Laminated safety glass

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated safety glass (1) of a ship's glazing, consisting of a composite of multiple glass layers, wherein a core (2) made of at least one load-bearing and prestressed glass layer (3) is provided, wherein at least one load-bearing glass layer (3) of the core (2) is chemically prestressed. According to the invention, a respective protective layer (4) made of at least one glass layer (5) is provided on both sides of the core (2), said protective layers (4) being connected to the core (2) via a full-surface connecting layer (7), for example a composite film (8) or an adhesive layer (8'), and at least one glass layer (5) of each protective layer (4) consists of partially thermally prestressed glass and each glass layer (5) of each protective layer (4) consists of transparent glass.

Description

[0001] laminated safety glass

[0002] The invention relates to a laminated safety glass for ship glazing, consisting of a composite of several glass layers, wherein a core is provided consisting of at least one load-bearing and tempered glass layer, wherein at least one load-bearing glass layer of the core is chemically tempered.

[0003] In certain applications, both in the marine and architectural sectors, glazing must possess specific safety features. Particularly on very large cruise ships, glazing is subjected to enormous stresses from wind, water, torsional forces, etc., which is why the glazing must exhibit corresponding strength. For this reason, such glazing typically consists of a laminate of several glass layers, which are appropriately tempered or hardened. Laminated glass consists of at least two glass panes or layers bonded together by an interlayer. In the case of glazing a safety-relevant area of ​​a cruise ship, especially the bridge, in addition to strength properties, the glazing must also have optimal optical quality and be free of waviness or similar defects.possesses properties that could lead to optical distortions or falsifications and consequently even to dangerous errors. Even though such optical distortions or falsifications in architectural glazing generally do not pose a danger, they are still usually undesirable. Furthermore, the brittle nature of the glass presents an additional risk, as damage to a glass layer can reduce its strength and impair its optical properties.

[0004] Glazing of the type in question is known from the prior art, which meets particularly high mechanical requirements and can be used, for example, in ship glazing.

[0005] In the case of tempered glasses with increased strength, a fundamental distinction is made between thermally tempered glasses, where the glass is heated and then cooled in a controlled manner, and chemically tempered glasses, where the glass is immersed in potassium nitrate baths. Tempered glasses are characterized by compressive stresses on the surface and tensile stresses in the interior. Thermally fully tempered glasses exhibit a parabolic stress distribution across their cross-section. Thermally partially tempered glasses have a lower flexural strength than thermally fully tempered glasses and exhibit a flatter parabolic stress distribution. Chemically tempered glasses are significantly more highly tempered and have very high flexural strength and a different stress distribution than thermally tempered glasses, in which the surface compressive stress is only present to a small extent below the surface.This is why even small, shallow injuries to the surface of chemically tempered glass can lead to a significant reduction in strength.

[0006] For example, DE 10 2006 042 538 describes a laminated glass, glazing element, and a method for its production, which meets extremely high mechanical requirements and can be more easily functionalized. For this purpose, the laminated glass consists of at least one thick glass pane with a thickness of more than 2.1 mm made of chemically tempered glass and at least one thin glass pane with a thickness of less than 1.5 mm, which can be untempered or chemically prestressed. Furthermore, the thin glass pane has a correspondingly functionalized surface to achieve the desired functional properties.

[0007] EP 1 241 144 Al describes a laminated safety glass suitable for use in shipbuilding, designed to offer appropriate strength and the lowest possible weight. To this end, this laminated safety glass comprises at least two chemically tempered glass panes bonded together by interlayer films.

[0008] WO 2022 / 073645 A1 describes a high-strength glazing, particularly for ship glazing or architectural glazing, with two high-strength glass panes and a functional block positioned between them and bonded to the glass panes via adhesive layers. The high-strength glass panes can be made of chemically tempered or thermally tempered glass. The design of this glazing focuses primarily on the arrangement of outer, high-strength glass panes to ensure or increase the mechanical strength of the overall assembly, especially the less load-bearing core.

