Concrete-based energy storage box

Abstract

The present invention provides a concrete-based energy storage box, provided with a tray-shaped housing and a cover plate. The cover plate covers the tray-shaped housing to form a sealed energy storage cavity, and the tray-shaped housing and the cover plate both are made of a concrete composite material. The energy storage box is formed into an independent and enclosed space by means of the tray-shaped housing and the cover plate that are made of the concrete composite material, such that a high temperature caused by battery thermal runaway within a single energy storage box can be effectively confined within the energy storage box. In addition, since the energy storage box made of the concrete composite material has high compressive strength and a long fire resistance duration, fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipes can be flexibly configured inside the energy storage box, such that in the event of a battery fire caused by severe thermal runaway, sufficient time can be provided for the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipes arranged in the energy storage box to deliver a liquid extinguishing agent, thereby promptly and effectively extinguishing the flames inside the energy storage box, and preventing the flames from spreading and affecting other energy storage boxes in an energy storage device.

Description

A concrete energy storage box

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410936416.8, filed on July 12, 2024, entitled "A Precast Concrete Energy Storage Container", the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in part; and also claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202520126117.8, filed on January 20, 2025, entitled "A Concrete Energy Storage Box", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and more specifically to a concrete energy storage tank. Background Technology

[0003] Against the backdrop of my country's energy transition and "dual-carbon" strategy, the proportion of new energy power generation such as photovoltaics and wind power is increasing. However, the instability of clean energy has always been a major problem restricting its popularization and application. To overcome this challenge, energy storage technology has emerged to convert clean energy into electrical energy and store it in energy storage units such as batteries and supercapacitors, releasing it to supply the grid when needed. For factories that require large-scale electricity consumption, they can store electricity during off-peak hours at night when electricity prices are low and release the stored electricity during peak hours during the day to effectively utilize the peak-valley electricity price difference and reduce their electricity costs. Therefore, energy storage power stations are also needed for energy storage.

[0004] Currently, energy storage equipment used in energy storage power stations mainly consists of energy storage containers. These containers have metal frames inside, and multiple battery modules are assembled into a battery pack as an energy storage unit. The battery packs are arranged in an array on the metal frame. The battery pack casing is generally made of aluminum sheet metal. If one battery pack experiences thermal runaway and combustion, the entire battery pack array inside the container is easily affected by the high temperature and fire. Furthermore, because the outer shell of the energy storage container is typically a metal shell with an insulated lining, it is prone to deformation, twisting, and bending under high temperatures, leading to the container burning through and collapsing. This allows flames to spread outwards, making the fire difficult to control.

