Repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs

Abstract

The present invention provides a repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, the composition comprising 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde as an active ingredient. The invention also provides a method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, the method comprising using the compound or the composition containing same, and uses of the compound or the composition containing same for use in repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs.

Description

Repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs

[0001] The present invention relates to a repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. More particularly, the present invention relates to a repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs comprising 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde as an active ingredient. The present invention also relates to a method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs comprising the use of the compound or a composition comprising the compound, and to the use of the compound or a composition comprising the compound for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs.

[0002] Bedbugs are external parasitic pests belonging to the Cimicidae family of the Hemiptera order. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis and feed on mammalian blood. Bedbugs that feed on human blood include Cimex lectularius, which inhabits temperate regions, and Cimex hemipterus, which is mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions, both of which are found in Korea. Although bedbugs have not been proven to directly transmit disease, their bites cause itching of the skin, and repeated bites can lead to serious psychological damage. Bedbugs can survive for more than three months without feeding, and their tendency to hide in crevices in furniture, fabric piles, wallpaper, and woodwork makes them difficult to control.

[0003] Pyrethroids are the most widely used pesticides worldwide for bed bug control. They act on voltage-gated sodium channels distributed in the axons of bed bug nerves, causing neurotoxicity. Because of their rapid and durable effects, low toxicity, and low cost, pyrethroids are used to control various pests, including bed bugs. However, resistance to pyrethroids has recently been reported. For example, bed bugs resistant to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin and beta-cyfluthrin have been reported (Zach N. Adellman et al., PloS ONE, October 2011, Vol. 6, Issue 10). This resistance to pyrethroids is primarily due to mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels. Since the mutation was first reported in bed bugs in 2008, bed bugs with high levels of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides have been distributed worldwide.

[0004] Therefore, various studies are being conducted to develop effective methods to control bed bugs resistant to pyrethroid. For example, neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid and dinotefuran, which have different mechanisms of action than pyrethroid insecticides, and pyrrole insecticides such as chlorfenapyr have been introduced as alternative agents. However, existing compounds with control activity against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, including the above compounds, are classified as moderately to slightly hazardous (Class II~III) according to the WHO mammalian acute toxicity criteria. Furthermore, DEET, a representative compound showing repellent efficacy other than insecticides, is classified as low toxicity, but cases of skin irritation have been reported. Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop alternative agents with high safety.

[0005] The present inventors conducted extensive research to develop a safe agent with excellent repellent activity against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. Surprisingly, the inventors discovered that a specific compound, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, widely used as a flavoring agent (or odorant) in the food industry, exhibited excellent repellent activity against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs.

[0006] Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide a pyrethroid-resistant bed bug repellent composition comprising 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde as an active ingredient.

[0007] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs comprising the use of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or a composition comprising the same; and a use of the compound or a composition comprising the same for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs is provided, comprising 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde as an active ingredient.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs is provided, comprising applying 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or a composition comprising the same to an area, household product, or object requiring repelling of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or a composition comprising the same for use in repelling pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs.

[0011] The present invention has revealed that 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, widely used as a flavorant or odorant in the food industry, has excellent repellent activity against pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. Therefore, the composition according to the present invention can be usefully applied to control pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs.

[0012] Figure 1 shows an example of a test set for evaluating repellent efficacy.

[0013] Figure 2 shows an example of the distribution of bed bugs after treatment with a test formulation.

[0014] The present invention provides a pyrethroid-resistant bedbug repellent composition comprising a compound of the following chemical formula 1 as an active ingredient.

[0015] <Chemical Formula 1>

[0016]

[0017] The compound of the above chemical formula 1 has a chemical name of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and is a known substance widely used as a flavorant or odorant in the food industry, and is a substance with excellent safety.

[0018] Pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs are bed bugs that exhibit resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Examples of the above pyrethroid insecticides include allethrin, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, imiprothrin, cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, prallethrin, resmethrin, silafluorene, sumithrin, fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, Including, but not limited to, transfluthrin.

[0019] In one embodiment, a bed bug exhibiting resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is a bed bug having a mutation in a voltage-gated sodium channel. For example, a pyrethroid-resistant bed bug includes a bed bug having a valine to leucine mutation (V419L) and / or a leucine to isoleucine mutation (L925I) in the alpha subunit gene of a voltage-gated sodium channel.

[0020] In the repellent composition according to the present invention, the content of the active ingredient (i.e., the compound of chemical formula 1) varies depending on the formulation of the composition, the region requiring repellence of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, the household product, or the target, but may be present at a concentration of, for example, 1 to 30 w / v%, preferably 2 to 15 w / v%, and more preferably 2.5 to 10 w / v% in the composition in solution form.