[0009] The object of the present invention is therefore to create a laminated safety glass of the aforementioned type, which should exhibit the required strength properties as reliably as possible. In particular, the strength properties should not be compromised by minor damage, thus preventing the need to replace the laminated safety glass. Disadvantages of known laminated safety glasses should be avoided or at least reduced.

[0010] This problem is solved by providing a protective layer on each side of the core, consisting of at least one glass layer. These protective layers are connected to the core via a full-surface bonding layer, and at least one glass layer of each protective layer is made of thermally partially tempered glass, while each glass layer of each protective layer is made of transparent glass. The at least one load-bearing glass layer of the core is chemically tempered. As mentioned above, chemically tempered glass is particularly strong. The stress distribution of chemically tempered glass is characterized by an abrupt drop in stress at the surfaces of the pane. This is also why even small, shallow damage to the surface of chemically tempered glass can lead to a significant reduction in strength.The protective layers arranged on both sides according to the invention effectively protect the core of the laminated safety glass, which contains at least one load-bearing glass layer, from damage or impairment, thus preventing a reduction in its strength properties and ensuring that the required strength properties are maintained. Since the protective layer does not assume any strength properties of the laminated safety glass, slight damage to the surface of the protective layer would not lead to a reduction in the strength properties of the laminated safety glass, and therefore no replacement is necessary. At least one glass layer of each protective layer consists of thermally tempered glass. Such glass is particularly cost-effective.Because each glass layer of each protective layer consists of transparent glass, the optical properties of the core of the laminated safety glass are affected as little as possible by the protective layers. The bonding layer between the protective layer and the core is typically permanent, i.e., non-removable. Naturally, each full-surface bonding layer, through which the glass layer of the protective layer is connected to the core or its load-bearing glass layer, also consists of transparent material. Another significant advantage of the invention is that sufficient visibility through the entire glazing is maintained even if the protective layer breaks, particularly if the protective layer is made of partially tempered glass. For example, on a ship, even if the laminated safety glass breaks due to the impact of a stone or similar object, visibility for navigation can be slightly impaired.Otherwise, the damaged glazing would have to be replaced immediately. With conventional bridge glazing on ships (for example, made of ESG 614), after glass breakage, there would be no visibility and therefore no safe continuation of the journey, for example, of the cruise ship. Laminated safety glass is usually flat or slightly curved and can be available in various shapes (rectangular, square, round, oval, etc.).

[0011] At least one glass layer of the core can also be thermally tempered. As mentioned above, thermally tempered or partially tempered glass has a parabolic stress distribution and exhibits lower strength compared to chemically tempered glass panes. Depending on the application, the core of laminated safety glass can consist of a combination of differently or identically tempered glass layers, bonded together via full-surface bonding layers.

[0012] To increase the overall strength properties of laminated safety glass, the core can consist of several layers of glass bonded together via a full-surface bonding layer. The glass layers of the core can, for example, each have a thickness between 3 mm and 25 mm. Naturally, the thickness depends on the dimensions of the laminated safety glass and its specific application.

[0013] In any case, the core of the laminated safety glass will have a thickness of at least 3 mm.

[0014] If at least one glass layer of the core and / or one glass layer of a protective layer has a coating, the laminated safety glass can be equipped with a function. The coating can, for example, be a solar control coating, a heat-insulating coating, a heating layer, heating wires, a liquid crystal layer, or the like, or even combinations thereof.

[0015] Each protective layer of the laminated safety glass, for example, has a thickness of at least 3 mm.

[0016] The bonding layers between the glass layers of the core, between the glass layers of each protective layer, and between the protective layers and the core can be formed by interlayer films or laminating films. The glass layers are bonded together via at least one interlayer film, similar to a double-sided adhesive layer. For example, the interlayer film can be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or a tonoplast, such as SentryGlas® SG5000 or SentryGlas® Xtra™ SGX SG6000, etc.

