. This forms a positive coupling between the sabot and sabot. The central section and the receiving section abut one another accordingly.

[0025] Advantageously, at the middle section of the

[0026] At least one groove section can be formed on the center section of the sabot and on the receiving section of the sabot, wherein at least one further insert element is provided which projects into the groove sections so that the sabot and the core are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. This promotes positive flight characteristics because spin can be transferred from the sabot to the sabot and the sabot and sabot move with the same spin. The insert element can be made of steel and / or have a cuboid shape. The groove sections can each extend along a longitudinal groove axis which is preferably oriented parallel to the central longitudinal axis or projectile axis. In the coupled state, the groove sections are aligned with one another so that the insert element projects proportionally into both groove sections.Preferably, two pairs of groove sections, which are aligned with one another in the coupled state, can be provided on the central section and on the receiving section, into each of which an insert element is inserted (a total of two insert elements). The pairs of groove sections can be arranged, for example, diametrically opposite each other on the central section and the receiving section.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the sabot can have a first profile feature on the central section and the sabot can have a corresponding second profile feature on the receiving section, which can be locked or are locked to one another in the coupled state. The profile features (locking) ensure that the sabot and sabot cannot come loose after joining or coupling without the corresponding expenditure of force. The profile features can each be designed to be (partially or completely) circumferential. The first profile feature can be raised, for example as a raised collar or annular collar on the central section. The second profile feature can be recessed, for example as a recessed groove or annular groove for receiving the collar or annular collar. In principle, a reverse design is also conceivable (first profile feature recessed and second profile feature raised).

[0028] Alternatively or additionally, the sabot can have an external thread on the central section and the sabot can have a corresponding internal thread on the receiving section (in the passage of the sabot). This creates a stable connection between the sabot and the sabot (threaded connection). The screw-in depth can influence the force exerted by the wall section of the sabot via the holding arms inwards onto the core. The external thread and the internal thread are each designed as left-hand threads in order to prevent self-delaboration of the sabot and sabot during advance firing. In principle, a reverse design is also conceivable (internal thread on the sabot and external thread on the sabot).

[0029] The sabot is advantageously made of plastic and machined. This facilitates simple production of the sabot, for example by turning and / or milling, whereby even small quantities can be produced with manageable effort. This is particularly advantageous for test and experimental purposes, where design changes must be implemented easily and the small quantities do not justify an injection mold. In a practical manner, the rear section of the

[0030] A bore can be formed in the core, in particular starting from a rear end with respect to the direction of fire. The bore serves to adapt or reduce the weight of the core of the surrogate projectile so that it has identical ballistics to the core of an original, machine-fired projectile. The bore is formed centrally with respect to the central longitudinal axis or projectile axis of the core. The bore can, for example, be designed as a blind hole.

[0031] Specifically, a tool engagement recess, in particular a hexagonal driving profile, can be formed at the rear end of the sabot relative to the direction of fire. This allows the sabot to be turned or rotationally fixed using a suitable tool (e.g. hexagon wrench). This makes it easier to load or dismantle the projectile, particularly when there is a threaded connection between the sabot and the sabot. Alternatively or additionally, one or two sets of oppositely facing and parallel contact surfaces (tool engagement section for an open-end wrench) can be formed on the sabot (outer surface or outer circumference). This allows the sabot to be turned or rotationally fixed using a suitable tool (e.g. open-end wrench). This makes it easier to load or dismantle the projectile, particularly when there is a threaded connection between the sabot and the sabot.Assembly and disassembly of the sabot and sabot are possible using conventional tools. The sabot can advantageously have a plurality of predetermined breaking points which are oriented at least in sections parallel to the projectile axis. This contributes to the precise flight of the core along its trajectory, since the sabot disassembles in a targeted manner after passing through the muzzle by tearing or ripping open at the predetermined breaking points. The predetermined breaking points can be designed as a plurality of grooves, for example four or six, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sabot and which extend at least in sections parallel to the projectile axis or along the longitudinal direction of the sabot. This contributes to the even disassembly of the sabot.