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to improve the housing structure of the energy storage unit in the energy storage equipment used in energy storage power stations in the existing technology in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] It should be noted that the above description of the background technology is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete explanation of the technical solutions of this application and facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art. It should not be assumed that these technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art simply because they have been described in the background technology section of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to disclose a concrete energy storage box to solve the problem that the compressive strength and fire resistance of the energy storage unit housing structure in existing energy storage devices are poor, resulting in a low fire protection rating of the energy storage devices.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a concrete energy storage box, which is used as a housing structure for an energy storage unit. The energy storage box is equipped with a basin-shaped box body and a cover plate. The cover plate covers the basin-shaped box body to form a closed energy storage cavity. Both the basin-shaped box body and the cover plate are made of concrete composite material.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage box is provided with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe that cooperates with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped box and is provided with a fire extinguishing agent spray end exposed to the energy storage cavity. The overflow branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped box and is provided with an overflow inlet exposed to the energy storage cavity.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a gas extinguishing component is also provided inside the energy storage box. The gas extinguishing component includes a sealed container containing concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas. The sealed container is sealed with a colloid to open its opening. When the temperature inside the energy storage box exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the basin-shaped box is provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet connection end for connecting to the liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe outside the energy storage box, and a liquid-cooled water return connection end for connecting to the liquid-cooled water return branch pipe outside the energy storage box.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the side wall of the basin-shaped box is configured with an electrical box for housing the battery main control module, and the side wall of the basin-shaped box is provided with a wiring area for electrically connecting the interior and exterior of the energy storage box.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, at least one partition plate is provided inside the basin-shaped box, and the partition plate is configured to divide the energy storage cavity into at least two sub-energy storage cavities.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage box is provided with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe connected to the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe is provided with a fire extinguishing agent injection end in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the overflow branch pipe is provided with an overflow inlet in each of the sub-energy storage chambers.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the basin-shaped housing is provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe and a liquid-cooled water return branch pipe. The liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped housing and is provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet end exposed in the sub-energy storage cavity. The liquid-cooled water return branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped housing and is provided with a liquid-cooled water return outlet end exposed in the sub-energy storage cavity.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the partition plate is provided with a wiring area that connects adjacent sub-energy storage cavities for electrical connection between battery modules disposed in the sub-energy storage cavities. The wiring area is configured to seal the gap area except for the electrical connection components during application.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage box is also equipped with a movable component connected to the basin-shaped box body. A support component is embedded inside the basin-shaped box body. The movable component includes a pulley, a pulley shaft for supporting and driving the pulley, and a bearing sleeved on the pulley shaft. The bearing is welded and fixed to the support component.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] This invention provides a concrete energy storage tank. Through a basin-shaped body and cover made of concrete composite material, the energy storage tanks form independent and enclosed spaces. This effectively confines the high temperatures generated by battery thermal runaway within a single energy storage tank and provides a longer time for fire extinguishing. The enclosed energy storage tank has a low oxygen content, allowing the flames to self-extinguish after ignition for battery fires with mild thermal runaway. Furthermore, the high compressive strength and long fire resistance of the concrete composite material allow for flexible configuration of extinguishing agent supply pipes within the tank. For battery fires with severe thermal runaway, this provides ample time for the supply pipes to inject liquid extinguishing agent, effectively extinguishing the flames within the tank and preventing the fire from spreading to other energy storage tanks in the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the energy storage box provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of placing the battery module in the energy storage box provided in Figure 1;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the energy storage box provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of placing the battery module in the energy storage box shown in Figure 3;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage compartment of some embodiments provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the energy storage compartment based on Figure 5;

[0026] Figure 7 is a front view of an energy storage compartment based on some embodiments provided in Figure 5;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage compartment based on the one shown in Figure 5;

[0028] Figure 9 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 8. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that in this application, "horizontal transverse" refers to the direction along the x-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 9, "horizontal longitudinal" refers to the direction along the y-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 9, and "height direction" refers to the direction along the z-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 9. Example 1

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a concrete energy storage box 13 (hereinafter referred to as energy storage box 13), which is equipped with a basin-shaped box body 131 and a cover plate 132. Both the basin-shaped box body 131 and the cover plate 132 are made of concrete composite material. The cover plate 132 covers the basin-shaped box body 131 to form a closed energy storage cavity 130 for accommodating a battery cluster 21 composed of multiple battery modules 211.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1, in one embodiment, the energy storage box 13 is a hexahedral sealed structure, wherein the basin-shaped box body 131 is a pentahedral structure integrally cast from concrete composite material, and the cover plate 132 is a plate-shaped structure integrally cast from concrete composite material that can cover the entire opening of the basin-shaped box body 131. The cover plate 132 is placed on the basin-shaped box body 131 to construct an independent and closed energy storage cavity 130. Preferably, the opening of the basin-shaped box body 131 is upward, and the cover plate 132 is located on top of the basin-shaped box body 131. In other alternative embodiments, the opening of the basin-shaped box body 131 can also be located on the side, and the cover plate 132 can be located on the side of the basin-shaped box body 131.

[0033] An extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 for conveying liquid extinguishing agent is provided inside the energy storage tank 13. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 passes through the basin-shaped tank body 131 and is equipped with an extinguishing agent injection end 1352 exposed inside the energy storage cavity 130, so as to deliver liquid extinguishing agent from the outside of the energy storage tank 13 to the energy storage cavity 130. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is equipped with a liquid extinguishing agent injection end 1351. The extinguishing agent injection end 1351 is preferably located on the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped tank body 131 located on the front side in the horizontal longitudinal direction, or extends forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped tank body 131 for easier connection. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is connected to the extinguishing agent supply main pipe (not shown) provided in the energy storage compartment 10 through the liquid extinguishing agent injection end 1351. For example, the extinguishing agent supply main pipe (not shown) extends along the height direction and is respectively connected to the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 provided in each layer of energy storage box 13.