[0017] Alternatively, the bonding layers between the glass layers of the core and between the glass layers of each protective layer, and between the protective layers and the core, can also be formed by a full-surface adhesive layer. The adhesive can be applied to the respective glass layers in various ways, for example by spraying, rolling, or brushing.

[0018] If spacers are arranged between the core and at least one protective layer of glass facing the core, and a gap is formed between the glass layer (at least one protective layer) and the core, insulating glass can be formed. Of course, multiple spacers and thus multiple gaps can be arranged to form multi-layer insulating glass.

[0019] The spacers can, for example, have a thickness between 10 mm and 20 mm.

[0020] According to another feature of the invention, the space is filled with a noble gas, for example argon, neon, xenon or krypton.

[0021] If the air in the space is to be connected to the environment, openings can be arranged in the spacer.

[0022] If the air exchange between the space and the environment is to be restricted or only allowed in one direction, corresponding valves or capillary tubes can also be arranged in the openings in the spacer.

[0023] The core, together with the two protective layers of the laminated safety glass, can have a thickness of between 10 mm and 500 mm. The thickness is, of course, adjusted to the size and shape of the laminated safety glass and its specific application.

[0024] Preferably, each glass layer of the core consists of low-iron glass and has a color rendering index greater than or equal to 99. Optimal visibility through the laminated safety glass is particularly important in safety-relevant areas of a ship, for example, in the glazing of the bridge.

[0025] At least one glass layer of the core and / or at least one glass layer of the protective layers can be made of soda-lime silicate glass. This is standard float glass or low-iron glass, which is relatively inexpensive. However, float glass has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion compared to borosilicate glass. Alternatively or additionally, at least one glass layer of the core and / or at least one glass layer of the protective layers can also be made of borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass has a significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion, higher strength, and higher chemical resistance than soda-lime silicate glass, but is also correspondingly more expensive. Due to its lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher resistance to thermal shock, borosilicate glass is better suited for fire protection applications than soda-lime silicate glass.For certain applications, protective layers can of course also be combined with several glass layers made of different materials.

[0026] The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:

[0027] Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of conventional laminated safety glass; Figs. 2a to 2c show the stress distributions across the thickness of a glass layer in thermally partially tempered glass, thermally tempered glass, and chemically tempered glass;

[0028] Fig. 3 shows a laminated safety glass with a protective layer on one side of the core in cross-section;

[0029] Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional embodiment of a laminated safety glass according to the invention;

[0030] Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a laminated safety glass according to the invention in cross-section;

[0031] Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a laminated safety glass according to the invention in cross-section;

[0032] Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of a laminated safety glass according to the invention in cross-section; and

[0033] Fig. 8 shows a side view of the laminated safety glass according to Fig. 7 from the right.

[0034] Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a conventional laminated safety glass 1. Accordingly, the laminated safety glass 1, or rather the core 2 of the laminated safety glass 1, consists of a composite of several glass layers 3, wherein at least one load-bearing glass layer 3 is provided, which is prestressed or tempered accordingly so that the necessary strength properties are met. The two glass layers 3 are connected to each other via a full-surface bonding layer 7. The bonding layer can be formed by a laminated film 8 or an adhesive layer 8'. Damage to the load-bearing glass layer 3 of the core 2 of the laminated safety glass 1 is to be prevented.

[0035] Figures 2a to 2c show the stress distributions across the thickness of a glass layer for thermally partially tempered glass (TVG), thermally tempered glass (tempered safety glass ESG), and chemically tempered glass (CVG). Stresses with a negative sign are compressive stresses, and stresses with a positive sign are tensile stresses. According to Figure 2a, thermally partially tempered glass exhibits a flat, parabolic stress distribution across the thickness of the glass layer. For thermally tempered glass, i.e., tempered safety glass (ESG), the stress distribution is correspondingly steeper, as shown in Figure 2b. Chemically tempered glasses (CVG) are significantly more stable and have a different stress distribution than thermally partially tempered or thermally tempered glasses, which manifests itself in an abrupt drop in stress at the surfaces of the glass layer (see Fig. 2c).The stress distribution in CVG makes it clear that even small, shallow injuries to the surface of the chemically tempered glass can lead to a significant reduction in strength or even breakage.