[0032] The sabot can expediently have a collar at its rearward end in the direction of fire, which projects beyond the passage of the sabot orthogonally to the projectile axis, with a circumferential and outwardly open recess being formed in the collar. In this way, a seal can be achieved between the sabot and the case mouth of an ammunition case. The recess can be filled with sealing or adhesive material. The collar can be formed on a section of the sabot that is rearward relative to the central section, in particular an end section.

[0033] The projectile, which consists of a core, sabot, and sabot (optionally with a ballistic cap and insert element), is preferably designed so that it can be reversibly disassembled and assembled. This facilitates testing and experimental procedures, as the projectile can be disassembled, modified, and reassembled before being fired. The core can be made of tungsten heavy metal. The sabot can be made of an aluminum alloy. The sabot and / or the core are preferably designed free of a tracer.

[0034] At the front end of the core, in the direction of fire, a ballistic cap may be attached, preferably glued to the core. The ballistic cap may be made of an aluminum alloy. The projectile is preferably free of a feed sleeve (e.g., made of plastic and mounted on the ballistic cap).

[0035] Specifically, the projectile, consisting of a core with a ballistic cap, sabot, and sabot, can have a length greater than 90 mm (millimeters) along its axis. The projectile length is preferably between 90 and 120 mm, and more preferably between 95 and 115 mm.

[0036] The projectile is preferably designed and / or intended as a surrogate projectile. Thus, the projectile is not designed as a machine-launched projectile (e.g., by means of the aforementioned measures), but rather serves to test passive protective measures against threats with kinetic energy (KE projectiles). In other words, the present projectile is designed as a non-machine-launched KE test projectile.

[0037] The aforementioned problem is also solved by the use of a projectile having the features of the independent claim. Accordingly, the use of a projectile having one or more of the above aspects is provided for engaging an armored target, in particular passive protective materials, preferably an armor plate, e.g., made of steel.

[0038] With regard to the advantages that can be achieved in this way, reference is made to the relevant comments on the projectile.

[0039] The problem mentioned at the outset is also solved by a cartridge-loaded ammunition having the features of the further subordinate claim.

[0040] The cartridge ammunition comprises a projectile with one or more of the above aspects and a cartridge case.

[0041] With regard to the advantages that can be achieved in this way, reference is made to the relevant comments on the projectile.

[0042] The bullet is inserted partially into the mouth of the cartridge case. A propellant igniter and propellant powder are located to the rear of the bullet (in the direction of fire) in the cartridge case.

[0043] The cartridge-loaded ammunition preferably has a total length greater than 223 mm (millimeters). The total length of the projectile is preferably between 223 mm and 235 mm.

[0044] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures, in which identical or functionally similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, if necessary, however, only once. They show: Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the projectile of the ammunition of the known type PMB073 APDS-T (prior art);

[0045] Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of an embodiment of the proposed projectile;

[0046] Fig . 3 is a perspective exploded view of the

[0047] Embodiment of the projectile from Figure 2;

[0048] Fig. 4 is a perspective exploded view of another embodiment of the proposed projectile;

[0049] Fig. 5 shows a possible modification of the embodiment of the projectile from Fig. 4 in the assembled state in a partially sectioned view;

[0050] Fig. 6 shows a cartridged ammunition with the projectile from Figure 2 in the mounted state in a perspective view; and

[0051] Fig . 7 shows the cartridged ammunition in the cartridge chamber ( without barrel ) of a firing device in a perspective and partially sectioned view .

[0052] Figure 1 shows, as prior art, a longitudinal section of the original projectile 200 of the PMB073 APDS-T ammunition type. The projectile 200 has a core 202, a ballistic cap 204, a sabot 206, a sabot 208, and a feed cap 210. The core 202 (penetrator) is received with a rear portion in an opening 212 of the sabot 206. Two grooves 214 formed circumferentially on the core 202 create a positive fit between the core 202 and the sabot 206. The ballistic cap 204 is attached, e.g., by gluing, to the front end of the core 202 in the firing direction SR. The sabot 208 surrounds the sabot 206, the core 202, and the ballistic cap 204.

[0053] The sabot 208 is an injection-molded part, meaning that the sabot 206, the core 202, and the ballistic hood 204 are overmolded as inserts using a plastic injection molding process. A sleeve 216 for accommodating a flare or tracer 218 is inserted into the core 202. This sleeve penetrates the sabot 206 (but does not touch it). The plastic feed hood 210 is positively connected to the sabot 208.