[0034] The energy storage box 13 is used as an independent fire protection grid. The end of the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is equipped with a fire sprinkler head (not shown). When the battery in the energy storage box 13 catches fire and the triggering condition of the fire sprinkler head is met, the fire sprinkler head in the energy storage box 13 will automatically start and extinguish the flame in the energy storage box 13 in time. Meanwhile, an overflow branch pipe 136 is installed inside the energy storage tank 13 to cooperate with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135. The overflow branch pipe 136 passes through the basin-shaped box 131 and is equipped with an overflow inlet 1361 exposed to the energy storage cavity 130. When liquid fire extinguishing agent is injected into the energy storage cavity 130 through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135, the liquid fire extinguishing agent above the height of the overflow inlet 1361 is discharged through the overflow branch pipe 136, so as to avoid the liquid fire extinguishing agent overflowing and affecting the battery cluster 21 in the other energy storage tanks 13 and other supporting components in the cabin 11. The liquid level in the energy storage cavity 130 is maintained at the height of the overflow inlet 1361. The basin-shaped box 131 contains and carries the liquid fire extinguishing agent, and the battery cluster 21 is immersed in the continuously flowing liquid fire extinguishing agent, so as to continuously cool and extinguish the fire of the entire battery cluster 21. The overflow inlet 1361 is positioned at a height close to the upper surface of the basin-shaped housing 131, preferably higher than the height of the battery cluster 21.

[0035] Overflow branch pipe 136 is equipped with overflow outlet 1362. Overflow outlet 1362 is preferably located on the front side wall 1311 of basin-shaped box 131, or extends forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of basin-shaped box 131 for easier connection. Overflow branch pipe 136 is connected to overflow main pipe (not shown) provided in energy storage compartment 10 through overflow outlet 1362. For example, overflow main pipe (not shown) extends along the height direction and is respectively connected to overflow branch pipes 136 provided in each layer of energy storage box 13.

[0036] Since the basin-shaped housing 131 and cover plate 132 of each energy storage box 13 are made of concrete composite material of a certain thickness, the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 and overflow branch pipe 136 can be pre-embedded in the basin-shaped housing 131, with only the extinguishing agent injection end 1352 and overflow inlet 1361 exposed, thus saving space in the energy storage chamber 130. In other alternative embodiments, the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 can also be arranged through the cover 132.

[0037] In addition to the existing fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 installed in the energy storage tank 13 to deliver liquid fire extinguishing agent for fire suppression, a gas fire extinguishing component (as shown in the diagram) can be added to enhance the fire protection level and fire suppression control performance of the energy storage chamber 10. The gas fire extinguishing component includes a sealed container filled with concentrated or solid fire extinguishing gas. The sealed container's opening is sealed with a colloid. When the temperature inside the energy storage tank 13 exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening, releasing the fire extinguishing gas from the sealed container and injecting it into the energy storage chamber for fire suppression. When some lithium batteries in the battery cluster 21 catch fire due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing method can be set as follows: upon receiving the first fire signal, the gas fire extinguishing component in the burning energy storage tank 13 automatically extinguishes the fire in that energy storage tank 13; upon receiving the second fire signal, the liquid fire extinguishing system is activated to extinguish the fire in the burning energy storage tank 13 through the liquid fire extinguishing agent branch pipe. The extinguishing agent delivered through the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe includes water-based extinguishing agents composed of water and other chemical components. The concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas contained in the gas extinguishing assembly includes at least one of aerosol extinguishing agents, inert gas extinguishing agents, or dry powder extinguishing agents.

[0038] The basin-shaped housing 131 is also equipped with a pressure relief valve 137, which is used to connect the energy storage chamber 130 to the outside when the pressure in the energy storage chamber 130 exceeds a threshold. For example, when extinguishing a fire using a gas extinguishing assembly, if the pressure in the energy storage chamber 130 exceeds the threshold, the pressure relief valve 137 will automatically open to release the pressure.

[0039] Fires can be extinguished using liquid extinguishing agents, such as fire-fighting water. Water has excellent cooling properties, rapidly reducing the temperature of burning materials and thus inhibiting the spread of fire. However, water containing electrolytes has some conductivity. If the lithium battery is still connected to a power source or there are electrical devices nearby when it catches fire, using water to extinguish the fire may cause electric shock or short circuit explosion. Before using fire-fighting water, ensure that the lithium battery in the energy storage tank 13 is completely powered off and that there are no electrical devices nearby. Then, use a continuous and sufficient supply of water to extinguish the fire, ensuring a thorough reduction in battery temperature and preventing heat dissipation.