[0036] Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of laminated safety glass 1 with a protective layer 4 on one side of the core 3. The laminated safety glass 1 has a core 2 consisting of a load-bearing, tempered glass layer 3. A protective layer 4, consisting of a glass layer 5, is provided on one side of the core 2. This protective layer 4 is connected to the core 2, or more precisely to the load-bearing glass layer 3 of the core 2, via a full-surface bonding layer 7. The protective layer 4 protects the side of the core 2, or the load-bearing glass layer 3 of the core 2, from damage that could compromise the core 2's strength properties. Consequently, repairs can be avoided, and downtime of the object in which the laminated safety glass 1 is installed, for example, a cruise ship, can be prevented or at least shortened.The protective layer 4 allows at least one load-bearing glass layer 3 of the core 2 to consist of chemically tempered glass, which could otherwise lose its strength properties even through slight scratches or other surface damage. The protective layer 4 prevents or significantly reduces the risk of a reduction in the strength properties of the load-bearing glass layer 3.

[0037] Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional embodiment of a laminated safety glass 1 according to the invention. Here, the core 2 of the laminated safety glass 1 consists of three glass layers 3, which are connected to each other via full-surface bonding layers 7. Depending on the requirements, the core 2 can consist of any number of glass layers 3. All glass layers 3 of the core 2 are structurally load-bearing and correspondingly prestressed. At least one glass layer 3 of the core 2 is chemically prestressed. A protective layer 4 is arranged on each side of the core 2, each of which contains a glass layer 5. Each protective layer 4, or the glass layer 5 of the protective layer, is also connected to the core 2, or to the respective outer glass layer 3 of the core 2, via a full-surface bonding layer 7. The full-surface bonding layer 7 can each be formed by at least one composite film 8 or an adhesive layer 8 ' .The protective layers 4 arranged on both sides of the core 2 effectively protect both sides of the core 2 or of the statically load-bearing glass layers 3 of the core 2 from damage.

[0038] Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a laminated safety glass 1 according to the invention in cross-section. In addition to the embodiment according to Fig. 4, coatings 6 are provided here on two glass layers 3 of the core 2, which coatings 6 can be, for example, a solar control coating, a heat protection coating, a heating layer, a liquid crystal layer, or the like. Since chemically tempered glass is more difficult to coat than thermally tempered glass, such coatings 6 can also be arranged on the glass panes 5 of the protective layers 4, which are partially thermally tempered (not shown).

[0039] Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a laminated safety glass 1 according to the invention in cross-section. Here, too, the core 2 of the laminated safety glass 1 consists of three glass layers 3. On one side of the core 2 (here the side shown on the left), a protective layer 4 made of a glass layer 5 is provided, which protective layer 4 is connected to the core 2 or the load-bearing glass layer 3 of the core 2 via a full-surface bonding layer 7. On the other side of the core 2 (here the side shown on the right), another protective layer 4 made of a glass layer 5 is provided, with spacers 9 arranged between the glass layer 5 of the protective layer 4 and the outer glass layer 3 of the core 2. Thus, a space 10 is formed between the glass layer 5 of the protective layer 4 and the glass layer 3 of the core 2, which serves for thermal insulation.The space 10 can also be filled with a noble gas, for example argon, neon, xenon, or krypton. The connection between the glass layer 5 and the spacers 9, as well as between the spacers 9 and the outer glass layer 3 of the core 2, is also made via a bonding layer 7, which in turn can be formed by at least one corresponding laminated film 8 or an adhesive layer 8'.

