Method of making a product from pollen and pollen product

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of producing apiculture products. Proposed are a method of making a product from pollen and a pollen product, based on the fermentation of pollen using lactic acid bacteria. The claimed organic food product expands the inventory of high-quality apiculture products.

Description

[0001] A method for producing a product from flower pollen and a product from flower pollen

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to the field of production of beekeeping products.

[0004] Prior art.

[0005] A method is known for isolating generative cells of flower pollen in a hypotonic solution with an osmotic pressure in the range of 10-50% of the osmotic pressure of an isotonic solution for a given pollen species. This involves the release of pollen and the isolation of generative cells, which are separated by centrifugation from the membranes and cytoplasmic substances of vegetative cells (a.s. SU 1145954A1. IPC A01G 7 / 00. A01H 1 / 04. published 23.03.1985 - analogue).

[0006] A disadvantage of this method is the use of a centrifuge to separate generative cells from the pollen grain shells.

[0007] A method for processing flower pollen collected by bees in the form of bee pollen is known, which includes drying the pollen extracted from the pollen trap, followed by grinding it in a coffee grinder and storing the resulting product in a closed container (Alain Caillas. Pollen. Collection - Properties - Application. Apimondia Publishing House. Bucharest, 1975, 89 pages - prototype).

[0008] Flower pollen obtained this way is poorly absorbed by the human body due to the high resistance of the pollen grain shell to chemical attack. This is a drawback of this method.

[0009] The objective of the invention is to obtain a method and a product from flower pollen collected by bees in the form of bee pollen or placed in honeycombs in the form of bee bread, based on the fermentation of flower pollen by means of lactic acid bacteria.

[0010] The stated objective is achieved by the fact that in the method for obtaining a product from flower pollen, flower pollen containing lactic acid bacteria is first crushed in water using a mechanical crusher to the state of pollen grains, then crushed foreign particles are removed from the resulting mixture by filtering on a sieve, after which the resulting filtrate is settled for 2-20 hours, which in the process of settling is stratified into an upper layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, a thin, partially transparent layer located below the upper layer consisting of a colloidal solution of lactic acid bacteria, a middle layer located below the thin, partially transparent layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, and a lower sediment layer consisting of pollen grains and water, the upper layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains is removed from the resulting filtrate, then, for the fermentation of pollen grains,the remaining filtrate is poured in a thin layer onto a flat substrate while stirring and kept for 5 to 50 hours at a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 °C until a pasty product is obtained, while the transparent pasty product formed by displacing the mobile phase of the thin layer beyond the boundary of the stationary phase of the thin layer is removed from the flat substrate separately from the rest of the pasty product.

[0011] The flower pollen product is a transparent, pasty product obtained by fermenting pollen grains using lactic acid bacteria.

[0012] The essence of the invention lies in the use of lactic acid bacteria contained in pollen collected by bees to produce the claimed products. These bacteria are spherical lactic acid bacteria belonging to the family Streptococcaceae, genus Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis (lactic acid streptococcus). The cells are spherical or oval, connected in pairs (diplococci) or in chains of four bacteria. The bacteria are primarily non-motile.

[0013] After preliminary grinding of bee pollen in water using a mechanical grinder for 1-20 minutes to the state of pollen grains, and removal of crushed honeycomb particles from the resulting mixture by filtration on a sieve with a mesh size of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, the resulting filtrate is settled for 2-20 hours. During the settling process, the filtrate stratifies into an upper layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, a thin, partially transparent layer 1-5 mm thick located below the upper layer, consisting of a colloidal solution of lactic acid bacteria, a middle layer located below the thin, partially transparent layer, consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, and a lower sediment layer consisting of pollen grains and water.

[0014] In this case, a thin, partially transparent layer containing bacteria, representing a colloidal solution, occupies a position in the filtrate corresponding to its density, which can be defined as the ratio of the mass of the colloidal solution to its volume. Since bacteria have a weak tendency to Brownian motion, and their masses and volumes differ little from each other, they concentrate in a thin layer, forming a colloidal solution. However, when the filtrate is allowed to settle, these bacteria can also be found in layers located above and below this layer, since the process of settling pollen grains from the suspension, which prevents the formation of a thin layer, is slow.

[0015] This thin, partially transparent layer acts as a filter through which pollen grains quickly "slip" from the upper to the middle layer. A linearly elongated chain of four bacteria, with negative electrical charges on their surfaces, is subject to Brownian motion to a lesser extent than a single, electrically neutral, spherical pollen grain. The Brownian motion of each bacterium in the chain, bound by attractive and repulsive forces such as van der Waals and electrostatic forces, is the result of random collisions with water molecules and occurs only within this chain. Such chains slow the Brownian motion of the pollen grains, which quickly settle into the middle layer. Therefore, the thin layer is more transparent than the adjacent layers, and within it, one can observe how a beam of light at great depth undergoes scattering due to the Tyndall effect.

[0016] Aerobic bacteria and yeasts reside in the upper layer. During settling, they tend to occupy the oxygen-rich surface layer of water. After settling, this layer is removed from the filtrate to prevent alcoholic fermentation. Then, to ferment the pollen grains, the remaining filtrate is poured in a thin layer (1-3 mm) onto a flat substrate, such as a glass plate, while stirring. The filtrate is then incubated for 5-50 hours at a temperature ranging from 20 to 40°C. Upon completion of the fermentation process, an opaque, brown paste is obtained from the stationary phase of the thin layer. A transparent, yellow paste is obtained from the mobile phase of the thin layer, displaced beyond the boundary of the stationary phase during fermentation. This paste is removed from the flat substrate separately from the opaque paste.

[0017] The resulting transparent yellow product is mixed with glycerin in a ratio of 1:5 to 1:200 and used as a cosmetic product or mixed with honey in a ratio of 1:5 to 1:200 and used as a food additive.

[0018] The resulting opaque brown product is mixed with sucrose in a ratio of 1:5 to 1:200 and used to feed and treat bees against Varroa mites. Since sucrose is broken down into fructose and glucose by lactic acid, bees easily digest this food. Using this mixture to feed bees enhances their defenses and can have a suppressive and lethal effect on Varroa mites, as the active ingredients are absorbed through the bees' hemolymph into the mite's body. Furthermore, it is a natural, environmentally friendly treatment option for bees.

[0019] Thus, a new environmentally friendly product has been proposed, expanding the range of high-quality beekeeping products.

Claims

pCT / RU2025 / 00018() Invention formula 1. A method for obtaining a product from flower pollen, characterized in that, first, flower pollen containing lactic acid bacteria is crushed in water using a mechanical crusher to the state of pollen grains, then the crushed foreign particles are removed from the resulting mixture by filtering on a sieve, after which the resulting filtrate is settled for 2-20 hours, which in the process of settling stratifies into an upper layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, a thin, partially transparent layer located below the upper layer consisting of a colloidal solution of lactic acid bacteria, a middle layer located below the thin, partially transparent layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains, and a lower sediment layer consisting of pollen grains and water, the upper layer consisting of water and a suspension of pollen grains is removed from the resulting filtrate, then, for fermentation of pollen grains,the remaining filtrate is poured in a thin layer onto a flat substrate while stirring and kept for 5 to 50 hours at a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 °C until a pasty product is obtained, with a transparent pasty product formed by displacing the mobile phase of the thin layer beyond the boundary of the stationary phase of the thin layer, b, removed from a flat backing separately from the rest of the pasty product.

2. A product made from flower pollen, characterized in that it is a transparent pasty product obtained by fermenting pollen grains using lactic acid bacteria.