[0021] The repellent composition according to the present invention may, in addition to the active ingredient, contain a carrier and / or additive commonly used in the field of pesticides (repellents), and may be formulated in various forms depending on the intended use or application environment. The carrier and / or additive may be selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, medium-chain triglycerides (e.g., triglycerides having two or three fatty acids containing an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbon atoms), and C1 to C4 alcohols. The carrier and / or additive may contain conventional substances for improving ease of use, economy, formulation, repellent ability, and repellent time, and may include, but are not limited to, fragrances, emulsifiers, dispersants, etc. The formulation of the repellent composition according to the present invention may be in the form of a solution, aerosol, pump spray, powder, granule, ointment, cream, bead, tablet, extract, fluid extract, lotion, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0022] In one embodiment, the repellent composition according to the present invention may be in the form of a solution obtained by dissolving the active ingredient and carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous ethanol solution. In this embodiment, the aqueous ethanol solution may be an ethanol solution of 20 to 70 v / v%, for example, about 40 v / v%; and the carboxymethyl cellulose may be present in an amount of 0.2 to 1 w / v%, for example, about 0.5 w / v%.

[0023] In another embodiment, the repellent composition according to the present invention may be in the form of a solution obtained by dissolving the active ingredient and medium-chain triglycerides in an aqueous ethanol solution. In this embodiment, the aqueous ethanol solution may be an ethanol solution of 20 to 70 v / v%, for example, about 40 v / v%; and the medium-chain triglycerides may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 w / v%, for example, about 0.02 w / v%.

[0024] The repellent composition according to the present invention can be applied to an area, a household item (including home appliances), or a subject (e.g., mammals or birds, including humans or livestock) requiring control of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. For example, the repellent composition according to the present invention can be directly dispersed or sprayed in an area requiring control of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, applied directly to the skin of mammals or birds, including humans or livestock, or applied to household items such as clothing, bags, bands, tents, or indoors. When applied to an area requiring control of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, the repellent composition can be applied by directly dispersing or spraying it into the air. For example, when applied to a certain space, such as inside a building, the repellent composition according to the present invention can be placed on a porous carrier that continuously releases the repellent composition. When applied directly to the skin of mammals or birds, an appropriate amount can be applied or sprayed onto the skin. When applied directly to the skin, the repellent composition should be non-irritating, or, if present, should be extremely small enough not to cause skin problems. In addition, when applied to daily necessities, capsules containing a repellent composition may be manufactured and directly mixed into materials for daily necessities such as fabrics, cloth, bands, or plastics, so that when the capsules burst due to friction, the contained repellent composition is released into the air to exhibit repellent properties, or may be directly mixed in and then slowly released into the air. The repellent composition according to the present invention may also be applied to home appliances such as air purifiers, air conditioners, and air conditioners. Application to such home appliances may be appropriately modified according to conventional methods.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, comprising applying the compound of the above chemical formula 1 or a composition comprising the same to an area, household product, or object requiring repellence of pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. In the repelling method according to the present invention, the carrier and / or additive, the application method including the medium, etc. additionally contained in the pyrethroid-resistant bed bug repellent composition are as described above.

[0026] The present invention also provides the use of the compound of formula 1 or a composition comprising the same for use in repelling pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. In the use according to the present invention, the carrier and / or additives, the application method including the medium, etc. additionally contained in the pyrethroid-resistant bed bug repellent composition are as described above.

[0027] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. However, these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0028] Example

[0029] The compound of chemical formula 1 (3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, test substance) was provided to the Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Department of Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and its repellent efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs (strain A bed bugs) and pyrethroid-susceptible bed bugs (strain B bed bugs) was evaluated. In addition, the repellent efficacy of the test substance was compared using two different formulations (vehicles).

[0030] 1. Test method

[0031] A. Bedbug

[0032] Repellent efficacy was cross-validated using distinct species of bed bugs bred indoors in the laboratory:

[0033] ① Strain A: A bed bug strain that exhibits resistance to pyrethroid insecticides by more than 1,000 times, and is a bed bug strain that was bred in a laboratory for two years after being collected externally.

[0034] ② Strain B: A bed bug strain that is susceptible to various bed bug control insecticides, including pyrethroids, and has been bred in a laboratory for more than 15 years.

[0035] Five adult females, five adult males, and ten nymphs of various instars were used as a single biological replicate. After testing repellent efficacy using strain A, strain B was used as a minimal test to verify whether the same repellent efficacy was observed.