[0040] A combination of gaseous and liquid extinguishing agents can be used to extinguish fires, leveraging the advantages of each. Specifically, extinguishing gases can quickly cover the fire source in its early stages, isolating oxygen and lowering the temperature; while liquid extinguishing agents (including fire-fighting water) are primarily used for cooling, preventing the fire from spreading and reigniting. After the extinguishing gases extinguish the open flames, the spray nozzles of the liquid extinguishing agent branch pipe 135 are activated to cool the energy storage tank 13 and its internal battery clusters 21 using water or other extinguishing liquids, preventing the lithium batteries from reigniting or experiencing thermal runaway due to high temperatures.

[0041] For battery thermal management, two methods can be used: liquid cooling plate cooling and immersion cooling. For example, liquid cooling plate cooling is used in the energy storage box 13 for battery thermal management to dissipate heat from the battery cluster 21. Specifically, a liquid cooling plate (not shown) is installed at the bottom of the energy storage cavity 130, and a liquid cooling inlet branch pipe and a liquid cooling return branch pipe communicating with the liquid cooling plate are installed in the energy storage cavity 130 to form a liquid cooling circuit. The liquid inlet connection end 1381 of the liquid cooling inlet branch pipe and the liquid return connection end 1382 of the liquid cooling return branch pipe are preferably respectively located on the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131, or extended forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131 for easier connection.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2, in application, the size of the energy storage box 13 is determined by configuring the battery cluster 21 and the required housing space according to the energy storage capacity set for each energy storage box 13.

[0043] In some embodiments, the length of the energy storage box 13 is set to 2.5m-5m, the width to 2m-4m, the height to 0.25-0.5m, and the thickness to 3-5cm. Referring to Figure 1, the length of the energy storage box 13 corresponds to the y-direction, the width to the x-direction, and the height to the z-direction. Based on the above size range of the energy storage box 13, for example, each energy storage box 13 can accommodate battery clusters 21 with an energy storage capacity of several hundred kilowatt-hours. Due to the large volume of the energy storage box 13 and the high density of the concrete composite material, the energy storage box 13 after the battery clusters 21 are placed is quite heavy, typically several tons.

[0044] To facilitate the installation and maintenance of the energy storage box 13, a supporting component (not shown, e.g., a steel reinforcement frame) is embedded within the concrete composite material of the basin-shaped box 131. The energy storage box 13 is equipped with several movable parts 133 connected to the basin-shaped box 131. Each movable part 133 includes a pulley 1331, a pulley shaft 1332 for supporting and driving the pulley 1331, and a bearing (not shown) sleeved on the pulley shaft 1332. The bearing is welded and fixed to the supporting component within the concrete composite material of the basin-shaped box 131. The pulleys 1331 are preferably located on both sides of the basin-shaped box 131 near the bottom surface. Since the energy storage box 13 cannot be pushed manually, an auxiliary lifting and lowering device can be used to push it for installation or disassembly and maintenance. For example, a threaded connection hole 1333 is provided on the front side wall of the basin-shaped box 131, and an electric hoist is connected to the threaded connection hole 1333 for electric lifting and lowering of the energy storage box 13.

[0045] The front sidewall 1311 of the basin-shaped enclosure 131 has an externally mounted high-voltage box 22 for housing the battery main control module, which is used to control and protect the battery clusters 21 inside the energy storage box 13. The front sidewall 1311 of the basin-shaped enclosure 131 has wiring holes for electrically connecting the interior and exterior of the energy storage box 13.

[0046] To further enhance the grid-based management of fire compartments, reduce losses, and mitigate fire safety risks, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in another embodiment, a partition plate 134 is provided within the basin-shaped box 131. The partition plate 134 is configured to divide the energy storage cavity 130 into at least two sub-energy storage cavities 1301, thereby reducing the fire grid of the energy storage box 13. For example, N-1 partition plates 134 are added to the basin-shaped box 131, making it into N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. Preferably, the energy storage cavity 130 is evenly divided into N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. For example, the partition plate 134 is formed by protruding upwards from the bottom surface of the basin-shaped box 131 and extends horizontally to the opposite side plates of the basin-shaped box 131. The partition plate 134 can be integrally formed with the body of the basin-shaped box 131, or it can be connected to the body of the basin-shaped box 131 by splicing. For example, the partition plate 134 is spliced ​​to the body of the basin-shaped box 131 in a plug-in manner, so that the space size of the sub-energy storage cavity 1301 can be flexibly adjusted.