[0054] Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the projectile 10 proposed here.

[0055] The projectile 10 has a terminally effective core 12 extending along a projectile axis 11, a ballistic cap 14, a sabot 16, and a sabot 18. The projectile 10 is designed as a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile.

[0056] The sabot 16 has an opening 20 in which a first section 22, in the example a rear section 22 of the core 12 in the firing direction SR, is received, in this case a rear end section 22. The opening 20 is closed in the example at the rear in the firing direction SR, in other words towards the rear of the projectile (blind hole).

[0057] Opening 20 in this case only accommodates an axial part of the core 12 of 15 to 45%.

[0058] The sabot 16 has a plurality of retaining arms 26 distributed along its circumferential direction and separated from one another by slots 24 (see Figs. 2 and 3). The retaining arms 26 as a whole define the opening 20 and axially overlap the rear portion 22 (see Fig. 2). In other words, the retaining arms 26 as a whole form a wall that radially delimits the opening 20. In the example, six retaining arms 26 are provided.

[0059] The sabot 18 has a passage 28 with an inner wall, which completely penetrates the sabot 18 along its central longitudinal axis or projectile axis 11. When the sabot 18 and sabot 16 are coupled, a wall section 30 of the inner wall rests against an outer side of the holding arms 26 (from the radial outside) in such a way that the holding arms 26 are pressed (radially) inward against the rear section 22 and hold the core 12 in the opening 20 (see Fig. 2). The function of the holding arms 26 is similar to a collet (fixing the core 12 and transferring spin from the sabot 18 to the core 12), as explained above.

[0060] The retaining arms 26, together with their outer sides 26' (facing away from the projectile axis 11), define a cone 34 (see Fig. 3) that tapers toward the free end 32 of the retaining arms 26 and is slotted due to the slots 24 between the retaining arms 26. The wall section 30 of the inner wall of the sabot 18 defines a counter-cone 36 corresponding to the cone 34 (see Fig. 2). In the example, the retaining arms 26 each have a wedge-shaped profile.

[0061] Two circumferential and mutually parallel grooves 38 are formed on the rear section 22 of the core 12. The holding arms 26 overlap the grooves 38 parallel to the projectile axis 11. The holding arms 26 each have a groove engagement element 40 on their inner side (facing the projectile axis 11), which engages in one of the grooves 38. The groove engagement element 40 is arranged on the holding arms 26 in such a way that, when the core 12 is pushed into the opening 20 (assembled position), the groove engagement element 40 engages in the groove 38 that faces the free end 32 of the holding arms 26 or which is located at the front on the core 12 in the firing direction SR (front groove 38).

[0062] The holding arms 26 are each integrally connected, preferably of the same material, to the sabot 16, with a predetermined breaking point 42 being formed on each holding arm 26. The predetermined breaking points 42 are each formed at the connection or transition of the holding arms 26 to the sabot 16 (i.e., at or near the proximal end 44 of the holding arms, which faces away from the free end 32 of the holding arms 26).

[0063] A groove section 46, 48 is formed at the base of the opening 20 in the sabot 16 and on an end face of the rear section 22 of the core 12 facing the base. An insert element 50 is provided which projects into the groove sections 46, 48 so that the sabot 16 and the core 12 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The optional insert element 50 can be made of steel and has a cuboid shape (see also Fig. 3). The groove sections 46, 48 can each extend along a longitudinal groove axis (not shown), which is preferably oriented orthogonally to the projectile axis 11. In the connected state, the groove sections 46, 48 are aligned with one another, so that the insert element 50 protrudes proportionally into both groove sections 46, 48 (cf. Fig. 2).

[0064] The sabot 16 has a preferably cylindrical central section 52 and the sabot 18 has a preferably annular receiving section 54, wherein the central section 52 is received in the receiving section when the sabot 16 and sabot 18 are coupled (cf. Figs. 2 and 3). In the example, the sabot 16 has an external thread 56 on the central section 52 and the sabot 18 has a corresponding internal thread 58 on the receiving section 54 (in the passage 28 of the sabot 18). The external thread 56 and the internal thread 58 are each designed as left-hand threads. In principle, a reverse design is also conceivable, as explained above.