[0036] B. Test formulation

[0037] The test formulation was prepared by dissolving the compound of chemical formula 1 (3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, test substance) in the following two types of vehicles at concentrations of 10 w / v%, 5 w / v%, or 2.5 w / v%:

[0038] ① Vehicle 1: 0.5 w / v% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) + 40 v / v% ethanol

[0039] ② Vehicle 2: 0.02 w / v% medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil + 40 v / v% ethanol

[0040] As negative controls, two types of vehicles containing no test substance were used. As positive controls, commercially available products 15% DEET (Mosquito Outdoor Aerosol, 24001, Shinshin Pharmaceutical), 7% DEET (Mosnet Pro Liquid, WC072307, Dongkook Pharmaceutical), and 15% Icaridin (Mos Safe Guard Liquid, MSG23-08, Shinshin Pharmaceutical) were used.

[0041] C. Testing Process

[0042] <Avoid Test>

[0043] Circular filter paper (90 mm diameter, Whatman, No. 4) was cut in half. Each half was treated with a different solution. Holding the end of each filter paper half with tweezers, 400 μl of the solution was evenly applied using a pipette, ensuring complete saturation without any voids. The filter paper was allowed to dry completely. The same application method was used for the test formulations, positive control, and negative control. For the 15% DEET aerosol spray formulation, the solution was evenly sprayed in a fume hood instead of pipetting. The combination of treatments applied to each test filter paper is shown in Table 1.

[0044] Vehicle 10.5% CMC + 40% ethanolVehicle 20.02% MCT oil + 40% ethanolTest formulation① Vehicle 1 / 10% test substance④ Vehicle 2 / 10% test substance② Vehicle 1 / 5% test substance⑤ Vehicle 2 / 5% test substance③ Vehicle 1 / 2.5% test substance⑥ Vehicle 2 / 2.5% test substanceNegative control group⑦ Vehicle 1 / Vehicle 1⑨ Vehicle 2 / Vehicle 2⑧ Untreated / Vehicle 1⑩ Untreated / Vehicle 2Positive control group⑪ Untreated / 15% DEET⑫ Untreated / 7% DEET⑬ Untreated / 15% Icaridin ⑭ Untreated / Untreated

[0045] ①∼⑭: Combination number

[0046] The treated and dried filter papers were folded back into their original circular shape and then fixed to the bottom of an insect breeding tank (SPL, 10 cm in diameter, 4 cm in height) using adhesive glue. Each test area was stored at room temperature, and the decrease in efficacy over time was measured.

[0047] <Evaluation of Results>

[0048] Thirty minutes after creating the test plots, five females, five males, and ten nymphs of various instars (20 bed bugs in total) were placed in each plot. To avoid territorial preference bias due to the initial introduction point, all bed bugs were initially placed in glass vials and then released into the center of the test plot (see Figure 1).

[0049] Individuals that had last fed more than 7 days prior were used for testing. Bed bugs tend to move quickly in search of a host when exposed to external stimuli. To observe aversion responses to test substances, bed bugs were placed in test chambers and exposed to light and carbon dioxide to induce free movement. Bed bug movement patterns and final settlement locations were recorded. After an initial 30-minute observation period, bed bugs were removed from the test chambers and returned to their original laboratory conditions.

[0050] Bed bugs were introduced and observed using the same method at each observation time point (30 minutes, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after filter paper production). Three independent replicates were performed for each condition to ensure statistical significance. Figure 2 shows an example of bed bug distribution after treatment with the test formulation.

[0051] The repellency rate was calculated according to the following formula.

[0052] Rejection rate of test formulation (%) = 100 - [{(nt / Nt) / (nc / Nc)} x 100]

[0053] - nt = number of bed bugs on half filter paper treated with test preparation (combination ①∼⑥)

[0054] - Nt = total number of bedbugs used in the test area (combination ① to ⑥)

[0055] - nc = number of bed bugs on half filter paper in the control test area (combination ⑦ or ⑨)

[0056] - Nc = total number of bedbugs used in the control test area (combination ⑦ or ⑨)

[0057] Avoidance rate of commercial products (%) = 100- [{(nt / Nt) / (nc / Nc)} x 100];

[0058] - nt = Number of bed bugs on half filter paper treated with commercial products (combination ⑪∼⑬)

[0059] - Nt = total number of bedbugs used in the test area (combination ⑪∼⑬)

[0060] - nc = number of bed bugs on half filter paper in the control test area (combination ⑭)

[0061] - Nc = total number of bedbugs used in the control test area (combination ⑭)

[0062] Combinations ⑧ and ⑩, similar to combinations ⑦ and ⑨, were used as control test areas to verify that the vehicle itself had no repellent effect by confirming that the distribution of bedbugs was random.