[0047] The cover plate 132 can be an integrated cast-in-place structure that covers the opening of the entire basin-shaped box 131, or it can be composed of multiple sub-cover plates 1320, wherein each sub-cover plate 1320 is a plate-shaped structure integrally cast from concrete composite material, and the size of the sub-cover plate 1320 is adapted to the length and width of the sub-energy storage cavity 1301.

[0048] In one implementation, the battery modules 211 are evenly distributed in N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. That is, in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301, multiple battery modules 211 form a battery module unit 210, and N battery module units 210 form a battery cluster 21. This reduces the number of battery modules installed in each independent cavity, thereby reducing the impact area caused by thermal runaway combustion of batteries within a single battery module 211. A wiring groove 1341 is provided on the partition plate 134 to connect adjacent sub-energy storage cavities 1301, for routing connecting lines between adjacent battery module units 210. For example, the wiring groove 1341 is recessed downwards from the top surface of the partition plate 134. Battery module units 210 are installed in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. The battery module units 210 in adjacent sub-energy storage cavities 1301 are connected in series through wiring channels 1341 via connecting wires (not shown) and the gaps in wiring channels 1341 are sealed so that the sub-energy storage cavities 1301 have independent closed areas.

[0049] Each sub-energy storage chamber 1301 is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135, and a fire sprinkler head (not shown) is configured at the spray end 1352 of the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135. When a battery in a single sub-energy storage chamber 1301 catches fire and the triggering condition of the fire sprinkler head is met, the fire sprinkler head in that sub-energy storage chamber 1301 will automatically activate to extinguish the flames in the sub-energy storage chamber 1301 in a timely manner, so as to prevent the fire from spreading to other sub-energy storage chambers 1301, thereby maximizing fire prevention and control and reducing losses. At the same time, each sub-energy storage chamber 1301 is equipped with an overflow inlet 1361 of an overflow branch pipe 136, which can directly discharge the liquid fire extinguishing agent in the burning sub-energy storage chamber 1301 during fire fighting, preventing the liquid fire extinguishing agent from overflowing and affecting the battery module units 210 in other sub-energy storage chambers 1301.

[0050] For example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the energy storage cavity 130 is divided into four sub-energy storage cavities 1301, and one-quarter of the space size of the energy storage box 13 is used as the minimum fire protection grid.

[0051] A liquid cooling plate (not shown) is provided at the bottom of each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 for heat dissipation of the battery module unit 210 in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. A liquid cooling water inlet output terminal (not shown) and a liquid cooling water return input terminal (not shown) are provided in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. The liquid cooling water inlet input terminal in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 is connected to the liquid inlet connection terminal 1381 of the liquid cooling water inlet branch pipe. The liquid cooling water return output terminal in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 is connected to the liquid return connection terminal 1382 of the liquid cooling water return branch pipe to form a liquid cooling circuit.

[0052] Concrete composite materials have good thermal insulation properties, which can effectively limit the high temperature generated by battery thermal runaway in a single energy storage box 13 to the energy storage box 13 as much as possible, and prevent the high temperature from being transferred to adjacent energy storage boxes 13. Furthermore, since the oxygen content in the energy storage box 13 is low and the sealing is good, the fire of a battery with a minor degree of thermal runaway can be extinguished by itself after it starts burning.

[0053] The compressive strength of ordinary concrete is generally between 20-60 MPa, while that of ultra-high performance concrete is generally above 150 MPa, and some can reach above 200 MPa. Currently, the ultimate compressive strength of concrete can reach 600 MPa. In some embodiments, the energy storage box 13 can be formed of ordinary concrete or ultra-high performance concrete, and the interior of the concrete can be reinforced with steel bars or synthetic fibers to enhance the comprehensive performance of the concrete composite material.