[0040] Additionally, the thicknesses of the individual layers of the laminated safety glass 1 are shown in Fig. 6. The glass layers 3 of the core 2, for example, each have a thickness d G K between 3 mm and 25 mm. Depending on the thickness of the individual bonding layers 7, the entire core 2 therefore has, for example, a thickness d. K of at least 3 mm. The protective layers 4 or their glass layers 5 can, for example, have a thickness of d. shave a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The spacers 9 and the resulting gap 10 can, for example, have a thickness d. A between 10 mm and 20 mm. Accordingly, a thickness d results. v The total thickness of the laminated safety glass 1 ranges from 10 to 500 mm. Naturally, the thicknesses depend significantly on the dimensions of the laminated safety glass 1 and the specific requirements and intended use, and can vary considerably.

[0041] Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a laminated safety glass 1 according to the invention in cross-section, wherein, in contrast to the variant according to Fig. 6, the protective layer 4 shown on the right is not flush with the core 2 but is set off from the edge R by a predefined width b. z is arranged recessed. This variant allows, for example, the arrangement of a clamp at the edge R of the core 2 of the laminated safety glass 1.

[0042] Additionally, a coating 6, for example a solar control coating or heat protection coating or the like, is arranged on the outer glass layer 3 of the core 2.

[0043] If the air in the space 10 is to be connected to the environment, openings 11 can be arranged in the spacer 9. If the air exchange between the space 10 and the environment is to be restricted or only allowed in one direction, valves 12 can also be arranged in the openings 11.

[0044] Fig. 8 shows a side view of the laminated safety glass 1 according to Fig. 7 from the right. The protective layer 4 can be installed with different spacings or values ​​for the width b. z The laminated safety glass 1 is arranged recessed from the edge R of the core 2. The laminated safety glass 1 can be rectangular, as shown in this view, but can also have any other shape, for example round, oval, etc.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Laminated safety glass (1) of a ship glazing, consisting of a composite of several glass layers, wherein a core (2) is provided of at least one load-bearing and tempered glass layer (3), wherein at least one load-bearing glass layer (3) of the core (2) is chemically tempered, characterized in that a protective layer (4) of at least one glass layer (5) is provided on each side of the core (2), which protective layers (4) are connected to the core (2) via a full-surface bonding layer (7), and at least one glass layer (5) of each protective layer (4) consists of thermally partially tempered glass and each glass layer (5) of each protective layer (4) consists of transparent glass.

2. Laminated safety glass (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one glass layer (3) of the core (2) is thermally prestressed.

3. Laminated safety glass (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core (2) consists of a composite of several glass layers (3) each connected to each other via a full-surface bonding layer (7).

4. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one glass layer (3) of the core (2) and / or one glass layer (5) of a protective layer (4) has a coating (6), for example a solar control coating, heat protection coating, heating layer, liquid crystal layer or the like.

5. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bonding layers (7) between the glass layers (3) of the core (2) and the glass layers (5) of each protective layer (4) are formed by laminated films (8).

6. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bonding layers (7) between the glass layers (3) of the core (2) and the glass layers (5) of each protective layer (4) are formed by a full-surface adhesive layer (8').

7. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that spacers (9) are arranged between the core (2) and the glass layer (5) facing the core (2) of at least one protective layer (4), and a space (10) is formed between the glass layer (5) of the at least one protective layer (4) and the core (2).

8. Laminated safety glass (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the space (10) is filled with noble gas, for example argon, neon, xenon or krypton.

9. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each glass layer (3) of the core (2) consists of low-iron glass with a color rendering index greater than or equal to 99.

10. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one glass layer (3) of the core (2) and / or at least one glass layer (5) of the protective layers (5) is formed from soda-lime silicate glass.

11. Laminated safety glass (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one glass layer (3) of the core (2) and / or at least one glass layer (5) of the protective layers (5) is made of borosilicate glass.

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