[0065] The sabot 18 is made of plastic and machined. At the front end in the firing direction SR, the sabot 18 can have an air pocket 60 (see Fig. 2). This facilitates disassembly of the sabot 18 after passing through the muzzle.

[0066] On the rear portion 22 of the core 12, a bore 62 is formed, starting from a rearward end face relative to the firing direction SR (see Fig. 2). The bore 62 is formed centrally relative to the projectile axis 11 of the core 12. In the example, the bore 62 is designed as a blind hole.

[0067] At the rear end of the sabot 16, relative to the firing direction SR, there is a tool engagement recess 64, in the example a hexagonal drive profile. On the outer surface of the sabot 18, two sets of mutually opposite and parallel contact surfaces 66 are formed, which serve as a tool engagement section for an open-end wrench (cf. Fig. 3; only three of the four contact surfaces 66 are shown). Thus, the projectile 10 can be loaded using conventional tools, whereby the sabot 18 and sabot 16 can be screwed together with a defined torque if necessary.

[0068] The sabot 18 has a plurality of predetermined breaking points 68 (cf. Fig. 3), which are oriented at least in sections parallel to the projectile axis 11. In the example, the predetermined breaking points 68 are formed as four grooves distributed evenly over the circumference of the sabot 18, which extend at least in sections parallel to the projectile axis 11.

[0069] The sabot 16 has at its rearward end in the firing direction SR a collar 70 which, in the assembled state, projects beyond the passage 28 of the sabot 18 orthogonally to the projectile axis 11, wherein a circumferential and outwardly open recess 72 is formed in the collar 70. The recess 72 can be filled with sealing or adhesive material (for sealing with a cartridge case). The collar 70 is formed on a section 74 which is rearward relative to the central section 52 and which, in the example, is an end section of the sabot 16. The assembly consisting of core 12, ballistic cap 14, sabot 16,

[0070] The projectile 10 formed by the sabot 18 and the insert element 50 is designed such that it can be reversibly disassembled and reassembled. Thus, the sabot 16 and the sabot 18 can be separated from each other (in this example, by screwing them together). The core 12 can then also be removed from the sabot 16.

[0071] The assembly of the projectile 10 from Figures 2 and 3 can be carried out as follows:

[0072] The first step in assembling the projectile 10 is inserting the insert element 50 into the groove section 46 of the sabot 16. The core 12 with the ballistic cap 14 attached to it is then inserted into the opening 20 of the sabot 16. The holding arms 26 of the sabot 16 open radially outwards and initially engage with the rear groove 38 in the firing direction SR. For correct assembly, the groove engagement elements 40 must engage with the front groove 38 in the firing direction SR. After this, the (aligned) insert element 50 is also in the correct position within the groove section 48 of the core 12.

[0073] In a final step, the sabot 18 is screwed to the sabot 16, to which the core 12 with hood 14 and the insert element 50 are already attached. To securely screw both parts together, tool holders are provided: two pairs of parallel contact surfaces 66 are provided for an open-end wrench, and a hexagonal drive profile 64 is provided for an Allen key. The external thread 56 and the internal thread 58 are left-hand threads to prevent self-deployment of the projectile 10 during firing.

[0074] The fully loaded projectile 10 can be pressed into the propellant case or cartridge case 102 to provide a cartridge-loaded ammunition 100 (described further below; see Figs. 6 and 7). A bonding / sealing material can be introduced into the annular, circumferential groove or recess 72 in the collar 70 of the sabot 16 before the projectile 10 is inserted into the case mouth 103 of the cartridge case 102.

[0075] The dashed vertical lines in Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the relative positions of the core / hood assembly as well as the different lengths of the original projectile 200 and the proposed (surrogate) projectile 10. The length of the proposed projectile 10 is greater than that of the original projectile 200. As a result, the projectile 10 cannot be fired from conventional weapons because the ammunition 100 (projectile 10 with propellant case 102) does not fit through the feeder of conventional machine weapons. Therefore, the projectile 10 may not be subject to war weapons regulations.