[0054] Because the energy storage box made of concrete composite material has a certain thickness, high compressive strength and long fire resistance time, fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipes can be flexibly configured inside the energy storage box. For battery fires with severe thermal runaway, it can provide a longer time for the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipes configured inside the energy storage box to inject liquid fire extinguishing agent, so that the flames can be extinguished in time and effectively inside the energy storage box 13, preventing the fire from spreading and affecting the other energy storage boxes 13 and the battery clusters 21 inside the energy storage device. Example 2

[0055] Referring to Figures 5 to 8, the present invention provides a precast concrete energy storage chamber 10 (hereinafter referred to as energy storage chamber 10), including a chamber body 11, a door 12 pivotally connected to the chamber body 11, and a plurality of energy storage boxes 13 inserted layer by layer in the chamber body 11 along the height direction. The structure of the energy storage box 13 is as described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0056] The cabin 11 includes walls made of concrete composite material and forms an accommodating space 110 with an opening 1102. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cabin 11 includes a left side wall 111 and a right side wall 112 arranged opposite each other in the horizontal direction, a top wall 113 and a bottom wall 114 arranged opposite each other in the height direction, and a rear side wall 115 located in the horizontal longitudinal direction. The accommodating space 110 is formed by the left side wall 111, the top wall 113, the right side wall 112, the bottom wall 114 and the rear side wall 115.

[0057] In some embodiments, the opening 1102 of the accommodating space 110 is located on the front side in the horizontal longitudinal direction, and the hatch 12 is pivotally connected to the side edge of the opening 1102. The opening or closing state of the opening 1102 is controlled by opening and closing the hatch 12. In other alternative embodiments, the opening 1102 and the hatch 12 may also be located on the rear side in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the accommodating space 110.

[0058] Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 6 to 9, this embodiment provides a sliding connection for the installation and removal of the energy storage box 13 within the cabin 11. Specifically, the inner walls of the left side wall 111 and right side wall 112 of the cabin 11 are provided with track beams 116 extending horizontally. The track beams 116 are configured to divide the accommodating space 110 into several accommodating cavities 1101 along the height direction. The dimensions of the energy storage box 13 are adapted to the accommodating cavities 1101 so that the energy storage box 13 can be inserted into the accommodating cavities 1101 layer by layer along the height direction. The track beams 116 are arranged in two opposing rows along the height direction on the left side wall 111 and right side wall 112, and the two track beams 116 corresponding to each other in the two rows are on the same plane to support the energy storage box 13 on them.

[0059] In this embodiment, the energy storage box 13 is supported on the upper surface of the track beam 116 by pulleys 133. Under the condition of applying a certain pushing or pulling force to the energy storage box 13, the energy storage box 13 can slide along the track beam 116 to insert or remove the energy storage box 13 from the opening 1102. In order to increase the support strength of the track beam 116 for the energy storage box 13 during sliding and reduce the frictional resistance during dragging, as shown in Figure 9, in this embodiment, an angled joint plate 1161 is embedded at the corner of the support surface of the track beam 116. The angled joint plate 1161 is a long strip of steel constructed into a vertical angle. The angled joint plate 1161 extends along the extension direction of the track beam 116, and the pulleys 1331 of the energy storage box 13 are supported by the angled joint plate 1161 of the track beam 116. In application, battery clusters 21 are installed inside the energy storage box 13. Each battery cluster 21 consists of several battery modules 211, which are formed by combining energy storage carriers (currently, lithium batteries are commonly used as energy storage carriers) in a series-parallel manner. The energy storage compartment 10 is equipped with a battery management system to manage and control the battery clusters 21 in each energy storage box 13.

[0060] Lithium batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. Excessive heat accumulation can lead to elevated battery temperature, affecting battery performance and even causing thermal runaway, and can easily produce flammable and explosive gases. In this embodiment, the chamber 11, door 12, and energy storage box 13 are all concrete composite structures made of concrete composite materials. After certain fire-resistant design, even in the event of a fire, the fire resistance of the concrete composite structure remains strong due to the structural characteristics of its internal solidified materials; the molten concrete still possesses strong compressive strength. Therefore, concrete composite structures have better fire resistance than sheet metal structures, resulting in higher safety. Thus, the energy storage chamber 10 provided in this embodiment can effectively confine the high temperatures generated by battery thermal runaway within the energy storage chamber 10, and in the event of a fire, the flames will not escape outside the energy storage chamber 10 and cause flame spread.

[0061] To further improve the fireproof partition performance of the energy storage compartment 10, in this embodiment, as shown in Figures 6 and 8, the four walls of the compartment 11 (i.e., the left side wall 111, the right side wall 112, the top wall 113, and the bottom wall 114) extend outward along the horizontal longitudinal direction from the location of the door 12 to form a front fireproof partition area 1103, and extend upward from the perimeter of the top wall 113 to form a top fireproof partition area 1104. In other embodiments, the four walls of the compartment 11 (i.e., the left side wall 111, the right side wall 112, the top wall 113, and the bottom wall 114) can further extend outward along the horizontal longitudinal direction from the location of the rear wall 115 to form a rear fireproof partition area (not shown).