[0063] 2. Test results

[0064] A. Repellent bioassay using strain A bed bugs

[0065] The results of the repellent effect test using the test substance and positive control dissolved in Vehicle 1 or Vehicle 2 are shown in Tables 2 to 4 below. Regardless of the type of vehicle used, bed bugs exhibited a repellent effect to the test substance. However, the repellent effect decreased over time after treatment with the drug.

[0066] Test substance dissolved in vehicle 1. Repellent efficacy. Time after treatment. Repellent rate (%, mean ± standard deviation). 10%. 5%. 2.5%. 30 min. 100 ± 0.09. 6.5 ± 6.19. 6.5 ± 6.14 h. 96.5 ± 6.19. 3.0 ± 6.18. 6.0 ± 6.18 h. 93.0 ± 12.29. 3.0 ± 12.27. 1.9 ± 12.21. 2 h. 78.9 ± 10.66. 8.3 ± 10.66. 1.3 ± 12.22. 4 h. 71.8 ± 6.16. 4.8 ± 6.15. 0.7 ± 6.1

[0067] Test substance dissolved in vehicle 2. Time after treatment. Avoidance rate (%, mean ± standard deviation). 10%. 5%. 2.5%. 30 minutes. 100 ± 0.09. 6.5 ± 6.19. 6.5 ± 6.14 hours. 96.5 ± 6.18. 6.0 ± 6.18. 9.5 ± 10.58 hours. 79.0 ± 0.07. 5.5 ± 6.07. 5.5 ± 6.01. 2 hours. 75.5 ± 6.07. 5.5 ± 6.06. 1.6 ± 6.12. 4 hours. 54.6 ± 12.15. 1.1 ± 6.15. 4.6 ± 6.1

[0068] Repellent efficacy of commercial products (DEET, Icaridin) Time after treatment Repellent rate (%, mean ± standard deviation) 15% DEET 7% DEET 15% Icaridin 30 minutes 100 ± 0.09 9.2 ± 1.58 6.9 ± 4.84 hours 100 ± 0.09 9.5 ± 1.58 3.9 ± 14.58 hours 95.5 ± 7.8 96.0 ± 6.9 86.0 ± 12.1 12 hours 94.9 ± 8.8 82.4 ± 16.3 82.9 ± 11.7 24 hours 83.5 ± 14.9 80.3 ± 19.1 78.4 ± 22.1

[0069] In all cases, the vehicle without the active ingredient showed a repellency rate of 0%, similar to the untreated control group. This confirms that the repellency effect in this experiment was due to the test substance. The repellency rates presented in Tables 2 to 4 were calculated based on the final settlement sites of the bed bugs. The movement patterns of the bed bugs are shown in Table 5. Due to the aerosol spray form of the 15% DEET product, the exact amount of the active ingredient applied to the filter paper could not be accurately measured. Therefore, the results shown in Table 5 are based on the 7% DEET product. During the first 4 hours, no bed bugs in the positive control group crossed the border of the treated filter paper. In contrast, a few bed bugs in the test substance-treated group migrated beyond the treated area. However, despite the observed migration, the final settlement site of the bed bugs in both the test and positive control groups was in the untreated area.

[0070] Comparison of bed bug settlement and movement patterns during repellence tests Time 10% Test formulation 7% DEET 30 min Settled within 1 min (moved over the treated area but did not settle) Settled within 10 sec (did not approach the treated area) 4 h Settled within 2 min (moved over the treated area but did not settle) Settled within 2 min (did not approach the treated area) 8 h Settled within 3 min (1-2 bed bugs settled in the treated area) Settled within 2 min (1 bed bug settled in the treated area) 12 h Settled within 3 min (1-3 bed bugs settled in the treated area) Settled within 2-3 min (1-2 bed bugs settled in the treated area) 24 h Settled within 3 min (2-5 bed bugs settled in the treated area) Settled within 2-3 min (2-3 bed bugs settled in the treated area)

[0071] B. Repellent bioassay using strain B bedbugs

[0072] To cross-validate the repellent efficacy, identical bioassays were performed using strain A and strain B, which have different characteristics. Based on the experimental results using strain A, a test formulation containing the highest concentration of the test substance, 10%, was used (Table 6). The repellent efficacy of the test substance was consistent regardless of the insecticide resistance trait or strain of the bedbugs.