[0076] The proposed projectile 10 is free of a feed hood, which protects the ballistic hood 14 and ensures improved ammunition flow in machine weapons. Furthermore, the proposed projectile is free of a tracer. Furthermore, the proposed projectile 10 is not an injection-molded construction. The materials and the specific dimensions of the projectile 10 can be designed as described above.

[0077] Figure 4 shows a perspective exploded view of another embodiment of the proposed projectile 10. This embodiment largely corresponds to the embodiment of the projectile 10 described above in connection with Figures 2 and 3, so that reference is made to the explanations therein to avoid repetition.

[0078] In contrast, the sabot 16 lacks an external thread at the central portion 52, and the sabot 18 lacks an internal thread at the receiving portion 54. Instead, the central portion 52 is cylindrical, and the receiving portion 54 is annular.

[0079] Two groove sections 76, 78 are formed on the central section 52 of the sabot 16 and on the receiving section 54 of the sabot 18. Furthermore, two insert elements 80 are provided, one of which extends into the groove sections 76, 78 in the coupled state, so that the sabot 18 and the core 12 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The insert element 80 can be made of steel and has a cuboid shape.

[0080] The groove sections 76, 78 each extend along a longitudinal groove axis oriented parallel to the projectile axis 11. In the coupled state, the groove sections 76, 78 are each aligned with one another, so that the insert elements 80 each protrude proportionally into the groove sections 76, 78. In the example, the groove sections 76, 78 are each arranged diametrically opposite one another at the central section 52 and the receiving section 54.

[0081] In addition, a first profile feature 81 is formed on the central section 52, and a corresponding second profile feature 82 is formed on the receiving section 54, which can be locked or are locked together in the coupled state. In the example, the profile features 81, 82 are formed circumferentially and are interrupted only by the groove sections 76, 78. The first profile feature 81 is raised, for example, as a raised collar or annular collar on the central section 52. The second profile feature 82 is recessed, for example, as a recessed groove or annular groove for receiving the collar or annular collar. In principle, a reverse design is also conceivable, as explained above.

[0082] Another difference is that the retaining arms 26 are designed without groove engagement elements on their inner side (radially inward or facing the projectile axis 11). Thus, there is no axial locking between the retaining arms 26 and the grooves 38 in the core 12.

[0083] At the rear end of the sabot 16, relative to the firing direction SR, a recess 65 is formed, which, however, is free of a tool engagement recess or does not form one. The recess 65 can be stepped, i.e., have several axial sections with different inner diameters. The outer surface of the sabot 18 is free of contact surfaces, in particular parallel ones, which serve as a tool engagement section for an open-end wrench. Thus, the projectile 10 is particularly easy to load, since no (additional) tool is required.

[0084] Figure 5 shows a possible design of the

[0085] Embodiment of the projectile from Figure 4 in the assembled state, in a partially sectioned view. This embodiment largely corresponds to the embodiment of the projectile 10 described above in connection with Figure 4, so that reference is made to the explanations therein to avoid repetition.

[0086] In contrast, no anti-rotation device by means of groove sections and insert elements is provided between the sabot 16 and the sabot 18. In other words, the central section 52 of the sabot 16 and the receiving section 54 of the sabot 18 are designed free of insert elements and groove sections for receiving insert elements.

[0087] The assembly of the projectile 10 from Figures 4 and 5 can be carried out as follows:

[0088] First, the insert element 50 is inserted into the groove section 46 of the sabot 16. The core 12 with the ballistic hood 14 attached to it is then inserted into the opening 20 of the sabot 16, ensuring that the insert element 50 is positioned correctly. The holding arms 26 do not open or only open to a limited extent when the core 12 is inserted. Due to the lack of a groove engagement element on the holding arms 26, there is no locking with the core 12. In the next step, the sabot 16, on which the core 12 with hood 14 and the insert element 50 are already located, is to be inserted into the sabot 18.

[0089] Depending on whether groove sections 76, 78 and insert elements 80 are used, the correct rotational orientation must be observed when plugging them together: The groove sections 76, 78 must be aligned for inserting the insert element 80 or for providing the anti-twist protection. If the sabot 16 and sabot 18 are joined close enough together during plugging, the profile features 81, 82 lock to prevent the parts from becoming axially loose.

[0090] Figure 6 shows a cartridged ammunition 100 in a perspective view.