[0062] When a lithium battery spontaneously combusts, it can explode within a short time if not properly controlled, directly endangering the lives of on-site personnel and the normal operation of other equipment. To reduce the frequency of such accidents, energy storage safety regulations require all energy storage devices to be equipped with explosion-proof ventilation devices (e.g., explosion relief fans) to ensure that the ventilation system can be activated promptly to expel flammable gases and prevent explosions when the concentration of flammable gases exceeds a threshold.

[0063] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, in this embodiment, a first explosion vent 1131 is provided on the top of the compartment 11 (e.g., on the top wall 113), and a second explosion vent 1201 is provided on the hatch 12. Both the first explosion vent 1131 and the second explosion vent 1201 are equipped with explosion vent valves (not shown). An explosion vent fan (not shown) can be installed above the first explosion vent 1131. When the concentration of combustible gas inside the compartment 11 exceeds a threshold, the explosion vent valve and the explosion vent fan automatically open, allowing external air to enter through the second explosion vent 1201, pass through the accommodating space 110, and exit through the first explosion vent 1131, thereby circulating and replacing the air inside the compartment 11.

[0064] The cabin 11 can be integrally cast on-site using concrete composite materials or prefabricated in a factory. For heavier prefabricated cabins, to meet the maximum weight limit for the total mass of highway freight vehicles, the prefabricated cabin can be designed as two or more cabin units, prefabricated in the factory, and then seamlessly spliced ​​on-site. The cabin 11 can be constructed by splicing prefabricated concrete cabin units along the horizontal longitudinal direction or by splicing prefabricated concrete cabin units along the vertical direction.

[0065] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0067] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A concrete energy storage box for accommodating energy storage units, characterized in that, The energy storage box is equipped with a basin-shaped box body and a cover plate. The cover plate covers the basin-shaped box body to form a closed energy storage cavity. Both the basin-shaped box body and the cover plate are made of concrete composite material.

2. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage tank is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe that cooperates with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped tank body and is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent spray end exposed to the energy storage cavity. The overflow branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped tank body and is equipped with an overflow inlet exposed to the energy storage cavity. It is used to inject liquid fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage cavity through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and maintain the liquid level at the level of the overflow inlet through the overflow branch pipe.

3. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage box is also equipped with a gas extinguishing component, which includes a sealed container containing concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas. The sealed container is sealed with a colloid to open its opening. When the temperature inside the energy storage box exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening.

4. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basin-shaped housing is provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet connection end for connecting to the liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe outside the energy storage tank, and a liquid-cooled water return connection end for connecting to the liquid-cooled water return branch pipe outside the energy storage tank.

5. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the basin-shaped enclosure is equipped with an electrical box for housing the battery main control module, and the side wall of the basin-shaped enclosure has a wiring area for electrically connecting the inside and outside of the energy storage box.

6. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one partition plate is provided inside the basin-shaped box. The partition plate is configured to divide the energy storage cavity into at least two sub-energy storage cavities. The partition plate is made of concrete composite material.

7. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy storage tank is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe connected to the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe is provided with a fire extinguishing agent injection end in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the overflow branch pipe is provided with an overflow inlet in each of the sub-energy storage chambers. This allows liquid fire extinguishing agent to be injected into the sub-energy storage chambers through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipes, and the liquid level in the sub-energy storage chambers to be maintained at the level where the overflow inlet is located through the overflow branch pipes.

8. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 6, characterized in that, The basin-shaped housing is provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe and a liquid-cooled water return branch pipe. The liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped housing and is equipped with a liquid-cooled water inlet end exposed in the sub-energy storage cavity. The liquid-cooled water return branch pipe passes through the basin-shaped housing and is equipped with a liquid-cooled water return outlet end exposed in the sub-energy storage cavity.

9. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 6, characterized in that, The partition plate is provided with a wiring area that connects adjacent sub-energy storage cavities for electrical connection between battery modules disposed in the sub-energy storage cavities. The wiring area is configured to seal the gap area except for the electrical connection components during application.

10. The concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage box is also equipped with a movable component connected to the basin-shaped box body. A support component is embedded inside the basin-shaped box body. The movable component includes a pulley, a pulley shaft for supporting and driving the pulley, and a bearing sleeved on the pulley shaft. The bearing is welded and fixed to the support component.

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