[0073] Test substance repellent rate for susceptible bed bugs Time after treatment Repellent rate (%, mean ± standard deviation) Test substance in vehicle 1 Test substance in vehicle 2 30 min 100 ± 0.09 6.65 ± 5.8 4 hr 93.2 ± 5.9 93.3 ± 5.8 8 hr 86.5 ± 5.9 83.3 ± 5.8 12 hr 83.1 ± 11.7 79.9 ± 0.02 4 hr 79.7 ± 0.07 3.2 ± 5.8

[0074] In the above bioassays A and B, lineage A bed bugs have mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels, which prevent them from exhibiting neurotoxic effects when exposed to pyrethroids, unlike lineage B (susceptible bed bugs). Meanwhile, commercially available repellents such as DEET and icaridin are known to induce avoidance behavior by targeting insect olfactory and gustatory receptors. Therefore, the reason that bed bugs with over 1,000-fold resistance to pyrethroids (such as lineage A bed bugs) exhibit a similar repellent effect to pyrethroids as susceptible bed bugs is thought to be due to differences in their mechanisms of action.

[0075] C. Comparison with Vehicle 1 and Vehicle 2

[0076] For the test substances dissolved in vehicle 1 and vehicle 2, the time (ET) at which the repellent effect is maintained at 90% 90 ) and the time (ET) at which the avoidance effect is reduced by 50% 50 ) were evaluated (Tables 7 and 8).

[0077] ET of test substance in lineage A bedbugs 90 and ET 50 Concentration vehicle 1 vehicle 2 vehicle 1 / vehicle 2 (ratio) ET 90 ET 50 ET 90 ET 50 ET 90 ET 50 10%7.3 h51.6 h5.1 h27.5 h1.43 times 1.88 times 5%4.1 h46.6 h2.4 h31.9 h1.71 times 1.46 times 2.5%2 h23.4 h2.4 h24.7 h0.83 times 0.95 times

[0078] ET of test substance in lineage B bedbugs 90 and ET 50 Concentration vehicle 1 vehicle 2 vehicle 1 / vehicle 2 (ratio) ET 90 ET 50 ET 90 ET 50 ET 90 ET 50 10%6.4 h129.6 h3.7 h95.6 h1.73 times 1.36 times

[0079] When the highest concentration of the test substance, 10%, was used, the time to maintain 90% repellency was 7.3 hours and 5.1 hours for Vehicle 1 and 2, respectively, and the time to 50% decline in efficacy was 51.6 hours and 27.5 hours, respectively. This indicates a significant difference between the two vehicles. A similar trend was observed when the compound was used at a concentration of 5%, and this pattern was consistent in the susceptible bed bug population. A test comparing the decline in efficacy over time for the same concentration of the test substance between vehicles showed that both 10% and 5% test substance maintained efficacy statistically longer when using Vehicle 1 than when using Vehicle 2. Overall, Vehicle 1 provides a longer-lasting repellency compared to Vehicle 2, and therefore, Vehicle 1 is more preferable as a carrier for the test substance to achieve sustained repellency.

[0080] 3. Conclusion

[0081] The test substance exhibited a repellent effect and prevented bed bug colonization on the treated filter paper. The repellent effect of the test substance lasted longer when using Vehicle 1 (0.5% CMC + 40% ethanol) than when using Vehicle 2 (0.02% MCT oil + 40% ethanol). The repellent efficacy of the test substance was similar for both pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible bed bugs.

Claims

A repellent composition for pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, comprising a compound of the following chemical formula 1 as an active ingredient. <Chemical Formula 1> A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrethroid-resistant worm has a mutation in a voltage-gated sodium channel. A composition characterized in that, in claim 1, it further comprises at least one carrier or additive selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, medium-chain triglycerides, and C1 to C4 alcohols. A method for repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs, comprising applying a compound of the following chemical formula 1 or a composition containing the same to an area, household goods, or a subject other than humans that requires repelling pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. <Chemical Formula 1> A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pyrethroid-resistant worm has a mutation in a voltage-gated sodium channel. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the composition further comprises at least one carrier or additive selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, medium-chain triglycerides, and C1 to C4 alcohols. Use of a compound of formula 1 for use in the repellence of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. <Chemical Formula 1> Use of a composition comprising a compound of the following formula 1 for use in the repellence of pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs. <Chemical Formula 1> A use according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the pyrethroid-resistant bedbugs have a mutation in a voltage-gated sodium channel. A use according to claim 8, characterized in that the composition further comprises at least one carrier or additive selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, medium-chain triglycerides, and C1 to C4 alcohols.

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