[0091] The cartridge-loaded ammunition 100 comprises a projectile 10 having one or more of the above aspects and a cartridge case 102. The projectile 10 is accordingly mounted in the cartridge case 102 and inserted partially into the cartridge case 102. The projectile 10 is, for example, the projectile 10 shown in Figures 2 and 3.

[0092] To the rear (in the firing direction SR) of the projectile 10, a propellant igniter 104 and propellant powder 106 are arranged in the cartridge case 102 (shown only symbolically here). Regarding the dimensions of the projectile 10 and the cartridge-loaded ammunition 100, reference is made to the above explanations. Figure 7 shows the cartridge-loaded ammunition 100 in the cartridge chamber 502 of a firing device 500 in a perspective and partially sectioned view.

[0093] The launcher 500 has a tube 504, which is shown only in sections. Not shown are the propellant igniter and propellant powder of the ammunition 100. The breech of the launcher 500 with the firing device is also not shown.

[0094] In the example, the cartridge-loaded ammunition 100 is inserted into the cartridge chamber 502 according to Figure 6. The cartridge-loaded ammunition 100 can be fired with the projectile 10 by means of the launcher 500.

[0095] During the preliminary shot, the actual projectile that affects the target is the KE penetrator or core 12. The core 12 is spin-stabilized along its trajectory, for which the angular velocity must be sufficiently high. To ensure this, the core 12 must be firmly clamped relative to the sabot 16 and / or the sabot 18. This aspect is particularly important due to the material of the core 12 (usually tungsten heavy metal) with its high density and high moment of inertia. If the clamping forces are insufficient, i.e. if the spin is not transferred from the sabot 16 or sabot 18 to the core 12 without losses, the angular velocity may be too low for stabilization, which can result, for example, in an excessively large and increasing precession angle. In the launcher 500, the spin generation of the core 12 is

[0096] (only partially shown) barrel 504 is provided with helically cut grooves (not shown). Between these grooves remain fields (not shown) which, upon firing, cut into a rear and conical part of the sabot 18 and, during this passage, generate a rotary movement of the projectile 10. The design of the external thread 56 and internal thread 58 as left-hand threads is due to the "right-hand twist" of the barrel 504 (with a "left-hand twist" in the barrel 504, the external thread 56 and the internal thread 58 would be designed as right-hand threads; i.e. the thread rotation direction is opposite to the twist direction of the barrel 504).

[0097] One aim of the invention is to achieve spin stabilization as effectively as possible, i.e. to ensure that the core 12 with ballistic cap 14 flies stably and obediently along its trajectory. In the example, the six holding arms 26 of the sabot 16 serve this purpose. In the case of the projectile 10 according to Figures 2 and 3, these brace the core 12 when the sabot 18 is screwed to the sabot 16. In the case of the projectile 10 according to Figures 4 and 5, the holding arms 26 are braced by the sabot 18 during projectile acceleration during firing, unless they are sufficiently braced during coupling or assembly.

[0098] In addition, the field-tensile profile of the barrel 504 exerts radial compressive forces on the projectile 10 as it passes through the barrel. This combination of axial force due to the screw connection and / or the acceleration as well as the radial pressure ensures a good transfer of the spin from the sabot 18 to the core 12. The function of the holding arms 26 is similar to a collet chuck: Through the slots 24 between the clamping wedges or holding arms

[0099] 26, the opening 20 inside the sabot 16 is evenly compressed, whereby the core 12 is centered and clamped with high precision. The insert element 50 and any additional insert elements 80, in addition to the clamping wedges or retaining arms 26, ensure the reliable transmission of the swirl torque from the sabot 18 to the core 12.

[0100] After the projectile has been fired from the launcher 500, a spin builds up due to the tensile field profile of the barrel 504, as described above. The clamping or wedging effect of the clamping wedges or holding arms 26 and the insert element 50 must transmit a minimum torque of at least approx. 20 Nm (Newton meters). When the projectile leaves the muzzle of the barrel 504, the spin angular velocity is approx. 13,500 1 / s. As soon as the projectile 10 has left the barrel 504, the sabot 18 tears at the predetermined breaking points or grooves 68 (acting centrifugal force > 10 kN (kilo-Newtons)). After these have broken off, the core 12 with sabot 16 is exposed. The clamping wedges or Retaining arms 26 are designed such that they also break off at their predetermined breaking points 42. Optional air pockets on the sabot 16 and sabot 18 can assist in breaking off the sabot 18 and the retaining arms 26 (air pockets act as air brakes).Due to the drag forces (air resistance), the remaining sabot 16 (supporting arms 26 already torn off) is pulled away from the core 12 with the ballistic cap 14. The core 12 with the ballistic cap 14 is thus exposed and flies toward the target.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Projectile (10), preferably a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile, with a terminal ballistic effective core (12) extending along a projectile axis (11), a sabot (16), and a sabot (18), wherein the sabot (16) has an opening (20) in which a first section (22) of the core (12) is received, wherein the sabot (18) can be coupled or is coupled to the sabot (16) and, in the coupled state, surrounds the core (12) and the sabot (16), characterized in that the sabot (16) has two or more holding arms (26) distributed along its circumferential direction and separated from one another by slots (24), which in their entirety define the opening (20) and overlap the first section (22) of the core (12), wherein the sabot (18) has a passage (28) with a inner wall, wherein in the coupled state a wall section (30) of the inner wall rests against an outer side of the holding arms (26),that the holding arms (26) are pressed inwards against the first portion (22) of the core (12) and hold the core (12) in the opening (20)., 2. Projectile (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding arms (26) in their entirety with their outer sides define a cone (34) tapering towards the free end (32) of the holding arms (26), wherein the wall section (30) of the inner wall of the sabot (18) defines a counter cone (36) corresponding to the cone (34).

3. Projectile (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two circumferential grooves (38) are formed on the first section (22) of the core (12), wherein the holding arms (26) overlap the grooves (38), wherein the holding arms (26) are designed free of groove engagement elements on their inner side or wherein several or all holding arms (26) each have at least one groove engagement element (40) on their inner side, which engages in one of the grooves (38).

4. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding arms (26) are each connected to the sabot (16) in a materially integral manner, in particular of a uniform material, wherein a predetermined breaking point (42) is formed on each of the holding arms (26).

5. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a groove section (46, 48) is formed at the base of the opening (20) and at an end face of the first section (22) facing the base, wherein an insert element (50) is provided which projects into the groove sections (46, 48) so that the sabot (16) and the core (12) are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner.

6. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sabot (16) has a preferably cylindrical central section (52) and the sabot cage (18) has a preferably annular receiving section (54), wherein the Middle section (52) in the coupled state in Receiving section (54) is recorded.

7. Projectile (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one groove section (76, 78) is formed on the central section (52) of the sabot (16) and on the receiving section (54) of the sabot (18), wherein at least one further insert element (80) is provided which projects into the groove sections (76, 78) so that the sabot (18) and the core (12) are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner.

8. Projectile (10) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the sabot (16) has a first profile feature (81) on the central section (52) and that the sabot (18) has a corresponding second profile feature (82) on the receiving section (54), which can be locked or are locked together in the coupled state.

9. Projectile (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the sabot (16) has an external thread (56) on the central section (52) and that the sabot (18) has a corresponding internal thread (58) on the receiving section (54).

10. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sabot (18) is made of plastic and is machined.

11. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the rear portion (22) of the core (12), in particular starting from a relative to the firing direction (SR) rearward front side, a bore (62) is formed.

12. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tool engagement recess (64), in particular a hexagonal driving profile, is formed at the rear end of the sabot (16) with respect to the firing direction (SR) and / or that one set or two sets of mutually opposite and mutually parallel contact surfaces (66) are formed on the sabot (18).

13. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sabot (18) has a plurality of predetermined breaking points (68) which are oriented at least in sections parallel to the projectile axis (11).

14. Projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sabot (16) has at its rear end in the firing direction (SR) a collar (70) which projects beyond the passage (28) of the sabot (18) orthogonally to the projectile axis (11), wherein a circumferential and outwardly open recess (72) is formed in the collar (70).

15. Use of a projectile (10) according to one of the preceding claims for combating an armoured target, in particular an armour plate.

16. Cartridge ammunition (100) comprising a projectile (10) according to one of claims 1 to 14 and a cartridge case (102).

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